UC-NRLF 


OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY 

OF 


EARTH 

SCIENCE* 
LIBRARY 


SMITHSONIAN  MISCELLANEOUS  COLLECTIONS, 

252 


TEE 


MOLLUSKS 


OF 


WESTERN  NORTH  AMERICA. 


EARTH 


BY 
PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B.A.,  PH.D. 


EMBRACING  THE  SECOND  REPORT  MADE  TO  THE  BRITISH  ASSOCIATION 

ON   THIS   SUBJECT,  WITH    OTHER    PAPERS  ;    REPRINTED   BY 

PERMISSION,  WITH  A  GENERAL  INDEX. 


WASHINGTON: 
SMITHSONIAN   INSTITUTION 

DECEMBER,  1872. 

SgSssw  OF  cALim 


fitLf! 


DWTni  nriV 


JAN  24  1952 
'•  I- 


SCIENCES 
U&RAKf 


ADVERTISEMENT 


THE  opportunity  afforded  by  Mr.  Carpenter's  visit  in  1859-60 
to  the  United  States,  was  embraced  to  secure  his  services  in 
naming  and  arranging  the  shells  collected  by  the  United  States 
Exploring  Expedition  and  other  parties  on  the  Pacific  Coast  of 
North  America.  Mr.  Carpenter,  having  previously  presented  to 
the  British  Association  a  report  on  the  state  of  knowledge  in 
regard  to  the  mollusks  of  the  west  coast  of  North  America, 
embodied  the  additional  information  which  he  obtained,  chiefly 
through  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  in  a  second  report  to  the 
same  Association  ;  and  now,  in  order  to  facilitate  the  study  of 
this  class  of  animals  by  the  American  student,  this  work  is  re- 
published  with  supplementary  papers,  from  stereotype  copies  of 
the  original  pages. 

JOSEPH  HENRY, 

Secretary  S.  I. 
SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION, 
WASHINGTON,  November,  1872. 


PHILADELPHIA: 
COLLINS,  PRINTER 


QU4/7 

C  afr" 


UBWW~ 


EARTH 

SCIENCES 

LIBRARY 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


Advertisement  ... 

Introduction      .... 

LIST  OF  PAPERS  REPRINTED  IN  THIS  VOLUME 

"  "        NOT  REPRINTED  I2f  THIS  VOLUME 

ALPHABETICAL  INDEX  OF  SPECIES 


PAGE 

ii 


13 


INTRODUCTION. 


AFTER  the  publication  of  my  first  "Report  on  the  present  state 
of  our  knowledge  with  regard  to  the  Mollusca  of  the  West  Coast 
of  North  America,"  undertaken  at  the  request  of  the  British 
Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  and  printed  in  their 
Report  for  1856,  I  visited  America  in  order  to  arrange  the  first 
duplicate  series  of  the  great  Reigeu  Collection  of  Mazatlan  Shells 
which  I  had  presented  to  the  New  York  State  Museum  at 
Albany.  It  was  one  of  the  special  objects  of  my  visit  to  ex- 
amine the  types  of  previously  described  species  in  the  United 
States,  that  I  might  compare  them  with  those  known  in  England. 
Having  visited  Washington  to  examine  the  types  of  the  United 
States  Exploring  Expedition  (Wilkes'),  I  was  requested  to  spend 
the  winter  of  1859-60  in  unpacking  and  arranging  the  shells 
belonging  to  the  National  Museum  under  its  charge;  and  after 
my  return  to  England  I  received  from  time  to  time  the  various 
collections  sent  to  the  Institution  from  the  West  Coast  as  they 
arrived ;  all  of  these  were  duly  compared  with  the  types  in  the 
Cumingiaii  and  other  British  collections. 

Being  thus  in  a  position  to  correct  a  large  number  of  unavoid- 
able errors  in  my  first  Report,-  and  to  add  a  great  deal  of  fresh 
information  from  American  sources  (chiefly  obtained  through  the 
Smithsonian  Institution),  I  was  requested  by  the  British  Asso- 
ciation to  embody  the  material  in  a  "  Supplementary  Report"  on 
the  same  subject  as  the  first.  Knowing  how  difficult  it  is  for 
American  students  to  obtain  access  to  serial  publications,  I  ob- 
tained permission,  in  behalf  of  the  Institution,  to  stereotype  this 
second  report,  and  the  papers  connected  with  it,  which  appeared 
in  the  "Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society,"  the  "Annals  and 
Magazine  of  Natural  History,"  and  the  "Journal  de  Conchy- 
liologie." 

(O 


VI  INTRODUCTION. 

The  present  volume  consists,  therefore,  of  a  reprint  from  these 
stereotype  plates,  with  the  original  paging  at  the  top,  and  the 
Smithsonian  paging  at  the  bottom ;  and  of  a  general  index  of 
species. 

The  index  was  prepared  (at  the  expense  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution)  by  Mr.  E.  Taylor,  Student  at  McGill  College.  It 
includes  not  only  the  present  volume  but  all  my  previous  English 
publications  on  the  subject,  of  which  the  principal  are  the  First 
British  Association  Report  and  the  British  Museum  Mazatlan 
Catalogue.  All  references  to  these  works  not  reprinted  have 
the  page-number  prefixed  by  a  Roman  Capital  (0  to  X),  by 
which  they  can  be  at  once  distinguished  from  the  simple  num- 
bers which  refer  to  the  foot-page  in  this  volume.  Students  who 
want  an  index  to  the  First  Report  will  fix  the  eye  on  the  initial 
O ;  to  the  Mazatlan  Catalogue  on  P. 

In  an  accompanying  list  will  be  found  an  enumeration  of  all 
my  papers  published  in  European  journals  relative  to  American 
conchology,  and  for  the  most  part  reprinted  in  the  present  col- 
lection. In  this,  however,  is  not  included  any  of  the  contribu- 
tions to  American  serials,  as  the  Journal  of  the  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  the  Proceedings  of  the  Cali- 
fornia Academy,  or  the  American  Journal  of  Conchology. 

My  principal  object  in  the  preparation  of  these  works  has  been 
to  make  out  and  compare  the  writings  of  previous  naturalists,  so 
that  it  might  be  possible  for  succeeding  students  to  begin  where 
I  left  off,  without  being  obliged  to  waste  so  large  an  amount  of 
time  as  I  have  been  compelled  to  do  in  analyzing  the  (often  inac- 
curate) work  of  their  predecessors. 

As  the  work  of  previous  writers,  whether  satisfactory  or  other- 
wise, is  duly  tabulated  in  my  Reports,  so  that  others  may  judge 
of  its  value  as  well  as  I,  it  is  not  fair  (as  is  often  done)  to  quote 
from  these  Reports  as  on  my  authority.  I  was  simply  the  his- 
torian, not  the  original  writer.  In  the  First  Report  I  was  a 
novice  in  the  scientific  world,  and  rarely  ventured  on  criticisms ; 
in  the  second,  I  allowed  myself  with  more  confidence  to  state 
my  own  conclusions,  because  I  found  that  others  had  not  enjoyed 
the  remarkable  facilities  of  comparing  types  which  fell  to  my  lot, 
and  which  fin  many  instances)  cannot  be  renewed.  Since  that 
time,  Nuttall,  Gould,  Rich,  Judge  Cooper,  and  especially  Hugh 
Cuming,  have  been  called  to  another  world  ;  their  collections 


INTRODUCTION.  Vli 

have  changed  hands,  and  fresh  causes  of  error  have  crept  in.  The 
present  condition  of  the  Cumingian  Collection  has  been  faithfully 
described  by  Dr.  Gray  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  So- 
ciety ;  and  those  who  will  take  the  trouble  to  compare  his  review 
of  the  Calyptrdeidae,  after  the  destruction  of  original  labels  conse- 
quent on  Reeve's  Monograph,  with  that  which  I  gave  in  the 
Mazatlan  Catalogue,  while  these  labels  were  still  fixed  to  the 
shells,  will  appreciate  the  advantages  which  I  formerly  enjoyed. 

Readers  who  may  discover  any  unconnected  errors  in  this 
volume,  or  in  any  of  my  other  works,  are  urgently  requested 
to  apprise  me  of  them  (Box  193J  P.  0.,  Montreal,  C.  E.),  in 
order  that  they  may  be  corrected  in  the  Report  of  the  Mollusca 
which  Prof.  Whitney  has  requested  me  to  prepare  for  the  Cali- 
fornia Geological  Survey. 

PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER. 

MONTREAL,  July  17,  1872. 


LIST  OF  PAPERS 

Otf 

AMERICAN    MOLLTJSOA 

PUBLISHED  IN  EUROPEAN  WORKS  BY 

P.  P.  CARPENTER. 


REPRINTED. 

A. 

Supplementary  Report  on  the  Present  State  of  our  Knowledge 
with  Regard  to  the  Mollusca  of  the  West  Coast  of  North 
America.  Page  I.1 

From  the  Report  of  the  British  Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science,  for  1863,  pp.  517—686.  Published  in  August,  1864. 
Extra  copies,  with  title-page,  dated  1864. 

B. 

Review  of  Prof.  C.  B.  Adams'  "Catalogue  of  the  Shells  of  Pan- 
ama," from  the  Type  Specimens.  Page  173. 

From  the  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London,  June  23, 
1863,  pp.  339—369, 

C. 

Diagnoses  of  New  Forms  of  Moll  asks  collected  at  Cape  St.  Lucas, 
Lower  California.  By  Mr.  J.  Xantus.  Page  207. 

From  the  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History.  Third  Series, 
Vol.  XIII.,  pp.  311—315,  April,  1864.  Ibid.  (Nos.  15—36)  pp. 
474—479,  June,  1864.  Ibid.  Vol.  XIV.  (Nos.  37—52),  pp.  45— 
49,  July,  1864. 

D. 

Contributions  towards  a  Monograph  of  the  Pandoridse.    Page  223. 

From  the  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London,  pp.  596 — 
603,  November  22,  1864. 

1  The  references  are  to  the  bottom  paging. 

(ix) 


X  LIST   OF    PAPERS. 

E. 

Diagnoses  of  New  Forms  of  Mollusca  from  the  Vancouver 
trict.     Page  233. 

From  the  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History.  Third  Series, 
Vol.  XIV.  (Nos.  5—37),  pp.  423—429,  December,  1864.  Ibid. 
Vol.  XV.  (Nos.  37—56),  pp.  28—32,  January,  1865. 

F. 

Diagnoses  of  New  Forms  of  Mollusca  from  the  Vancouver  Dis- 
trict. Page  247. 

From  the  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London,  pp.  201 — 
204,  February  14,  1865. 

G 

Diagnoses  of  New  Species  and  a  New  Genus  of  Mollusks,  from 
the  Reigen  Mazatlan  Collection  ;  with  an  Account  of  Addi- 
tional Specimens  presented  to  the  British  Museum.  Page  253. 

From  the  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London,  pp. 
268—273,  March  14,  1865. 

H. 

Descriptions  of  New  Species  and  Varieties  of  Chitonidae  and 
Acmaeidse,  from  the  Panama  Collection  of  the  late  Prof.  C.  B. 
Adams.  Page  263. 

From  the  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London,  pp. 
274—277,  March  14,  1865 

I. 

Diagnoses  of  New  Species  of  Mollusks,  from  the  West  Tropical 
Region  of  North  America,  principally  collected  by  the  Rev.  J. 
Rowell,  of  San  Francisco.  Page  269. 

From  the  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London,  pp. 
278—282,  March  14,  1865. 

K. 

Diagnoses  of  New  Forms  of  Mollnsca,  from  the  West  coast  of 
North  America,  first  collected  by  Col.  E.  Jewett.     Page  27 7. 
From  the  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History.     Third  Series, 
Vol.  XV.,  pp.  177—182  (Nos.  373—386),  March,  1865.     Ibid, 
pp.  394—399  (Mangelia  variegata  to  end),  May,  1865. 


LIST    OP   PAPERS.  Xi 

L. 

Diagnoses  of  New  Forms  of  Mollusca,  collected  by  Col.  E.  Jewett, 
on  the  West  Tropical  shores  of  North  America.  Page  291. 

From  the  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History.     Third  Series 
Vol.  XV.,  pp.  399—400,  May,  1865. 

M. 

Diagnoses  des  Mollusques  nouveaux  provenant  de  Californie  et 
faisant  partie  du  Musee  de  PInstitution  Smithsonienne.  Page 
297. 

From  the  Journal  de  Conchyliologie,  Vol.  XII.  (Third  Series,  Vol. 
V.)  pp.  129—149,  April,  1865. 

N. 

On  the  Pleistocene  Fossils  collected  by  Col.  E.  Jewett,  at  Santa 
Barbara,  California;  with  Descriptions  of  New  Species.  Page 
319. 

From  the  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History,  Third  Series, 
Vol.  XVII.,  pp.  274—278,  April,  1866. 


NOT  REPRINTED. 

o. 

Report  on  the  Present  State  of  our  Knowledge  with  Regard  to 
the  Mollusca  of  the  West  Coast  of  North  America. 

From  the  Report  of  the  British  Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science,  for  1856,  pp.  159— 3C8.  Published  in  1857.  Extra  copies 
with  title-page,  list  of  plates  with  references  to  figures  (4  pages), 
dated  1857.  Not  reprinted,  but  referred  to  under  "0"  in  the 
general  index. 

P. 

Catalogue  of  the  Reigen  Collection  of  Mazatlan  Mollusca  in  the 
British  Museum. 

Each  sheet  dated:  July,  1855 — June,  1857.  The  Bryozoa,  by  G. 
Busk,  Esq.  Printed  by  order  of  the  Trustees  at  the  Oberlin 
Press,  Warrington.  552  pp.  First  Edition,  with  Preface  as 
arranged  by  Dr.  J.  E.  Gray,  on  sale  at  the  British  Museum,  price 
8s.  Second  Edition,  with  Author's  Preface,  accompanying  dupli- 
cate collections  of  the  shells,  published  simultaneously. 


Xll  LIST    OF    PAPERS. 

NOT  REPRINTED  (continued}. 

Q. 

Descriptions  of  (supposed)  New  Species  and  Varieties  of  Shells, 
from  the  Californian  and  West  Mexican  Coasts,  principally  in 
the  Collection  of  H.  Cuming,  Esq. 

Proceedings  Zoological  Society,  Part  xxiii,  1855,  pp.  228—235. 

ft. 

Notes    on   the    Species   of  Hipponyx   inhabiting   the   American 
Coasts,  with  Descriptions  of  New  Species. 
Ditto,  Part  xxiv,  1856,  pp.  3—5. 

s. 

Description   of   New   Species  of    Shells    collected   by   Mr.    T. 
Bridges  in  the  Bay  of  Panama  and  its  vicinity,  in  the  Collec- 
tion of  Hugli  Cuming,  Esq. 
Ditto,  pp.  159—166. 

T. 

Description  of  New  Species  and  Varieties  of  Calyptr aides,  Tro- 
chidce  and  Pyramidellidce,  principally  in  the  Collection  of  Hugh 
Cuming,  Esq.     [From  American  and  other  seas.] 
Ditto,  pp.  166—171. 

u. 

Descriptions  of  Shells  from  the  Gulf  of  California,  and  the  Pa- 
cific  Coasts  of  Mexico  and  California.     Part  II.     By  A.  A. 
Gould,  M.D.,  and  Philip  P.  Carpenter. 
Ditto,  pp.  198—208. 

V. 

Monograph  of  the  Shells  collected  by  T.  Nuttall,  Esq.,  on  the 
Californian  Coast,  in  the  years  1834-5. 
Ditto,  pp.  209—229. 

w. 

First  Steps  towards  a  Monograph  of  the  Recent  Species  of  Petalo- 
conchus,  a  genus  of   Vermetidce. 

Ditto,  pp.  313—317.     (With  wood-cuts.) 

X. 

First  Steps  towards  a  Monograph  of  the  C&cidce,  a  Family  of  the 
Rostriferous  Gasteropoda."     [Chiefly  from  the  American  seas.] 
Ditto,  Part  xxvi,  1858,  pp.  413—444. 


A. 


SUPPLEMENTARY   REPORT 


PRESENT  STATE  OF  OUR  KNOWLEDGE 


WITH  REGARD  TO 


THE  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


BY 
PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B.A.,  PH.D. 


From  the  Report  of  the  British  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science, 
for  1863,  pp.  517—686.  Published  in  August,  1864.  Extra  copies,  with 
title-page,  dated  1864. 


(i) 


Supplementary  Report  on  the  Present  State  of  our  Knowledge  with 
regard  to  the  Mollusca  of  the  West  Coast  of  North  America.  By 
PHILIP  P.  CAEPENTEE,  B.A.,  Ph.D* 

THE  object  of  the  present  Report  is  (1)  to  correct  the  errors  which  have  been 
observed  in  the  first  Report  ("Report  &c."  1856,  pp.  159-368) ;  and  (2)  to 
point  out  the  fresh  sources  of  information  which  have  been  rendered  avail- 
able since  that  period.  For  convenience  of  comparison,  the  paragraph  num- 
bers refer  to  those  of  the  first  Report  in  the  corrections,  and  are  continued 
from  them  in  the  addenda.  In  the  bibliographical  portion,  the  criticisms  by 
the  writer  of  this  Report  are  inserted  in  [  ] ;  a  distinction  not  always  attended 
to  in  the  former  volume,  in  consequence  of  which  erroneous  names  and  local- 
ities have  been  attributed  to  the  reviewer,  instead  of  to  the  authors  quoted. 
.  22.  Introduction. — (Line  4  from  bottom.)  The  river  Willamette  flows 
northwards  (Gld.). 

23.  Early  Writers. — The  only  Californian  shell  described  by  Linnaeus  is 
Turbo  sanguineuS)=T.  coccineus,  Desh. ;  v.  Hani.  Ips.  Linn.  Conch,  p.  334. 
The  types  are  too  much  worn  to  decide  whether  they  came  from  the  North 
Pacific  or  (as  is  more  probable)  from  the  Mediterranean.  In  Gmelin's  edition 
of  Linnaeus,  Lipsise,  1788-1790, — which  is,  in  great  measure,  a  translation 
from  a  German  work  published  a  few  years  in  advance  [teste  Hanley], — the 
following  species  are  assigned  to  the  "  West  Coast  of  America,"  probably  on 
the  authority  of  Martyn  : — page  3529,  Murex  foliatus  :  3702,  Patella  pecten  : 
3712,  Patella  catyptra.  The  last  two  seem  exotic. 

Many  West-coast  species  had  found  their  way  into  English  collections 
during  the  last  century,  at  a  much  earlier  date  than  was  expected  at  the  time 
of  the  first  Report.  They  were  mainly  derived  from  the  voyages  of  Capt. 
Cook  and  other  circumnavigators.  Capt.  Cook  was  accompanied  by  Solander, 
as  naturalist,  at  the  instance  of  Sir  Joseph  Banks.  His  shells  passed  into 
the  hands  of  Mr.  Humphrey,  the  dealer,  at  whose  death  the  remainder,  a 
thousand  boxes,  became  the  property  of  the  elder  Sowerby,  and  (in  part)  of 
Mawe  [teste  Hanley].  They  took  their  chance  of  being  figured  or  described 
by  the  early  conchologists.  The  localities  are  (as  might  be  expected)  often 
interchanged,  but  have  been  quoted  by  later  authors,  who  have  not  thought 
fit  to  avail  themselves  of  more  correct  sources  of  information. 

The  first  accurate  delineations  are  by  Thomas  Martyn,  in  his  '  Universal 
Conchologist/  London,  1784.  Those  who  only  know  this  book  from  Chenu's 
reprint,  Paris,  1845,  can  form  but  a  poor  idea  of  the  exquisite  beauty  of  the 
original  work.  Of  this,  very  few  copies  are  accessible ;  but  it  may  be  consulted 
at  the  British  Museum,  the  Royal  Society,  and  the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons. 

No.    Plate.   Fig. 

16      5      3.  Patella  tramoserica,  Mart.  N. W.  C.  America,  very  rare.  [N.  Zealand.] 
18      6      1.  Patella  calyptra,  Mart.  N.W.  Coast  of  America,  very  rare.     [Not 
identified :  resembles  Crep.  adunca,  without  deck.     Hani,  con- 
siders it  a  Hipponyx,  like  austraUsA 

31  8      4.  Trochus  invequalis,   Mart.     Friendly  Isles,  common.      [Does  not 

closely  resemble  the  Japan  and  Vancouver  species,=Pachypoma 
ffibberosum,  Chemn.] 

32  10      1.     Trochus  canaliculatus,  Mart.     N.  Zealand,  rare. 

33  10      2.     Trochus  annulatus,  Mart.     N.  Zealand,  very  rare. 

34  10      3.     Trochus  costatus,  Mart.  St.  George's  Sound,  rare.    [=Calliostoma 

filosum,  castaneum,  ligatum.  and  modestum.] 

*  In  consequence  of  the  expected  arrival  of  fresh  materials,  this  report  has  been 
corrected  and  continued  up  to  the  period  of  going  to  press. 
Warrington  Free  Museum  and  Library,  Aug.  1st,  -1864. 

3 


. 

518  REPORT— 1863. 

No.   Plate.   Fig. 

43  13,14  1.  Buccinum  liratum,  Mart.     St.  George's  Sound,  most  rare.  [=-F.  de- 

cemcostutm  (Say),  Midd.,  =MidckndorJfii,  Cooper.] 

44  13      2.  Buccinum  plicatum,  Mart.  [nonLinn.]     St.  George's  Sound,  common. 

[=crispatum,  4- compositurn,  Chemn.,  =lactuca,  £c.,  Esch.l 

46  15       1.  Buccinum  lima,  Mart.    St.  George's  Sound,  rare.    [Probably  P.  decem- 

costata,  Midd. ;  the  variety  with  numerous  ribs  and  flattened  spire.] 

47  15       2.  Buccinum  saturum,  Mart.    St.  George's  Sound,  most  rare.     [Like 

Chr.  liratus,  with  keels  evanescent.] 
62    20      2.  Haliotis  pulcherrima,  Mart.    St.  George's  Sound,  most  rare.    [Pacific 

Is.] 

66    24      1.  Purpura  foliata,  Mart.     North-west  Coast  of  N.  America,  rare. 
76    26      4.  Trochus  pulligo,  Mart.     Sfc.  George's  Sound,  common. 
80    28      2.  Pectunculus  corbis,  Mart.    Pulo-Condore,  most  rare.  [=Cimft'«m  JVwtf- 

fo/&Y,  Conr.,  teste  Desh.  Cum.  The  figure  is  not  so  accurate  as  most 

of  the  others ;  but  the  colouring  is  characteristic.] 
153    53       1.  Pecten  ruUdus,  Mart,  [non  Hds.]    Newfoundland,  rare.    [=P.  Islan~ 

dicus,  Mull.] 

Many  of  the  figures  of  Martyn  were  reproduced  by  Chemnitz,  in  his  com- 
prehensive continuation  of  Martini's  '  Conchylien  Cabinet,'  1780-1705.  Un- 
happily, though  often  quoted  for  generic  and  specific  names,  he  did  not  adopt 
the  binomial  nomenclature  (except  in  vol.  xi.),  but  described  each  shell  in 
two  or  more  words,  as  it  happened.  For  this  reason  he  appears  to  have  had 
no  scruple  in  altering  previous  designations,  as  follows : — 

1538,  1539.  Murex  Purpura  alata,  "  Mart.  Conch.  Un.  vol.  ii.  f.  66,  Leaved  Purpura 
foliata  from  N.W.  coast  of  America." 

1634  . .  Murex  Glomus  cereus,  seu  Cereus  conglomcratus,  "  Mart.  vol.  ii.  f.  43, 
Ridged  Buccinum  liratum  from  King  George's  Sound." 

Yign.  21,  f.  A,  B.  Buccinum  compositum,  "  Mart.  Un.  Couch,  vol.  ii.  f.  44 ;  Plaited 
Buccinum  from  King  George's  Sound." 

Vign.  23,  f.  A,  B.  Trochus  gibberosus  Nov&  Zelandics.  "Forster's  Cat.  no.  1374;  La 
Raboteuse  de  la  nouvelle  Zelande. — Mart.  Un.  Conch,  vol.  i.  f.  31 ; 
Rugged  Trochus  inesqualis  from  Friendly  Is." 

1579,  1580.  Trochus  doliarius,  "  Mart.  vol.  i.  f.  32,  Fluted  Trochus  canaliculatus  from 
N.  Zealand." 

1581,  1582.  Trochus  virgineus,  "Favanne,  Conch,  pi.  79.  f.  1.  vol.  ii.  p.  342 ;  id.  Cat. 
Rais.  no.  1352,  p.  269;  Le  Sabot  Magellanique. — Mart.  Un.  Conch, 
vol.  i.  f.  33;  Ringed  Trochus  annulatus  from  N.  Zealand. — Cab.  Mus. 
Portl.  no.  1240;  the  Purpled-edged  Trochm;  item,  no.  1970,  a  large 
and  fine  specimen  of  the  Purple-edged  Trochus  from  the  N.W.  coast 
of  America;  rare."  [=  T.  ccelatm,  var.  /3.  Gmel.,  teste  Dillw.  vol.  ii. 
p.  800.] 

1802,1803.  Buccinum  crispatum.  "The  furbelowed  Whelk."  [=j&.  pticatum, 
Mart.,  non  Ln.] 

1841, 1842.  Murex  amplustrf.  N.W.  coast  of  America.  [This  erroneous  locality 
is  copied  from  the  Portland  Cat..  The  species  is  quoted  from  Buc- 
cinum (Latirus)  aplustre,  Mart.,  no.  3.  pi.  1.  f.  3,  where  it  is  rightly 
assigned  to  the  Friendly  Is.  =M.  araus.  var.  y.  Gniel.,  teste  Dillw. 
vol.  ii.  p.  735.] 

The  assignment  of  West  American  species  to  New  Zealand,  begun  by 
Martyn,  has  continued  a  source  of  error  to  the  present  time.  It  occurs  in 
Dr.  Gould's  'Exploring  Expedition  Mollusca,'  in  the  Cumingian  Collection, 
and  in  the  British  Museum. 

In  the  l  Travels  in  New  Zealand,'  by  Ernest  Dieffenbach,  M.D..  London, 
1843,  vol.  i.  pp.  228-264,  is  given  a  "  Catalogue  of  the  Species  of  MolluBca 
and  their  Shells,  whi<-h  have  hi>horto  been  recorded  as  found  at  New  Zealand," 
&c.,  by  J.  E.  Gray.  Ihe  author  -jjrwnisea  that  some  oi'  the  species  [marked  *] 

4 


ON  MOLLTT?CA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  519 

assigned  by  the  older  writers  may  be  found  erroneously  placed.  The  follow- 
ing- are  probably  from  the  West  coast  of  North  America,  with  the  synonymy 
as  understood  by  Dr.  Gray : — 

Page.        No. 

229  8.  Murex  foliatm,  Gmel.  3329.  =  M.  purpura  data,  Chemn.  x.  pi.  169.  f.  1538- 
9;  Wood's  Cat.  f.  13.  Purpura  foliata,  Mart.  U.  C.  ii.  66.— Hub.  N. 
Zealand,  Humphreys.  King  George's  Sound,  Martyn.  ["=3f.  triptervs, 
Kien. :  non  M  tripterus,  Bora  et  auct.  =trialatus,  Kien."  teste  Hani.] 
229  9.  Murex  lyratus,  G  nel.  3531.=3f.  glomus  cereus,  Chem.  x.  pi.  169.  f.  1634. 
— Buccinum  lyratum,  Martyn,  U.  C.  ii.  f.  43. — Hob.  N.  Zealand,  King 
George's  Bay,  Martyn. 

233  43.  Purpura  lamellosa,= Buccinum  I,  Gmel.,  Wood's  Cat.  f.  6Q.=Btic.  pli- 
calwn,  Martyn,  U.  C.  ii.  f.  41.  =Buc.  compositum,  Chemn.  x.  179,  vign. 
21.  f.  A,  ft.  =  Buc.  crispatum,  Chemn.  xi.  84,  pi.  187.  f.  1802-3.  Murex 
cr.,  Lam.  174. — Hob.  N.  Zealand,  King  George's  Sound,  Chemn.,  Mar- 
tyn. Coast  of  Columbia. 

237  *71.  Ziziphinus  canaliculatus.  Troclius  c..  Martyn,  U.  C.  pi.  32,=  Tr.  doliarius, 
Chemn.  x.  f.  1579-80 ;  Wood's  Cat.  f.  96.— Hab.  N.  Zealand,  Martyn. 
California,  Capt.  Belcher,  R.N. 

*72.  ZizipJnnus  annulatus.     Trochus  a.,  Martyn,  U.  C.  pi.  33.  =  T.  virgineus, 
Chemn.  x.  f.  1581-2  j  Wood's  Cat.  f.  98.  =  Tr.  ccelatus,  £.,  Gmel.—  Hab. 
N.  Zealand,  Martyn.     California,  Capt.  Belcher. 
243     113.  Bulla  Quoyii,  Gray,  n.  s.=J?.  striata,  Q.  &  G.,  Voy.  Astr.  ii.  354,  pi.  26. 

f.  8,  9,  non  Lam. — Hab.  N.  Zealand,  Quoy,  Stanger. 

But  the  first  authentic  information  on  the  molluscs  of  the  North-western 
coast  is  given  in  the  '  Voyage  Round  the  World,  but  more  particularly  to  the 
N.W.  Coast  of  America,'  by  Capt.  George  Dixon,  London,  1789:  to  which  is 
added  a  Natural  History  Appendix. 
Page  355,  fig.  2.  Solen  patulus  *.     Cook's  River.     [= Machara  Nuttalli,  Conr.] 

In  the  '  Conchology,  or  Natural  History  of  Shells/  by  George  Perry,  Lon- 
don, 1811,  a  work  of  no  little  pretension,  yet  singularly  inaccurate,  are  figured 
the  following  species,  but  without  authorities  for  the  assigned  localities : — 

*  As  this  extract  is  probably  the  first  description  on  record  of  molluscs  from  the  Pacific 
shores  of  N.  America,  by  the  original  collector,  and  as  the  book  is  rarely  to  be  met  with, 
it  may  be  interesting  to  quote  the  passage : — 

"  At  the  mouth  of  Cook's  River  [lat.  59°-61°]  are  many  species  of  shell-fish,  most  of 
them,  I  presume,  nondescript ;  and  of  all  which  I  should  have  endeavoured  to  have  got 
specimens,  had  business  permitted.  Among  the  bivalves  we  noticed  some  of  a  large  spe- 
cies, of  the  Cardium  or  cockle-genus  \_Cardium  corbis,  Mart.],  half-a-dozen  of  which  would 
have  afforded  a  good  supper  for  one  person  ;  but,  for  a  repast  of  that  kind,  our  men  pre- 
ferred a  large  species  of  the  Solen  genus,  which  they  got  in  quantity,  and  were  easily  dis- 
covered by  their  spouting  up  the  water  as  the  men  walked  over  the  sands  where  they  in- 
habited :  as  I  suppose  it  to  be  a  new  kind,  I  have  given  a  figure  of  it  in  the  annexed  plate 
[Solen  patulus ;  accurate  external  and  internal  views,  size  of  life].  'Tis  a  thin  brittle  shell, 
smooth  within  and  without :  one  valve  is  furnished  with  two  front  and  two  lateral  teeth 
[the  '  laterals '  are  the  nymphse  for  the  ligament]  ;  the  other  has  one  front  and  one  side 
tooth,  which  slip  in  between  the  others  in  the  opposite  valve :  from  the  teeth,  in  each  valve, 
proceeds  a  strong  rib,  which  extends  to  above  halfway  across  the  shell,  and  gradually  loses 
itself  towards  the  edge,  which  is  smooth  and  sharp.  The  colour  of  the  outside  is  white, 
circularly,  but  faintly,  zoned  with  violet,  and  is  covered  with  a  smooth  yellowish-brown 
epidermis,  which  appears  darkest  where  the  zones  are :  the  inside  is  white,  slightly  zoned, 
and  tinted  with  violet  and  pink.  The  animal,  as  in  all  species  of  this  genus,  protrudes 
beyond  the  ends  of  the  shell  very  much,  and  is  exceeding  good  food. — A  fine  specimen  of 
this  kind  is  in  the  Collection  of  John  Swainson,  Esq.,  of  the  Custom  House,  London. — We 
saw  also,  on  this  coast,  a  kind  of  muscle,  in  colour  and  shape  much  like  the  common  eat- 
able muscle  of  Europe,  but  differed  in  being  circularly  wrinkled,  and  a  great  deal  larger 
\_Mytilus  Californianus,  Conr.].  One  valve  I  saw  at  Queen  Charlotte's  Islands  measured 
above  nine  inches  and  a  half  in  length. — With  pieces  of  these  muscles,  sharpened  to  an  ex- 
quisite edge  and  point,  the  Indians  head  their  harpoons  and  other  instruments  for  fishing 
They  fasten  them  on  with  a  kind  of  resinous  substance." — Dixon  s  'Voyage.' 

5 


520  REPORT— 18C3. 

9  4.  Poh/plex  gracilis  \  =  TropTion  mufticostatus,  Esch.].     N.Zealand. 

29  5.  Melania  striata.   New  California.    [All  the  figures  of  '  Melania  '  on  this  plate 

represent  large  B-ulimi,  perhaps  from  S.  America.] 

85  4.   Cerithium  reticulatum.     IS  ew  California. 

44  2.  Haustrum  pictum  \_  =  Purpura  planospird^.     East  Indies. 

44  3.  Haustrum  dentex  [  =  P-  cohimellaris}.     Nootka  Sound:  only  2  sp.  known, 

44  4.  Haustrum  tuberctdatum  [  =  P.  patulu,  jun.].     ? — 

41  3.   Olica  Leveriana  [  =  O.  porphyria~\.     ? — 

47  2.  Trochus  decarinaius  [==•  Calliostoma  canalicidatum].     N.  Zealand. 

68  2.    Venus  radiata  [  =  Callista  lupinaria].     N.  Zealand. 

The  common  Calif ornian  Haliotis  was,  it  seems,  first  described  in  the 
•Zoological  Miscellany/  by  Dr.  W.  E.  Leach,  vol.  i.  1814*. 
Page  131,  pi.  58.  Haliotis-  Cracherodii,  Leach.     California. 

Solander  made  use  of  the  materials  he  had  collected  in  Cook's  Voyage,  in 
compiling  a  work  on  Conchology  of  considerable  merit.  Dillwyn  made  a  copy 
of  it,  and  used  it  in  preparing  his  own,  allowing  priority  to  its  specific  names ; 
but  it  was  never  published.  The  types  were  lately  parted-with  by  the  Lin- 
nean  Society,  who  had  determined  not  to  keep  any  collections  except  those  of 
Linnaeus.  The  '  Descriptive  Catalogue  of  Recent  Shells,'  &c.,  by  L.  W.  Dill- 
wyn :  London,  1817,  is  considered  by  Dr.  Gray  to  be  the  best  conchological 
work  arranged  according  to  the  old  system.  The  following  are  quoted  from 
the  West  Coast : — 

Vol.  Page. 

i.     301.  Mytilus  frons,  Linn.  =  Ostrea  frons,  Sol.    Callone.   Acapulco,  Humphreys ; 

West  Indies,  auct. 

i.     469.   Cyprcca  pustulata,  Sol.     Acapulco. 
ii.     617.  Buccinum  plumbeum,  Chemn.     California.     [Monoceros,  PS.  America.] 

Following  Dillwyn,  and  nearly  eclipsing  his  fame  through  the  originality 
and  excellence  of  his  classification,  appeared  Lamarck's  '  Animaux  sans  Ver- 
tebres,'  1818-1822.  Coordinate  with  or  preceding  this  work  are  his  Articles 
in  the  '  Annales  du  Museum  '  and  the  '  Encyclopedic/  The  fresh  sources  of 
his  information  are  quoted  in  the  first  Report,  p.  169. 

In  Delessert's  '  Recueil,'  1841,  are  figured 

PI.    2,  fig.  1.  Solen  ambiguus,  Lam.  [  =  £  rudis,  C.  B.  Ad.]    "Les  mers  d'Amerique." 
PI.  19,  fig.  2.  Cytherea  semilamellosa,  Gaudichaud  [=  C.  lupinaria].     China  Seas. 

In  Deshayes'  invaluable  edition  of  the  '  An.  s.  Vert.,'  Paris,  1835-45,  are 
quoted  a  variety  of  West  Coast  species  which  have  already  appeared  under 
their  original  authorities.  The  following  may  be  added  : — 

Vol.   Page. 

viii.  2o2.  Sulimus  Mexicamis,  ~L&m.  =  Helix  vittata,  Fer.     Mexico. 

ix.       33.  Haliotis  Californiensis,  Swains.  =  If.  glabra,  Desh.     California. 

ix.     357.  Pleurotoma  tubercidifera,  Br.  &  Sby.     California. 

ix.     684.  Murex  radix,  Gme\.=M.  melanomathos  (pars),  Dill w.     Acapulco. 

ix.     G05.  Murex  foliatus,  Gmel.=Jf.  tripterus,  Kien.     N.W.America.  "?  India." 

The  last  of  the  early  writers  whose  works  should  here  be  quoted,  and  whose 
ideas  on  the  relations  of  genera  were  considerably  in  advance  of  the  age,  though 
somewhat  fanciful, is  Swainson,  in  his  'Zoological  Illustrations/  1820-1833; 
'Appendix  to  the  Sale  Catalogue  of  Mrs.  Bligh's  Shells/  1822;  and  <Exoti<t 
Conchology/  1821-1835,  reissued  by  Hanley,  1841.  These  works  contain 
the  following  West  Coast  species  :— 

*  This  work  has  been  translated  into  French,  and  republished,  by  Chcnu ;  where  the 
same  sp«x:s§  is  found  on  page  8,  pi.  3.  f.  2. 

6 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  XORTH  AMERICA. 

2,  JSaKotis  rufescem,  Swains.    (Ditto  in  Exot.  Conch,  ed.  ii.  p.  34.)    Galapagos  [?j 
and  California. 

4.  Cassis  [Malea]  ring  ens.  Swains.     ? — 

5.  Cassis  corrugata,  Swains.     Native  of  the  Galapagos. 
5.  Harpa  crenata,  Swains.     ? — 

8.  Strombus  granulatus,  Swains.     ? — 
Eiot  Conch.  Plate. 

86.   Conus princeps,  Ln.=  C.  regius,  Martini,  Lam.  (C.  P.  var.  /3.,  Ln.=  C.  ebraus.) 

Asiatic  Ocean. 
97  (middle  figure).  Marginella  primnm,Gmel.,  Martini  =  Voluta  plumbea,  Sol.  MS. 

Africa.0   [The  pinched  W.  Indian  form.] 
182.   Cyprcea  spadicea,  Swains.,  Tilloch's  Phil.  Mag.  vol.  Ixi.  p.  376.     South  Seas 

(Mawe). 

80.  Haliotis  Californiensis,  Swains.     [Figured  with  9  small  holes.]     1821. 
65.  Solen  amUguus,  Lam.     N.  America,  1820.     [This  shell  is  conspecilic  with  tho 

"  8.  medius,  Alashka,''  of  the  B.  M.  Coll. ;  differing  somewhat  from  the  S. 

ambiguus  as  figured  by  Delessert.     The  B.  M.  locality  is  perhaps  erroneous.] 

24.  Valenciennes9  Memoir  on  Numb,  and  Bonpl.,  1833. — The  following 
notes  are  from  a  study  of  the  complete  copy  in  the  Libr.  Hoy.  Coll.  Surgeons. 

221.  Donax  radiata  [=var.  of  D.  punctatostriatus,  Hani.  1843]. 
219.    Venus  succincta  \_=Chione  Californiensis,  Brod.  1835]. 
245.  Bulimus  undatus.     [The  Caribbean,  not  the  Mexican,  type  is  here  figured.] 
267.  Haliotis  Calif orniana  \_  =  H.  rufescens,  Swains.,  not  II.  Californiensis,  Swains."). 
267.  (Add)  Haliotis  interrupta,  Val.     Tropical  America.     [The  description  accords 
with  the  young  of  //.  Cracherodii,  Leach.] 

277.  Cerithium  musica.     [Description  accords  with  C.  maculosum,  Kien.] 

278.  Cerithium  granosum  [=  Cerithidea  r>aricosa~\. 

279.  Cerithium  fragaria  \_  =  Rhi nod  avis  gemmata,  lids.]. 
282.   Cerithium  varicosum  [=  Cerithidea  caricosa,  Sby.]. 

308.  Strombus  cancellatus.     Closely  resembles  jRostellaria  fissurella,  from  Grignon. 

[Probably  E.  Indian.] 

838.   Conus  scalaris  [=  C.  gradatus  (Mawe),  Wood's  Suppl.]. 
270.  Solarium  bicanaliculdtum.     Small  species,  like  S.  Herberti,  Desh.  Enc. 

265.  Natica  JBonplandi.     [The  figure  exactly  represents  Neverita  palula,  Sby.] 

266.  (Add)  Natica  uber,  Val.     Cumana. 

317.  Purpura  semi-imbricata,  Lam.  [An.  s.  Vert.  vol.  x.  p.  84,  no.  39  ;  not  since 
identified  from  the  brief  description.  Perhaps  =Cuma  costata,  Blainv.] 

287.  Fusvs  turris  \_  =  F.  Dupetithouarsii,  Kien.]. 

290.  Fmus  Magellanicus  "  —Buc.  Geversianum,  Pallas,  —Murex  Peruvianus,  Enc. 
Meth." 

295.  Ficula  Jicoidcs  [?  =  decussata]. 

296.  Pyrula  spirata  [?  =Rapa,  Jim.]. 

25.  Coquille. — All  the  limpets  quoted  are  South  American. 

26.  EsJischoltz. — The  following  observations  may  be  useful  to  the  student : 

Page. 

10.  Murex  ferruginem  [  =  Purp.  crispata,  Chemn..  var. ;  varices  few,  scarcely  frilled]. 

11.  Murex  lactuca  \  =  l\irpura  crispata,  Chemn.]. 

11.  Murex  multicostatus  [is  not  Trophon  clathratus,  as  supposed  bv  Midd. ;  but  pro- 
bably =  T.  Gunneri.  It  resembles  T.  laciniatum,  Mart.  (Falkland  Is. )  on  a 
small  scale ;  varices  coronated,  without  spiral  sculpture]. 

16.  Acmcea.  [Genus  described  in  the  Appendix  to  Kotzebue's  §econd  Voyage,  1830. 
p.  350 ;  somewhat  before  Tectura,  teste  Woodward.] 

18.  Acmcea  mamiUata.     [The  ' crowded  tubercles'  were  perhaps  due  to  nullipore.] 

19.  Acmcea  cassis  [if  a  northern  shell,  is  perhaps  the  strongly  ribbed  var.  of  peUa  • 

but  the  figure  accoi'ds  best  with  the  Cape  Horn  species,  P.  cenea,  Mart.]. 

20.  Acmcea  digitalis  [is  perhaps  distinct  from  the  variable  persona ;  but  passes  into 

it  by  easy  transitions]. 

7 


522  KEPORT— 1863. 

Page. 

21.  Fissurella  aspera  [=Glyphis  Lincolni,  Gray,  =  cratitia,  Gld.     But  Gl  densida- 
fhrata,  Eve,  is  probably  distinct ;  Sta  Barbara,  Jewett,  Cooper']. 

27.  Tanlcerville  Cat.,  1825. — The  following  species  are  also  from  the  West 
Coast.     The  prices  are  added  from  the  British  Museum  copy,  as  a  record  of 
their  former  rarity  : — 

No.    App.  page.      Price. 

70  10s.  Solen  ambiguus. 

101  15s.   Tellina  operculata. 

162  5s.  Tellina  jmnicea. 

206  £10  10s.  LucinaChildreni  [described  by  Gray  in  Ann.  Phil.l824;v.  also 

Zool.  Journ.  vol.  i.  1825,  pp.  221-2.  There  is  no  authority 
for  the  statement  that  it  came  from  Brazil.  The  Br.  Mus. 
specimens  are  from  "  Mus.  Cracherode/'  and  are  probably 
West  Coast.  The  only  known  locality  is  Cape  St.  Lucas.j 

1293  30s.   T  ochus  anmdatus. 

1294  20s.  Trochus  doliarius. 
1690  10s.  Murex  crispatns. 
1842                          los.  Purpura  patula. 
1855                         20s.  Purpura  planospira, 
1896                         45s.  Harpa  crenata. 
2240                         15s.   Cyprcea  spadicea. 
2251  2s.   Cyprcea  albitginosa. 

2330  xxxii  15s.  6'iva  splendidula.     Hal.*— 

2332  xxxiii  2s.  6d.  Oliva  biplicata.     West  Coast  North  America. 

2333  xxxiv  2s.  Oliva  columellaris.     ? — 
2347  £5  5s.  Conus  regius. 

The  „  in  Rep.,  p.  174,  should  have  been  omitted,  except  at  no.  808,  p.  vi.  No. 
1401  is  described,  on  p.  xii,  as  from  Newfoundland.  No.  1786  should  have  no 
page-reference. 

In  the  '  Zoological  Journal/  London,  1824-1829,  appear  descriptions  of  the 
following  species : — 

Pag'- 

Vol.  i.    March  1824,  60.  Natica patula,  Sby.    "Brought  from  S.  America  by 

M.  de  Humboldt.     2  specimens  only  known."* 

„  Oct.  1824,  369.   Cyprcea  subrostrata,  Gray.     Nehoue  (Mus.  Sby.). 

['Probably  fossil'  (Gray)  :  a  white,  smooth  spe- 
cies, not  to  be  confounded  with  Trivia  subrostrata.~] 

„          Jan.  1825,  510.   Cyprcea  albuginosa,  Mawe,  pi.  7.  f.  2 ;  pi.  12.  f.  2.   Cali- 

fornia.    Named,  without  description,  in  Mawe's 
Cat.  (=  C.  poraria,  var.,  Duel. :  Z.  J.  iv.  p.  68.) 
513.   Cyprcea  pustidata,  Sol.    S.  Coast  of  Mexico.    China. 

Vol.  iii.  Jan.  1827,  70.  Hinnites  giganteus  (Sby.).  P—  [  =  ZT.  Poulsoni,  Conr. 

Calif. ]  =  ffinnita  gigantea,  Gray,  Ann.  Phil.  Aug. 
1826.  —Lima  gigantea,  Id.  in  loc.  cit.  [non  J.  Sby.] 
„       Sept  1827,  363.   Cyprcea  subrostrata,  Gray  [bis,  Trivial.     ?— 

364.  Cyprcea  radians,  Lam.  =  C.  oniscus,  Dillw.  =  C.  pedi- 

'  culus,  p.,  Gmel.-f  C.  costata,  Dillw.     W.  Coast  of 
Mexico,  ?  Adriatic. 

365.  Cyprcea  Californiana,  Gray  [  Trivia].     California. 
Vol.  iv.  Jan.  1828,      145-162.  Monograph  of  Ovulum,  by  fer.  B.  Sowerby,  containing 

the  species  afterwards  figured  in  the  Spec.  Conch. 

28.  Beecheifs  Voyage. — Increased  study  has  supplied  the  following  cor- 
rections : — 

*  At  p.  511,  note  *,  Dr.  Gray  states  that  the  Natica  patula,  Barnes,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat. 
Hist.  N.  Y.,  Sept.  1824,  i.  133,  is  "  the  shell  described  under  that  name  by  Sby.  As  them 
is  another  N.  patula  [?  ubi],  must  be  called  by  Mr.  Barnes's  MS.  name  of  N.  helicoides? 
Also  that  Dolium  dentuium,  Barnes,  loc.  cit. =22.  ringenst  Sby. 

8 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  523 

Page. 

Z.  J.  372.  Naticapallida  [=Lunatia  caurina,  G\&.,-±soluta,  Gld.]. 
372.  Natica  otis.  [V&r.  =  Polimcesfusca,  Cpr.] 
372.   Natica  clausa  [=JV.  Beverlii,  Leach,  MS.  in  B.  M.]. 

378.  Fusm  lapillus= Hue.  subrostratum,  Gray.     [Resembles  the  smooth, 

stumpy  form  of  Purpura  plicata,  Mart. :    "  perfectly  distinct," 
teste  Hani.] 

379.  Conus  arcuatus  [as  figured  in  Z.  B.  V.,  is  a  very  different  shell  from 

that  in  Mus.  Cum.  and  the  monographs ;  the  latter  is  allied  to  C. 

tornatus], 

379.   Conus  interruptus  [resembles  the  broad  form  of  C.  mahogani]. 
Z.  B.  V.    130.  (Add)  Oliva  semistriata,  Gray,  pi.  36.  f.  10.  Hob.  ?—  [Panama,  &c.] 
1 19.   Conus  Ximenes  [scarcely  differs  from  C.  mahogani,  var.  in  Mus.  Cum.]. 
132.  [Should  be]  Aqaronia  [et  passim]. 

147.  (Add)  Mouretia  Peruviana,  Sby.  (P.  Z.  S.  1835,  p.  G)  pi.  39.  f.  6,  6'. 

[Also  Margarita  Bay,  teste  Pease.! 

148.  Patella  Mazatlandica.    [This  is  the  Sandwich  Islands  species,  =P. 

exarata,  Nutt.,  teste  Haul.     The  large  specimens  quoted  are  pro- 
bably P.  talcosa,  Gld.] 

150.  CJiama  echinata.     [Further  series  of  specimens  make  it  doubtful 

whether  this  be  not  a  distinct  species  from  C.frondosa,  var.    The 
original  sculpture  has  not  yet  been  detected.] 

151.  [Should  be]  Cytherea  biradiata. 

152.  (Add)  Cardita  borealis,  Conr.  (=="Arcturus  rudis,  Humphr.")  pi.  44. 

f.  1.     [Probably  from  near  icy  Cape.     Mus.  Belcher.] 

The  types  of  the  species  described  from  this  important  voyage  have  been 
scattered.  Some  have  been  identified  from  Admiral  Sir  E.  Belcher's  Collec- 
tion, which  he  kindly  allowed  me  to  examine  for  that  purpose ;  others  are 
in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Hanley  ;  but  many  appear  hopelessly  lost. 

29.  Wood's  Ind.  Test. — In  Hanley's  Revised  Edition  of  this  important 
work  (London,  1856),  several  new  localities  are  added  from  the  writer's 
varied  experience,  and  the  synonymy  is  most  carefully  elaborated.  No  other 
book  contains  such  a  mass  of  trustworthy  information  on  the  old  species  in  so 
small  a  compass.  The  following  are  quoted,  either  as  original  authorities,  or 
for  locality  or  synonymy  : — 

Page.     Fig. 

2  10.  Chiton  ttmicatus,  Wood,  Gen.  Conch.  1815,  pi.  2.  f.  1  \_  =  Katherina 

Douglasite,  Gray].     Sitka. 

3  18.  Chiton  Imeatus,  Wood,  Gen.  Conch.  1815,  pi.  2.  f.  4,  5.     Sitcha, 

North  Calif.     [Mr.  Hanley  believes  that  Sitka  is  the  island  in 
lat.  58°,  and  that  Sitcha  is  in  the  district  now  known  as  Wash- 
ington Territory,  olim  Oregon.] 
3    20.  Chiton  sukatus,  Wood,  Gen.  Conch.  1815,  pi.  3.  f.  1.     Galapagos. 

19     16.  Solen  maxima*,  Wood,  Gen.  Conch.  1815,  pi.  31.  f.  3  [  =  £  patulus, 
Dixon.    N.W.  America],     Sandw.  Is. 

21      8.  Tellina  rugosa,  Born.     Is.  of  Opara,  New  California.  [Pacific  Is.] 

27    73.  Tellina  muricata,  Chemn.  =  Zwcma  scabra,  Rve.     Mexico. 

82    97.  Conus  pusillus,  Wood :  non  Chemn.  nee  Lam.  [nee  Gld.]  =  C.punc- 
ticulatus,  var.,  Lam.  (quasi  Brug.)     Mexico. 

88  31.  Cyprceaonyx, Gray  (quasi  Lin.)  =zC.adusta,  Chemn.  [Pacific  Is.  The 

San Diegan  shell  is  closely  allied, —Luponia  spadiceaJ[    'Calif.' 

89  35.   Volutaincrassata,Dillw.;  posterior  to  O.angulata^&m*  Centr.Am. 
183     14.  Haliotis  Cracherodii,  Leach —Jf.  glabra,  Schub.  1829,  non.  Chemn.. 

et  auct.     Calif. 
Suppl.  201      3.  lellina  lutea,  Gray  =  T.  alternidentata,  Br.  &  Sby.  =  Z  Guilfordia- 

Gray,  in  Griff.  Cuv.  pi.  19.  f.  2.     Icy  Cape. 

202       1.  Donax  scalpellum,  Gray,  Ann.  Phil.  1825,  ix.  166 ^  =Z>.. elongate. 
Mawe,  Conch,  pi.  &  £  6,  1823.    Calif. 
9 


524  REPORT — 1863. 

Page.    Fig. 

BeppL  "202      2.  Donax  stuUorum,  Mawe,  1.  c.  pi.  9.  f.  7 ;  =  Trigona  st,  Grny,  Anal  vst, 
1838.     ?  S.  America  [  =  Tr.  crassatelloide's,  j un.     Calif.]. 

204  5,   Chama  crassicostata=.  Venericardia  c.,  Sby.,  Tank.  Cat.  p.  4.  =  Car- 

dita  Cuvieri,  Brod.,  P.  Z.  S.  1832.  =  C.  Michelini,  Val.    Acapulco. 

205  11.  Area  pectimformis,  Gr&y(Pectunculus),  non  Lam.  =  P.  iiicequalis,  Sby. 
208       6.   Conus  qradatus,  Mawe.     Calif.  [=  C.  scalaris,  Val.  1     Pan. 

211  25.  Valuta  lens,  Mawe.     Pan. 

211  26.  Valuta  harpa,  Mawe,  Conch.  Front,  f.  2.  1823;  =  V.  nucleus,  Lam. 
'                                  S.  Pacific. 

211  33.  Voluta  nux,  B.M.  =  Oliva  biplicata,  Sby.,  Tank.  Cat.     Calif. 

212  38.  Voluta  tenebrosa,  Mawe=O.  undatdla,  Duel.  (Lam.)     Pan. 
212  4.  Buccinum  tenue,  Mawe  =  Cassis  Massena,  Kien.     Galapag-os. 

212  7.  Buccinum  distortum,  Swains.,  Bligh's  C&t.=  Columbella  tnumnhalis 

Duel.  [Clavella].     W.  Columbia. 

213  10.  Buccinum  brevidentatum,  Mawe=P«r^?.  cornigera,  Blainv.  =  P.  ocel- 

lata,  Kien.     W.  Columbia. 

213     11.  Buccinum  denticulatum,  Mawe )  =Monoceros  lugubre,   Sby.   Gen. 
213     12.  Buccinum  armatum,  Mawe       j  Calif. 

213     13.  Buccinum  tectum,  Mawe=Pwrj??.  callosa,  Sby.  Gen.,  non  Lam.=P. 

anguliferttj  Kien.  (Ducl.)=  Cuma  sidcata,  Swains.  Mai.     Pan. 

213  15.  Buccinum  planaxis,  Mawe=P/.  planicosta,  Sby.  =  P.  canaliculata, 

Duval,  Rev.  Zool.  1840,  p.  107.   Pan.    \_Purp.  canaliculata,  Duel., 
is  quite  distinct.] 

214  25.  Buccinum  elongatum,  Mawe=  Terebra  strigata,  Sby.,  Tank.  Cat.=a 

T.  zebra,  Kien.     Pan. 

215  15.  Strombus  bituberculatus,  B.M.,  non  auct.  =  $£;*.  Peruvianus,  Swains.. 

Phil.  Mag.  62.     W.  Columb. 

216  3.  Murex  rigidus,  B.M.==^^^c.  nodatum,  Martyn= Murex  n.,  Gmel., 

Dillw.=  Turbinetta  rigida,  Gray.  Pan.  [Probably  the  Pacific  sp.l 

217  10.  Murex  sanguineus,  Mawe=  Turbinella  varicosa,  Rve.    Galapag-os. 

217  14.  Murex  salmo,  ^la,we—Fasciolaria^ranosa,  Kien.,  as  of  Brod.,  P"Z.  S. 

1832.     Panama. 

218  1.  Trochus  vndosm,  Wood=  T.  undatus,  Mawe,  Conch,  no.  146  (not 

described) ;  =  T.  balcenarum,  Val.     Calif. 

219  4.  Trochus pellis-serpentis,  Mawe  =  Tegula  elcgans,  Less. ,  111.  Zool.  pi.  50 ; 

=  Tr.  strigilatus,  Phil,  (quasi  Anton)  Abbild.  pi.  2.  f.  9.     Pan. 
225    45.   Turbo  saxosus,  Ma,we=;Marmorostoma  undulata,  b wains.,  Zool.  111. 

s.  2.     Pan. 
233       6.  Haliotis  corrugata,  Mawe,  Conch,  no.  181.  ?=//.  nodosa,  Phil.  Abbil. 

pi.  2.     Calif. 
233       3.  Patella  peziza,  Gra,y=Dispot<zaByronensis,  Gray,  Enc.  Metr.  Moll. 

pi.  4.  f .  4  =[?  Cfucibulum  spmosum,  var.j.     Chill. 

31.  Voy.  Beagle. — The  Triton  scaber  is  rightly  assigned  to  S.  America: 
there  is  no  satisfactory  evidence  for  its  appearance  on  the  N.W.  coast.  The 
shells  so  quoted  are  probably  either  imported  from  the  Magellan  district,  or 
are  Priene  Oregonensis,  jun.,  or  Ocinebra,  var.  aspera. 

36.  Duclos. — The  original  article  is  in  the  '  Annales  Nat.  Sc.,'  May  1832, 
and  contains  the  following  species : — 

Paf  c.  Plate.    Fig. 

104  1       1.  Purpura  canaliculata,  Duel.,  resembles  P.  succincta  on  a  small  scale. 

Cal. ;  very  rare.    [Figured  with  10  principal  and  a  few  intercalary 
ribs.  =  P.  dccemcostata,  Midd.] 

105  1       2.  Purpura  melones,  Duel.     ? — [Panama.] 

109  2  8.  Purpura  centiquadra,  Val.  MS.  [Duel,  states  that  Val.  altered  his 
own  nam.3  to  speciosa  while  the  sheet  was  passing  through  the 
press.  The  latter,  however,  bears  date  1833.] 

Ill  2  10.  Purpura  sphceridia,  Duel.  Cal.  [A  well-known  Sistrum  from  thi 
Pacific  Is.] 

10 


ON  MOLLUSC  A  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OP  NORTH  AMERICA.  525 

The  species  quoted  in  the  text  from  Guerin,  which  appear  in  the  Mag. 
Zool.  for  1844,  also  appear  here  with  the  early  date.  OUva  polpaster,  a  south- 
ern form,  from  Guayaquil,  <fcc.,  is  distinct  from  all  varieties  of  the  Gulf  species, 
0.  Cumingii',  it  bears  date  1839.  In  the  same  vol.  are  described  and  figured  —  • 

2.  Calyptrtea   (Calypeopsis)  rugosa,  Less.      Payta,  Peru.  [  =  CrMc.  imbricatum, 

without  pits.] 
23.  Conus  hieroglyphus,  Duel.     Probably  Cal.      [A  Pacific  form,  like  C.  abbre- 


27.   Cyprcea  eglantina,  Duel.     Cal.     [A  starved  var.  of  Aricia  arabica,  Pacific  Is.] 

38.  Lady  Douglas  (afterwards  known  as  Lady  Wigram).  —  Placunanomia 
tepio.     [The  type  is  an  old  shell,  with  faint  ribs.] 

Placunanomia  alope.  [The  type  is  a  young  shell,  with  small  scars  and 
faint  ribs.  The  large  series  of  specimens  examined  in  the  Smithsonian  col- 
lections proves  that  these  forms  are  among  the  many  varieties  of  P.  macro- 
schisma.  The  Indians  have  a  superstitious  dread  of  handling  it.  Many  more 
species  have  since  been  detected  in  the  Brit.  Mus.,  from  the  late  Lady 
Wigram's  valuable  donations,  including  Macoma  inquinata,  Desh..  described 
from  her  specimens  ;  but,  as  they  are  evidently  from  mixed  localities,  it  has 
not  been  thought  necessary  to  catalogue  them.] 

39.  Nuttall.  —  The  verification  of  Conrad's  species  being  of  considerable 
importance,  I  made  diligent  search  for  the  original  types  during  a  recent 
tour  in  the  United  States.     The  supposed  collection  at  Harvard  University, 
Cambridge,   Mass.,  has   not  been  discovered   by  Professor  Agassiz.      The 
inquiries  which  Professor  Longfellow  kindly  made  at  my  request  resulted  in 
information  that  it  was  "  in  Dr.  Wyman's  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  in  the  granite 
building  on  Howard  Street  ;  "  but  no  opportunity  has  been  afforded  of  col- 
lating it,  or  even  of  verifying  its  existence.     Dr.  Jay  rendered  me  every 
assistance  in  studying  the  types  which  he  has  catalogued  in  his  collection, 
now  rearranging  in  his  residence  at  Memironeck,  near  New  York,  and  gave 
such  duplicates  as  could  be  spared  for  the  Smithsonian  Museum.     Several 
species,  however,  were  not  to  be  found,  and  some  were  clearly  erroneous,  as 
e.  g.  Chama  "  exogyra,  Conr.,"  which  proved  to  be  C.  lobata,  Brod.  ;  "W.  L, 
teste  Cuming  ;    China,  Brit.  Mus.     The  most  satisfactory  information  was 
derived  from  an  interview  with  Mr.  Conrad  himself  at  the  Acad.  Nat.  Sci., 
Philadelphia,  where  the  honorary  curator,  Mr.  "W.  G.  Binney,  afforded  us 
nil  possible  aid  in  eliminating  types  from  the  collections  of  the  Academy  and 
of  private  conchologists  in  the  city.     Mr.  NuttalPs  death  (the  news  of  which 
was  received  soon  after)  prevented  his  revising  the  corrections  thus  obtained. 
As  he  had  previously  presented  a  duplicate  series  of  his  shells  to  the  Brit. 
Mus.,  which  had  been  incorporated  with  the  general  collection,  and  had  sig- 
nified to  me  his  intention  to  leave  the  unique  specimens  to  the  nation,  I  at 
once  communicated  with  the  survivors  and  with  Dr.  Gray,  who  was  fortunate 
enough  to  stop  the  intended  sale,  and  to  secure  the  shells,  which  were  kindly 
presented  by  the  executors.     They  are  now  mounted,  and  kept  in  drawers 
adjoining  the    Reigen  collection,  the  Vancouver  collection,  and  the  Stimp  • 
sonian  typical  collection  of  East  Coast  N.  American  shells.     The  following 
is  a  resume  of  corrections  obtained  from  these  different  sources,  numbered  to 
correspond  with  the  list,  Rep.  pp.  194-201  :  — 

2.  "  Parapholas  "  penita  [is  a  Pholadidea]. 

3.  Platyodon  cancellatus  has  Cryptodonta  myoides,  Nutt.  MS.]. 

4.  Cryptodon  Nuttallii,  Conr.     [The  author,  finding  the  generic  name  preoccupied 

changed  it  to  Schizotharus  N.  :    1852,  teste  Bin.  Bibl.  ;    1854,  Journ.  A.  N.  t1 
Phil.  p.  199.=Zwrfra;-m  capax.  Gld.=i.  maxima.  Midd..  =  TVesws  maximus, 

11 


526  REPORT— 1863. 

Gray.  Mr.  Nuttall  only  brought  home  young  specimens  of  this  extraordinary 
shell.  In  its  adult  state  it  assumes  either  a  transverse  form  (  =  capax)  or 
the  elongated  condition,  redescribed  in  a  fossil  state  as  new.  Between 
these  there  is  every  gradation,  as  can  be  traced  in  the  magnificent  series  in 
the  Smiths.  Mus. ;  and  a  caskful  of  the  animals  in  spirits,  of  various  ages, 
has  affiliated  the  large  shells  to  the  original  Nuttallian  specimens.] 

10.  Pandora  punctata  [is  a  Clidiophora.     The  series  so  named  in  the  Nuttallian 

collection  belongs,  however,  to  the  Atlantic  Cl.  trilineata]. 

11.  Solecurtus  lucidus  [is  almost  certainly  the  young  of  no.  12.     The  amount  of 

obliquity  in  the  internal  rib  is  extremely  variable  in  the  adult  specimens]. 

12.  Solecurtus  Nuttallii  \_=Machfsra  patula,  Dixon,—Aulus  grandis,  Gmel.,  teste 

Hds.  in  Mus.  Cum.  Mr.  C.'s  "grandis,  var.,"  from  Monterey,  suits  in  its 
proportions  for  the  adult  of  S.  lucidus.  The  shell  has  been  widely  distri- 
buted by  commerce,  and  appears  to  extend  far  in  a  northerly  direction.  The 
animal  is  very  beautifully  fringed]. 

14.  Solecurtus  Californianus  \_=S.  Dombeyi,  teste  Mus.  Cuming :  non  Hani.  MS.]. 

15.  Psammobia  Pacijica  [is  a  Heterodonax,  probably  identical  with  the  W.  Indian 

H.  bimaculata,  which  is  found  abundantly  in  its  many  varieties  at  Aca- 
pulco  ;=  Tellina  vicina,  C.  B.  Ad.]. 

17.  Sanguinolaria  Calif orniana  [=Macoma  inconspicua,  Brod.  &  Sby.,  and  is  a 

northern  species]. 

18.  Sanguinolaria  rubroradiata  [is  the  young  of  a  large  species  of  Psammobia"]. 

22.  Tellina  alta  [  =  (from  types)  ? Scrobicidaria  biangulata,  Cpr.]. 

23.  [  =  Macoma  edulis,  Nutt. ;    a  northern  variety  of  M.  secta,  no.  25,  and  quite 

distinct  from  M.  edentula.~\ 

26.  The  locality  is  not  confirmed,  and  is  probably  erroneous. 

27.  [Dr.  Gould  considers  his  D.  obesus  a  distinct  species ;  from  a  large  series,  it 

appears  identical.] 

28.  29.  [These  species  of  Standella,  described  from  young  specimens,  were  found 

of  very  large  size  by  Dr.  Cooper,  with  what  may  prove  a  third  species, 

perhaps  S.  nasuta,  Gld.,  blimJ] 
306.  Petricota  carditoides  [with  P.  arcuata+cylindracea,  Desh.,  are  varieties  of  P. 

Calif  ornica.    The  series  preserved  in  the  Smithsonian  Museum  connects  all 

the  extreme  forms]. 
32.  Mysia  tumida,  Conr.  MS.  [  =  Dtplodonta  orbctta,  Gld.,  and  belongs  to  the  section 

Spheeretta,  Conr.     The  label  had  been  assigned  by  accident  to  a  young  valve 

of  a  Chione,  probably  from  the  Sandwich  Is.]. 

83.  Tapes  staminea.     [This  is  the  extreme  southern  form  of  a  widely  diffused  and 

very  variable  species,  of  which  the  normal  condition  is  Saxidomus  Petitii, 
Desh.,  =  Venus  rigida,  Gld.  pars.  The  principal  varieties  have  been  named 
Tapes  diversa,  Sby.=  Venus  mundulus,  Jive.,  and  Venus  ruderata,  Desh.] 

84.  [The  Callfornian  Saxidomi  divide  themselves  into  three  groups :   the  large, 

southern,  oval,  grooved  shells  =  &  aratus,  Gld.  j  the  subquadrate,  compara- 
tively smooth,  northern  shells =S.  squali(h<s-\-giganteus,  Desh.;  and  an 
intermediate  form,  which  is  the  true  S.  Nuttallii,  Conr.  Some  of  Mr.  Nut- 
tail's  specimens  were,  however,  the  young  of  S.  aratus,  of  which  the  adult 
was  not  known  till  very  recently.] 

85.  [The  young  of  this  Pachydesma  is  "  Trigona  stultorum,  Gray,"  Desh.  MS.  in 

British  Museum.] 

36.  Cytherea  callosa  [  =  C.  nobilis,  live.  It  is  not  a  Dosinia,  but  the  type  of  a  new 
subgenus,  Amtantis,  differing  from  Callista  as  Mercenaria  does  from  Venus], 

87.  Plate  19,  fig.  16  (not  14  nor  15).  [The  true  Venus  NuttaUii  of  Conr.  (teste 
Conr.  ips.  and  types  in  Mus.  Phil.  Ac.  and  Jay)  is  not  the  shell  here  cata- 
logued, which  generally  goes  by  that  name,  but  is  a  synonym  for  the  V. 
Calif orniensis,  T$rod.,=succmcta,  Val.  The  error  was  corrected  in  the  Mus. 
Cum.  in  time  for  the  right  shell  to  be  figured  by  Reeve  in  his  recent  mono- 
graph. It  is  doubtful  what  name  Conrad  intended  for  the  shell  here  cata- 
logued, which  belongs  to  the  group  of  Stutchburyi,Jluctifraf/a,  &c.  If  really 
distinct  from  the  latter,  it  may  stand  as  Chione  callosa,  Sby.  jun.  (non  Conr.  f] 

38.  Venus  Californiana  [(teste  Conr.  ips.)  was  intended  for  V.  CaHforniensit. 
Brod.  Not  having  access  to  the  type,  it  could  hardly  be  recognized  by  the 

12 


ON   MOLLUSCA   OF   THE   WEST   COAST   OF   NORTH   AMERICA.     527 

brief  diagnosis.  The  name  should  therefore  be  dropped.  The  shell,  pi.  19, 
fig.  15  (not  16)=Chione  simillima,  Sby.,  no.  39 ;  a  good  Lower  Californian 
species.  It  seems  that  the  error  was  not  in  numbering  of  the  figures,  as 
Mr.  Nuttall  supposed,  but  in  Conrad's  identification  of  Broderip's  species]. 

40.Chione  excavata  [is  closely  related  to  Ch.  sucdncta;  the  unique  type,  however, 
in  Brit.  Mus.  displays 'characteristic  differences  of  sculpture.  It  is  singu- 
larly like  the  W.  Indian  Ch.  cancellata,  and  may  prove  exotic]. 

^l.Cypricardia  Oalifornica  [—C.  Gumiaca,  Lam.,=  (7.  Duperryi,  Desh.  Almost 
certainly  from  the  Sandwich  Is.J. 

45,  456.  Cardium  Californianum  \_=C.  Nuttallii,  var.     The  species  is  named  "  C, 

corbis,  Mart.,"  by  Desh.  MS.  in  Mus.  Brit,  and  CumingJ. 

46.  Cardium  quadragenarium  [=  C.  luteolabrum,  Gld.]. 
51.  v.  antea,  no.  32. 

56.  Modiola  recta.  [Described  from  very  young  specimens.  The  broad  form  is 
M.Jlabellata,  Gld.] 

£9.  Mytilus  bifurcatus.  [The  type  is  lost ;  the  figure  and  description  would  suit 
many  species.  It  is  allocated,  in  Mus.  Cum.,  to  the  Californian  Sepiifer } 
but  by  Pease  to  a  Sandwich  Island  MytHus.~\ 

CO.  [None  of  Conrad's  species  of  Isogncmon  have  been  confirmed  as  from  Califor- 
nia. They  are  known  to  inhabit  the  Pacific  Islands.] 

626.  [Mr.  Nuttall  also  brought  an  oyster,  which  he  named  in  MS.  O.  latecaudata, 
=  O.  lurida,  var. ;  and  Hinnites  giganteus,  Gray,  =  -£f.  Poulsoni,  Conr.] 

64.  [Dr.  Gould  states  that  H.  NicUinin,na,  Lea,=-ff.  Calif  or niensis,  Pfrv  Chemn., 
Rve. ;  but  that  H.  Californiensi^7  Lea,  is  distinct.] 

69.  Helix  Townsendiana  [=ZT.  (eruginosa,  Gld.  MS.]. 

74.  Chiton  Nuttattii  [is  an  Ischnochiton]. 

75.  Chiton  acutus  [is  an  aberrant  form  of  Mopalia.  "  Chiton  consimilis,"  Nutt.  MS. 

in  Brit.  Mus.,  appears  to  be  Mopalia  Hindsii,  var.  "  Chiton  Calif ornicus  " 
Nutt.  MS.,  =  "  Acanthopleura"  scabra,  Rve.]. 

77.  Patella  mamillata,  Nutt.  [(non  Esch.)  is  now  assigned  in  Mus.  Cuming  to 
Acmcea  scabra,  Nutt.,  var.  limatula~]. 

83.  Fissurella  ornata,  Nutt.  [=-F-  volcano,  Rve.]. 

84.  Glyphis  densiclathrata,  Rve.  [V.  anted,,  p.  522.     The  shell  has  been  lost.] 

86.  H.  Calif orniensisj  Swains,  [(not  Californiana}  V&l.,  =  mfescens*),  is  an  extreme 
var.  of  If.  Cracherodii.  The  series  in  the  Smithsonian  Mus.  have  5,  6,  7, 
8,  and  9  holes ;  as  soon  as  it  has  10  and  11,  it  passes  into  Calif orniensis, 
which  was  figured  in  1821  with  9  holes.  When  these  are  numerous,  they 
are  generally  small  in  proportion]. 

91.  Calliostoma  doliarium  \_=C.  canaliculatum,  Mart.     This   and   C.  annulatum} 

Mart,,  are  quite  distinct  from  C.Jilosum,  which=  C.  costatum,  Mart.]. 

92.  Omphalms  ater  [is  the  S.  American  species.    The  common  Californian  shell  is] 
04.   O.  marginatm,  Nutt.  MS.  [=funebralis,  A.  Ad.]. 

976.  The  collection  contains  one  specimen  of  Crepidtda  dorsata. 
103.  [Is  a  Serpidorbis,  without  operc.,  teste  Cooper.] 

106.  Litorina  tenebrata  [should  be  patula,  Gld.  (non  Jeffr.).    Nuttall's  MS.  name 

was  published  by  Phil,  in  1845]. 

107.  Natica  ?maroccana,  var.  Calif ornica.     [The  varietal  name  must  be  dropped. 

The  shell  certainly  came  from  the  Sandwich  Islands.] 
f  108.  [The  shell  is  Vitularia  salebrosa,  jun.,  and  not]  Ranella  triquetra. 

109.  Mitra  maura  [Swain?.,  teste  Rve.  (?ubi)=Jif.  orientalis,  Gray,  =M.  "  Chi- 

lensis"  Kien.]. 

110.  Olivella  glandinaria,  Nutt.  [=O.  biplicata,  Sby.]. 

112,  113.  Purpura  aperta  and  P.  harpa  [are  certainly  from  the  Sandwich  Islands], 
114.  Purpura  emarginata  [was  described  by  Desh.  from  an  immature  specimen  in 

which  a  half-formed  knob  caused  an  il  emargination."     The  adult  is  one 

very  extreme  form;  P.  ostrina,  Gld.,  is  another ;  P.  fuscata,  Fbs.,  is  a  third. 

The  normal  condition  is  P.  lapillus,  Cooper  (non  Linn.),=Sfm'co/«,  Val. 

Mr.  Nuttall's  collection  also  contains]  P.  crispata,  var. 

116.  Monoceros  brevidens  [is  an  accidentally  short-toothed  form  of  M.  lapilloides\ 
118.   Cerostoma  Nuttallii  [with  C.foliatum  and  C.  monoceros,  Sby.,  belongs 

purida~]. 


528  REPORT— 1863. 

The  specimens  numbered  2,  5,  8,  9,  19,  21,  28-31,  36,  44,  46,  49,  50,  52-54,  50, 
59,  64-67,  70-72,  76,  84,  86-88,  98,  101,  103,  104,  and  109  do  not  appear  in  the 
Brit.  Mus.  Nuttallian  collection. 

41.  Voy.  Venus. — Eev.  Zool.  and  Guer.  Mag. 
Area  trapezia  \_  —  A.  tuberculosd]. 

Saxicava  legmnen  [  =  £/;// oladis  ;  Pfrom  hole  of  Lithojjhagus}. 
Pctricola  arcuata  [=the  normal  state  of  P.  carditoides,  Conr.j. 
Petricola  cylindracea  [=a  short  form  of  the  same  sp.;  developing  ridges  of  growth, 

like  Tapes  ruderata,  Desh.]. 

Venerupis  gigantea  [  =  Saxidomus  squalidus,  Desh.]. 
Cyrrricardia  Duperreyi  [=C.  Guinaiaca,  Lam.,  =  (7.  Calif ornica,  Conr.    A  Sandwich 

Island  species,  fwice  quoted,  but  not  confirmed,  from  Cal.]. 
Cardium  Laperoussii  [is  an  Aphrodite,  like  Groenlandicum,  but  more  transverse,  and 

with  lateral  teeth  less  developed.     This  very  rare  and  probably  boreal  shell  has 

just  been  identified  from  Adm.  SirE.  Belcher's  coll.]. 
Cardium  Calif orniense,  Desh.  [is  not  C.  California-Hum  ( =  Nuttallii),  Conr. ;  but=C. 

pseudofossite,  Rve.,  1844.     The  name  of  Desh.  is  unfortunate,  as  his  shell  is  the 

Kamtschatkan  form  with  strong  ribs.     The  Californian  form  is  smaller,  with 

fainter  ribs,=  Cl  blandum,  Gld.]. 
Purpura  Freydnetii  [is  figured  from  a  very  extreme  form  of  the  Japanese  specieJ. 

P.  ostrina  passes  into  similar  varieties]. 

Velutina  MuUeri  [probably  =  V.  leevigata,  which  reaches  Vancouver]. 
Lucina  cristata  \=Tellidora  lunulata,  Holmes;  described  from  the  Pleistocene  of  S. 

Carolina,  and  lately  dredged  alive  by  Dr.  Stimpsou ;  not  T.  Burneti]. 

The  following  may  be  added  to  Deshayes'  list : — 
PL  81.   Tellina  ligamentina,  Desh.,  1843.     Hob.  ?—  [  =  Macoma  secta,  Conr.] 

Tellina  Japonica,  Desh.,  in  Mus.  Cum.  [also  appears  to  be  M.  secta,  jun.]. 

In  Yalenciennes'  plates  to  the  Voy.  Ven.  have  been  recognized  the  follow- 
ing "West  Coast  species  and  synonyms,  in  addition  to  those  quoted  in  Hep. 
pp.  203-204:— 

Plate.  Fig. 

3  2.   Trochus  diadematus,  Val.  [resembles  Pomaulax  undosus,  jun.,  but  the  sur- 

face is  faintly  wrinkled  all  over ;   umbilical  region  not  chiseled ;    and 
operc.  not  ridged.     It  is  probably  intended  for  Pachypajna  gibberosum~\. 

4  1.   Trochus  rubiginosus,  Val.  [probably  =  T.  annulatm,  Mart.]. 

2.  Trochus  pelluddus,  Val.  [resembles  T.lima,  Panama]. 
6    3.  Buctinum  Preiostii,  Val.  [probably  —  Pisaniapagodus~\. 

8  1.  Purpura  bufonides,  Val.  [appears  one  of  the  many  vars.  of  P.  biscrialis]. 

9  1.  Purpura  rupestris,  Val.  [probably  =  Monoceros  lugubre,  jun.]. 

10    1.  Murex  acicidiger,  Val.  [is  represented  with  labral  tooth  and  closed  canal ; 
but  resembles  C.festivus,  Hds.]. 

3.  Murex  tortuus  (Brod.),  Val.  [resembles  Ph.  princeps,  with  a  very  poo/ 

operc.,  badly  drawn]. 

16  1.    Venus  Thouarsii,  Val.  [?  =  multicostata,   Sby.  ;   figured  with  very  broad, 

smooth,  close  ribs,  scarcely  indented,  except  in  the  middle]. 
3.    Venus  pectunculoides,  Val.  [is  probably  T.  grata,  not  histrionica~\. 

17  2.   Cardium  subelongatum  (Rve.),  Val.  [appea'rs=  C.  procerum,  jun.]. 

18  2.  Pecten  comatus,  Val.  (may  be=hastatus,  jun. ;  but,  although  figured  with 

out  the  red  spot,  it  most  resembles  Hin.  giganteus,  jun.]. 

19  1.  Pecten  cxcavatus,  Val.  [=«7amr«  dentata,  Sby.]. 

3.  „      ponwtia,  Val.  [may  be  =  P.  ventricostts,  jun.]. 

4.  „       rastellinum,  Val.  [  =  P.  ha^tatus,  jun.]. 

21  Ostrea  gallus,  Val.  ["  Acapulco,"  with  large  plates,  =  O.  mcycdon,  Hani.]. 

22  1.   Cardita  arcetta,  Val.  [?=  Ven.  radiata,  Sby.]. 

2.  „       modulosa  (Lam.),  Val.  [  =  Lazaria  qffinis~\. 

3.  „       turgida  (Lam.),  Val.  [=  Ven.  laticostata]. 

5.  „       Mchelini,  Val.  [=  V.  Cuvieri]. 

£3     2.  Nvcula  divaricata,  Val.  [probably  =  N.  castrensis]. 

24     1.  Penitella  Conradi,  Val.  [may  be  =  Pholadidea  ovoidca]. 

14 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OP  NORTH  AMERICA.  529 

Fig. 

2.  Penitella  xilopliaga,  Val.  [may  be  the  adult  of  fig.  4], 

3.  Penitel  a  tubigera,  Val.  [may  possibly  be  intended  for  Ph.  penita], 

4.  Pholas  rostrata,  Val.  [is  probably  —Netastoma  Danvinii,  Sby.  jun.l. 

5.  Ungulina  htticola,V&\.  [may  be  an  extremely  bad  Petricola  robusta], 
'6.  Corbula  luticola,  Val.  [is  probably  —  S2)h(Bnia  fragilis]. 

7.  Bornia  luticola,  Val.  \—KeUia  Laperoussii]. 
l.  [=& 


8.  Saxicava  clava,  Val.  [=&  legumen,  Desh.,  =  S,pholadis,  var.]. 
The  identification  of  these  species  is  attended  with  great  uncertainty,  as 
the  types  have  not  been  seen,  and  the  artist  appears  to  have  studied  effect 
rather  than  accuracy. 

42.  Voyage  of  Sulphur.  —  The  types  of  these  species  appear  to  have  been 
scattered.     Only  a  part  are  now  to  be  found  in  the  very  valuable  collection 
of  Admiral  Sir  E.  Belcher,  in  which  most  of  the  shells  are,  unfortunately, 
destitute  both  of  names  and  of  locality-marks. 

Murex  Belcheri  [belongs  to  Purpuridse,  and  may  be  considered  the  type  of 
the  genus  Chorus]. 

Ranella  California.  [After  comparing  a  series  with  the  Cumingian  speci- 
mens of  R.  ventricosa,  it  appears  that  the  diagnostic  characters  are  not  con- 
stant.] 

Marginella  sapotilla.  [The  type  in  Mus.  Cuming  is  much  smaller  than 
the  ordinary  condition  of  M.  prunum=ccerulescens,  Lam.,  to  which  species 
the  common  Panama  shells  were  referred  by  Mr.  Cuming.  In  his  collection, 
however,  they  stand  thus  :  —  Ordinary  Panamic  type  "  sapotilla,  Hds.  :  5-13 
fms.,  sandy  mud,  Panama,  H.C"  Another  tablet  of  the  true  Panama  shells 
"  Marginella,  n.  sp.,  Panama,"  —  "  San  Domingo"  having  been  crossed  ouf. 
The  small  West  Indian  form,  analogous  to  the  typical  sapotilla,  is  given  as 
"  glans,  Mke."  The  large  West  Indian  shells,  with  violet  tinge  behind  the 
labrum,  are  "  ccerulescens,  Lam.,  Panama,"  without  authority.  Another  series 
of  the  W.  Indian  type  is  given  as  "  ccerulescens,  var.,  Lam.,  10  fms.,  sandy 
mud,  Panama,"  without  authority.  Either  habitat-  errors  have  crept  into  the 
Cumingian  labels,  or  else  Mr.  Redpath's  observation  will  not  hold,  viz.  that 
the  Atlantic  shells  have  a  posteri<  r  pinch  on  the  labrum,  which  is  not  seen 
in  the  Pacific.  All  the  authentic  series  examined  irom  the  two  coasts  bear 
out  his  view.  There  will  be  two  opinions  as  to  whether  this  be  more  than 
a  mere  local  distinction.] 

Solarium  quadriceps.  [On  comparing  suites  of  S.  granulosum  from  the 
Texan  coast  with  series  from  the  Gulf  of  California,  it  appeared  that  on  each 
side  of  the  Peninsula  the  shells  went  through  similar  changes  in  strength  of 
sculpture,  size  of  umbilicus,  number  of  spiral  granules,  &e.  ;  nor  could  any 
clue  be  obtained  by  which  the  coasts  could  be  separated  in  a  mixed  collection. 
Hinds's  shell  stands  at  the  furthest  extreme  of  -removal  from  S.  granulatum.~\ 

43.  U.  S.  Exploring  Expedition.  —  The  shells  of  this  collection  were  depo- 
fiited  in  the  Patent  Office  in  Washington,  D.C.,  where,  notwithstanding  the 
great  care  of  Mr.  Varden,  the  curator,  they  were  not  a  little  tampered-  with. 
Dr.  Gould  laboured  under  great  difficulties  in  his  work  of  description  ;    he 
had  access  only  to  that  part  of  the  collection  which  happened  to  be  unpacked 
and  exposed  to  view  during  the  brief  period  that  his  professional  engagements 
allowed  of  his  visiting  the  capital  ;    and  his  request  to  be  allowed  to  take 
doubtful  shells  to  Europe  for  identification  was  refused.     The  materials  also 
were  of  an  unsatisfactory  kind,  a  large  proportion  of  the  specimens  being 
much  weathered,  and  many  of  the  locality-marks  being  manifestly  erroneous. 
,lf  occasional  errors  have  been  detected  in  his  great  work,  they  may  fairly  be 
let  down  to  causes  over  which  the  author  had  no  control.     Many  of  these 

1863.  15 


530  -REPORT — 1863. 

have  been  corrected  by  Dr.  Gould  himself,  in  his  '  Otia  Conch ologica/ 
Boston,  1862,  which  contains  the  various  papers  in  the  'Proceedings  of  the 
Boston  Soc.  of  Nat.  Hist.,'  with  an  appendix.  After  the  organization  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,  all  the  natural-history  collections  belonging  to  the 
Federal  Government  were  transferred  to  its  keeping,  with  liberty  to  exchange 
duplicates.  The  shells  remained  unopened,  and  the  types  not  accessible,  till, 
at  the  request  of  Professor  Henry,  I  undertook  the  arrangement  of  the  col- 
lections. Fortunately,  a  considerable  part  of  the  shells  professing  to  be 
the  figured  types  of  the  new  species  were  found  together,  with  the  artist's 
marks  corresponding  with  the  plates  and  figures.  The  result  of  the  exami- 
nation, so  far  as  the  general  collection  is  concerned,  will  shortly  be  prepared 
for  the  press  ;  it  is  sufficient  here  to  tabulate  the  observations  on  the  N.W. 
American  species,  which  were,  as  it  happened,  the  most  satisfactorily  pre- 
served in  the  whole  series.  The  following  additional  particulars  include  the 
"  Rectifications  "  in  the  '  Otia,'  the  paging  of  which  is  continued  from  the 
"  Expedition  Shells  "  quoted  in  Rep.  p.  209.  The  quarto  volume  quoted  in 
p.  210  is  distinguished  as  "  E.  E.  Mollusca."  The  folio  atlas  of  plates  bears 
date  on  title  1856,  but  was  not  published  till  1861,  teste  Binn.  Bibl.  vol.  i. 
p.  504.  The  comparisons  of  types  were  made  in  1860,  from  a  proof  copy. 

Ofcia,  Page. 

3.   Chiton  li<jnosus=.[Mopalia~]  Merckii,  Midd.,  test.  Gld.  E.  E.  Moll,  [from 

worn  specimens  :=  Ch.  Monterey  ends,  Cpr.,  from  perfect  shells.] 
230.   Chiton  (Chatopleura)  vespertinus.     Perhaps  =C7z.  lic/nosus,  var.     [A  Mo- 
palia,  differing  slightly  in  the  amount  of  posterior  wave.     The  fig.  in 
E.  E.  Moll,  is  made-up  from  broken  specimens.] 

6,  242.  Chiton  (Onithochiton)  dentiens.  [The  shell  sent  as  type  of  this  species, 
and  all  the  others  seen  from  the  coast,  agree  in  belonging  to  Ischnochiton, 
and  are  not  dentate,  as  would  be  presumed  from  the  figures  and  diag- 
nosis. As  Dr.  Gould's  toothed  Onithochiton  may  hereafter  be  found,  the 
Smithsonian  shells  have  been  named  Isch.  pseudodentiens.~] 

6,  242.   Chiton  (Clieetopleura)  muscosus.     \=.  Acantliopleura  rmiscosa,  H.  &  A.  Ad. 

Gen.,=  C%.  ornatits,  Nutt.  P.  Z.  S.  1855,  p.  232,+Mopalia  consimilis, 
Nutt.  MS.  in  B.  M.  This  beautiful  species  is  a  true  MopaliaJ] 
230.  Chiton  (Leptochitoti)  tnterstinctus.  Resembles  C.  Sitchensis,  Midd.  [  =  Cal- 
locliiton  i,,  H.  &  A.  Ad.,  Gen.  It  is  a  true  Ischnochiton.  The  genera  of 
Chitonidee  cannot  always  be  ascertained  by  external  characters  alone,  as 
indicated  in  Messrs.  Adams's  genera.  All  the  species  in  the  Smithsonian 
Museum  have  been  dissected/] 

7,  242.  Patella  (Tectura)  f,mbriata=.  P.  cinis,  Rve.  [= Acmaa pelta,  Esch.]. 
9,  242.  Patella  (Nacella}  instabilis.     [Varies  greatly  in  proportions.] 

9,  242.  Lottia  (Tectura)  pintadina.  [The  types  represent  the  normal  condition  of 
Acmesa  patina.  One  variety  is  A.  cribraria,  Gld.  MS.  The  speci- 
mens of  A.  mesoleuca  intermixed  by  Dr.  G.  in  the  Mexican  War  collec- 
tions were,  no  doubt,  affiliated  by  an  oversight] 

10,  243.  Patella  (Tecfura)  textilis  is  a  var.  of  T.  persona,  Esch.  [A  well-marked 
form  of  delicate  growth,  passing  from  A.  persona  into  A.  pelta,  var. ; 
from  the  young  of  which  some  specimens  can  hardly  be  distinguished, 
except  by  the  fretted  pattern.] 

10,  243.  Patella  ( Tecturd)  scab  r  a  =.  spectrum  (Nutt.),  Rve.,  not  scabra  (Nutt.),  Rve. 
[The  tvpe-specimens  belong  to  two  species,  f.  456,  456«,  being  A.  spec- 
trum,  Nutt,  while  4566  represents  the  flattened  variety  of  A.  persona, 
Esch.  (approaching  the  form  digitalis,  Esch.).  As  the  diagnosis  best 
accords  with  the  latter  shell,  P.  scabra,  Gld.,  may  stand  as  a  synonym  of 
persona,  var. ;  the  intermixed  specimen,  accidentally  figured  as  belonging 
to  the  species,  being  removed  to  spectrum,  Nutt.  Thus  the  name  scabra, 
not  being  needed  as  first  described,  will  remain  for  Nuttall's  species, 
described  by  Rve.,  but  first  named  in  print  by  Jay.] 
16 


ON  3IOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OP  NOllTH  AMERICA.  531 

15.  '  Crepidida  lingulata.  [Described  from  a  worn  specimen.  Perfect  shells 
cannot  be  separated  from  C.  bifabata,  Rve.,=  C.  ?  dorsata,  var.  bilobata, 
Maz.  Cat.,  nor  from  the  supposed  C.  dorsata  in  Mus,  Cum.] 

15.  .  Crepidula  nummaria.  [Described  from  an  aberrant,  worn,  and  rounded 
specimen.  The  normal  state  is  C.  navicelloides,  Nutt.  "When  grown 
in  hollow  bivalves,  it  becomes  nummaria :  the  contrary  extreme,  grown 
in. crypts  of  borers,  with  another  shell  or  crab  over  it,  is  explanata, 
Old.,  =  exuviafa,  Nutt.,=/»er/<wa«*,  Val.  The  Lessonoid  form  is  C. 
fimbriata,  Rve.  The  young 'appears  to  be  C.  minuta,  Midd.  But  the 
"C.  nummaria,  Old.,"  of  Mus.  Cum.,  is  quite  a  distinct  species,  not  known 
from  the  American  coast.] 

™'  oft  ¥?***  Qumt^  ca?'l'>ia+  \  [=£.  pattida,  Br.  &  Sby.]. 
50,  244.  Natica  (Lunaha)  soluta        (  L  J  J 

30,  244.  Natica  (Lunatia)  algida ;  "  R.  Negro,"  E.  E.  Shells ;  "  Oregon,"  E,  E.  Moll. 

[vere:  =  young  of  L.  Lewisii,  Old.,  July  1847,  =L.  Aem/fea,Midd.,  1849], 
f>2.  Lacuna  carinata,  Old.,  Nov.  1848  [L.  soKdula,  Lov.,  1846.     Finmark]. 

62,245,  Litorina  patttla,  Gld.  [non  Jefir,],  Mar.  1849,= L. planaxis  [Nutt],  Phil., 

1847. 
52,    63.  Litorina  kpida,  scutulata,  et  plena,  [are  shown  by  large  series  to  be  varieties 

of  one  species]. 
99.          Litorma  cincta,  Gld.,  Aug.  1847,  Puget  Sd.  [=£.  Sitchana,  Phil.,  1845. 

This  species  appears  to  have  been  overlooked  in  the  E.  E,  Moll.] 
61.  Cerithitim  irroratum,  Gld.  [=  C.  obesuni,  Sby.  sen.,  teste  H.  Cuming.     Tho 

type  proves  this  to  be  an  E.  I.  species,  and  not  the  Pauamic  C.  stercus- 

muscarum,  VaL,  as  supposed  by  Dr.  Gld.  :  v.  C.  B.  Ad.  in  loco]. 
C2.  Oerithium  filosum,  Gld.,  May  1849  [=*Turritella  Eschrichtii,  Midd.,  1849, 

(Bittium).  Comp.  C.Jilosum,  Phil.,  Z.  f.  M.  1848,  p.  84.     California], 
04,  245.  Fusus  (Eela)  fidicida. 

(54,  245.  Fusus  (Tropfion)  Orpheus  [(non  Baird.)=  T.  Fabricii,  Moll.,  in  Br.  Mus.] 
07,  245.  JSuccinum  (Nassa,  s.  g.  Tritia)  fossatum.     Casia  in  Ind.  p.  253.     [=  JV1 

eleffans,  Rve.,  1842,  non  Dujardin  :   —Zaphon  e.,  Add.]. 
70,245.  Nassa  (Tritia)   mendica^N.  Woodwardi,  Fbs.,  1850  [from  types  :+N. 

Gibbesiij  Coop.]. 
71,  245.  Columbella  (Alia)  gausapata.     [Belongs  to  the  Nassoid  group,  Amycla.~\ 

75,  My  a  prwcisa  \_  =  M.  truncata.     Scarcely  even  a  variety  j  but  approaches 

the  form  AldrovandiJ] 

76,  245.  Lutraria  (Tresus)  capax.     [Dr.  G.  revives  his  excellent  name ;  L.  maxima, 

Jonas,  1844,  being  anterior  to  Midd.  Conrad's  name,  Schizothcerus 
Niittallii,  is,  however,  very  much  earlier.] 

77,  246.  Ostcodesma  (Lyonsia)  bracteatum  [+O.  nttiaum,  Gld.,  in  different  states 

of  preservation,  =L.  Catifornica,  Conr.  The  "  golden  nacre  "  of  O.  brac- 
teatum is  due  to  incipient  decay,  r,s  generally  happens  in  Anomiads]. 

83,  246.  Cardita  (Actinobolus)  ventricosa.  [Appears  to  be  a  local  variety  of  the 
ancient  Miocene  species,  Venericardiaborcalis^-^-C.  occidentalis,  Conr., 
+  C.  suUenta,  Conr.  (fossil)  probably.] 

83.  Cardium  blandum,  1850.  [A  finely  grown  ?var.  of  C.  Californiensc,  Desh., 

1839,  Midd.  (non  C.  Californianum, Conr.,  1837,  —  corbis,  var.)  =  C.pseudo- 
fossile,  Rve.,  1844.  The  name  is  so  like  the  preoccupied  Californianum 
that  it  may  advantageously  be  dropped.] 

85.  Venus  rigida,  1850  [non  Dillw.  1817.  It  is  fortunate  that  the  name  is 

not  needed,  as  the  author  has  joined  two  very  different  species,  both 
of  which  have  other  names.  The  original  Latin  diagnosis  applies-  to  the- 
rough  northern  form  of  Tapes  staminea,  Conr.,  which  is  the  Saxidomus 
Petitii  of  Desh.,  and  includes  V.  ruderata,  Desh.  But  the  "specimen, 
3f  in.  long,"  which  modified  the  description  in  the  E.  E.  Moll.,  and  is- 
figured  at  f.  538,  proves  to  be  the  adult  form  of  Tapes  tenerrima,  Cpr., 
P.  Z.  S.  July  1856,  which  is  a  Californian  and  not  a  Panamic  species, 
as  had  been  supposed  from  Col.  Jewett's  label]. 

87,  246.  Anodonta  corjnata  —  A.  Oregonensis,  Lea  (probably). 

87.  Anodonta  feminalis  \_—A.  an^ulata,  var.,  teste  Lea]* 

2  17 


S32  REPORT— 1863. 

Otia,  Page. 

93.  Mi/filus  (Modiola)  Jt-abeUatus.     [The  northern  form  of  Modiola  recta,  Com. 

The  "  specimens  from  lh3  Gulf  of  California  "  must  have  been  M.  lira- 
zilicnsis,  intermixed  by  accident.] 

94.  Mytilus  trossuhts  [is  scarcely  a  variety  of  M.  edulis,  which  is  very  abundant 

along  the  coast,  under  its  usual  modifications  of  form  and  colour:  but 
generally  of  small  size]. 

95.  Pcctcn  hericeus,  Gld.  [  =  P.  hastatus,  Sby.  sen.]. 
97,  246.   Terebratitla  (  Waldheimici)  pidvinata. 

97,  246.   Terebratula  (Terebratvlla)  caurina. 

E.  E.  Moll. 
Page. 

113.  Planorbis  corpulentus  is  of  Say. 

143.  Melania  plicffera  is  of  Lea. 

436.  Anodonta  angulata  is  of  Lea. 

206.  Scalaria  ?australis  [is  abundantly  confirmed  from  the  Vancouver  district. 

It  should  be  called  Opulia  borealis,  Gld.]. 
244.  Purpura  ostrina,  Gld.,  'Otia,'  p.  225  [is  an  aberrant  smooth  var.  of  P. 

lapillus,  Coop.,  non  Ln. ;  the  normal  state  being  P.  saxicola,  Val.]. 

The  following  species,  described  in  the  *  Otia '  and  '  E.  E.  Moll.'  as  from  *  N. 
Zealand '  and  an  unknown  locality,  are  really  from  Puget  Sound. 

Otia,  Page. 

66,  245.  Trochus pupillus,  Gld.,  March  1849:  N.  Zealand  (Ziziphinus  in  Index)  :  = 
Margarita  calostoma,  A.  Ad.,  1851.  Comp.  T.  modesius,  Midd.  [which 
is,  however, =ligatus,  Gld.,  =  costatits,  Mart.  This  species  is  named  in 
the  B.  M.  Col.  "  M.  costellata,  Sby.,"  but  is  distinct,  teste  A.  Ad.  & 
Mus.  Cum.]. 
64,245.  Fusus  (Neptunad)  incisus,  Gld.,  May  1849.  Hab.  ?—  [=Tritonium 

(Fusus)  Sitchense,  Midd.,  184Q,=£uccinum  dirum,  Rve.,  1846.] 
B.  A.  Eep. 
Page. 

210.  Venus  calcarea  [is  correctly  described  by  Dr.  G.  as  from  N.  Zealand; 

although  quoted  by  him  as  the  Oregon  analogue  of  V.  mercenaria], 

211.  Tellina  Callfornica,  Conr.  [  =  J/«cowa  inconspicua]. 

211.  Triton  fiyrinum  [is  from  Central  America,  not]  Puget  Sd. 
211.  Pectcn  Fabricii,  Phil,  [is  the  young  of  Islundicm  :  Dr.  G.'s  shells  are  the 
young  of  P.  ("ruJridus,  ?var.")  Hindsii]. 

211.  Fusus  cancellinus.    [Dr.  G.'s  shells  are  Ocinebra,  var.  asperaJ] 

212.  Purpura  lagena,  Gld.  [MS.,  is  probably  saxicola,  var.]. 

213.  Pecten  Townsendi  [has  not  been  identified], 

213.   Venus  ampliata  [is  believed  by  Dr.  G.  to  have  been  first  designated  by  him 

as  a  species,  afterwards  proved  =  riyida  (Petitii),  var.]. 

44.  Middendorff. — The  synonymy  given  in  Hep.  pp.  214-222  is  that  of 
the  author,  not  of  the  writer  of  the  Report,  who  is  by  no  means  prepared  to 
accept  the  learned  doctor's  identification  of  species.  The  three  Chitons  quoted 
with  doubt  from  Tilesius  have  not  been  confirmed,  as  from  Kamtschatka,  by 
any  other  writer.  The  Ch.  giganteus  has  the  aspect  of  the  large  Ischnoclriton 
Magdalensis  ;  the  Oh.  muricatus  belongs  to  the  LopTiyrus  group,  which  is  not 
known  so  far  north  ;  and  the  Ch.  setosus  has  also  a  S.  American  aspect.  The 
treatise  "  De  Chitone  Giganteo  Camtschatico  additamentum  ad  Zoographium 
llosso-Asiaticum,  auctore  Tilesio,"  was  read  March  19,  1823,  and  publi.-Ouvl 
in  1824.  It  contains  a  very  valuable  and  (for  that  period)  remarkable  account 
of  the  anatomy  of  Chitons,  but  it  does  not  profess  to  name  and  describe  species 
in  the  modern  sense.  The  names,  therefore,  had  better  be  dropped.  Midden- 
dorfFs  new  species  were  first  described  in  the  '  Bulletin  de  la  Classe  Physico- 
3Iathematique  de  1'Acade'mie  Imperiale  des  Sciences  de  St.  Petersbonrg,'  a 
work  of  which  few  complete  copies  are  known  in  England,  under  the  follow- 
ing dates. 

April -20,,  1847:  roL  vi.  No.  8  (total  number  128). 

18 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  533 

Column. 

116.  Chiton  Stelleri,  n.  s.,=  C.  amiculatus,  Sbyv  Rve.,  non  Pallas. 

117.  Chiton  Pallasii,  n.  s. 

117.  Chiton  Brandtii,  u.  s. 

118.  Chiton  Mertcnsii,  n.  s. 

118.  Cliiton  Eschscholtzii,  n.  s. 

1 19.  Chiton  Wosnessenskii,  n.  s.     [A  typical  Mopalia  :  mantle  indented  behind.] 

120.  Chiton  Merckii,  n.  s.  [=C7t.  ligtwsus,  Gld.,  July  1846:= Mopalia  Monterey  en- 

sis,  Cpr.]. 

120.  Chiton  limdus,  n.  s. 

121.  Chiton  scrobiculatus,  n.  s.,  California. 
121.    Chiton  Sitchensis,  n.  s. 

Nov.  1847  (read  April  28)  :  vol.  vi.  No.  20  (total  number  140). 

317.  Patella  (?Acma>a)  ancyloides,  n.  s.     [Probably  a  delicately  grown  young  patina  : 

the  diagnosis,  however,  suits   textilis.     Name  afterwards  altered  to  per- 
sonoides,  to  distinguish  from  Propilidium  ancyloide,  Fbs.] 

318.  Patella   (?Acmcea)  ceruginosa,  n.  s.     [Probably =textilis,  Gld.,  1846;  but  the 

figure  is  more  like  scabra,  Nutt.] 

318.  Patella  (?  AcmeeaJpHeolus,  n.  s.    [Probably  the  young  of  A.  pelta ;  but  assigned 
in  Mus.  Cum.  to  a  very  different  shell, =A.  rosacea,  Cpr.] 

318.  Patella  (?Acmeea)  Asmi,  n.  s.     [A  specimen  of  A.  pelta,  in  Dr.  Cooper's  col- 

lection, began  life  as  A.  Asmi.] 

319.  Patella  (?Acm(ca)  cceca;  genuina,  vertice  erecto,  Atlantic. 

319.  Patella  (?Acnuea)  cceca,  var.  concentrica  j  vertice  subinflexo ;  with  crowded 

lamellae  of  growth. 

1849 ;  read  Oct.  6,  1848  :  vol.  vii.  No.  160.     "  Vorlaufige  Anzeige  einiger  neuer 
Konchylien  aus  den  Geschlechtern  :  Litorina,  &c.;  von  Dr.  A.  Th.  v.  Middendorff." 

241  no.  1.  Litorina  yrandis.     [The  specimens  in  B.  M.  and  Mus.  Cum.  appear  to 

represent  a  large  var.  of  L.  litorea.~\ 

242  2.  Litorina  Kurila  (like  tenebrosa). 

242  3.  Litorina  subtenebrosa.     [Probably  an  extreme  var.  of  L.  Sitchana.~\ 

243  4.   Tritonium  (Fusus)  antiqmtm,  Lnv  var.  Behringiana. 
243       5.   Tritonium  (Fusus)  Behringii. 

243  6.   Tritonium  (Fusus)  Baerii. 

244  7.  Tritonium  (Fusus)  Sitchense  [probably  =  Chr.  dims,  Rve.,  var. ;  but  stated 

to  be  "  e  livido  viridescente ;  columella  saepius  umbilicata"]. 
244      8.   Tritonium  (Fusus)  liiridum  [=  Vitularia  aspera,  Baird,  smooth  form]. 
244       9.   Tritonium  (Buccinum)  simplex. 

244  10.   Tritonium  (Buccinum)  Ochotense. 

245  11.   Tritonium  (Buccinum)  undatum,  Linn.,  var.  Schantarica. 
245     12.   Tritonium  (Buccimim)  ooicles. 

245  13.  Bullia  ampullacea  [is  the  genus  Volutharpa  of  Fischer]. 

246  15.  Natica  herculcca,  North  California  [=L.  Leivisii,  Gld.,  July  1847], 
246     16.  Margarita  arctica,  Leach,  var.  major. 

In  the  text  of  the  4to  volumes,  the  following  corrections  are  suggested,  the 
numbers  referring  to  the  page  in  the  B.  A.  Report  which  contains  the  abstract. 

Report,  215.  Acmcsa  scutum,  D'Orb.  [is  quite  distinct  from  A.  persona,  Esch.  The 
latter,  as  figured  by  Midd.,  is  a  very  young  shell,  not  certainly  be- 
longing to  the  species]. 

216.  Turritella  Eschrichtii.  [=Bittium  .filosum,  Gld.,  May  1849.  There 
being  no  month-date  to  Midd.'s  species,  the  excellent  name  of  Gld., 
which  may  also  be  of  Phil.  1848,  should  be  retained.] 

216.  Trochus  ater  and  maestus  [are  well-marked  South  American  species. 
Probably  the  shells  intended  are  Chlorostoma  Junebrale,  A.  Ad., 
and  its  congeners.] 

216.   Trochus  eiiryomphalus  [= Phorcus  pulligo,  Mart.,teste  Dohrn]. 

216.  Trochus  modestus,  Md.  [==//o.sz«s,Wd.,  =  Calliostoma  costatum,  Martyn]. 

216.   Trochus  (Turbo)  Fokkesii  [is  from  the  peninsula  of  Lower  Cal.]. 

216.  Natica  flava,  Gld.  ["  is  entirely  different  from  any  of  the  synonyms 
under  it,"  teste  Gld.]. 

19 


534  REPORT — 1863. 

Aiepoit,  216.  Scalaria  Ochotensis  [appears  an  aberrant  Opalia;  but  is  the  genus 
Adrsa  of  Mb'rch,  closely  allied  to  Mesalia,  teste  A.  Ad.]. 

216.  Crepidula  Sitchana  [is  figured  like  the  young  of  grandis ;  but  the 
specimens  in  Mus.  Cum.,  when  compared  with  the  similar  stage  of 
C.  excavata,  display  no  differences  either  inside,  outside,  or  in  the 
nuclear  whorls]. 

216.   Crcpidula  minuta  [appears  the  young  of  C.  nacicelloides,  Nutt.] 

216.  Crepidula  grandis  [fossil  at  Sta.  Barbara,  =  C.  princeps,  Conr.     Can 

hardly  be  distinguished  from  very  fine  specimens  of  C.  fornicuta, 
sent  from  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  by  Mr.  Willes]. 

217.  Trichotropis  cancellata,  lids,  [is  quite  distinct  from  T.  borealis]. 

217.  Pur  pur  a  decemcostata,  ~Midd.i=P.canaliculata,  Duel.     Var.  =  P.  at" 

tenuata,  Rve.     Var.  =  P.  analoga,  Fbs.  ] 
217.  Tritonium  (Trvphon)  clathratum,  Ln.  [is  distinct  from  the  shouldered 

M.  midticostatus,  Esch.,=  Gunneri,  jLov.]. 

217.  Tritonium   (Fusus)  decemcostatum   [=C%r.  Middendorffii,  Cooper = 

Chr.  liratus,  Martyn.] 

218.  Tritonium    (Buccinum}  cancellation   [Midd.,   non]    Lam.    [=Pn'ene 

Oreyonensis,  Redf.     P.  cancellata  is  the  Cape  Horn  species.     Some 
specimens  in  alcohol  in  Sir  E.  Belcher's  collection,  however,  said 
to  be  from  Icy  Cape,  greatly  resemble  the  southern  shell]. 
218.  Tritonium  (Poltia)  scabrum  [is  exclusively  a  S.  American  shell.     Dr. 
M.'s  shell  may  have  been  Ocinebra,  var.  asperd], 

218.  Pecten  rubidus,  Hds.  [non  Martyn, = P.  Islandicus,  Mull.   Midd.  's  pi .  13. 

f.  1-3  are  marked  in  expl.  of  plates  "  Islandicus,  var.  Behringiana ;  " 
they  are  probably  ("  rubidus,  ?var.")  Hindsii.  But  the  figs.  4-6 
are  certainly  the  young  of  Hinnites  giganteus~\. 

219.  Venerupis  gigantea.     [Decorticated  specimens  of  Saxidomus  sqitahd-m.~] 
219.  Petricola  gibba.  [Elongated  form  ofcylindmcea,  Desh.,  =  carditoides^oz  J 

219.  Machcera  costata.     [The  figures  represent  M.  patula,  Dixon.] 

220.  Cingida  minuta  ["  is  quite  distinct  from  Hydrobia  ulvce"  teste  Gld.]. 
220.   Velutina  cryptospira.     [Probably  a  LamellariaJ] 

220.  Purpura  Freycinettii,  Desh.  [is  quite  distinct  from  attenuata,  Rve.    It 

is  doubtful  whether  Midd.'s  shells  belong  to  Desh.'s  species]. 

221.  Terebratula  frontahs,  Midd.  1851,  named  in  1849,  [may  be  the  young 

of  Waldheimia  Coreanica,  Ad.  &  Rve.,  1850,  =  Terebratella  miniata, 
Gld.,  1860,  teste  A.  Ad.,  Rve.]. 
221.  Astarte  lactea,  Gld.  [is  distinct  from  A.  Scotica,  teste  Gld.]. 

221.  Tellina  fusca,  Say  [is  distinct  from  T.  solidula,  though  it  may=  T.  bal- 

thica  ;  teste  Gld.  Macoma  inconspicua,  Br.  &  Sby.,  is  distinct  from 
both]. 

222.  Lyonsia  hyalina  [is  distinct  from  L.  Norvegica']. 

222.  Machcera  costata,  Say.  [Dr.  Gould  does  not  believe  that  any  of  Midd.'s 
synonyms  belong  to  this  species.  Solcn  medius,  in  Br.  Mus.,  appears 
^=  S.  ambiguus,  Lam.,  as  figured  by  Swains.  It  is  not  a  MachteraJ] 

45.  Samarang. — Litorina  castanea,  Ad.  &  Eve.,  1850.     "  Eastern  Seas," 
p.  49,  pi.  11.  f.  8  [appears  identical  with  L.  Sitchana,  Phil.]. 

46.  E.  B.  Philippi. — Columbella  tceniata,  Phil.,  1846  [is  probably  identical 
with  Anachis  Gaskoinei,  Cpr.     But  C.  tceniata,  Ad.  &  Rve.,  1850,  is  perhaps 
a  Nitidella']. 

47.  The  "  Mexican  War  Naturalists." — These  were  Major  Rich  and  Lieu.}. 
Green.     Col.  E.  Jewett  was  not  connected  with  the  war,  as  would  be  supposed 
from  the  introduction  to  Dr.  Gould's  pamphlet.     The  following  corrections 
apply  to  the  new  species  tabulated  in  Rep.,  pp.  226-228.  The  species  of  Gould 
bear  date  April  1852  (tesie  Otia,  p.  184)  and  Nov.  1851  (Otia,  p.  210) ;  the 
others,  July  1856. 

No. 

3.   Corbula  poly  chroma  [=C.  biradiata,  var.]. 

7.   Tettina  lersa  \  =  Macoma  nasuta,  jun.     CaL,  not  Pan.], 

20 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OP  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  535 

No. 

8.   Tellina pura  [=3f.  Mazatlanica,  jun.  Desh.,  Mus.  Cum.]. 
11.  Donax Jlexuosus  [=_D.  Lamarckn,  Desh.,  in  B.  M.]. 
13.   Gnathodon  mendicus  [=6r.  trigonum,  Pet.,  May  1853]. 
15.  Eaeta  undulata  [is  distinct  from  Harrella  elegans]. 

20.  Cardium  luteolabrum  \_—C.  quadragenarium,  Conr.]. 

21.  Cardium  cruentatum  \_  =  Liocardium  substriatum,  Conr.]. 

27.  Modiola  nitens  [  =  M.  subpurpureus,  Mus.  Cum.,  and  is  not  fromCal.]. 

28.  Adula  falcata.     [The  locality  of  Mr.  Cuming's  specimens  has  not  been  con- 

firmed.    For  "species,"  in  note,  read  "specimens."] 
31.  Lima  tetrica.     [The  specimens  from  the  Mediterranean,  VV.  Indies,  Gulf  Cal.; 

and  Pacific  Islands  were  all  named  L.  squamosa  by  Mr.  Cuming.] 
33.  Bulimus  vesicalis  (nom.  preoc.)  =  B.  suffiatus,  '  Otia,'  p.  184. 

40.  Nacdla paleacea.    [Col.  Jewett's  specimens  appear  distinct  from  N.  depicta}Hds.^\ 

41.  Troclius  marcidus.     [This  shell  was  called  Omphalius  Pfeifferi  by  Mr.  Cuming, 

from  the  resemblance  of  the  figure,  in  which  the  umbilicus  appears  keeled  ; 
but  the  shell  marked  'type/  answering  to  the  diagnosis,  along  with  l  Chloro- 
stoma'  maculosum,  A.  Ad.,  are  scarcely  varieties  of  Phorcus  pidligo,  Marty n. 
The  finest  series  is  in  the  B.  M.] 

43.  Livona  picoides  [has  been  heard  of,  but  not  seen  since  the  explorations  of  Col.  J. 
Dr.  Gld.  still  considers  the  species  distinct :  among  the  very  dissimilar  varieties 
from  the  W.  Indies  (vide  suite  in  B.  M.)  it  would  probably  not  have  been 
singled  out  as  a  species,  but  for  the  theory  of  the  author]. 

45.  Crucibidum  Jewettii  [should  be  cvrrugatum,  P.  Z.  S.]. 

47.  Modulus  dorsuosus.  [Col.  J.  now  thinks  that  the  supposed  Acapulco  specimens 
are  W.  Indian, —lenticularis,  Chem.  When  dead,  the  forms  from  the  two 
oceans  can  hardly  be  distinguished  ;  but  the  aspect  of  his  shells  is  Caribbeean.] 

54.  Conus  ravus  [=  C."  Calif ornicus,  H'ds.]. 

56.  Conus  pusillus,  Gld.  [non  Chem.  —nux,  small  var.,  teste  Cuming]. 

57.  Obeliscus  achates  [_  =  O.  clavuhis,  A.  Ad.,  1854]. 

65.  Columbetta  Sta.-Uarbarmsis  [so  named  to  correct  the  statement  that  California 

was  above  the  limit  of  the  genus,  proves  to  be  a  Mexican  shell,  and  was 
probably  obtained  at  Acapulco.  Having  been  redescribed  by  Reeve  from 
perfect  specimens,  it  may  stand  as  C.  Reevei]. 

66.  Nitidella  Goiddii.     [Not  to  be  confounded  with  Col.  Gouldiana,  Agass.,  which 

is  probably  Amycla.^ 

67.  Fusus  ambustus  [is  a  Californian  species.     The  type  stands  in  Mus.  Cum.  as 

F.fragosus,  Rve.,  but  does  not  answer  to  the  diagnosis.  The  typical  fragosus 
is  marked  fragosus,  var.  F.  ambustus  appears  absolutely  identical  with  jP. 
clavatus,  Brocc'hi,  Mediterranean.  Some  of  the  diagnostic  marks  are  not  con- 
stant in  the  specimens], 

Col.  Jewett  went  to  Panama,  as  a  private  collector,  in  January  1849, 
spending  ten  weeks  in  that  region,  including  Taboga.  This  was  two  years 
before  Prof.  Adams's  explorations.  Thence  he  sailed  to  San  Francisco, 
where  he  spent  four  months  in  exploring  the  shore  for  about  50  miles 
from  the  head  of  the  bay.  After  labouring  for  a  week  at  Monterey,  he 
spent  ten  weeks  at  Sta.  Barbara  and  the  neighbourhood,  thoroughly  exploring 
the  coast  for  fifteen  miles  as  far  as  Sta.  Bonadventura.  It  was  here,  at  the 
"  Rincon,"  after  a  violent  southern  storm,  that  he  obtained  the  specimens  of 
Livona  picoides,  as  well  as  many  other  rare  species  that  have  not  been  obtained 
by  any  other  explorer.  "  The  storm  tore  up  the  kelp  to  such  a  degree  that 
it  formed  a  bank  for  many  miles  on  the  beach,  from  10  to  20  feet  broad,  and 
at  least  4  feet  deep.  Many  of  the  plants  were  more  than  60  feet  long  and  5 
inches  in  diameter,  having  the  appearance  of  vast  cables."  Before  his  return 
to  the  east,  he  also  collected  at  Mazatlan  (wherd0  he  obtained  some  species 
not  included  in  the  B.  M.  Catalogue)  and  at  Acapulco.  There  can  be  no 
doubt  of  the  accuracy  of  the  Colonel's  observations  at  the  time  they  were 
made.  Unsurpassed  in  America  as  a  field-paktoutologist.  possessed  of  accurate 

21 


536  REPORT— 18G3. 

discrimination,  abundant  carefulness,  and  unwearied  diligence  and  patience, 
no  one  was  better  fitted  to  collect  materials  for  a  scientific  survey  of  the  coast. 
13 ut,  unfortunately  for  his  (as  for  the  Nuttallian)  shells,he  did  not  describe  them 
at  the  time  himself.  They  were  subjected  to  all  the  derangements  caused  by 
frequent  changes  of  residence,  and  transmission  to  various  naturalists  for 
identification.  As  we  know  what  errors  creep  into  the  collections  of  the 
most  learned  under  such  circumstances,  it  is  not  surprising  that  they  should 
now  have  lost  much  of  their  geographical  value.  After  several  days  spent 
in  a  very  searching  elimination  of  the  west-coast  shells  from  his  general  col- 
lection, I  was  driven  to  the  conclusion  that  several  labels  had  become  mis- 
placed. This  was  so  clearly  the  case  as  to  certain  N.  England  and  W.  Indian 
species  interchanged  with  Pacific  specimens,  that  it  might  also  affect  (e.  y.) 
Sta.  Barbara  and  Panama  specimens  as  compared  with  each  other.  The  kelp 
driven  up  by  the  great  storm  may  have  travelled  from  remote  localities ;  which 
will  account  for  tropical  shells  having  been  found  at  Sta.  Barbara,  as  W. 
Indians  occasionally  are  even  on  our  own  shores.  It  is  possible  also,  as  the 
Californian  seas  have  as  yet  been  but  little  dredged,  that  deep-water  species 
live  there  which  as  yet  are  known  only  in  the  tropical  province.  Already 
some  Gulf  species  have  been  thus  obtained  at  Stpi  Diego  and  Catalina  Island 
by  Dr.  Cooper,  just  as  Mr.  M'Andrew  dredged  Mediterranean  species  on  the 
coast  of  Norway.  But  facts  of  such  importance  should  rest  on  better  evidence 
than  chance  shells  picked  on  a  beach,  and  subjected  to  dangers  of  altered 
labels  afterwards.  What  was  regarded  by  Dr.  Gould  as  of  authority  is  cata- 
logued, according  to  his  determinations  of  species,  on  pp.  226-231  of  the  first 
Report.  The  following  is  a  list  of  the  species  which  I  found  in  the  collection3, 
divided  simply  into  the  temperate  and  the  tropical  faunas. 

Species  of  the  Temperate  Fauna,  collected  ly  Col.  Jewett  £. 


Pholadidea  penifa,  ovoidea. 

Saxicava  pholadis. 

Schizotheirus  Nuttallii. 

Cryptomya  Californica. 

Lyonsia  Californica. 

Solen  Psicarius,  var.  rosaceus  *f. 

Machaera  patula. 

Solecurtus  Californianus,  subteres. 

Macoma  nasuta,  secta. 

Lutricola  alt  a. 

Semele  decisa,  rubrolineata. 

Donax  Californicus,  flexuosus*. 

Standella  PCalifornica. 

Trigona  crassatelloides. 

Psephis  tantilla*. 

Amiantis  callosa. 

Chione  succincta,  fluctifraga,  simillima. 


Tapes  staminea,  tenerrima*. 

Saxidonms  squalidus. 

Petricola  carditoides. 

Rupellaria  lamellifera. 

Lazaria  siibquadrata*f. 

Chama  pellucida. 

Lucina  Californica. 

Diplodonta  orbella. 

Mytilus  Californianus,  edulis. 

Modiola  modiolus,  recta,  fornicate  *f« 

Leda  caelata. 

Pecten  hastatus,  latiauvitus,  (Pventrico- 

sus,  var.)    jequisulcatus*t,    squairo- 

sus*t,  paucicostatus*f. 
Amusium  caurinuni,  jun. 
Hinnites  giganteus. 
Bulla  nebulosa. 


"  Tliis  collection  belongs  to  his  daughter,  Mrs.  Boyce,  of  Utica,  N.Y.  The  Coloncl'3 
invaluable  collection  of  U.  S.  Palaeozoic  fossils  (probably  the  largest  made  by  any  indivi- 
dual's own  hand)  may  be  consulted  at  the  State  Museum  in  Albany,  and  will  probably 
find  its  ultimate  destination  at  one  of  the  principal  colleges.  A  large  number  of  the 
fossils  described  by  Prof.  Hall  were  from  this  collection,  though  often  without  acknow- 
ledgment. Only  a  small  proportion  of  the  types  of  the  celebrated  '  Paleeontology '  are 
to  be  found  in  the  State  Collection,  which  was  subjected  to  disastrous  and  very  extensive 
curtailment  before  Col.  J.  entered  on  his  present  duties  as  curator. 

*  These  species  and  marked  varieties  were  first  found  by  Col.  J. 

t  Of  these  forms,  either  not  seen  or  not  distinguished  by  Dr.  Gould,  the  diagnoses  arc 
written,  and  will  probably  be  found  in  one  of  the  scientific  periodicals  for  1864. 

J  Unless  otherwise  stated  in  the  list,  Keport,  pp.  228-231,  it  may  be  presumed  that 
these  species  were  from  the  neighbourhood  of  Sta.  Barbara. 

22 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


537 


Tornatina  cerealis*,  culcitella  *. 

Cylichna  (Fcylindracea,  var.)  attonsa*f. 

Vol  vula  cylindrical- 

Cryptochiton  Stelleri. 

Mopalia  muscosa. 

Nacella  incessa,  paleacea*. 

Acmaea  patina,   pelta,  persona,  scabra, 

spectrum,  Asmi. 
Scurria  mitra. 
Fissurella  volcano. 
Glyphis  densiclathrata. 
HaliotisCracherodii,rufescens,splendens. 
Phasianella(?compta,var3.)punctulata*t, 

pulloides*t,  elatior*f. 
Pomaulax  undosus. 
Trochiscus  Norrisii,  convexus*f. 
Calliostoma  canaliculatum,  costatuin. 
Li  von  a  picoides  *. 
Homaloporaa  sanguineum. 
Chlorostoma  funebrale,  Pfeifferi. 
Crucibukmi  spinosum. 
Crepidula  adunea,  dorsata,  rugosa. 
Hipp  onyx  tumens  *f. 
Serpulorbis  squami  gents. 
Eittium  esiiriens*f,  fastigiatum*t. 
Cerithidea  sacrata. 
Litorina  planaxis,  scutellata. 
Amphithalamus  inclusus  *f. 
Lacuna  unifasciata *. 
Hadius  variabilis. 

Luponia  spadicea  :  Trivia  Califoraica. 
Erato  columbella,  vitellina. 


Drillia  inermis,  moesta  *f . 

Daphnella  filosa*f. 

Mangelia  variegata*f;  angulata*f. 

Myurella  simplex  *f. 

Conns  Californicus. 

Odostomia  gravida*,  inflata*f. 

Chenmitzia  tenuicula  *,  torquata  *  (et 
?var.  stylina  *t),  virgo  *f,  aurantia  *f, 
crebrifilata  *f,  tridentata  *f. 

Dunkeria  laminata  *f. 

Eulima  Thersites  *f. 

Opalia  bullata  *f. 

Lunatia  Lewisii. 

Cerithiopsis  ?  tuberculata,  fortior  *f, 
purpnrea  *t. 

Marginella  Jewettii  *,  Ppolita,  regu]a- 
ris  *f,  subtrigona*f. 

(Volvarina  varia,  serrata;  perhaps  im- 
ported, or  label  changed.) 

Olivella  biplicata,  bseticaf  [=petiolita, 
Gld.,-f  anazora,  Gld.,  MS.  (non  Duel.) 
=  rufifasciata,  teste  Cum.,  by  error], 

Purpura  crispata,  saxicola. 

Nitidella  Gouldii  *. 

Ocinebra  Poulsoni. 

Pteronotus  festivua. 

Columbella  carinata,  Hindsii. 

Amycla  ?  Californiana,  gaueapata,  tube- 
rosa  *f. 

Nassa  perpinguis,  mendica. 

PAnachis  penicillata  *f. 

Siphonalia  fuscotincta  *f. 


Species  of  the  Tropical  Fauna,  collected  by  Col.  Jewett 


Pholas  crucigera  [=lanceolata]. 

Dactylina  laqueata. 

Corbula  bicarinata,  biradiata,  nasuta, 
tennis,  ovulata  §,  nuciformis  §. 

Sanguinolaria  miniata  *§. 

Psammobia  casta. 

Telliria  felix,  puella  *,  punicea,  "  ru- 
bella." 

Heterodonax  bimaculatug  etvars.  §. 

Strigilla  carnaria  (white  and  red  vars.)§ 
pisiformis§,  sincera. 

Seniele  pulchra  §,  venusta  §. 

Iphigema  altior. 

Douax  transversus,  navicula,  gracilis, 
carinatus,  rostratus  §,  punctatostria- 
tus  §,  v.  caelatus  §.  assimilis. 

Mulinia  augulata. 

Harvella  elegans. 

Trigona  planulata  ||,  Hindsii  §. 

Dccinia  l)uukeri. 


Callista  aurantia,  chionaea,  circinata  §, 
tortuosa,  lupinaria)),  ro.sea||,  v.  puella§. 

Chione  amathusia,  suoillata,  neglecta.  * 

Anomalocardia  subimbricnta,  subrugosa. 

Tapes  grata, -f-vars.  discors,  fuscolineata. 

Petricola  pholadiformis,  var. 

Cras^atella  gibbosa. 

Venericardia  laticostata,  radiata. 

Lazaria  affinis. 

Chama  frondosa,  spinosa. 

Cardium  consors  §,  senticosum,  proce- 
rum,  obovale. 

Hemicardiumbiangulatnm  §,  graniferum. 

Liocardium  apicinnm  §. 

Codakia  tigerrina  ||5|. 

Lucina  eburnea  §,  excavata  §,  pectinata. 

Felania  tellinoides  §,  var. 

Modiola  Brasiliensis,  capax. 

Lithophagus  aristatus. 

Area  grandis,  tuberculosa. 


*  Unless  otherwise  specified,  either  by  §,  |),  or  locality-marks  in  Kep.  pf>.  228-231, 
these  species  may  be  presumed  to  have  come  from  the  Panama  district. 
The&e  species  were  probably  from  Acapulco. 
Probably  from  Mazatlan. 
Another  specimen,  3'78  iru  across,  is  marked  "  Sta.  Barbara  "  oa  the  shell, 

23 


538 


REPORT 18G3. 


Scapliarca  bifrons  *,  emarginata,  labiata, 

nux. 

Noetia  reversa. 
Bjssoarca  Pacifica,  mutabilis. 
Barbatia  alternata,  aviculoides,  gTadata, 

illota,  solida. 
Pectunculus  inaequalis,  maculatus,  par- 

cipictus  §,  Ppectinoides  §. 
Leda  Elenensis,  polita. 
Pinna  maura,  tuberculosa. 
Avieula  sterna. 
Bryophila  setosa  *. 
Isognomon  Chemnitzianum. 
Pecten  ventricosus,  subnodosus  §. 
Lima  angulata  §. 
Spondylus  calcifer. 
Ostrea  palmula. 
Anomia  lampe. 
Bulla  Adamsi,  Quoyi  §. 
Siphonaria  gigas,    lecanium§    et  vara. 

maura,  palmata  §. 
Patella  Mexieana. 

Acmaea  mesoleuea,  mitella,  vernicosa. 
Fissurella  riigosa,  nigropunctata,  ?ina- 

erotrema  $. 

Gh'phis  ina3C[iialis,  alta. 
Phasianella  perforata. 
CaUopoma  saxOvSiim. 
Senectus  squamigerus  §. 
Uvranilla  inermis. 
Calliostoma  lima,  Leanum  f  . 
Tegula  pellis-serpentis. 
Oni  phallus    Panamensis,   corooulatus  *, 


Nerita  Bernhardi,  scabricosta. 

Neritina  picta,  Gnavaquilensis,  Interme- 

dia ["  =globoea,  '&VL"]. 
Crucibulum  imbricatum,  spinosum,  um- 

brella, radiatum,  pectinatum  *,  corru- 

gatum  *. 

Galerus  conicus,  mamillaris. 
Crepidula  aculeata  §,  excavata,  incitrva. 
Hipponyx  barbatus,  Grayanua. 
Aletes  centiquadrus. 
Vermetus  eburneus. 
Bivonia  contorta,  albida. 
Petaloeonchus  macrophragma. 
Turritella  goniostoma. 
Cerithium  maculosum,  uncinatum,  me- 

diolaeve,  intemiptum,  alboliratum. 
Rhinoclavis  gelnmata. 
Cerithidea  Montagnei,  varicosa. 
Litorina  aspera,  conspersa,  Philippii. 
Modulus  eatenulatus,  Pdisculus. 
Rissoina  firmata*,  fortis*,  exp?msa*fjf, 

stricta  §;  Janus  *,  Woodwardii  i(. 
Planaxis  mgritella,  planicostata. 
Hadius  avena  §,  similis. 
Carinea  emarginata,  jun. 
Aricia  punctulata. 
TrivLa  pustulata,  puila,  Pacifica§. 


Erato  scabriuscula  §,  MaTigen'a?. 

Strombus  galeatus,  gracilior,  granulatns* 

Terebra  robusta. 

Euryta  fulgurata,  aciculata  §. 

Pleurotoma  funiculata. 

Drillia  albovallosa,  aterrima,  Pexarata  §f 

incrassata,  nigerrima,  rudis,  bexagona, 

Pgracillima,  var. 
Mangelia     subdiaphana  §,     hamata*tr 

eerea*t,  Ppulcliella. 

Cithara  stromboides§  [?  =triticea;Kien.]. 
Daphnella  casta  §. 
Conns  gladiator,  mahogani,  nux,  purpiv- 

rascens,  regularis. 
Solarium  granulatum, 
Torinia  variegata. 
Obeliscus  achates  *|f. 
Chemnitzia  caelata*f. 
Scalaria  llind.-ii  *. 
Alora  Gouldii  *. 
Cancellaria  bulbulus,  claratula,  deeus- 

sata;  goniostoma,  tessellata,  mitrifor- 

mis. 
Natica  marocoana  et  vars.,  Souleyetiana, 

zonaria  §,  catenata  §. 
Polinices  oti^^  uber. 
Nevcrita  patula  ^. 
Ficula  ventricosa. 
Malea  ringeas. 
Bezoardica  abbreviata. 
Levenia  coarctata. 
Persona  ridens  [?  =  ]  constrictus* 
Triton  lignarius,  tigrinus,  ?  pileare,  jun. 
Priene  nodosa. 
Ptanella  caelata,  nitida,  triquetra,  pyra- 

midalis   [like    anceps    and  producta, 

Bye.]. 

Fasciolaria  granosa,  tulipa,  jun.  [Pirn- 
ported]. 
Latirus  castaneus,  ceratus,  rudis,  tuber- 

culatns. 

I^eucozonia  cin^ulata. 
Mitr-a  lens,  tuniculata,  nucleola. 
Strigatella  tristis. 
Lyri'd  harpa. 

Marfrinella  eferuleseens,  polita  (?§). 
Persicula  imbricate  §. 
Volvarinatriticea  §,  varia§,  serrata§,  fus- 

ea  §  [some  of  these  are  assigned  to  Sta. 

Barbara.    West  Indian  specimens  may 

have  been  intermixed:  vide  Cape  St. 

Lucas  list,  infrii]. 
Oliva  angulata,'  porphyria. 
OliTella  anazora,  gracilis  §,  ineonspicua, 

semistriata,  tergina,  volutella,  zonalis, 

Zanoeti. 

Agaronia  testacea. 
Harpa  crenata. 
Purpura  biserialis,  melo,  patula,  triangu- 

laris,  triserialis. 
Cuina  tecta^  kiosquifonnia. 

24 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


539 


Pyrula  patula. 

Engina  Reeviana,  crocostoma. 

Anachis  Californica .*§,  coronata,  costel- 

lata,  fluctuata,  lyrata,  nigricans,  parva, 

pygmaea,  diminuta  #,  rugosa,  varia. 
Strombina  bicanalifera,    gibberula,    re- 

eurva. 
Pisania    gemmata,     insignia,    pagodus, 

ringens,  sanguinolenta. 
Northia  pristis. 
Clavella  distort*. 
Murex    recurvirostris,  [?=]  nigrescens 


dubia,  vibex,  "pin- 


Bhizocheilus  mix. 

Vitularia  salebrosa. 

Ocinebra  erinaceoides. 

Monoceros  brevidentatum. 

Sistrum  carbonarium  §. 

Nitidella  cribraria. 

Columbella    festiva,     fuscata,    labiosa, 

major,  Reevei*§,  imcinata§,  Pmille- 

pimctata,  var.§ 
Conella  coniformis. 
Truncaria  modesta. 
Nassa  collaria*,  corpulenta,  crebristri- 

ata,    luteostoma,    pagodus,    scabrius- 

cula,  tegula,   versicolor,   complanata,    Muricidea  alveata* 

Stimpsoniana  *,  nodicincta.  niger, 

Phos  gaudens. 

This  list,  of  about  133  species  from  the  northern  and  328  from  the 
southern  fauna  (nearly  twice  as  large  as  that  sent  by  Dr.  Gould  and  printed 
in  the  first  Report,  and  yet  not  containing  several  species  there  quoted),  is  an 
instructive  instance  of  what  may  be  accomplished  in  about  three-quarters  of 
a  year,  simply  by  picking  up  shore-shells.  It  contains  about  48  species  in 
the  northern  and  22  in  the  southern  faunas  not  previously  described. 

Besides  the  recent  shells,  Col.  Jewett  brought  home  a  very  interesting 
series  of  Pliocene  fossils  from  the  neighbourhood  of  Sta.  Barbara.  Almost  all 
of  them  are  species  known  to  inhabit  neighbouring  seas,  and  are  chiefly 
northern  forms.  Of  some  no  recent  specimens  have  yet  been  found  in  such 
perfect  condition.  The  following  is  a  list  of  the  species,  which  is  of  the  more 
value  as  they  have  not  been  intermixed  with  those  of  any  other  locality,  and 
the  spot  does  not  seem  to  have  been  discovered  by  any  succeeding  geological 
explorer.  It  was  two  miles  from  the  coast,  and  150  feet  high. 

Schizotheirus  Nuttallii. 
Mactra  planulata. 
Chione  succincta  *. 
Pachydesma  crassatelloides. 


Psephis  tantilla,  Psalmonea. 
Rupellaria  lamellifera. 
Cardium  graniferum  *. 
Venericardia  v.  ventricosa  f. 
Lucina  Californica. 
Pecten  floridus  *. 
Hinnites  giganteus. 
Planorbis,  sp. 
Calliostoma  costatum. 
Margarita  pupilla  f. 
Omphalius  aureotinctus. 
Gal  eras  fastigiatus  f. 
Crepidula  grandisf    [^k?^ 

Com:,  3-5  inches  long]. 
Crepidula  adunca. 

,,  navicelloides. 
Tumtella  Jewettii,  n.  s. 
Bittium  rugatum,  n.  s. 

„       armillatum;  n.  s. 

„       filosum  f. 
Lacuna  solidula  f. 

*  These  species  are  of  a  southern  type, 
t  These  forms  rank  with  the  northern 
fauna. 


Chrysallida,  sp.* 

Opalia  (Pcrenatoides,  var.)  insculpta*, 

n.  s. 

Lunatia  Lewisii. 
Natica  clausa  f. 
Priene  Oregonensis  f. 
Olivella  biplicata. 
Columbella  carinata. 
Amycla  gausapata. 

„       tuberosa,  n.  s. 
PTruncaria  corrugata. 
Nassa  fossata. 

„      mendica. 
Purpura  crispata. 
Ocinebra  lurida. 
Trophon    tenuisculptus  f ,  ?n.  s.    [may 

prove   identical  with   T.  Jimbriatula, 

A.  Ad.,  Japan]. 
Trophon  Orpheus  f. 
Fusus  ambustus. 
Pisania  fortis  *,  n.  s. 
Chrysodomus    carinatus  f,    Brit.     Mua. 

[probably  =  despectus,  var.  ] . 
Chrysodomus  tabulatus,  jun.f,  n.  s. 
..  dims  f. 


series.  Tlie  rest  belong  to  the  present  Californian 

25 


540 


REPORT 1863. 


The  following  fossils  were  also  col- 
lected by  Col.  Jewett : — 
Purpura  crispata  I  San  Francisco,  160  ft. 
„        ostrina  (       above  the  Bay. 


Tellina  congesta,  Conr.     Monterey. 
Scalaria :  can  scarcely  be  distinguished 

from  planicosttita,  Kien.,  in  Brit.  Mus. 

(?=Gr(Klandica) :  Panama, 


The  collections  of  Major  Rich,  having  been  tabulated  by  Dr.  Gould  simply 
as  from  Upper  or  Lower  California,  I  had  expected  to  find  of  but  little  geo- 
graphical value.  They  proved,  however,  to  be  of  peculiar  interest.  Major 
Rich  had  been  one  of  the  naturalists  in  the  U.  S.  Expl.  Exp.,  and  his  warlike 
occupations  did  not  prevent  his  remaining  long  enough  at  particular  stations 
to  pay  close  attention  to  the  Molluscs.  His  forte  lay  in  procuring  shells  in 
the  best  possible  condition  ;  and  a  study  of  them  was  very  serviceable  in 
explaining  the  dead  shore-shells  usually  obtained  from  other  sources.  For- 
tunately, he  was  quite  aware  of  the  importance  of  geographical  accuracy,  and 
arranged  those  obtained  at  different  places  in  separate  drawers.  The  "  Upper 
Californian  "  collections  were  made  at  Monterey,  San  Francisco,  San  Diego, 
and  San  Pedro ;  the  "  Lower  Californian,"  in  the  Gulf,  principally  at  La 
Paz,  partly  at  San  Jose  and  Mazatlan.  At  the  latter  place  he  met  M. 
Reigen,  who  had  filled  his  house  with  decomposing  molluscs  to  such  an  ex- 
tent as  to  induce  the  neighbours  to  have  recourse  to  the  police.  From  him  he 
obtained  many  species  not  in  the  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.,  and  probably  sent  to  Europe 
in  the  Havre  collection.  Major  Rich's  beautiful  series  may  be  consulted  at 
his  residence,  opposite  the  British  Legation,  Washington,  D.  C.  ;  and  are 
designed  ultimately  for  one  of  the  public  museums  in  the  neighbourhood. 
The  following  is  a  list  of  the  species : — 

Shells  collected  by  Major  Rich,  from  the  Californian  Fauna. 


Pholadidea  ovoidea 1 2. 

Parapholas  Californica l.    (The  young  is 

very  acuminate,  with  imbricated  cups, 

as  in  P.  calva.) 
Netastoma  Danvinii x. 
Saxicava  pholadis  l  3. 
Platyodon  cancellatus  4. 
Schizotheirus  Nuttalli  4. 
Cryptomya  California l. 
Thracia  curta  *. 
Lyonsia  Californica *. 
Mytilimeria  Nuttalli l.     (Very  fine,  with 

ossicle.) 
Solen  sicarius 3. 
Macha3ra  patula l. 
Solecurtus  Californianus 8. 
Sanguinolaria  Nuttalli 4. 
Psammobia  rubroradiata l. 
Macoma  nasuta  x,  secta  l  *. 
Scrobicularia  alta  4. 
Semele  decisa  l. 
Cumingja  Californica l- 
Donax  Californicus T. 
Mactra  Californica 1. 
Pachydesma  crassatelloides l  *. 
Amiantis  callosa  4. 
Chione  succincta  4. 


Tapes  staminea  et  vars. 1 2  4,  lacini- 
ata  1  *. 

Petricola  carditoides  l. 

Rupellaria  lamellifera l, 

Chama  Buddiana 4. 

Cardium  Nuttalli 4. 

Lucina  Califomica  *. 

Diplodonta  orbella  4. 

Kellia  Laperousii  \ 

Mytilus  Californianus1,  edulis1,  v.glome- 
ratus  *4. 

Septifer  bifurcatus1*. 

Modiola  modiolus l. 

Lithophagus  attenuatus  l. 

Adula  falcata1*. 

Pecten  v.  requisulcatus  4,  monotimeris  4. 

Hinnites  giganteus l. 

Placunanomia  macroschisma  l. 

Bulla  nebulosa4. 

Katherina  tun*  ata l. 

Mopalia  muscosa l,  Hindsii l. 

Nacella  incessa  2. 

Acmcea  persona  a,  pelta 2,  spectrum2,  sea- 
bra  2,  et  var.  limatula  f2. 

Lottia  gigantea  a. 

Scurria  mitra 2. 

Fissurella  oraata  4  2. 


1  Monterey.     Fresh  specimens  of  seven  species  from  the  southern  fauna  were  also 
obtained  at  Monterey,  probably  from  commerce. 


-  San  Diego.  3  San  Francisco. 

*  These  species  were  flrsfc  found  by  Major  Rich. 

26 


4  Uear  San  Pedro. 


ON  MOLLUSCA  07  THE    IVEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


541 


Glyphis  densiclathrata  2. 

Lucapiaa  crenulata  l  (one  spec.  Catalina 

Is.). 
Haliotia     rufescens  l  4,     Craclierodii l  4, 

Kamtscliatkana l  4. 
Pomaulax  undosus4. 
Trochiscus  Norrisii 2  (and  Catalina  Is.). 
Calliostoma     canaliculatum 1,     annula- 

tum  l,  costatum  l. 
Oniphalius  fuscescens4. 
Clilorostoma    funebrale *,    brunneum J, 

Pfeitferi  *. 
Crucibulum  spinosum  2. 


Crepidula  rugosa  -,  adunca  -,  explanata  a. 

Hipponyx  Pantiquatus2,  Ftumens1. 

Serpulorbis  squamigerus  2. 

Spiroo-lyphus  iituella  *  *. 

Litorina  planaxis  *. 

Trivia  Californica  l. 

Conns  Californicus  4. 

Eanella  Californica4. 

(Xivella  biplicata  *,  baetica  *. 

Purpura,  vars.  ostrina l,  emarginata l. 

Cerostoma  Nuttalli4. 

Nassa  mendica  1)  perpingius  *,  fossata4. 

Helix,  three  sp. 


Shells  collected  ~by  Major  Rich,  near  La  Paz  (west  shore  of  the  Gulf  of  CaL), 


(Tliracia)  Cyathodonta  plicata. 

Sanguinolana  miniata. 

Tellina  Cumingii. 

Strigilla  carnaria. 

Heterodouax  bimacnlatus. 

Iphigenia  altior. 

Donax  navicula,  punctato-str.,  rostratus. 

Standella  fragilis  (common). 

Mulinia  angulata. 

Trigona  argentina,  radiata,  planulata. 

Dosinia  ponderosa. 

Callista  concinna,  cliionaea. 

Chione    succincta,     amathusia,    gnidia, 

pulicaria,  var. 

Anoraalocardia  subimbricata. 
Tapes  grata,  histrionica. 
Lazaria  Californica. 
Chama  spinosa,  producta,  corrugata. 
Cardium  censors,  biangulatum. 
Liocardium  elatum. 

Codakia  tigerrina  (two  fine  specimens). 
Cyrena  olivacea,  Mexic&^ia. 
Anodonta  glauca. 
Mytilus  multiformis. 
Modiola  capax. 
Area  multicostata. 
Barbatia  Heeviana,  solida. 
Pectuncnlus  giganteus. 
Pinna  rugosa. 
Margaritophora  fimbriata. 
Isognornon  Chemnitzianum. 
Pecten  ventricosus,  subnodosus. 
Lima  tetrica  *. 
Janira  dentata. 
Ostrea  amara  (Maz.  Cat.  215.    Is.  Cres- 

tona,    entrance    of    Gulf),    Virginica 

(more  pearly  than  the  Atlantic  shells, 

teste  Rich). 
Anemia  lampe. 

Bulimus  sufflatus  *,  excelsus  *,  pallidior. 
Physa  elata  *,  aurantia. 
Patella  Mexicana. 
Acmaea  atrata,  mesoleuca. 
Fissurella  rugosa,  virescena. 
Glyphis  alta,  inteq^ualis. 


Haliotis  splendens  (three  fresh  specimens 

from  a  resident  at  San  Jose). 
Callopoma  fluctuosuin. 
CJvauilla  olivacea. 
Oniphalius  rugosus,  coronulatus. 
Nerita  scabricosta,  Bernhardi. 
Neritina  picta. 
Crucibulum  spinosum,  imbricatum,  pec- 

tinatum,  umbrella. 
Galerus  mamillaris,  conicus. 
Crepidula  aculeata,  onyx,  nivea,  ungui- 

formis,  arenata. 
Hipponyx     Grayanus,     serratus,     anti- 

quatus. 

Aletes  centiquadrus. 
Spiroglyphus  Iituella  (on  Cr.  umbrella). 
Turritella  goniostoma,  tigrina. 
Cerithium  maculosum,stercus  muscarum. 
Cerithidea  Montagnei. 
Litorina  fasciata,  conspersa. 
Modulus  catenulatus,  disculus. 
Cyprsea  exanthema. 
Aricia  arabicula. 
Luponia  Sowerbii,  albuginosa. 
Trivia  sanguinea,  radians,  Solandri,  pus- 

tulata,  Pacifica. 
Strombus  granulatus,  gracilior. 
Euryta  fulgurata. 
Pleurotoma  funiculata,  maculosa. 
Drillia  Pinermis. 
Conus  puncticulatus,  gladiator,  purpu- 

rascens,  regularis,  arcuatus,  mix. 
Solarium  granulatum,  v.  quadriceps. 
Cancellaria  obesa,  cassidiformis,  solida, 

goniostoma,  Pcandida. 
Natica  maroccana,  zonaria. 
Polinices  Kecluziaua,  bifasciata,  otis. 
Neverita  patula. 
Sigaretus  debilis. 
Oniscia  tuberculosa. 
Levenia  coarctata. 
Bezoardica  abbreviata. 
Priene  nodosa. 
Turbinella  caastus. 
Fasciolaria  princeps. 


27 


542  REPOUT— 1SG3. 


Leucozonia  cingulata. 

Mitra  lens. 

Oliva  porphyria,  Melchersi,  Cumingii, 
subangulata. 

Olivella  tergina,  gracilis,  volutella  (seve- 
ral taken  alive). 

Agaronia  testacea. 

Purpura  patula,  biserialis,  triangularis, 
muricata,  planospira  J. 

Nitidella  cribraria. 

Columbella  fuscata,  var. 

Conella  cedo-nulli. 


Nassa   luteostoma,  scabriuscula,  corpn- 

lenta. 

Pyrula  patula. 
Fusus  Dupetithouarsii. 
Siphonalia  pallida. 
Strombina    (?  new,    deep    water,    San 

Jose). 

Pisania  sanguinolenta,  insignis. 
Murex  plicatus,  recurvirostris. 
Phyllonotus  nigritus,  brassica,  princeps, 

bicolor. 
Muricidea  dubia. 


Lieut.  Green  having  been  obliged  to  pack  up  his  collection  and  leave  home 
on  professional  duty,  I  was  not  able  to  make  any  critical  examination  of  it, 
Capt.  Dupont  also,  of  Delaware,  was  one  of  the  "  Mexican-war  naturalists," 
and  made  a  large  collection  of  La  Paz  shells  during  his  campaign  ;  but  I  had 
no  opportunity  of  seeing  them. 

Dr.  Gould  notes  the  following  corrections  in  Lieut.  Green's  list,  pp.  231- 
234  :— 
Semele  flavicans  should  bejlarescens.         \  Donax  abruptm  should  be  obesus. 

50.  Kellett  and  Wood. — The  locality-marks,  on  further  study,  display  still 
greater  inaccuracies. 

Nassa  Woodwardii,  Fbs.,  Sandwich  Islands  [is  the  adolescent  state  of  a  very  abun- 
dant Vancouver  and  California!!  shell,  =  &  mendica,  Gld.]. 

Nassa  Cooperi,  Fbs.,  Sandwich  Islands.  [The  type  is  immature  and  in  poor  con- 
dition; but  it  is  a  rare  Californian  species,  since  found  by  Dr.  Cooper.] 

Trochita  spirata  [has  not  been  confirmed  from  Gulf  Cal.,  but  appears  in  Brit.  Mus. 
from  St.  Vincent,  Cape  Verd  Is.,  on  the  excellent  authority  of  Macgillivray,  who 
did  not  visit  the  West  Coast.  The  Cumingian  specimens  were  from  K.  and  W. ; 
but  the  "spirata,  var.,"  from  Magellan  and  Peru,  are  simply  turrited  forms  of  T. 
radians]. 

Chlorostoma  aureotincta  [=(?.  nigerrima  (Gmel.),  Mus.  Cum.;  but  it  is  unlikely 
that  Gmelin  knew  the  species.  It  is  not  quoted  by  Desh.  (Lam.  ix.  157)  :  but 
the  Trochus  infauce  nigcrrimus,  Chemn.  f.  1526,  =  T.  melanostomus,  Gmel.,  is  a 
Risetta.'] 

Margarita  purpurata  et  Hillii  [are  South  American  shells]. 

Purpura  analoga  [is  the  rough  irregular  form  of  P.  canaliculata=deccmcostata~}. 

„  fuscata,  Fbs.  [of  which  one  brown  and  one  whitish  specimen  (immature) 
are  preserved  in  the  Brit.  Mus.  as  types,  is  the  large,  smooth,  rather  elevated  var. 
of  saxicola.  It  belongs  to  the  Vancouver  district]. 

Purpura,  like  decem-costatus  and  Freycinetii  [is  the  normal  state  of  saxicola.  The 
banded  smooth  var.  is  named  in  Brit.  Mus.  "?7?«c.  striatum,  Martyn,  Un. 
Conch,  no.  7,"  but  does  not  agree  with  the  figure]. 

Fuws  Kellettii.  [This  Siphonalia,  after  long  remaining  unique  in  the  Brit.  Mus. 
Col.,  has  been  twice  confirmed  from  the  San  Diegan  district  by  the  Smithsonian 
collectors.  Dr.  Cooper's  living  specimen  is  6-25  in.  long  j  and  one  specimen 
was  dredged  by  A.  Ad.  in  the  seas  of  South  Japan.] 

51.  Iteiyen. — The  type  collection,  presented  to  the  Brit.  Mus.,  contains 
about  8900  specimens.     The  first  duplicate  series,  containing  about  6000 
shells,  was  presented  to  the  State  of  New  York  at  the  urgent  request  of 
Dr..  Newcomb  (well  known  for  his  researches  in  Achatinella,  made  during  his 
professional  residence  in  the  Sandwich  Islands),  and  is  arranged  in  the  Albany 
Museum.     Three  other  typical  series  were  prepared  for  the   Museums   of 
Paris,  Berlin,  and  St.  Petersburg,  and  offered  on  the  same  terms,  viz.  that 
they  should  be  arranged  by  the  author,  and  preserved  intact  for  the  free  use 

J  Dead  shells  at  La  i'az  j  two  fresh  specimens  in  deep  water  from  San  Joie ;  ditto, 
Lieut.  Green. 

28 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  543 

of  students ;  but  the  donations  were  severally  declined  by  the  respective 
governments.  They  have  since  been  offered  to  the  Museums  of  Harvard 
University,  Cambridge,  Mass. ;  M'Gill  University,  Montreal,  C.  E. ;  and  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,  Washington,  D.  C. ;  and  accepted  on  the  same  con- 
ditions *.  The  writer  of  the  Brit.  Mus.  Catalogue  spared  no  pains  in  his 
endeavours  to  verify  the  previously  described  species  of  Prof.  C.  B.  Adams ; 
yet  a  subsequent  comparison  of  types  has  developed  very  unexpected  coinci- 
dences. Those  who  will  take  the  trouble  to  compare  the  two  diagnoses  in  the 
synonyms  now  given  will  add  one  to  the  many  proofs  of  the  uncertainty  of 
the  senses  in  observation,  and  the  inaccuracy  of  language  in  description.  The 
following  corrections  and  additions  should  be  made  to  the  list  in  the  British 
Association  Eeport,  pp.  243-264. 

18.  Parapholas  acuminata  is  united  to  P.  calva  by  Tryon,  Mon.  Phol. 

23.  The  specimens  obtained  from  Madagascar  by  Sir  E.  Belcher  in  the  Voy.  Sa- 

marang  appear  absolutely  idenlical. 

24.  Petricola  robusta.     The  West  Indian  form  of  this  species  is  the  Choristodon 

typicum  of  Jonas  ;  Mus.  Cum. 
35.  Sphcenia  fragilis  is  perhaps  *S'.  luticola,  Val. 
38.  Solecurtus  politus  ?  =  S.  Carpenteri,  Dkr. 

40.  Should  be  Semele  favescens,  Old. 

41.  Semele  ?venusta  should  be  S.  bicolor,  C.  B.  Ad.     Panama.    C.  S.  Lucas. 
46.  Should  be  Sanc/uinolaria  miniata,  Gld.,  as  in  first  Report. 

48.  Should  be  TelUna  purpurea,  Brod.  &  Sby.,  teste  type  in  Mus.  Hani. 

49.  =  T.  pur  A,  Gld.,  nom.  prior. 

54.  Quite  distinct  from  TelUna  alternata,  Say. 

56.   Tellina  ?eburnea  proves  to  be  the  type  of  a  new  generic  form,  probably 

belonging  to  Kelliadce,  viz.  Cycladella  papyracea.     A  perfect  specimen,  since 

found,  is  in  Mr.  Hanley's  collection. 

65.  Tellidora  Burnett  is  not  L.  cristata  :  v.  antea,  p.  528. 

66,  =Strigilla  fucata,  Gld.  (not  miniata).      Specimens  received  from  different 

stations  on  the  Pacific  Coast  vary  very  greatly  in  colour  and  markings. 

68.  The  fragment  of  "  ??Psammobia  "  is  perhaps  part  of  a  Lepas-vslve. 

71  and  72.  The  names  of  these  shells  have  been  altered  and  re-altered  in  Mus. 
Cuming,  as  will  be  seen  by  comparing  Brit.  Mus.  Maz.  Cat.,  p.  43,  with  the 
note,  p.  548,  and  with  the  present  arrangement.  Mr.  Hanley  states  that 
no.  72,  D.  culminatus,  Cpr.,  is  his  true  carinatus ;  therefore  71,  D.  carinatus, 
Cpr.,  and  of  most  collections,  must  stand  as  D.  rostratus,  C.  B.  Ad.,  teste  type- 
valve  in  Mus.  Amherst.  The  two  species  uniformly  retain  their  dis- 
tinctive characters. 

78.  Should  be  Mactrella  exoleta= Lutraria  ventricosa,  Gld.,  from  type. 

81.  Should  be  Gnathodm  mendicus,  Gld. 

83.   T.  Hindsii  is  distinct,  teste  Hani. 

85.   T.  argentata,  Sby.,  1835,  =  T.  aquilatem,  Desh.,  1839. 

92-99.  The  generic  name  should  be  Callista. 

*  A  few  of  the  duplicate  sets  having  been  sent  in  exchange  to  one  of  the  principal 
scientific  dealers,  he  advertises  a  list  of  species  in  which  he  not  merely  alters  the  nomen- 
clature, giving  "  Monoceros  "  cingulatum,  "  Pollia"  insignis  (with  "Pisania"  gemmatd), 
"  Trochus"  olivaceus  (with  " Imperator"  unguis),  "  Cerithiwn  "  montagui  (for  Cerithidea 
Montagnei],  Cytherea  " dione"  (for  Dione  lupinaria),  "Astarte"  DunJceri,  "  Cytherea" 
Columbiensis,  &c.,  but  inserts  Californian  species  ("  ZizipMnus  filosus"  "  Cardium 
Nutali ")  as  though  from  the  Gulf,  and  adds  others  not  known  at  all  in  the  West  Coast 
faunas,  as  "  Columbella  lamgata"  " Patella  plumbea,"  and  "  Chiton  reticulata"  All 
these,  with  such  shells  as  Olwa  Cumingii,  which  belong  to  other  regions  on  the  Mexi- 
can coast,  would  be  accredited  by  the  reader  on  the  supposed  authority  of  "  Carpenter's 
Catalogue."  In  these  times  it  appears  that  naturalists  must  be  content  to  resemble  the 
dealers  in  patent  medicines,  and  guard  the  accuracy  of  their  works !  With  regard  to  the 
Mazatlan  collections  (now  scarce),  none  can  be  trusted  unless  they  present  an 
seal,  with  the  initials  of  the  author. 

29 


5-14  REPORT— 1863. 

98.  CalKsta  altemata  has  a  very  different  aspect  from  the  ordinary  C.  circinata ;  but 
several  of  the  Pacific  shells  afHliate  more  naturally  to  the  West  ludianform. 


regard 

Circes.  At  this  distance  of  time,  a  written  locality-ticket  would  have  had 
more  authority. 

105.  The  hinge  proves  that  this  species  is  distinct  from  the  true  V.  crenifera,  Sby. 
It  has  been  named  V.  siigillata  by  live.,  Conch.  Ic.  sp.  43.  It 'was  also 
brought  by  Kellett  and  Wood,  and  is  allied  to  V.  pulicaria. 

110.  Among  the  Panama  varieties  of  this  very  variable  species  is  Venus  fuscolineata. 
T.  grata  takes  the  place  of  the  Californian  T.  staminea,  which  is  sometimes 
erroneously  given  as  a  synonym,  and  is  not  straminea,  as  often  quoted. 

116.  It  appears  that  Gouldia  (Thetis,  C.  B.  Ad.,  olim,  non  Sby.  nee  II.  &  A.  Ad.)  is 

congeneric  with  "  Circe"  minima,  not  with  the  Astartids.  Prof.  Adams's 
fresh  specimens  of  his  6.  Pacifica  prove  to  have  the  Crassatelloid  internal 
ligament,  and  represent  one  of  the  many  remarkable  forms  of  that  group. 

117.  Fresh  specimens  of  G.  variam,  from  Cape  St.  Lucas,  have  also  the  internal 

ligament,  and  must  rank  under  Crassatella  until  that  genus  has  been  naturally 
divided. 

118.  Lazaria  Calif ornica.     A  well-marked  group  of  species  from  the  West  Coast. 
121.  The  purple  and  orange  specimens,  here  treated  as  the  adolescent  state  of  Chama 

Mexicana,  are  certainly  the  Ch.  echinata  of  collections,  and  may  possibly 
prove  a  distinct  species.  A  large  series  sent  from  Socoro  Is.  by  Mr.  Xantus 
confirms  this  view ;  but  all  the  specimens  seen  are  decorticated  or  incrusted. 

1216.  This  is  the  Chama  Buddiana  of  C.  B.  Ad.,  and  probably  distinct. 

134.  The  specimens  of  Cardium  graniferum  in  Mus.  Cam.,  from  St.  Thomas,  W.  I., 
appear  exactly  identical. 

136.  The  specimens  from  the  Pacific  coast,  some  of  which  are  of  very  large  size, 

have  generally  a  red  tinge  round  the  inner  margin  ;  as  have  also  the  Fiji 
specimens  brought  by  the  U.  S.  Expl.  Exp.  In  other  respects  they  exactly 
accord  with  the  W.  Indian.  The  Pacific  shells  are  generally  called  C. 
exasperata,  Rve.,  a  name  first  given  to  the  rough  Caribbean  variety  from 
Honduras,  &c. 

137.  Codakia  punctata.   This  shell  also,  brought  by  the  U.  S.  Expl.  Exp.  from  the 

Fiji  Is.,  is  found  sparingly  along  the  American  shores,  and  has  the  same 
coloured  margin. 

142.  May  possibly  prove  identical  with  L.  bella,  Conr.,  S.  Diego. 

150.  The  Lucina  orbella  of  Gould,  =  Sphcerella  tumida,  Conr.,  MS.,  is  the  northern 
form;  uniformly  larger  and  smoother  than  Diplodonta  semiaspera.  This 
last  is  fully  confirmed  from  both  oceans. 

152.  "  Felania"  serricata  appears  congeneric  with  Miltlia,  H.  &  A.  Ad.,  =  Mittreaf 
Gray,  the  type  of  which  (M.  Childreni)  is  a  Gulf  species. 

154.  Lasea  rubra*  Mr.  J.  G.  Jeffreys  does  not  consider  the  Brit.  Mus.  specimen 
identical  with  the  British.  The  Mediterranean  specimens  are  much  more 
unlike.  A  colony  of  fresh  shells  from  &  burrow  at  Cape  St.  Lucas,  when 
examined,  under  the  microscope,  side  by  side  with  Ilfracombe  specimens,  did 
not  present  even  varietal  differences.  The  species  also  appears  on  the  Cali- 
fornian and  Japan  coasts.  Similar  and  perhaps  conspecitic  forms  are 
found  on  most  coasts  :  among  them  is  Poronia  Petitiana,  Chen.  Conch.  111. 
p.  2,  pi.  1.  f.  2  ;  Callao,  not  rare,  Petit. 

150,  For  this  species,  corbuloides,  and  other  angular  forms,  the  name  Bornia  may 
be  revived  in  a  restricted  sanse.  (A.  Ad.) 

157,  158.  Mr.  A.  Adams,  who  is  about  to  make  the  Kelliads  a  special  study,  thinks 
that  these  intermediate  forms  would  rank  better  with  Montacuta  or  TeUin.ya 

166.  This  is  almost  certainly =Anodonta  ylauca,  Val. 

168.  Dr.  D unker  renamed  this  shell  M.  Adamsianus,  P.  Z.  S.  Nov.  1856. 

177.  The  subgerius  Aiula  may  be  enlarged  to  include  this  and  other  nestling 

?Lithopha(/i,  which  often  adhere  by  byssus,  like  Modiola. 

178.  Liosolenus  is  quite  distinct  from  Mijtilimeria,  which  appears  simply  an  aber- 

rant form  of  Lyonsia.     Other  "  Lithophayi"  probably  rank  with  it. 

30 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  545 

180.  Arcasemlis  is  fromW.  Africa  (not "  E.Indies".):  one  of  the  many  representative 

species  between  the  two  West  Coasts. 
185.  Noetia  reversa,  Gray. 
7.86.  Argina  brcvifrons,  Sby. 
188.  This  is  the  young  of  Barbati*  alternate*. 
191-195  belong  to  the"^ group  Barbatia. 
193.   =Barbatia  Tabogensis,  from  type. 

203.  The  young  of  this  shell  is  Aiicula  libella,  Rve.     Dr.  Gould  protests  against 

some  of  the  interpretations  here  given  to  his  views. 

204.  The  W.  American  pearl-oyster  should  stand  as  M.  jimbriata,  Dkr.     It  has 

been  redescribed  as  M.  barbata,  Rve. 

212.  Dr.  Gould  protests  against  the  Pacific  shells  being  regarded  as  O.  Virginica. 
Mr.  Hanley  adheres  to  his  original  opinion.  Fossils  sent  from  the  Sand- 
wich Is.  by  Mr.  Pease  (0.  Sandwichensis,  Pse.)  appear  scarcely  to  differ. 

2146.  The  O.  palmula  appears  a  distinct  species. 

215.  This  species  is  identical  with  O.  no.  384  of  C.  B.  Ad.  It  may  take  the  name 
of  O,  amara  from  its  "  bitter  flavour." 

224.  Sulla  Adamsi—B.  punctulata,  C.  B.  Ad.,  non  A.  Ad. 

229.  Haminea  cymbiformis  is  closely  allied  to  H.  virescens,  Sby. 

239.  Siphonaria  lecanium.  S.  maura,  Sby.,  is  one  of  the  varieties  of  this  species. 
The  S.  palmata  may  prove  distinct.  S.  ferruginea,  Rve.,  is  probably  de- 
scribed from  the  intermediate  form. 

242.  lanthina  striulata.  Name  given  in  ignorance  of  striolata,  Ad.  and  Rve.  j  and 
not  needed,  teste  Rve. 

245.  The  Denialium  hyalinum  of  Phil,  is  probably  the  young  of  D.  semipolitum : 
this  species  is  distinct. 

247.  The  Dent,  pretiosum  of  Nutt.  is  a  northern  species  j  this  is  most  likely  D.  lac- 
teum,  Phil. 

248-250.  This  typical  group  of  Chitonids  retains  the  Linnean  name  in  Dr.  Gray's 
arrangement ;  and  as  he  first  pointed  out  the  generic  distinctions  in  the 
family,  his  judgment  is  to  be  preferred. 

252-254,  256.  These  species  belong  to  Ischnochiton,  Gray. 

255.  Lepidopleurus,  Risso,  has  sculptured  valves  and  scaly  margin,  and  is  probably 
synonymous  with  Lophyms,  H.  and  A.  Ad.  The  name  may  be  retained  for 
the  "'  Lophyroid  "  Ischnochiton  here  described,  the  peculiarities  of  which  have 
been  confirmed  by  adult  specimens  in  Mus.  Cuming,  and  by  other  species. 

257.   Chiton,  H.  and  A.  A(L,=:Acanthoplettra  (Guild.),  Gray. 

262.  =  Nacella  pcltoides,  n.  s.  (described  from  Cape  St.  Lucas  specimens). 

263.  The  true  Lottia  pintadina  of  Gld.  (teste  figured  types)  consists  entirely  of 

varieties  of  A.  patina. 

265.  The  "  large  flat  shell "  referred-to  is  Tecturella  grandis,  Gray,  Brit.  Assoc.  Rep. 
1861,  p.  137.  Tecturella  is  preoccupied  by  Stimps.  Gr.  Manan  Invert.  It 
being  needful  to  divide  the  old  genus  Acmaa,  Lottia  may  be  used  for  this 
section.  By  reviving  synonyms  as  sectional  names,  when  a  genus  is  divided, 
good  names  may  be  retained  in  a  restricted  sense,  and  the  burden  of  a  spu- 
rious nomenclature  lessened.  The  species  is  Lottia  gigantea  (Sby.  Gen.  j. 

269.  Scutellina  navicelloides,  Cpr.,=  Crepidula  osculans,  C.  B.  Ad. 

280.  This  should  stand  as  Gadinia  stellata,  Sby.,  that  name  having  been  given  to 
the  normal  form,  Rep.  pi.  7.  f.  3a,  of  which  pentegoniostoma,  f.  3/\|  is  only 
an  accidental  variety. 

282.  Callopoma  Fokkesii=;tessellatum,  Rve.,  is  the  Lower  Californian  form,  and 
probably  distinct. 

28-1&.  =  Turbo  phasianella,  C.  B.  Ad.,  non  Melaraphe  phasianella,  Phil. 

289.  The  first  name  is  T.  eximius,  Rve.,  P.  Z.  S.  1842,  p.  185  ;  Mke.'s  shell  bearing 
date  1850.  It  appears  identical  with  "  Javanicus,  Lam.,"  in  Mus.  Cum.,  and 
is  extremely  like  " speciosus,  Japan."  Trochus  being  now  generally  retained 
for  the  Niloticus  group,  which  contains  the  largest  forms,  it  is  best  to  revive 
Swainson's  excellent  name  Calliostoma  for  the  "  Ziziphinus  "group.  A  specific 
name  should  not  be  used  for  a  genus,  where  a  distinctive  name  has  already 
been  accurately  described, 
1863. 


546  REPORT— 1863. 

290.   Calliostoma  M' Andrea  is  the  normal  state,  of  which  C.  Leanum  is  the  pale 

variety. 
292.  Mr.  Pease  considers  that  T.  Byronianus  represents  a  Polydonta  from  the  Pacific 

Islands. 

313-316.  The  non-pearly  Liotia  are  Conradia,  A.  Ad. 
322,  323.  Mr.  A.  Adams  thinks  that  the    "  Eihalia  "  amplectam  is  probably  the 

young  of  "  Teinostoma"  a.,  as  suggested  in  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  p.  253. 
338.   Crepidula  adunca,  Cpr.  (non  Sby.,=softVa.  H.d.s.,  =  rostrifonms,  Gld.).     The 

tropical  shell  is  C.  uncata,  Mke.~  =  (7.  rostrata,  C.  B.  Ad'.,  Rye. 
341.  Should  stand  as  C.  squama  :  v.  note  on  C.  B.  Ad.  no.  351. 
354.    Vermetus  eburneus,  Rve.,=  V.  ?glomeratm,  C.  B.  Ad.,  non  Lam.     The  note  to 

Ccecum,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  p.  314,  should  read : — "  Of  a  fourth  group,  Meioceras, 

three  species  are  known  from  the  Caribbean  Sea,  one  of  which  is  fossil  at 

Grignon.     The  earliest  Crecid  is  the  Eocene  genus  Strebloceras."      Vide 

Mpn.  Cfecidaj  in  P.  Z.  S.  1858,  pp.  413-444. 

387.  Cerithimn  irroratum,  Gld.  (teste  type  sp.  in  Mus.  Smiths.),  is  a  very  distinct 

East  Indian  species,  =  C.  obesum,  feby.  sen. 

388.  This  is  not  the  C.  interruptum  of  C.  B.  Ad.,  Sby.,  and  Mus.  Cum.  (Jiodie), 

which  latter  is  the  roughened  form  of  C.  stercus  muscarum,  Vol.  C.  Galla- 
paginis  is  the  rough  form  of  C.  interruptum,  Mke. 

389.  Vertayus  should  be  changed  into  Rhinoclavis,  Swains. ;  v.  note  to  289. 
391-393.  The   genus   Triforis  should  be   removed  to   Cerithiopsidce.      The   true 

lt  Triforis"  infrcquens  of  C.  B.  Ad.  is  a  dextral  shell,  =  Cerithiopsis  tuber- 
cidoides,  no.  557.  The  shell  here  doubtfully  affiliated  is  probably  a  variety 
of  T.  inconspicuus. 

398.  Litorina  Pliilippii=L,  ?parwila,  C.  B.  Ad.,  non  Phil.,=Z.  diibiosa,  C.  B.  Ad., 

nom.  prov. 

399.  =  Litorina  pullata,  Cpr. ;  described  from  Cape  St.  Lucas  specimens. 
409.  Probably = Rissoina  jirmata,  C.  B.  Ad.,-f-K.  scalariformis,  C.  B.  Ad. 

411.  "  Not  a  Barleeia"  teste  Jeffr.  MS.     It  seems,  however,  too  closely  allied  tc 

-B.  rubra  to  create  afresh  genus  for  it,  unless  the  animal  should  display  differ- 
ences. 

412,  413.  Belong  to  Fenella,  A.  Ad.*   F.  excurvata=? Itissoa  inconspicua,  C.  B.  Ad., 

non  Alder. 

417.  Fresh  specimens  prove  this  to  be  not  a  dead  Hydrobia  ulvce,  but  a  Barlecia. 

It  appears  on  the  Californian  coast,  as  £.  subtcnuis. 

418,  421.     Are  very  similar,  and  possibly  conspecific  forms  of  Cythna,  A.  Ad. 
422.  Is  a  Gemetta,  teste  A.  Ad. 

426,  427.  Belong  to  Styliferina,  A.  Ad. 

430  ct  seq.  Some  of  these  forms  may  rank  with  Gottoina,  A.  Ad.,  and  thus  approach 
Fossarus. 

437.  Luponia  spurca.     This  shell  is  quite  distinct  from  L.  albuyinosa,  to  which  it 

was  supposed  to  belong  by  Dr.  Newcomb.     It  is  probably  a  ballast  specimen. 

438.  Quite  distinct  from  the  Panamic  A.  punctulata. 

445,  446.   Cancellariadfs  should  be  removed  to  Proboscidifera,  teste  A.  Ad. 

450-452.  Mr.  Reeve  unites  all  these  species,  with  several  others,  to  M.  rariegata ; 
which  is  certainly  the  easiest  way  of  meeting  the  difficulty. 

453.  Myurella  rufocinerea=  T.  rudis,  Gray,  teste  Rve. 

477.   Conns  reyalitatis-^  C.  purpurascens,  var.     Most  Cones  vary  in  the  same  manner. 

484.  Torinia  variegata.  Mr.  Hanley  restores  to  this  shell  the  uncomfortable  name 
of  Chemn.  (perspectiviuncida),  and  unites  to  it  areola,  Desh.  A  careful  com- 
parison with  shells  from  the  Pacific  Islands  (teste  Pease's  specimens)  proves 
them  to  be  completely  identical.  The  *'  specific  "  names  of  Chemn.,  when 
simply  the  second  word  of  the  diagnosis,  can  hardly  claim  precedence. 

486.  The  genera  in  this  family  have  lately  been  revised  by  Mr.  A.  Adams.  A 
large  number  of  his  Japanese  groups  are  here  represented.  This  species 

*  The  generic  names  here  given  were  assigned  by  Mr.  A.  Adams,  who  kindly  examined 
the  figures  of  the  minute  Mazallan  shells,  all  of  which  have  been  drawn  under  the  micro- 
scope. 

32 


i  OX  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA,  5  i7 

ngrees  with  Pi/rami'della,  sp.  ind.,  C.  B.  Ad.,  no.  293  (not  294),  and  may  b* 

quoted  as  Obeliscus  AdamsiL 
487,  488.  Belong-  to  Evalea,  A.  Ad. 
489.  Is  a  Syrnola,  A.  Ad. 
492.  The  peculiar  appearance  of  the  a.pex  is  due  to  decollation,  as  proved  by  the 

discovery  of  an  adolescent  and  several  adult  specimens.    It  -probably  belongs 

to  Dinla,  A.  Ad.,  and=  Cingula  paupercula,  C.  B.  Ad.,  no.  253. 
498-500.  Belong  to  Miralda,  A.  Ad.     Parthenia  quinquecinda  =  ?  Cingula  turrit  nf 

C.  B.  Ad.,4.jR&sa0  notabilis,  C.  B.  Ad. 

501,  502.  Belong  to  Oscilla,  A.  Ad.  Parthenia  exarata^?  Cingula  terebeUum,C.ft.A<l. 
503-506.  The  "  Odostomoid  C/irysallidee  "  probably  rank  best  with  Mumiola,  A.  Ad. 
512.  GhrysaMida  ovulum=?  Cingula  inconspicua,  C.  B.  Ad. ;  non  ?Rissoa  inconspicua, 

C.  B.  Ad.  nee  Alder. 
513-515.  Are  Pyrgulina,  teste  A.  Ad.     The  Japanese  species,  however,  seem  more 

like  Parthenia,  no.  497. 
517.  Is  a  Stylopti/gma,  A.  Ad. 
520.  This  is  not  the  Chemnitzia  similis  of  C.  B.  Ad.  j  and  is  probably  a  variety  of 

Ch.  Panamensis. 

523.  =  Chemnitzia  qffinis,  C.  B.  Ad.,  pars  :  pars=  Ch.  ttndata,  no.  53]. 
535.  Is  perhaps  a  Mormula,  A.  Ad. 
645.  The  various  shells  grouped  under  Aclis  require  revision.    Comp.  Onoba,  A.  Ad., 

and  Ebala,  Gray,  which  is  figured  as  Aclis  in  Add.  Gen. 

549.  Ranks  best  with  Eulimella. 

550.  This  is  not  Leiostraca  recta,  C.  B.  Ad.,  and  may  be  called  Mucronalia  involute. 

551.  This  is  not  L.  solitaria,  C.  B.  Ad.,  and  may  be  called  L.  producta. 

552.  =  Mucronalia  solitaria,  C.  B.  Ad. 

553.  Ranks  best  with  Eulima,  teste  A.  Ad. 

555.  L.retexa-,  distinct  from  L.  iota,  C.  B.  Ad. 

556.  Should  be  Eidima,  teste  A.  Ad. 

557.  Vide  note  to  393. 

563.  Belongs  to  the  submenus  Seila,  A.  Ad. 

568.  Scalaria  raricosta  is  perhaps  the  young  of  8.  JElenensis. 

569.  S.  funiculata  and  8.  diadema,  with  their  congeners,  should  be  removed  from 

Cirsotrema  to  Opalia. 

670.  Dr.  Gould  dissents  from  the  affiliation  of  this  shell  to  the  West  African  species 
on  the  ground  that  "he  can  separate  the  African  from  the  Pacific  shells  as  fast 
as  we  can  hand  them  to  him."  So  easily  can  any  ordinary  naturalist  separate 
conspecific  British  and  Mediterranean  specimens,  or  Mazatlan  and  Panama 
specimens.  It  is  not  found  in  the  West  Temperate  fauna ;  the  "  var.  Cali- 
fornica  "  being  the  ordinary  type  from  the  Pacific  Islands,  which  is  much 
more  entitled  to  be  regarded  as  distinct  than  are  the  West  American  forms. 

572.  Is  shown  by  perfect  Cape  St.  Lucas  specimens  to  belong  to  a  natural  group 
of  species,  resembling  flattened,  perforated  Phasianelke,  to  which  the  name 
Eucosmia  may  be  given. 

580.  Appears  under  genus  " Lagena,  Klein,"*  in  Mils.  Cuming;  the  Argobuccina 
cancellation,  Oregonense,  &c.,  having  received  a  new  name,  Priene,  H.  &  A.Ad, 

589.  This  belongs  to  Closia,  Gray,  =  Volutella,  Swains.,  non  D'Orb. 

*  The  names  of  Klein  in  his  'Tentaraen'  and  *  Lucubratiuncula,'  1773,  are  not  entitled 
to  precedence  (according  to  the  Brit.  Assoc.  rules),  because  he  evidently  did  not  adopt  the 
Linnean  mode  of  binomial  nomenclature.  What  he  calls  a  "  genus  "  answers  more  to  the 
modern  idea  of  chapter  or  section.  By  chance,  some  of  his  names  are  allowable ;  but,  if 
used,  the  genus  must  be  regarded  as  that  of  Adams,  Gray,  Morch,  or  other  writer  who 
defines  it.  The  following  will  serve  as  illustrations  of  Klein's  "  genera" — "  Sol,  Luna, 
Stella,  &c. ;  Auris,  Anas,  Tigris,  Pes-anserinus,  Tuba-phonurgica,  Cochlea-lunar -w, 
Cochlea-ccelata,  &c. ;  jBuccinum-lacerum,  Buccinum-murivatum,  Thema-musicum,  &c. ; 
Ostreum-imbricatum,  Ostreum-muricatum,  &c. ;  Musculus-latus,  Mwculus-mammarius, 
&c. ;  Tellina-arcinata,  Tellina-virgata,  &c.;  Concha-long a-Hjoris,  Coneha-longa-uniforis; 
Concha-rpiXofios ;  "  and,  in  p.  167,  " Musculus-polylepto-gingtymus"  under  which  re- 
markable generic  name  is  given  as  the  first  species  "  Arca-Noce."  According  to  the  now 
fashionable  transformation  of  malar-ological  nomenclature  into  a  branch  of  archaeological 
research,  under  pretence  of  justice  to  ancient  writers,  the  hithevto  unirersully  understood 

3  33 


548  REPORT— 1863. 

692.  Oh'va  intertincta  is  very  close  to  the  young  of  0.  subangulata,  but  differs  in  tho 

chestnut  stain  on  the  columella.     I  have  not  been  able  to  compare  it  with 

the  young  of  O.  Cumingii. 
694.  Is  an  abundant  species  in  the  Eastern  Islands,  occasionally  seen  in  West 

Coast  collections. 
595.  Belongs  to  Anazola,  Gray.     The  remaining  Mazatlan  species  of  Olivella  are 

now  called  Olivina,  Gray. 

598.  Olivella  aureocincta=.  Oliva  pellucida,  C.  B.  Ad.,  non  Eve. 

599.  Olivella  inconapicua,  C.  B.  Ad.,  is  probably  the  young  of  the  colourless  var.  of 

O.  ffracilis,  Avhich  must  be  excluded  from  the  synonymy  of  O.  dama,  no.  GOO. 
606.  The  figure  of  Purpura  biserialis,  jun.,  Brit.  Mus.  tablet  2232,  is  stated  by  Mr. 
A.  Ad.  to  represent  the  genus  Simmgera,iyOi;b.,  =  Chelitropis,  Fbs.  ;  just  as 
Macgillivrayia  is  the  young  of  Doltum. 

611.  Rhizocheilusnux+R.  distans,  Cpr. 

612.  The  young  of  Vitularia  salebrosa  is  named  Fusm  fatoeBows,  Hds.,  in  Brit.  Mus., 

and  is  also  the  "  Ranella  triquetra  "  of  Nuttall's  collection. 

618.  Is  probably  C.  baccata,  Gask.,  in  Mus.  Cum.,  though  Mr.  Gaskoin  regarded  it 
as  new.  "  The  var.  obsoleta,  6186,  is  probably  C.  yalckvias,  Rve. 

619-622.  These  shells  may  perhaps  be  better  studied  under  Daphnella. 

631.  Certainly=j\r.  gemmulosa,  C.  B.  Ad. 

633.  Nassa  crebristriata  may  rank  as  a  var.  under  proxima,  C.  B.  Ad.,  which  is  pro- 
bably itself  a  var.  of  ver si  color. 

639.  This  aberrant  group  of  forms  is  now  transferred  to  Cantharus  inMus.Cuming. 
Perhaps  they  rank  better  with  Siphonalia,  A.  Ad. 

653.  Anachis  rufoiincta  ("new,"  teste  Gaskoin)  is  probably  =(M  diminuta,  C.  B. 
Ad.,  in  Mus.  Cum.,  but  scarcely  agrees  with  the  diagnosis,  nor  was  the  ac- 
cordance noticed  in  the  Amherst  types. 

659.   =P.  elegans,  Gray,  in  Griff.  Cuv.  pi.  25.  f.  2.  (1834.) 

The  following  species,  since  found,  must  be  added  to  the  catalogue  of  the 
Reigen  Collection.  The  specimens  are  deposited  in  the  British  Museum. 
The  descriptions  of  nos.  693-695  appear  in  the  appendix  to  the  Brit.  Mus. 
Cat. ;  the  remainder  are  ready  for  the  press. 

704.  Cellepora  areolata,  Busk.     On  Omphalius  ligulatus. 

705.  Menibranipora  ?Flemingii,  Busk.      „  ,, 

707.  Dactylina=C.  B.  Ad.,  Pan.  no.  516.  Obtained  from  M.  Heigen,  at  Mazatlan, 
by  Major  Rich. 

693.  Lyonsia,  sp.  ind.,  1  sp. 

694.  ?Motitacuta  chalcedonica,  1  sp. 

706.  VMontacuta  obtusa,  n.  s.,  2  sp.     Congeneric  with  157,  158. 

695.  Crenella,  sp.  ind.,  1  sp. 

696.  Pectuncultis,  sp.  ind.,  1  sp. 

697.  Cylichna  Carpenteri,  Hani.,  P.  Z.  S.  1358,  p.  643,  1  sp.     ?=  C.  luticola,  jun, 

698.  Scissurella  rimttloidcs,  n.  s.,  1  sp. 

699.  Vitrinclla  ornata,  n.  s.,  1  sp. 

700.  Vitrinclla  tcmtisculpta,  n.  s.,  1  sp. 

701.  ?  VitrineUa,  sp.  ind.,  fragment. 

702.  Mongolia  sulcata,  n.  s.,  1  sp. 

703.  ??Torinia,  sp.  ind.,  2  sp. 

'708.  Malea  ringens.     Obtained  from  M.  Reigen,  at  Mazatlan,  by  Major  Rich. 

53.  Jaifs  Catalogue. — Mr.  Hanley  states  that  after  the  return  of  Prof. 
"Nuttall,  his  duplicates  were  bought  by  the  elder  Sowerby,  who  sold  part  to 

designations  of  Lamarck,  &c.,  must  give  way  to  such  names  as  the  above ;  and  if  some 
other  *  Attempt '  or  '  Little  Lucubration '  of  a  year's  earlier  date  should  be  disinterred 
from  now-fortunate  concealment,  the  most  modern  'Guides'  and  'Books  of  Genera'  will  have 
to  be  re-written.  Klein's  idea  of  Argobuccinum  appears  to  have  been  that  of  a  "  Spotted 
\Vhclk,"  probably  Ranella  argus.  Argoltuccimim,  H.  and  A.  Ad.,  may  stand  as  defined  iii 
their  '  Genera'  for  the  thin  ventricose  Tritons,  'iliey  have,  however,  divided  the  species 
between  I'riene  and  Lagena. 

34 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  549 

Dr.  Jay,  and  part  to  Mr.  Stainforth.  The  specimens  in  Mus.  Cum.  were  re- 
ceived from  Dr.  Jay ;  those  in  Mus.  Haiiley  from  Mr.  Stainforth.  In  the 
third  edition  of  Dr.  Jay's  Catalogue,  1839,  appear  the  following  species  which 
have  not  been  identified,  and  localities  not  confirmed. 

14.   Tellina  rosea,  Lam.     California.     [Perhaps  Sanguinolaria  miniata.~\ 

33.  Pecten  tumidus,  Brod.       Upper  California. 

87.  Chiton  incarnatusj  Nutt.  „ 

„     Chiton  textilis,  Conr.  „ 

38.  Patella  plicata,  Nutt.  „ 

40.  Fissurella  pica,  Nutt.  „ 

41.  Crepidula  squamosa,  Brod.  „ 
„    Sulla  Californica,  Nutt.  „ 

68.  Natica  variolaris.     California. 

70.  Trochus  Californicus,  Nutt.     Upper  California. 

72.  Monodonta  fusca,  Nutt.  „ 

73.  Marmorostoma  planospira,  Nutt.          „ 
„    Litorina  iostoma,  Nutt.  „ 
„    Litorina  maculata,  Nutt.                        „ 

79.  Melongena  occidentalis,  Nutt,  „ 

80.  Murex  sexcostatm,  Bru^  „ 

86.  Monoceros  plumbeum,  Kien.  „ 

87.  Buccinum  Boysii,  Nutt.  n  , 

54.  C.  B.  Adams. — After  arranging  the  duplicate  Reigen  Collection  in  the 
State  Museum  at  Albany,  New  York,  I  proceeded  to  Amherst,  Mass.,  to 
study  the  type- collection  from  which  Prof.  Adams's  book  was  written.  The 
result  is  embodied  in  a  "  Heview  of  Prof.  C.  B.  Adams's  '  Catalogue  of  the 
Shells  of  Panama,'  from  the  Type  Specimens,"  written  for  the  Zool.  Soe.  in 
Jan.,  and  published  in  the  Proceedings  for  July  1863,  pp.  339-369.  In  this 
paper  the  synonymy  between  the  Mazatlan  and  Panama  Catalogues  is  pointed 
out,  and  the  species  assigned  to  the  modern  genera.  The  following  are  the 
principal  corrections  needed  in  the  list,  Rep.  pp.  267-280.  The  results  in 
the  succeeding  paragraphs,  pp.  280,  281,  should  be  altered  accordingly. 
(M.=Brit.  Mus.  Maz.  Cat.) 
3.  Ovula  neglecta=avena,  var. 

8.   Cyprcea  punctulata ;  quite  distinct  from  C.  arabicula. 
11.  Cyprcea  rubescens,  C.  B.  Ad.,  =  T.  sanguinea,  dead. 

15.  Marginella  sapotilla,  C.  B.  Ad.,  is  perhaps  a  large  form  of  sapotilla,  Hds.  It 
is  destitute  of  the  sharp  posterior  laoral  angle  seen  in  the  West  Indian 
specimens  of  ccerulescens. 

33.  Oliva  araneosa,  C.  B.  Ad.,=  O.  Melchersi,  M.  591. 
35.  Oliva  pellucida,  C.  B.  Ad.;  =  O.  aureocincta,  M.  598,  dead. 
40.   Oliva  venulata,  C.  B.  Ad.,  =  O.  angulata,  jun. 
43.  Nassa  canescens=dead  sp.  of  N.pagodus. 

50.  Nassa  pagodus,  C.  B.  K±,—decussata,  Kien.  [  ?  non.  Lam.]  =  acttfa,  M.  625. 

51.  Nassa  Panamensis  has  the  operculum  of  Phos  and  Northia,  =  exilis,  Pws. 

52.  Nassa  proximo +5±  N.  striata,  C.  B.  Ad.  [non  Mus.  Cum.  =  N.paupera,  Gld.], 

+N.  crebristriata,  M.  633,  are  probably  vars.  of  N.  versicolor. 

53.  Fossa  scabriuscula,  C.  B.  Ad., +  56  N.  Wilsoni=N.  complanata,  Pws. 
70.  Purpura  foveolata,  probably = worn  sp.  of  Cuma  costata,  M.  610. 

74.  Pur  pur  a  osculaw+Rh.  Calif ornicus+Rh.  distans,  are  probably  vars.  of  Rhizo- 

cheilus  mix. 

81.   Columbella  costellata,  C.  B.  Ad.,=Anachis  scalarina,  Sby. 
98.   Columbella  parva,  C.  B.  Ad.,  =  dead  sp.  of  Anachis  pyc/mcea. 
103.  Columbella  tessellata,  C.  B.  Ad.  (non  Gask.),=^4.  Guatemalensis,  Rve. 
110.  Cassis  abbreviata  can  scarcely  be  distinguished,  in  some  of  its  many  varieties 

from  the  Texan  Bezoardica  inflata. 
154.  Cancellaria  affinis  scarcely  differs  from  C.  urceolata,  M.  445. 

35 


550  BEPORT — 1863. 

160.  Cancellaria  pygmaa=  C.  goniostoma,  jim.,  no.  157,  =M.  446. 

164.  Pleurctoma  aiiior  —  Drillia  v.  Melchersi,  M.  461. 

169.  Pleurotoma  discors,  C.  B.  Ad.,  is  probably  a  finely  developed  var.  of  Z>. 

aterrima. 

182.  Pleurotoma  rustica,  C.  B.  Ad.,  =  worn  specimens  of  D.  Melchersi,  no.  164. 
191.  Manqelia  neglecta,  probably —M.  acuticostata,  M.  473. 
194, 195,  201  belong  to  Cerithiopsis. 
196.   Cerithium  famelicum  must  stand  for  the  "West  Coast  Uncinoids,  M.  383  ;  tbo 

Cumingian  shell,  and  two  out  of  ten  in  the  type-series,  belong  to  C.  me- 

diolave,  M.  382. 
198,  199,  200  are  various  forms  of  C.  stercus  muscarum,  Val. ;  quite  distinct  from 

C.  interruptum,  Mke.,  and  C.  irroratum,  Gld. 
203.  Does  not  correspond  with  the  diagnosis,  and  must  stand  as  Chrysallida  pau- 

percula,  a  very  distinct  species. 

208.  Is  scarcely  a  variety  of  Triforis  alternatus,  no.  207. 

209.  Both  the  specimens  are  dextral,=  Cerithiopsis  tuberculoides,  M.  557. 

210.  Turritella  Banksii,  C.  B.  Ad.  (non  Rve.}  =  T.  goniostoma,  jim.,  M.  379. 
217.  A  dead,  stunted  specimen  of  Ccecum  undatum,  M.  371. 

220.  Chemnitzia  acuminata  is  a  very  broad  but  typical  species ;  not  Clirysallida. 

221.  Chemnitzia  affinis,  Mus.  Cum.  and  M.  523,  has  sufficient  correspondence  with 

the  diagnosis  ;  but  the  type=  Ch.  undata,  M.  531. 

222.  Chemnitzia  clathratula.      The   type-series  contains    Chrysallida   clathratida, 

M.  513  and  Mus.  Cum.,+  CAr.  communis  +  Chr.  effusa,  M.  510,+ Dunkeria 
subanyulata,  M.  537. 

223.  Chemnitzia  communis,  the  type  of  Chrysallida,  M.  507,  Cpr.  (vix  A.  Ad.). 

The  type-series  also  contains  Chr.  effusa+Chr.  telescopium,  M.  508,  +  jDww- 
keria  subangulata,-}-?do.  var. 
225.   Chemnitzia  major  ranks  with  Dunkeria. 

227.  Chemnitzia  Panamensis  contains  also  Ch.  Adamsii,  M.  519,  -\-Ch.  ?  gracillima, 

M.  530. 

228.  Chemnitzia  similis,  like  aculeus ;  differs  from  Ch.  ?similis,  M.  520,  which  per- 

haps =  Panamensis,  var. 

230.  Chemnitzia  turrita^ZSl,  "  Rissoa,  sp.  ind." 

231,  235,  237,  238.  These  species  of  "  ?Litorina  "  belong  to  Fossarus. 

233.  Litorinaatrata-\-  (adult)  257,  ?Adeorbis  abjecta,  are  the  same  (variable)  species 

of  Fossarina,  A.  Ad. 

239.  Litorina  parvida,  C.  B.  Ad.  (non  Phil.),=Z.  Philippii,  M.  398. 
244.  Rissoa Jirmata+()\mJ)  250,  R.  scaliformis=jRissoina,  sp.  M.  409. 
246.  ?Rissoa  inconspicua,  C.  B.  Ad.  (non  Aid.),  does  not  accord  with  the  diagnosis, 

but  is  identical  with  Akania  tumida,  M.  414. 
249.  Rissoa  notabilis -\-Cingida  ?turrita  belongs  (with  252  and  254)  to  another 

suborder, =Parthenia  quinquecincta,  M.  498. 

252.  VCinffula  inconspicua=  CJirysallida  ovulum,  M.  512. 

253.  Cingula  paupercula = ?  Odostomia  mamillata,  M.  492,  =  Diala. 

254.  Cingula  terebellum—Parthenia  exarata,  M.  501. 

261.    Vitrinella  minuta.     The  original  type  accords  better  with  Ethalia. 
266.    Vitrinella  regularis  is  also  an  Ethalia. 

269.  Vitrinella  valvatoides.     Probably  an  Ethalia. 

270,  271.  Are  apparently  vars.  of  Solarium  granulatum. 

272.  May  be  distinguished  as  loyinia  rotundata,  frtfni  its  great  superficial  resem- 
blance to  Helix  rotundata. 

275.  Trochus  Leanus  is  a  pale  var.  of  Calliostoma  M'Andreee. 

276.  Trochus  lima  can  scarcely  be  distinguished  from  C.  Antonii,  Mus.   Cum., 

dredged  in  the  Japan  seas  by  Mr.  A.  Adams. 

277.  Trochus  lividus,  C.  B.  Ad.,=Modulus  disculus,  M.  403. 

280.  Trochus  re1iculatus=  Omphalius  viridulus,  M.  292. 

281 .  Turbo  Buschii,  C.  B.  Ad.,  =  Uvanilla  inermis,  M.  287,  =  T.  varicgatus,  Gray,  MS. 

in  Brit.  Mus.     The  true  U.  Bmchii  is  coloured  outside  like  U.  olivacea,  but 
with  a  white  base  like  U.  inermis.     St.  Elena,  Hds.  in  Brit.  Mus. 

282.  lurbo  phasianetta,  C.  B.  Ad.,  is  probably  the  perfect  form  of  Phasianclla}  ?var. 

36 


ON  MOLLUSC  A  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OP  XORTH  AMERTCA.  551 

striulata,  M.  2836.      Its  operculum  proves  it  to  be  a  true  Phasianella,  and 

not  Melaraphe  phasianella,  Phil.,  of  Add.  Gen. 
283.   Turbo  rutilus,  the  worn  remains  oi  what  perhaps  was  once  Pomaulax  undosus, 

brought  in  ballast  from  Lower  California. 
239.  Scalaria,  sp.  c,  =  Opalia  funicuhita,  jun.,  M.  569. 
290.  Eulima  [Leiostraca]  iota  appears  distinct  from  L.  retexta,  M.  555. 

292.  Eulima  [^Mucronalia]  so  itaria= Leiostraca,  sp.  a,  M.  552. 

293.  Ptframidella,  sp.,=  0fe/*Vet«  Adamsii,  M.  486. 

296.  Natica  lurida,  C.  B.  Ad., = pale  var.  of  N.  maroccana. 

297.  Natica  otis,  C.  B.  Ad.  (non  Br.  and  Sby.),  =  Polinices  "  Salangonemis"  C.  B.  Ad., 

no.  298. 

299.  Natica  Souleyetiana,  C.  B.  Ad.,  closely  resembles  N.  maroccana,  with  larger 

umbilicus. 

300.  Natica  virginea,  C.  B.  Ad., +  302,  N.,  sp.  ind.  b,= Polinices  uber,  M.  576. 

301.  Natica)  sp.  a,  =  maroccana,  var.  unifasciata. 
318.  ??  Tnmcatetta  dubiosa  is  probably  a  Paludinella. 

321.  Sulla  punctulata-B.  Adamsii,  M.  224. 

322.  Sulla,  sp.  =  Tornatina  carinata,  M.  223. 

323.  Vermetus  ?glomeratus,  C.  B.  Ad.,=  V.  eburneus,  Rve.,  M.  354. 

324.  Vermetus  Panamensis,  C.  B.  A.d.,=Aletes  centiquadrm,  M.  352. 

325.  Stomatella  injlata  is  a  Lamellaria. 

326.  Hipponyx  ?subrufa,  C.  B.  Ad.,=  ZT.  Grayamis,  jun.,  M.  35Q,+?barbatus,  jun. 

327.  Hipponyx  ?barbata,  C.  B.  Ad.     The  type-series  contains  H.  barbatus,  M.  349, 

+H.  Gray  anus +Di<cina  Cumingii",  hi.  14  (valve). 

330.  Calyptrcea  aberrans  is  a  valve  of  Anomia. 

331.  Calyptraa  aspersa=  Galerus  conicus, broken,  worn,  and  young;  one  sp.  may  be 

mamillaris. 
333.   Calyptrcea  conica.     Most  of  the  specimens  are  G.  mamillaris,  =  340,  G.  reyn- 

laris ;  but  a  few  may  be  the  true  G.  conicus,  worn,  M.  332. 
338.   Calyptrcea  planulata  is  a  young  flat  C.  cepacea. 

342.  Cahjptrcca  ??un(/uis,  C.  B.  Ad.,=  Crucibulum  spinosum,  jun. 

343.  Crepidula  cerithicola=  C.  onyx,  jun.,  M.  340, -fC.  incurva,  jun.,  M.  339. 

349.  Crepidula  squama.    Some  of  the  young  shells  belong  to  C.  onyx ;  one  perhaps 

to  C.  incurva. 

350.  Crepidula  unguiformis.    Some  of  the  specimens  belong  to  this  species  j  others 

to  C.  nivea. 

351.  Crepidula  nivea.     The  type-specimens  are  small,  poor,  and  rough,  of  the  var. 

striolata,  passing  into  Lessonii.  Perhaps,  therefore,  the  first  name  squama 
should  be  retained  for  the  species  (nos.  348,  349,  350,  part,  and  351),  leaving 
striolata  and  Lessonii  for  the  vars. 

352.  Crepidula  osculans  belongs  to  another  order,  =  Scutettina  navicelloides,  M.  269. 

353.  Crepidula  rostrata,  C.  B^Ad.,  Rve.,=  C.  uncata,  Mke.,  M.  338;  and  is  perhaps 

distinct  from  C.  adunca,  Sby.,  =  -so^V7«,  Hds^^rostriformis,  Gld. 

357.  Fissurella  microtrema.     Dead  shells,  of  which  part=  V.  rugosa,  var.  M.  273. 

358.  Fissurella  mus.     Intermediate  between   Glyphis  incequalis,  M.  279,  and  var. 

pica. 

361.  Fissurella  mrescens.    Intermediate  between  F.  v.,  M.  271,  and  F.  nigropunctata, 
no.  359. 

366.  Siphonaria  ?pica,  C.  B.  Ad.     Young  dead  limpets  [?Acmcea~\. 

367.  Lottia  ?patina,  C.  B.  Ad.  [non  Esch.],  may  stand,  until  more  specimens  have 

been  collated,  as  Acmcea  (?Jloccata,  var.)j^/osa. 

368.  Lottia,  sp.  ind.  a,  may  be  quoted  as  Acmcea  (?floccata,  var.)  subrotundata. 

369.  Lottia,  sp.  ind.  b,  may  rank,  for  the  present,  as  Acmcea  (?vespertina,  var.) 

vernicosa. 

371.  ? Patella,  sp.  ind.,  resembles  P.  vulgata,  but  may  be  an  Acmcea. 
372-376.  There  was  no  opportunity  of  dissecting  the  Amherst  Chitons  ;  but  among 

the -remaining  duplicates  of  the  collection  (all  of  which  were  obtained  and 

brought  to  England)  were  the  following  : — 
373.  Chiton  diipar,  C.  B.  Ad.  (!J  non  Sby.),  including  Lcpidoplcurus  Adamsii  and 

var.  and  L.  tcnuisculytus. 

37 


552  REPORT— 1863. 

375.  CJiiton  pulchellm,  along  with  Ischnochiton  Elennms,  and  ?vor.  expressus. 

376.  Chiton  Stokesii.     Sent  as  C.  patulus  by  Mr.  Cuming. 
377-379.  Probably  vars.  of  Anomia  tennis  (non  lampe). 

380,  381.   Ostrea,  sp.  ind.  a  and  b,  a  peculiar  corrugated  species,  which  may  stand 
as  O.  Panamensis. 

382.  Ostrea,  sp.  ind.  e,  resembles  O.  rufa,  Gld.,  MS.  (not  Lam.  in  Deless.),  not 

Columbiensis. 

383.  Ostrea,  sp.  ind.  c?,  more  like  the  Gulf  Mex.  shells  than  O.  Virginica,  M.  212. 

384.  Ostrea,  sp.  ind.  e,  may  stand  as  O.  amara.     The  "small  var."  is  O.  concha- 

phila,  M.  214. 

386.  Spondylus,  s^.j—Plicatulapenicittata,  M.  210. 
393,  394.  Perna,  sp.  a,  6,  =  7.  Chemnitzianum.    The  Jamaica  conspecific  shells  are 

labelled  "  bicolor,  Ad." 
396.  Pm>m  tuberculosa,  C.  B.  Ad.,  probably = P.  maura,  jun. 

398.  Lithodomus,  sp.,  includes  Z.  aristatus,  M.   176,  Z.  attenuatus,  M.  173,  and 

Z.  ?plumula,  jun.,  M.  175. 

399.  Modiola  semifusca,  C.  B.  Ad.,=7J/.  Braziliensis,  M.  171.  More  like  the  Atlantic 

shells  than  are  those  from  Gulf  Cal.     A  specimen,  undoubtedly  from  N. 
Zealand,  is  pronounced  conspecific  by  Mr.  Cuming. 

400-404.  Modiola,  sp.  ind.,  contains  M.  capax,  M.  170,  J/ytf.  multiformis  [= Adam- 
sianus,  Dkr.],  M.  168,  several  vars.,  and  Adula  cinnamomea,  var.  M.  177. 

405.  Chama    Buddiana    (in    poor  condition)  =  Ch.    (?frondosa,   var.)   fornicata, 

M.  121  b. 

406.  Chama  ?cormigata,  small  valve ;  large  one  ?  =  Ch.  Mexicana,  reversed. 

407.  Chama  echinata.  C.  B.  Ad.,  ?— Mexicana,  ]\m.,+Buddiana,  jun 
414.  Area  ?aviculoides,  C.  B.  Ad.,  appears  a  young  Scapharca. 

419.  Arcapholadiformis  —  Sarbatiagradata,  var. 
422.  Area  shnilis,  scarcely  a  variety  of  A.  tubercidosa,  no.  425. 
432.   Cardium  planicostatum,  C.  B.  Ad.,  may  be  a  worn  valve  of  Hemicardia  bian- 
gulata,  but  more  resembles  a  ballast  specimen  of  the  W.  Indian  H.  media. 

435.  Venus  ?amathusia,  C.  B.  A.d.,  =  Anomalocardia  subimbricata,  M.  113 

436.  Venus  discors— Tapes  grata,  M.  110,  var.,+  T.  histrionica,  M.  109. 
442.    Venus,  sp.  b,=  Chione  sugillata,  Eve.  (  =  ?crenifera,  M.  105). 

450.  Gouldia  Paci/ica,  M.  116,  does  not  belong  to  the  Professor's  genus,  but  is  a 

form  of  Crassatetta. 

451.  Cyrena  maritima.     ll  The  discovery  of  Cyrena  in  brackish  water  is  a  fact  of 

some  importance  to  geologists,  which  was  duly  appreciated  by  D'Orb  "  (T. 

Prime,  in  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  1861,  p.  314.) 
457.  Donax  rostratus,  C.  B.  Ad.  (non  Gld.,  MS.,  and  from  it  Cpr.  in  M.  Appendix, 

p.  549),  teste  type-valve =D.  carinatus,  Mus.  Cum.  olim,  and  from  it  M.  71 ; 

non^Z).  carinatus,  Mus.  Cum.  hodie,  and  type,  teste  Hanl.,=i>.  culminahis, 

M.  72. 

459.   Tel/ina  cognata— Psammobia  casta,  Eve.,  teste  Cuming. 
465.  Tellina  felix.  The  affiliation  of  this  shell  to  Strigillafucata,  Gld.,  MS.,  was 

doubtless  due  to  an  accidental  error  in  labelling.    No.  476  is  th"  e  same 

species,  dead. 

468.   Tellina  piiella.     Resembles  T.  felix,  not  ??puella,  M.  59. 
471.  Tellina  simulans.     The  type-valve  exactly  accords  with  the  Professor's  W 

Indian  specimens. 
473.  Tellina  vicina,  C.  B.  Ad.,-versicolor,  C.  B.  Ad.,  MS.  on  label.     Larger  than 

most  W.  Indian  specimens,  which  exactly  accord  with  the  Acapulcans,  and 

are  varieties  of  Heterodonax  bimaculatus.      The  Panamic  shells  resemble 

the  Lower  Califorman,  which  are  Psammobia  Paci/ica,  Conr. 

477.  Petricola  cognata.     Perfect  specimens  are  P.  pholadiformis,  teste  Cum 

478.  Saxicava  tennis,  Sby.,  C.  B.  Ad.,  H.  and  A.  Ad.,='Petricola  tennis,  H.  and  A. 

Ad.  Gen.  pp.  349-441,  and  better  accords  with  the  latter  genus. 
479,482.   Cumingia  coarctata  =  lamellosa,  var.  M.  42. 
480,  481.   Cumingia  trigonularis,  M.  43. 

483.  Cumingia,  sp.  c,  =  M.  45,  and,  if  not  described,  may  stand  as  C.  Adamsil 

484.  Cuminyia,  sp.  rf,  =  M.  tablet  107,  p.  31. 

38 


ON  MOLLUSCA  CVF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  553 

485.  Ampliidesma  bicolor  =  Semele  ?renusta,  M.  41  (non  A.  Ad.)- 

487.  Ampliidesma  proximum,  probably =486,  ellipticum,  var. :  not  Semele  proximo,, 

M.  4Q,  =  S.Jlavescens,  Gld.,  M.  p.  54S. 

489.  Ampliidesma  striosum,  resembles  Semele  pulchra,  no.  488. 
491.  Ampliidesma  ventricosum.     Scarcely  perfect  enough  to  distinguish  the  genus. 

The  valve  outside  resembles  Macoma  solidula. 

497.  Anatina  alta.     A  valve  of  Periploma  ;  probably  one  of  the  Gulf  species. 

498.  Pandora  cornuta,  named  and  described  from  a  fractured  growth ;  resembles 

Clidiophora  claviculata. 
499;  500  are  varieties  of  the  same  species  of  Azara,  of  which  perhaps  no.  50i  is  an 

extreme  form. 
506.   Corbula  rubra=  C,  biracliata,  jun.,  no.  503,  M.  31.     No.  509  are  dead  valves 

of  the  same,=  C.  poly  chroma,  Cpr. 
508.   Corbula,  sp.  a,  resembles  C.  pustulosa,  M.  32. 

510.  Solecurtus  affinis,   probably  =  S.  Caribbceus  =  Siliquaria  gibba,  Spengl.,   S.I. 

Check-List,  no.  222.  The  W.  African  specimens  are  affiliated  to  the  same 
species  by  Mr.  Cuming.  The  Mazatlan  shells,  M.  37,  have  a  different 
aspect,  but  closely  resemble  the  Ariquibo  specimens  in  Mus.  Amherst. 

511.  Solen  rwlis  is  named  Sokna  obliqua,  Spengl.,  in  Mus.  Gum.     It  appears  iden- 

tical with  Ensatella  ambiaua,  Lam.,  as  figured  by  Deless. ;  but  S.  amlit/ua 
(Lam.),  Swains.,  is  slightly  different,  am  I  better  agrees  with  the  dead  valves 
of  "  &  medius,  Alatska,"  in  Brit.  Mus.  These  may,  however,  be  only  ballast- 
valves.  As  S.  ambigua,  Lam.,  was  described  from  America,  and  the  form 
is  not  known  elsewhere,  it  probably  represents  the  Panamic  shell. 

515.  Pholas,  sp.  a,  =  laqueata.  teste  Cum. 

516.  Pholas,  sp.  b,  closely  resembles  Daetylina  dactylus;  also  La  Paz,  teste  Rich. 

The  following  species  were  collected  by  Prof.  Adams,  but  do  not  appcr.r 
in  his  Catalogue ;  they  were  found  either  mixed  with  others  in  the  Amherst 
Museum  or  in  the  shell- washings  of  hjs  duplicates*. 


528.  Coecum  clatliratum. 

529.  Lepidopleurus  tenuisculptus. 

530.  Ischnochiton  Elenens.s, 

531.  Cerithiopsis,  n.  s. 

532.  Lucina  capax. 

533.  Kellia  suborbicularis, 

534.  Sphaenia  fragilis. 

535.  Tellina  lamiiuua. 

536.  Crenella  inflata. 


518.  Mumiola  ovata. 

519.  Chrysallida  effusa. 

520.  Chrysallida  telescopiunu 

521.  Chiysallida  fasciata. 

522.  Chrysallida,  n.  s. 
52->.  Leiostraca  retexta. 
524.  Eulima  yod. 

52o.  Volutella  margaritula. 
520.  Caecum  semilaeve. 
527.  Caecum  subquadratum. 

55.  British  Museum  Catalogues. — To  the  list  of  Deshayes,  Cat.  Veneridce, 
may  be  added — 

Page. 

7.  Dosinia  ponderosa,   Gray,=  Cy^  gigantea,   Sby.,=  Venus  cycloides,   D'Orb. 

[Gulf]  California. 
135.   Chione  callosa  [Desh.  et  auct.  K\it.,=  Ch.Jluctifraga,  var.,  quite  distinct  from 

Callista  (Amiantis)  callosa'],  Conr. 
147.   Chione  astartoides,  Beck,  Greenland.      [1849.    =  Tapes  fluctuosa,  Gld.,  1841 ; 

teste  Gld.,  Otia,  p.  181.    Midd.'s  figures  more  resemble  V.  Kennerleyi,  jun.] 

The  authorities  are  rarely  given  for  localities  quoted  in  this  elaborate 
work.  The  same  species  often  occur  under  different  names.  The  Veneridce 

*  With  regard  to  the  speciee  which  have  received  different  designations  in  the  Eeigen 
and  Adamsian  catalogues,  whether  those  names  be  retained  of  which  the  specimens  exist, 
and  have  been  widely  distributed,  in  accordance  with  the  diagnoses,  or  whether  the  prior- 
ones  be  adopted  of  which  the  unique  types  do  not  represent  the  descriptions,  is  a  matter 
of  little  moment  to  the  writer  of  the  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  He  spared  no  pains  in  making-out 
his  predecessor's  species  before  describing  his  own,  and  has  offered  the  best  attainable 
ligfc  of  the  parallel  forms  in  the  review  here  quoted. 

39 


554  IMPORT— 1SG3. 

in  the  Brit.  Mus.  Coll.  have  received  Deshayes'  autograph  names,  in  accord- 
ance with  this  Catalogue,  generally  on  the  back  of  the  tablets. 

In  the  Brit.  Mus.  Catalogue  of  Volutidce  *,  1855,  Dr.  Gray  arranges  tho 
W.  Coast  species  thus  : — 

Page.  Jfo. 

17  7.  Lyria  (Enatd)  Harpa,  Adams,  167 ;  Gray,  P.  Z.  S.  1855,  p.  61 ;  Hob.  Peru, 

=  Valuta  Harpa,  Barnes,  Sby.,  Conch.  Thes.   [=  Voluta  Barnesii,  Gray, 
Zool.  Journ.  vol.  i.  p.  511,  note.] 

18  10.  Lyria  (Enceta)  Cumingii,  Brod.  (loc.  cit.~).     Central  America,  S.  Salvador, 

Gulf  Fonseca. 

56.  Sailor's  Coll. — Pecten  ?senatorius  may  be  a  form  of  sericeus,  Hds. 

57.  Gould's  Collections. — "  Planorbis  ammon,  =  Tras7cei,  Lea.      P.  yraci- 
lentus  '?  =  Liebmanni,  Dkr.,  or  Haldemanni"  teste   Gld.  MS.      The  collec- 
tions of  Mr.  Blake  and  others  will  be  found  under  the  "  Pacific  Railway 
Explorations,"  v.  postea,  par.  98. 

53.  Bridyes. — Some  ot'  the  species  described  as  new  on  Mr.  Cuming's 
authority  appear,  on  farther  comparison,  to  be  identical  with  those  before 
known. 

?  Scrobicufaria  producta—Lutricola^  Dombeyi,  Lam. 

Strigilla  disjuncta  appears  to  the  author  identical  with  S.  sincera,  Hani.  ["  Quite 
distinct,"  PI.  Cuming.j 

Lyansia  diaphana=L.  inflata,  Conr. 

Calliostoma  M'Andrece  =  nonnal  state  of  C.  Leamim,  C.  B.  Ad. 

Natica  cxcavata+N.  Haneti,  Reel.,  appear  varieties  of  N.  Elena,  Reel.,  the 
analogue  of  lineata,  Chemn. 

Add  Aiwa  ("  Tnchotropis")  Gouldii,  H.  and  A.  Ad.,  P.  Z.  S.  1856,  p.  369;  1861, 
p.  272. 

59.  Pro?,.  Zool.  Soc. — The  following  additional  synonyms  have  been  ob- 
served in  the  list,  Rep.  pp.  285-288  :— 

R'ge. 

18'j5       4:-».    Vt-mts  lt*tcodon+  Californicnsis  [=  Chione  sitccincta,  Val.  1833]. 
,,        110.  Pecten  circularis  [?  =  ventricosus,  jun.]. 

1850  24  PL  8.  f.  4.  (Add)  Cuming-ia  smrilis,  A.  Ad.     N.W.  coast  of  America. 

„         37.  Gena  varia,  A.  Ad.     Mindoro,  9  fms.,  Cuming ;    Australia;  Acapulco, 
on  the  sands,  Moffat.     [Clearly  imported.] 

1851  153.  Infundibuliim  Catifornicum  [is  a  Pacific  shell =7.  cfiloromphalus,  var.]. 
„        168.   '/Azinliinus  Californicus  [=  Calliostoma  ezimium,  Rve.]. 

„       190.  Margarita  calostoma  [  =  3/.  pupitta,  Gld.,=costellata,  Brit.  Mus.  Col., 
non  Sby.]. 

1853  185.  Pseudolioa  Kellettii,  A.  Ad.  [  =  Macron  (Zemira)  Kellcttii,  Mus.  Cum.  r 

=  Pusio  trochlea,  Gray,  MS.  in  Brit.  Mus.    Cerros  Is.,  Ayres]. 

1 854  316.   Chlorostoma  funebrale  [  =  Tr.  marginattts,  Nutt.  (non  Rve.) ;  =  T.  moestm, 

auct.  nonnul. ;  non  Jonas]. 
359.   Tellina  Mazatlanica  [=2!  pura,  Gld.,  1851]. 

1855  231.  Chiton  Montereyensis  \=.Mopalia  lignosa,  Gld.,  1846 :—Merekii> Midd.. 

1847]. 
„       231,  232.  Ch.  Hartwe.gii  and  regularis  belong  to  Isdmochiton. 

*  In  Donovan's  'Naturalist's  Repository,'  vol.  ii.  1834,  p.  61,  appears  (without 
authority)  "  Valuta  Dufresnii,  Don.,  California,  S.  America." 

t  This  belongs  to  a  group  of  species  in  which  the  cartilage  is  semi-internal,  intermediate 
between  Scrobicularia  ( =  Lutricoltt)  and  Macoma.  They  are  arranged  under  the  former 
group  in  Add.  Gen.  ii.  409,  as  "subgen.  Capsa,  Bosc."  That  Lamarckian  name  being  in 
common  use  for  Ipkigenia,  Schum.,  and  being  also  employed  for  Asaphis  and  Gastrana,  it 
adds  to  the  confusion  to  use  it  for  a  fourth  group.  The  bulk  of  Blainville's  old  genus 
having  migrated  to  Lutraria  and  Scrobicularia,  his  name  may  bo  revived  for  this  group 
not  otherwise  provided-for.  The  species  was  redescribed  in  consequence  of  Duwliyi  having 
been  lei't  among  the  true  Tellens  in.  Mus.  Cum. 

40 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OP  THE  WEST  COAST  OP  NORTH  AMERICA.  OIX* 

Page. 

1855     2.;4.   Cattopoma  depression  [  =  Senectus  funiculatus,  Kien. :  not  American], 
The  following  species  appear  in  later  numbers  of  the  Proceedings  : — 

1S5G    .360.  Mytihn  Adamsianm,  Dkr.  [=3/.  multiformis].     Panama,  Cuming* 
„       365.    Volsella  splendida,  Dkr.     California. 

Dr.  Gray,  in  his  elaborate  article  on  the  divides,  1858,  pp.  38  et  seq., 
gives  0.  julieta,  Duel.,  0.  araneosa,  Lam.,  and  0.  venulata,  Lam.,  as  syno- 
nyms  of  Strephona  reticularis,  Lam. ;  and  quotes  as  "  species  (?)  more  or  less 
allied  to  it,"  0.  polpasta,  Duel.,  0.  splendidula,  Duel.,  "  O.jaspidca,l)iid.,= 
0.  Dmlosii,  Rve."  [?],  0.  Tcaleontina,  Duel.  (Gallapagos),  0.  Curningii,  Rve., 
and  Oliva  Schumacheriana,  Beck,  "California:  front  of  pillar-lip  brown" 
[?=(9.  Cumingii,  var.]. 

For  0,  volutella,  Lam.  (including  0.  razamola,  Duel.),  he  constitutes  tho 
genus  Ramola. 

For  0.  undatella,  Lam.  (including  0.  tTiieroglypliica,  Rve.,  0.  nodulina, 
Duel.,  and  0.  ozodina,  Duel.),  and  similar  species,  he  forms  the  genus 
A.nazola. 

The  restricted  genus  Olivella  is  altered  to  Olivina,  and  includes  (from  the 
West  Coast)  0.  gmcilis,$by.,  0.  anazora,Ducl.,  0.  tergina,  Duel.,  0.  lineolata 
=  dama,  Goodall*;  and,  in  a  section,  0.  columellaris,  Sby.,  0.  semisulcata, 
Gray,  and  0.  zonalis.  Lam. 

The  California!!  species,  0.  biplicata,  Sby.,  =  0.  nux,  Goodall,  in  Wood,  is 
placed  in  the  genus  Scaphula.  This  is  constituted  for  an  animal,  "  Olivancilld 
auricuJaria,"  D'Orb.,  on  which,  in  his  work  on  S.  America,  he  figures  the 
shell  of  0.  biplicata  (teste  Gray).  The  shell  might  in  some  way  have  become 
mixed  with  S.  American  specimens ;  but  as  D'Orb.  could  not  possibly  have 
there  observed  the  living  animal,  the  genus  should  be  restricted  to  the  latter. 
The  shell  of  0.  biplicata  is  very  peculiar,  and  has  not  been  found  south  of 
San  Diego.  D'Orbigny's  genus  is  Olivancillaria. 

Page. 

1850  280.  Terebra  strigata,  Sby.,  Tank.  Cat.  Panama,  Real  Lejos.  =£uecmum 
elongatum,  Gray,  Wood,  =  Terebra  zebra,  Kien.;  =  Terebra  flammea, 
Less. 

„       287.  Terebra  Salleana,  Desh.     Mexico  [?ubi],  Satte. 

,,       302.  Terebra  Petiveriana,  Desh.  (Pet.  Gaz.pl.  75.  f.  5).  Panama.  Mus.  Cum. 
„       303.   Terebra  tpecillata,  Hds.     "Probably  two  species  here  figured."     San 

Bias,  Mexico. 
„       303.   Terebra  larviformis,  Hds.     "Probably  two  species  here  figured."     St. 

Elena,  Monte  Christi. 

„       307.  Terebra  formosa,  Desh.     Panama.    Mus.  Cum. 
„       307.   Terebra  incomparabilis,  Desh.  [=T.  flammea,  Lam.,  teste  Rve.,  P.  Z.  S. 

I860,  p.  450].     Panama.     Mus.  Cum. 
„       308.   Terebra  insignia,  Desh.     Panama.    Mus.  Cum. 

„       428.  Spondylm  Victoria,  Sby.,  pi.  40.  fig.  8.    Gulf  of  California.  Mus.  Cum. 
.,       42  x  Murcx  t&niatus,  Sby.,  pi.  4v».  fig.  3.     Gulf  of  California.      Mus.  Cum. 
133  J    3/0.  Leda  Taylori,  Hani.     Guatemala.     Mus.  Cum.,  Taylor. 
„       440.  Leda  Hindsii,  Hani.     ?  Gulf  of  Nicoya.     Mus.  Cum.,  Hani.,  Mete. 
„       448-450    I  Review  of  Deshayes'  '  Monograph  of  the  Terebridee,'  1859,  by  Mr. 
'  j      Reeve.     His  synonyms  are  quoted  under  par.  62,  '  Conch.  Ic.' 
1862     239      5     JBursa  fusco-costata,  Dkr.     California,  Mus.  Cum.      [No   autho- 
rity.]    Like  JJ.  bitubercularis,  Lam. 

*  Many  of  the  names  given  to  the  shells  in  Wood's  Suppl.  were  arbitrarily  altered  by 
P'*.  Goodall,  as  the  work  passed  through  the  press  (teste  Graji).     However,  if  the  first 
,  they  will  be  allowed  the  right  of  precedence, 

41 


556  REPORT — 18(33. 

In  the  P.  Z.  S.  1861,  pp.  145-181,  is  the  first  part  of  the  long-expected 
"Review  of  the  Vermetidce"  by  Otto  A.  L.  Morch.  The  species  of  the 
West  Coast  are  arranged  as  follows  : — 

Pa  "6.    8  pi 

l.ji     4.     Stcphopoma  pennatum,  March,  pi.  25.  f.  3-8.          I  Realejo,  on  Cattop:in* 
Io2     ..    Stephopoma  pennatum,  ?var.i/s/»w0sa,pl.25.f.9,10. •(       and  Cruciluhmi. 
153     5.     Siphonium  (.Dendropomd)  meyamastum,  Morch,  pi.  25.  f.  12,  13,    ••  r('*U- 
fornia ;  burrowing  in  Huliotis  nodosus,  Rve."     [Not  a  Caliibruian 
species.] 
. .    Siphonium  (Dendropoma)  megamastum,  var.  centiquadra,  Morch. 

"  =Aletes  centiqttadrus,  var.  imbricatus,  Maz.  Cat.  p.  302,'"  Morch  foon 
Cpr.].    California,  burrowing  in  Haliotis  splendens  [a  strictly  Califor- 
niau  species,  not  found  on  the  Mexican  coast]. 
1&4    6.     Siphonium  (Dendropoma)  lituetta,  Morch.     California ;  deeply  imbedded 

in  Haliotis  splendens ;  Mus.  Cum. 
?  =  Stoa  ammonitiformis,  M.  de  Serres. 

=iSfriroy?yphu8,  sp.,  Cpr.,  B.  A.  Report,  p.  324.     [Found  on  shells  from 
Washington  Ter.  to  Cape  St.  Lucas  (also  Socoro  Is.,  Xantm)  ;  but  it 
has  not  been  observed  on  the  Mexican  or  Central  American  coast.] 
164     20. , Siphonium  margaritarum,  Val.     Panama,  Vol.;  Mazatlan,  Reiyai. 

"  = Aletes  margaritarum,  Maz.  Cat.  p.  303,"  [teste  Morch,  non  Cpr.*]. 

177  ^36.   Vermiculm  pellucidus,  Brod.  and  Sby.,  pi.  25.  f.  17-20. 

Var.  a.  planorboides  —  Serpula  regulans,  Chenu.    Hob.  ? — 9  on  ?Maryari* 

tifera.     Mus.  Cum. 
Var.  aa.  laquearis.     W.  Columbia,  Gaming. 

178  . .        Var.  /3.  cinnamomina.     W.  Columbia,  Cumin g. 

. .  Var.  y.  volubilisj  Morch,  pi.  25.  f.  18,  19.=  Vermetus  eburneus,  Rve.,= 
V.  lumbricalis,  Knight.  Hob.  ?—.  Mus.  Cum. 

. «  • «  Var.  8.  volubilis  (adulta)  picta,  Morch,  =  Verm,  eburncus,  Maz.  Uat. 
p.  304.  W.  Columbia,  Cuming  ^  Puntarenas,  Oersted,  Journ. 
Conch,  viii.  p.  30. 

. «  •  •  Var.  f.  crassa,  Morch,  =  Serp.  Panamensis,  Chen.  111.  pi.  10.  fig.  5  = 
Vermiculus  eburneus,  Morch,  Journ.  Conch,  viii.  30.  Puntareuas, 
Oersted.  "Fossil  at  Newburn,  N.C.,"  Nuttatt  [teste  Morch]. 

179  „.        Var.  ^.  tigrina,  Morch.     W.  Columbia,  Cuming. 

. .        Var.  77.  castanea,  Morch.     On  Murex  melanoleucus,  Morch. 
. .    Operculum :  W.  Columbia,  Cuming. 

Var.  1,  from  var.  8.=  Vermetus  Hindsii,  Gray,  Add.  Gen.  fig.  ?8,  a,  6. 
Puntarenas,  Oersted. 

180  . .        Var.  2,  discifer,  from  var.  8.     Puntarenas,  Oersted. 
..      . .        Var.  3,  from  var.  €.     PI.  25.  f.  17. 

Var.  4,  subgranosa,  from  var.  77.     Puntarenas,  Oersted. 

181  38.    Vermiculus  efusus,  Val.,  =  "  Vermetus  e.,  Val."  Chen.  HI.  pi.  5.  fig.  4, 

a-c.   =:  Siphonium  e.,  Chen.  Man.  fig.  2301.     "  Fig.  4  of  Chen,  t  is 
from  specimen  figured  in  Voy.  Ven.  as  V.  centiquadrus." 
In  the  second  part  of  Morch's  "Review  of  the  Vermetidce"  1861,  pp. 
326-365,  occur  the  following.      A  portion  of  the  genus  Bivonia  is  united  to 
Spiroylyphus.     Petaloconchus,  Ahtes,  and  part  of  Bivonia  are  united  to  Ver- 
metus, Morch  (non  auct.).     The  name  Aletes  appears  to  be  used  in  a  varietal 
sense,  in  no  respect  according  with  the  subgenus  as  described  by  the  author. 

*  I  was  perhaps  wrong  in  referring  the  Mazatlan  shells  to  Val.'s  species ;  but  if  Mr. 
Morch  is  right  in  his  own  determination,  the  Mazatlan  synonymy  and  locality  must  be 
expunged.  There  was  no  evidence  of  a  typical  Siphonium  when  the  Reigen  Catalogue  was 
published,  nor  have  I  seen  such  from  the  whole  coast,  unless  ih>  minute  operculum  hy 
Brit.  Mus.  Col.,  tablet  2537,  be  supposed  the  young.  Morch  says,  "  the  lid  is  unknown." 
The  operculum  of  the  similar  Mazatlan  species,  on  which  the  subgenus  Aletes  was 
founded,  is  described  in  Maz.  Cat.  p.  302. 

f  "  Cpr.'s  observations  respecting  Chenu's  plates  (Maz.  Cat.  p.  306,  lin.  18)  are  in  part 
erroneous,  it  being  overlooked  that  Chenu  has  two  plates  marked  '  V.' :"  note  *,  p,  C37t 

42 


ON  MOLLTJRCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  557 

Spirxfflyphus  alLidus,  ?Cpr.  Mazatlan,  Reirjen.  Operculum  g  et  ?/,  Maz. 
Cat.'  p.  -Ml.  =  Bivonia  albida,  Cpr.,  Maz.  Cat.  p.  307.  Operc.  g  is  with- 
out doubt  of  Spirofffyphu-s,  and  not  of  Bivonia,  var.  indentata.  Operc.  / 
is  truly  congeneric,  and  perhaps  conspecih'c. 

344  4.    Vermetus  (Thi/lcicjdu')  contortus,C])Y.*    Gulf  Calif.    Mas.  Cum. 

Var.  «.  repent  (Tnylacodits).  Gulf  Ca  if.,  on  Mart/aritifera,  Mns.  Cam. 
"  This  species  is  perhaps  a  state  of  V.  (Petaloconchus)  macrophraj- 
ma."  [Morch:  uon  Cpr.] f 

345  ..        Va,r.p.favosa(Thu7acodus).     Calif.,  on  Crucibulum.     M us.  Cum. 
. »       .  •        Var.  y. '  cantor  tula  (  Thylacodus),     Gulf  of  California. 

,.       ..  Formal.     ?Thyldcodus  contortus,  var.  indent  ata,   Cpr.       "Corre- 

sponds to  forma  1,  electrina,  of  Vermetus  varians,  D'Orb." 
Var.  6\  indentata  (Vermetus),  [Morch, non  Cpr.].    Sonsonate,  on  Spon- 
dylus  limbatus,  Rve.,  non  Shy.     Oersted. 

346  . .        Var.  € .  corrodens  ( Vermetus}.     Is.  Sibo  (PQuibo),  Spengler,  on  Pur- 

pur  a  lineata. 

359  20.  Vermetus  (??  •Strebloceras)  anellum,  Morch.  California,  on  Haliotis  tttber- 
culatus,  live.  [Not  a  Californian  .Haliotis.  The  diagnosis,  howeve**, 
exactly  accords  with  aCalifornian  shell,  which  is  perhaps  the  young-  of' 
S.  squamiaerus.  It  has  no  resemblance  to  Slreolocerax,  Cpr.,  P.  Z.  S. 
1858,  p.  440,  which  is  a  genuine  C«cid.J 

860  21.  Vermetus  (Macrophragma)  macrophragma.  Mazatlan,  &c.=Petaloconcht  s 
m. ,  C  pr.  Realej  o, '  Oersted. 

362  24.   Vermetus  (Aletes)   centiquadrus,  Val.  Puntarenas,    Oersted  +  V. ,  effusuz, 

Val.  (the  same  specimen). 
« .     . .        Var.  a.  maxima—  V.  Punamensis,  Chen.  pi. 5.  f.  1.    Panama,  C.  B.  Ad. ; 

Mazatlan,  Melchers. 
Var.  /^.  Punctis  impress-is  destituta,=  V.  Peronii,  Val.^ 

363  . .        Var.  y.  siphonata.     Puntarenas,  Oersted—  V.  Peromi,  Rouss. 

Var.  d.  tulipa.  Gulf  of  California,  on  piece  of  black  Pinna,  Mus.  Cum. 

[The  Pinna  niyrina  is  from  the  E.  !•]=  V.  tulipa,  Rouss. 
. ,      . .        Var.  e.  Bridgesii.    Panama,  on  Margaritifera,  Mus.  Cum. 

The  conclusion  of  the  paper  is  in  P.  Z.  S.  1862,  pp.  54-83. 

58      4.     Bivonia  sutilis,  Morch.   Central  America,  on  Anomalocardia  subimbricatu, 

Mus.  Cum. 

. .        . .        Var.  at.  ?major.     On  Pinna,  probably  Central  America,  Mus.  Bunker. 
Var.  /3.  triquetra.     Mazatlan,  on  valve  of  Placunanomia,  Mus.  Semper. 

Like  B.  triquetra,  "  var.  typica." 
70      8.     Thylacodes  cruciformis,  Morch.      California,   on   Crucibulum  ? umbrella, 

Desh.,  var.  Mus.  Cum.     Analogue  of  7,  T.  Rusei,  Morch,  from  the 

east  coast. 
Var.  a.,  lumbricella.     Voy.  Ven.  pi.  11.  f.  2.     California,  crowded  on 

Margaritifera.     Mus.  Cum. 
..       ..        Var.  /3.  erythosclera.      CaL,   on   young  Margaritifera.      Mus.  Cum. 

Very  like  Biv.  Qttoyi,  var.  variegata.     [This  species  is  on  shells  from 

the  Mexican,  not  the  "Californian  "  fauna J 
76     16.   Thylacodes  squamigera,  C-pi\,= Aletes  sg.,  Cpr.,  P.Z.S.  1856,  p.  226.     Sta. 

Barbara,  Nutt.  [Serpttlorbis,  not  Aletes}  teste  Cooper]. 

*  Mr.  Morch  has  not  seen  any  laminae  inside,  but,  from  the  3-5  spiral  lirse  on  the 
columella,  believes  they  will  be  found.  The  opercula  supposed  to  belong  to  this  species 
(Maz.  Cat.  p.  311)  Mr.  M.  thinks  more  probably  those  of  Spiroglyphus  albidus.  He 
states  (erroneously)  that  the  shell  was  not  opened  by  the  describer. 

f  Morch  supposes  that  Bivonia  contorta,  Cpr.,  may  be  the  adult  of  Petaloconchus 
macrophragma,  and  that  both  may  be  forms  of  Aletes  centiquadrus.  The  nuclear  por- 
tions are,  however,  quite  distinct,  and  the  three  shells  appear,  from  beginning  to  end,  as 
far  removed  as  any  ordinary  Vermetids  can  be  from  each  other. 

J  The  writer  doubts  respecting  this  species,  and  think%  the  shell  on  which  it  is  para- 
sitical to  be  a  Melo,  and  not  Strombus  galea,  simply  because  named  after  Peron,  who 
did  not  visit  this  dislnuu 

43 


558  BEPORT— 18G3. 

Page,      gp. 

70  1(3  Yar.  a.  pcnnafa,-=-  V.  mar  gar  if  arum,  Val.  Yen.  pi.  11.  f.  2.  (fig.  min.), 
Cal.  Mas.  Cum.  [Affiliated  to_the  Californian  species  on  supposi- 
titious evidence,  and  probably  distinct.  These  appear  to  be  from  the 
tropical  fauna.]  Analogue  of  the  W.  Indian  T.  decussatus,  Gmel. 

73  21.  ?Thylacodes  oryzata,  Morch.  Probably  W.  Central  America,  from  the 
adhesions;  but  "China:  "  Mus.  Cum. 

, .        . .        Var.  at,,  annulata.     Panama.     Mus.  Cum.* 

In  P.Z.S.  1861,  pp.  229-233,  is  given  a  "  Catalogue  of  a  Collection  of  Terres- 
trial and  Eluviatile  Molluscs,  made  by  0.  Salvin,  Esq.,  M.A.,  in  Guatemala: 
~y  the  Eev.  H.  B.  Tristram."  But  few  of  the  49  species  occur  in  Mexican 
collections  ;  none  are  identical  with  "W.  Indian  species,  except  such  as 
are  of  universal  occurrence  in  tropical  America ;  and  the  16  new  species 
show  close  generic  affinities  with,  the  shells  of  the  northern  regions  of  S. 
America.  The  shells  have  been  identified  from  the  Cumingian  celieetion. 
The  new  species  are  described,  and  some  of  them  figured. 

Page.    No.    PL     Fig: 

230  1     ....     Helix  GhiesbregUi,  Nyst.    The  largest  Helix  in  the  New  World. 
2     . .      . .     He1  ix  eximia,  Pfr. 

.  •        3     . .      . .     Helix  LalU  ana,  Pfr.,  var. 

« .        4     . .      . .     Helix  eun/omphala,  Pfr.     Closely  allied  to  the  S.  American 
//.  taxata. 

5  . .      . .     Helix  coactiliata,  Fer. 

6  . .      . .     SvUmus  Pazianus,  D'Orb. 

7  . .      . .     Bulimus  Moricandi,  Pfr. 

. .        8  . .  Bulimus  Hondiiratianus,  Pfr. 

9  .  .  Bnlimus  Dysoni,  Pfr. 

10  26  8.  Bulimus  semipeUucidus,  n.  s.     Allied  to  B.  discrepctns,  Sby. 

. .      11  . .  . .  Succinea  ?putris,  Ln. 

. .      12  . .  . .  Glandina  Ghiesbreghti,  Pfr. 

13  . .  . .  Glandina  Carminensis,  Morelet.     Described  from  Costa  Rica. 

. .       14  . .  . .  Achatina,  sp.  ind. 

. .      15  . .  . .  Achatina  octona,  Lam. 

. .      16  . .  . .  Spiraxis  Lattrei,  Pfr. 

17  . .  . .  Spiraxis  Shuttleworthii,  Pfr. 

231  18  . .  . .  Spiraxis  Cobanensis,  n.  s. 
19  . .  . .  Spiraxis,  sp.  ind. 

. .      20  . .  . .  Leptinaria  Emmelince,  n.  s. 

21  . .  . .  Leptinaria  Elisa,  n.  s. 

. .      22  . .  . .  Cylindretta  Ghiesbregliti,  Pfr 

. .      23  . .  . .  Cyhndrella  Salpinx,  n.  s. 

• .      24  . .  . .  Physa  Sowerbyana,  D'Orb. 

..      25  ..  ..  Physa  purpurostoma,  n.  s.     Lake  of  Duenas. 

26  . .  . .  Planorbis  corpulentus,  Say. 

232  27  . .  ..  Planorbis  tmnidus,  Pfr.     [Comp.  P.  tumens,  Maz.  Cat.  238.]  . 

28  .  *     . .     Planorbis  Wyldi,  n.  sp.     Lake  of  Duenas. 

29  . .     . .     Planorbis  Duenasianm,  n.  s.     Lake  of  Duenas. 
. .      30     . .     . .     Planorbis,  sp.  nov.,  in  Mus.  Cum. 

. .      31     . .     . .     Segmentina  Donbilli,  n.  s.     Lake  of  Duenas. 

..      32     ..     ..     Melampus  fasciatus,  Chem.     Salt-marshes  on  coast. 

. .      33     . .     . .     Adamsiella  Osberti,  n.  s. 

*  The  present  posture  of  binomial  nomenclature  is  well  illustrated  in  this  most  elabo- 
rate paper,  which  few  naturalists  have  professed  to  understand.  The  shell  of  which  tha 
operculum-spine  is  figured  in  plate  25.  f.  16,  is  quoted  as  "  Siphonium  (Stoa)  subcre- 
natum,  v.  spinosa"  The  shell  described  in  Maz.  Cat.  p.  307  is  quoted  as  "  Vermetus 
(Thylacodus)  contortus,  var.  y.  contortula  (Thylacodus},  forma  1,  Thylocodus  (?)  con- 
tortux,  var.  indentata,  Cpr."  Perhaps  the  sentences  of  Klein  and  the  early  writers  are 
more  easy  to  understand  and  remember.  The  Chilonida  of  Middendorff  (v .  First  Keport, 
p.  214)  are  simple  in  comparison, 

44 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  559 

Page.    No.    PI.     Fig. 

.  .      34  . .  .  .  Cistula  trochlearis,  Pfr. 

3?*  , ,  . .  Chcindropoma  rubicundum,  Morelet. 

30  ..  ..  Mcgalomasto  masimulacrum,  Morelet.  Described  from  Costa  Rica. 

37  .  .  .  .  Cyclophorus  ponderosus,  Pfr. 

38  .  .  .  .  Cyclophorus  translucidus,  Sby. 
233     39  26  11.  Macroceramus  polystreptus,  n.  s. 

40  26  9, 10.  Helicina  Sakini,  n.  s.     Like  H.  turbinata,  Wiegni.     Mexico. 

41  .  .      .  .     Helicina  amcena,  Pfr. 

42  .  .      .  .      Helicina  Oiveniana,  Pfr. 

. .      43     .  .      . .     Helicina  merdigera,  Salle.     Described  from  Nicaragua. 
„ .      44     .  .      . .     Helicina  Lindeni,  Pfr. 

. .      45     . .     . .     Helicina  chryseis,  n.  s.     Mountain  forests  of  Vera  Paz. 
e  .46,47,48. .     . .     Paludinella,  3  species  apparently  undescribed. 
. .      49     . .      . .     Pachycheilus  CO-MMUS,  Morelet.      Larger  than  in  previously 
noted  habitats. 

The  vol.  for  1863  contains  Dr.  Baird's  descriptions  of  new  species  from 
the  Vancouver  collections  of  Lord  and  Lyall,  which  will  be  tabulated,  infra, 
par.  103  ;  and  the  Eeview  of  Prof.  Adams's  Panama  shells,  which  has  already 
been  quoted. 

60.  Sowerby,  '  Conchological  Illustrations,'  1841. — The  following  are  addi- 
tional localities  or  synonyms : — 

Ko.  Fig. 

2  46.  Cardium  Indicum  [is  exotic  ;  closely  allied  to  C.  costatum~\. 

56  18.  Cardium  maculatum,  Sby.     Cal.,  &c.     =  C.  maculosum,  Sby.  (preoc.). 

90  ..  Murex  imperialis,  Swains.    Cal.    =M.  pomum,  var.  Gmel.    [Perhaps  dis- 

tinct ;  may  be  the  W.  I.  analogue  of  bicolor.~] 

91  38.  Murex  erythrostoma,  Swains.     Acapulco.     [?=bicolor,  var.] 

45     102.   Cyprcea  albuginosa,  Gray.     Mexico,  Ceylon.     [The  Ceylon  shell  is  pro- 
bably poraria,  sp.  44.] 
1       45.  Erato  scabriascida,  Gray.     Acapulco.   —Marginella  cyprceola,  Sby. 

62  40.  Fissurdla  Lincolni,  Gray,  MS.  [An  extremely  fine  specimen  ( supposed 
fl  unique  ")  of  Glyphis  aspera,  Esch.  Mr.  Lincoln  is  also  quoted  for 
the  "  finest  of  the  four  known  specimens  "  of  Lucapina  crenulaia.  sp.  19, 
f.  31,38:  "Monterey."] 

54  [Erase  this  line  in  the  former  Report,  and  substitute  as  follows  : — ] 

55  JSulimus  umfasciatus,  Sby.     Galapagos. 

'  Thesaurus  Conchyliorum,'  G.  B.  Sowerby,  &c.  To  the  list  in  Rep.  pp. 
288,  289,  may  be  added:— 

Page.       PI.        Fig. 

51       12  23.  Pecten  circularis,  Sby.     Cal.,  St.  Vincents.     [The  name  may 

stand  for  the  W.  Indian  shell,  the  Californian  being  P.  ven~ 

tricosus,  jun.] 

57       12     20,  21.  Pecten  latiauritus,  Conr.    Cal.    +"P.  mesotimeris,  Conr." 
261       59         144.  Tellina  sincera,  Hani.     N.W.  Coast  America.    [= Panama.] 
769     165     36-38.    Venerupis  cylindracea,  Desh.   C&l.,  =  Petricola  Californica,  Conr., 

+  P.  arcuata,  Desh., + P.  subglobosa,  Sby. 
865     179     59-77.   Cerithium  ocellatum,  Brug.     Gulf  Cal.,  &c.     =  C.  irroratmn  [C. 

B.  Ad.  (Gld.  MS.)  ;  non]  Gld.  E.  E.,=  C.  interruptum  [C.  B. 

Ad. :  non  Mke,  necl  Gld. 

Sp.  Fig. 

47        43,44.  Conus*  interrupts,  Mawe,  Wood.     [Slender,  coronated  sp.]  non 
Br.  and  Sby.     Hab.  ?— 

*  Mr.  Sowerby  remarks,  "  As  the  collector's  great  object  is  to  Jcnoiv  the  shells,  I  have 
preferred,  in  most  cases,  giving  the  species  as  they  stand,  stating  the  alleged  differences, 
and  leaving  the  final  decision  to  individual  taste."  He  further  states,  with  regard  to  some 
groups,  that  "  the  characters  of  the  shells  are  very  uncertain,  and  the  intentions  of  the 
authors  still  more  so."  The  names,  references,  and  localities  are  given  on  lists  to  face  the 
plates,  and  the  diagnoses  separately,  with  a  copious  index.  An  attempt  also  u  made  to 

45 


500  REPORT — 18C3. 

8p.         Pig. 

(J-i  80.  Comts  tiaratus,  Brod.     Galapaeos. 

79     128,129.  Conns puncticulatus,  Brug.     Salango,  St.  Elena,  W.  Col., 

..  130.  Conus  puncticulatus,  \&r.,=papillosus,  Kien. 

391.  Conus puncticidatus.     [Mazatlan.] 

392.  Conus  puncticulatus ,  ?KS<fatpiutulosu*j  Kien. :  ?+Mauritianus,  Lam. 
J53             190.  Conus  viryatus,  E.ve.,=zebra,  Sby.,  non  Lam.  [Resembles  reyularia 

var.]     Salango,  W.  Col.,  Cuminy. 
Conus  viryatus,  va,r.,~Lorenzianus,  Rve.,  non  Chem. 
193.   Conus  viryatus,  var.,  =  Cumin yii. 

L06  192.  Conus  scalaris,  VaL,  —gradatus,  Rve.     Salango,  W.  Col.,  Cuming. 

127  194.  Conus  incurvus,  Brod.    [Resembles  specimens  from  La  Paz.]   Mont9 

Christi,  W.  Col.,  Cuminy. 

180    285, 402.   Conus  Ximenes,  Gray, = inter  i-uptits,  Brod.,  non  Mawe.  [Like  puncti- 
culatus. var.]     Mazatlan,  W.  Columbia,  Cuminy. 
L57  324.   Conus  perplexm,  Sby.     Gulf  Cal.,  W.  Col.,  Cuming. 

84  384.   Conus  arcuatus,  Br.  and  Sby.     Mazatlan,  Pacific  [?]. 

15        26-28.  Fissurella  Mexicana,  Sbv.    'Real  Llejos,  Mexico,  j   rTf  ,,    ,      r,. 
78.  Iftwreftt  Jfewca/ia,  Sby.     Porto  Praya. 

are  probably  incorrect ;  it  belongs  to  the  Chilian  fauna.] 

41  46,47.  Fissurella  ruyosa,  Sby.     W.  Indies  [  =  W.  Mexico]. 

32  88,  89.  Fissurella  alba,  Cpr. "  [Gulf  of]  California. 

65        64,  65.  Fissurella  niyrocincta,  Cpr.     [Gulf  of]  California. 

56  67.  Fissurella  te'nebrosa,  Sby.,  jun.  [PGulf  of]  California.   Like  the  last, 

54  80.  Fissurella  obscura,  Sby.  Real  Llejos,  Cum.  ["  Gal."  in  P.Z.S.  1834.] 

68     154-156.  Fissurella  excelsa,  Rve.,  +  F.  alta,  C.  B.  Ad. 

8(3  123.  Fissurella  Panamensis,  Sby.     "In  Conch.   111.,  this  very  distinct 

shell  is  united  to  that  since  named  F.  excelsa,  Rve." 
115     187-189.  Fissurella  cancellata,  Soland.    St.  Vincent's,  Honduras  Bay,  Guada- 

loup,  California.     [No  authority  for  the  latter.] 

7        12,13.  Harpa  Ricoliana,  Less.,  =  //.  crenata,  Swains.     Acapulco. 
1860. 

2  57.  Dentalium  pretiosum,  Nutt.   "  —striolatum,  Stn.     Massachusetts. 

Less  curved  and  tapering  near  apex  than  D.  entale,  more  cylin- 
drical throughout,  but  a  doubtful  species."      [The  type-speci- 
mens are  not  striated.]     California. 
10.  Dentalium  hexayonum,  Gld.     N.  America :  China,  Singapore. 

42  34.  Dentalium    pseudosexagonum,   Desh.     Masbate,   Philippines :   W« 

Columbia. 

41.  Dentalium  splendidum,  Sby.     Xipixapi,  W.  Col. 
32.  Dentalium  liratum,  Cpr.     "  Malgattem."     [Maz.  Cat.  244.] 

48  31.  Dentalium  quadranyulare,  Sby.     Xipixapi,  W.  Col.     [Like  tetra- 

yonum,  but  striated,  and  much  smaller/] 

49  21,  22.  Dentalium  tetrayonum,  Sby.     W.  Col.    [Young  shell  square,  adult 

round.] 

In  the  very  elaborate  monograph  of  the  Nuculidce,  by  S.  Hanley,  Esq.,  tha 
following  species,  quoted  as  from  the  W.  Coast,  are  minutely  described : — 

2  33.  Leda  Sowerbiana,  D'Orb.     Xipixapi. 

=  N.  elonyata,  Val. 

—  N.  lanceolata,  G.  Sby.,  non  J.  Sby.,  nee  Lam. 
7  85.  Leda  Taylori,  IIanl.,  =  2V!  lanceolata,  Lam.,  non  G.  nee  J.  Sby. 

Guatemala.    (P.  Z.  S.  1860,  p.  370.) 
29        70-72.  Leda  Elcncnsis,  Sby.     Panama. 

33  90.  Leda  eburnea,  Sby.,=lyrata,  Hds.     Panama:  Bay  of  Caraccas. 

classify  the  forms  according  to  their  natural  affinities.  It  is  rarely  that  monographers 
and  artists  take  such  laudable  pains  to  supply  the  wants  of  students.  In  the  monograph 
of  Galeomma  and  Scintilla,  however,  the  locality-marks  have  not  been  observed  to  a 
single  species,  except  the  "  British  G.  Turtoni  "  and  its  "  Philippine  analogue,  G.  macro- 
$cki.<tmai  Desh."  This  is  the  more  remarkable,  as  most  of  the  species  were  described  by 
Desh.,  with  localities,  in  P.  Z.  S.  1855,  pp.  167-181. 

46 


ON  MOLLTJSCA  OP  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


561 


In  the  '  Malacological  and  Conchological  Magazine/  by  G.  B.  Sowerhy, 
London,  1838,  is  a  monograph  of  Leach's  genus  Margarita.  The  following 
probably  belong  to  the  N.  W.  Coast,  and  are  figured  in  the  Conch.  111. ; — 

Page. 

25.  Margarita  striata,  Brod.  and  Sby.     Boreal  Ocean. 
20.  Margarita  undulata,  Sby.     Arctic  Ocean. 

26.  Margarita  costellata,  Sby.     [Non  Brit.  Mus.  Col.  =  M.  pupilla,  Gld.;  differs  in 

having  the  interspaces  of  the  spiral  ribs  decussated.    Arctic  Ocean.] 
26.  Margarita  acuminata,  Sby.     Arctic  Ocean. 
30.  Aphrodite  columba,  Lea,  =  Cardium  Grosnlandicum. 

Several  West  Coast  species  were  named  and  figured  in  the  elder  Sowerby's 
'Genera  of  Recent  and  Eossil  Shells,'  London,  1820-1824 ;  a  work  of  singular 
merit  for  its  time,  but  left  unfinished*.  The  stock  was  purchased  by  a  dealer, 
with  a  view  to  completion ;  but  newer  works  have  occupied  its  place,  and 
the  valuable  plates  and  text  remain  useless  in  his  hands.  As  no  dates  appear 
in  the  bound  copy  of  the  work,  it  cannot  be  stated  whether  the  species  here 
named  by  Mr.  Sowerby  had  been  before  published.  The  loss  of  the  original 
work  has  been  in  some  respects  supplied  by  the  completion  of  the  extremely 
similar  '  Conchologia  Systematica/  by  L.  Eeeve,  vol.  i.  1841,  vol.  ii.  1842. 
It  might  almost  be  considered  a  second  edition  of  the  '  Genera,'  of  which 
some  of  the  plates  occur  in  the  quarto  form.  References  are  here  given  to 
the  species  reproduced  from  Sowerby's  unfinished  work,  which  is  often  quoted 
by  Mr.  Reeve  according  to  the  "  Numbers  "  in  which  it  appeared  :-— 


Bve. 

!:g- 

3. 
4. 
1. 

1. 

2. 
6. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
3. 
6. 

2. 
2. 
1. 


,  Gmel.,=  T.  rufescenSjChem.,"  Rve."], 
Lwdttaria  p.,  Schum."  Rve.  C.  S.], 


Dillw.]. 


I  Sby. 

!  Fig.  Sowerby'g  Genera. 

I    2.    Cumingia  trigomdaris. 

3.  Cumingia  lamellosa. 

4.  Cumingia  coarctata. 

1.   Tellina  opercidaris  ["  = 

1.  Lucina  punctata  [Linnv 
2,5.    Venus  subrugosa. 

7.   Venus  gnidia. 

2.  Cytherea  planulata. 

3.  Cytherea  aurantiaca. 

4  [non  3].  Lithodomus  caudigerus 

3.  [Appears  to  represent  attenuatus,  Desk.] 

6.  Modiola  semifusca  [inside  view ;    exactly  accords  with  Braziliensis,  Maz, 

Cat.,  but  is  not  Lamarck's  species,  teste  Hani.]. 
2.  Lima  squamosa  [Lam.]. 

2.  Ostrea  Virginica  [Lam.]. 

1.  Placunanomia   Cumingii.      "Brought  by  Mr.  Henry  Cuming  from  the 
Gulf  of  Dulce,  in  Costa  Rico." 

1.  Lottia  gigantea,  Gray.     Genus  named  in  Phil.  Trans. =Patelloides,  Quoy 

and  Gaim.  ?  South  America.  [The  U.  S.  E.  E.  specimens  were  la- 
belled "  Valparaiso."  It  comes  to  us  from  many  parts  of  the  world, 
but  is  only  known  to  live  in  Middle  and  Lower  California.  =  Tecturella 
grandis,  Cpr.,  B.  A.  Rep.  1861,  p.  137. 

3.  SipJionaria   Tristensis.      [The  figure   is  singularly  like  the  Vancouver 

species,  S.  thersites.~] 

2.  Crepidula  onyx. 

4.  Crepidida  aculeata:  U=P.  auricula,  Gmel." 

3.  Caluptrcea  ?  extinctorium.     [Sby.j  non  Lam. 

imbricataJ] 

4.  Calyptrcea  spinosa. 


The  non-pitted  form  of 


*  The  last  Part  (no.  34)  appeared  "  March  31,  1831,"  many  years  after  the  previous 
issues ;  teste  Hani. 
1863. 


562  REPORT — 18G3. 


Bve. 
Fig. 


5,0. 


1. 

2 
1. 

C. 

a* 

3. 
4. 
1. 

1. 


Sby. 

Fig.  Sowerby's  Genera. 

5.   Calyptreea  imbricata.     [The  pitted  form.     Appears  in  C.  S.,  f.  1,  as  "•''  C, 

nif/osa,  Less."] 
7.  Calyptreea  ?spinosa,  var.     [The  flat,  smooth  form  of  spinosa.   Appears  in 

C.  S.,  fig.  4,  as  "  C.  cinei-ea,  Rve.,  P.  Z.  S.  1842,"  p.  50.      On  a  log  of 

wood  floating  off  Cape  Horn.] 
2.  Bulla  viresccns. 

1.  Nerita  ornata  [=scabricosta,  Lam.]. 

2,  3.  Litori na  pulchra,  =  Turbo  p..  Swains. 

4.  Litorina  varia.     Panama. 

5.  Cerithium  varicosum. 

9.  Cerithium  Pacificum.    [Closely  resembles  Potamis  ebenim<s.~\ 

1.  Fasciolaria  auraniiaca  [with  operc.  (non  Lam.)  =  JF.  pn/*<T/js,Lam.,Rve.]. 

5.  Murex  phyllopterm  and  operc.      [Appears=  Cerostuma  foUatum.     The 

operc.  seems  to  have  been  rubbed  outside.] 

1.  Columbella  strombiformis,  Lain. 

2.  Columbella  labiosa.     "  California  "  [t.  e.,  Panama,  &c.]. 

1.  Purpura  patula  [Linn.  "=  Perdicea  nodosa,  Petiver,  =  Cymbium  tulcrcsur.i 
patulum,  Martini."     Rve.  C.  S.]. 

6.  Purpura  planospirata. 

9.  Purpura  callosa  [=  Cuma  tcctuni]. 

3.  Monoceros  luyubre  [—cymatum,  Tank.  Cat.]. 

4.  Monoceros  cinijulatum  [Lam.:  Leucozonia]. 

1.   Trichotropis  bicarinata,  and  [Nassoid]  operculum. 

1.  Oliva porphijria  [Linn.,  "=  Cylinder  porphyrcticus,  D'Arg.,=  Castra  Tur- 
cica,  Martini.' ^    Rve.  C.  S.]. 

5.  Cypraa  pustulata  [Lam.]. 


The  following  additional  West  Coast  species,  figured  in  the  '  Conch.  Syst.,' 
may  be  quoted  for  their  synonymy.  The  authorities  for  all  the  species  are 
given,  but  no  localities : — 

PL    Fig. 

26  1.  Solecurtus  Dombeyi,  Lam.  [appears  intermediate  between  S.  Dombeyi, 
Mus.  Cum.,  and  S.  ambiyuus,  Lam.]. 

223  7.  Turbo  squamiger,  Rve.  P.  Z.  S.  1842,  p.  186  [without  locality.  'Gala- 
pagos, CumingJ  in  Conch.  Ic.  Also  Acapulco,  Jewett,  &c.]. 

229     2.    Turbindlus  acuminatus,  Wood,  Kien.  [closely  resembles  Latirus  castancus]. 

203  G.  Buccinwn  elegans,  R-ve.,  P.  Z.  S.  1842,  fromllinds's  Col.  [is  the  southern, 
highly  developed  form  of  B.  fossatum,  Gld.  The  name  is  preoccupied 
by  a  Touraine  fossil,  S.  elegans,  Duj.,  in  Desh.  An.  s.  Vert.  x.  p.  21*.), 
no.  22.  As  Rve.'s  species  is  a  Nassa,  and  there  is  another  Due.  elcyar,-, 
Kien.,  Coq.  Viv.  p.  56,  pi.  24.  f.  97,  =  Nassa  e.,  Rve.  Conch.  Ic.,  ic  will 
save  confusion  to  allow  Gld.'s  later  name  to  stand]. 

DOS  5,0.  Buccinum  serratum,  Dufr.,  =  j\rassa  Northice,  Gray  [  =  Northia  pristis, 
Desh.]. 

62.  Reeve,  '  Concliologia  Iconica? — The  following  corrections  should  bo 
made  in  the  abstract,  Rep.  pp.  289-293. 

20.  [Semele  fla weans  should  be  flavesccns,  et  passim.^ 

33.  Siphonaria  amara  [is  a  Sandwich  Is.  species,  quite  distinct  from  C.  lecaniwn}. 

38.  Patella  clypeastcr  Tis  a  S.  American  species,  liaving  no  connexion  with  A. 

patina,  or  with  Monterey]. 
60.  Patella  cinis  [  =  A.  pelta,  not  patina,  var.]. 

67.  Patella  vespertina.     [P.  stipulata,  sp.  117,  is  probably  a  var.  of  this  species.] 
69.  Patella  toreuma  ["var."  in  Mus.  Cum.,  "Mazatlan,"  probably =hrewn$.    No 

shell  of  this  (N.  Zealand)  type  has  been  found  on  the  coast  by  any  of  the 

American  collectors]. 

*  Sowerby's  (c-ow-^O  name  appears  on  Keeve's  plnte;  but  in  the  text  of  C.  S.,  f.  (J  is 
called  "a  species  OJ  Tiii LiiielltLs  inserted  inaclvenentiy." 

48 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OP  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  5C3 

81.  Patella  Nuttalliana.     [Mus.  Cum., =A.  pelta,  typical.     The  figure  looks  more 

like  2mtina.~\ 
140.  Patella  mamillata,  Nutt.  [non  Esch.,  is  an  elevated,  stunted  form  of  the  black 

?  var.  of  scabra,  Nutt.     The  name  being  preoccupied,  this  distinct  form  may 

stand  as  limatula}. 

64.  Fissurella  densiclathrata  [is  distinct  from  G.  aspera.     Sta.  Barbara,  Jewett]. 
67.  Turbo  marginatm  [Rve.,  non]  "  Nutt." 

Adams  as  the  Collonia  marginata  of  < 

Delphinula  (test3  type  in  Brit.  Mus. 

Jay's  Cat,  was  described  by  A.  Ad.  as  CJilorostoma  funebrale=  Chi. 

auct.  (non  Jonas,  the  true  T.  mcestus  being  S.  American,  tesle  A.  Ad.  and 

Mus.  Cum.)]. 
39.   Cypr&a  onyx  [is  the  E.  Indian,  C.  spadicea  the  similar  S.  Diegan  species]. 

The  following  species,  either  quoted  from  the  "W.  Coast,  or  known  to  in- 
habit it,  or  connected  with  it  by  synonymy,  have  been  observed  in  Reeve's 
1  Conch.  Ic.'  since  the  date  of  the  last  Report.  The  number  of  the  species  also 
refers  to  the  figure.  For  the  remarks  enclosed  in  [  ]  the  writer  of  this  lie- 
port,  here  as  elsewhere,  is  alone  responsible. 

50.  Fasus  turbinelloides,  Rve.,  Jan.   1848.       ?  Africa,  Mus.   Cum.   \_-Siphonalia 

pallida,  Br.  and  Sby. ;  spines  somewhat  angular], 
02.  Fasus  cancellatus,  Lain.     "  Unalaska,  Kamtschatka,  Mus.  Cum."     [Doubtless 

the  origin  of  the  prevalent  locality-error]. 
'/o.  Futus  Nova-Hollandi*,  Rve.,  Jan/ 1848.     N.  Hoi.,  Metcnlfe.    [As  Mr.  Met- 

calfe  gave  numerous  West  Coast  shells  to  Brit.  Mus.  und'jr  locality  "N.H.," 

this  shell  also  was  probably  from  W.  Mexico, = -P.  Dupclithouarsiij  Kien.] 
91.  Fusus  Gunneri,  Lov.,  (Tritonium),  Ind.  Snec.  p.  12.      Greenland.      [=Jro- 

phon  multicostatus,  Esch.     The  iig.  should  be  93,  6  ;  f.  91  =  Bamffius.~] 
52.   Curdium  pseudofossile,   Rve.      "  P.  Z.  S.  1844."      Hab.  ?—  [Not  found  in 

P.  Z.  S.,=  C.    Calif orniense,   Desh.,  1839,   non    C.   Calif nrnianum,   Conr., 

1837.    This  is  the  Eastern  form;  the  0&:ifomian  ?var.=  C.  bland/on, Gld.^ 
67.  Buccinum  modificatum,  Rve.,  Dec.  184o.     llab.  ? —  [Agrees  sufficiently  well 

with   worn   specimens  from  La  Paz,  Mus.   Smiths.,  ~  &iphonalia}  closely 

allied  to  pallida.~\ 
62.  Buccinum  diruin^  Rve.,  Dec.  1846.     Hab.  ?—  Mus.  Cum.     [Worn  specimen 

of  CArysodomus  Sitchensis,  Midd.,  1849,  =  JP.  incisus,  Old.,  May  18i9.] 
110.  Buccinum  corruffatum,  Rve.,  Feb.  1847.     Ilab.  ? —    ["  'Iruncaria"  Cuming, 

MS.     "  Pisania"  H.  Adams.     Vancouver,  most  abundant.] 
2.  Sanguinolaria  omlis,  Rve.,  March  1857.      Cent.  Am.      [?=£  miniata,  jun. 

3.  S.  tellinoides,  A.  Ad.,  is  the  same,  adolescent;  5.  S.  purpurea,  Desh.,  adult.] 
4.  Psammobia  maxima,  Desh  ,  P.  Z.  S.  1854,  p.  317.     Panama.    [Closely  resem- 
bling Ps.  rubroradiata,  Nutt.     Puget  Sound.] 

19.  Mi/tilm  ralliopunctatus,  Dkr.     Cal.  and  Mazatlan.     [No  authority  for  Cal.l 
41.  Mytilus  bifurcatus,  Conr.,. J.  A.  N.S.Phil.  Hab.?  [Conr.  assigns  his  Nuttallian 

specie?  to  California ;  but  it  is  the  common  Sandw.  Is.  species,  teste  Pse. 

The  Ca'ifornian  shell,  with  the  same  sculpture,  is  a  Scptifer,  and  is  the 

S.  bifurcatns  of  Mus.  Cum.] 

44.  Mytilus  Sallei  (Drcissina),  Reel.     Central  America.     [?  On  which  slope.] 
52.  Mytilus  Cuminyianus,  Reel.     Panama.     [_Septifer.~\ 
60.  Mytilus  c/lom'>ratm,  Gld.    Hab.  ? — *  [Gould's  species  is  from  California,  but 

the  name  is  attached  to  a  very  different  shell  in  Mus.  Cum.] 

*  Several  species  occur  in  the  recent  monographs  without  locality,  which  are  well 
known  to  inhabit  the  W.  Coast.  This  is  partly  due  to  the  writer  not  thinking  it  ncces- 
t>ary  to  refer  to  published  books  for  information,  and  partly  to  the  changes  which  have  of 
late  years  been  made  in  the  principal  authority,  viz.  the  Cumingian  collection.  By  the 
redistribution  of  species  into  the  modern  genera,  the  student  is  greatly  aided  in  his  search 
for  special  forms ;  but,  for  the  sake  of  uniformity,  the  autograph  labels  of  collectors  or 
describers  of  species  are  generally  rejected,  the  names  being  either  in  the  handwriting  of 
the  clerk  or  from  the  printed  index  in  the  monograph,  and  rep  resenting  only  the  judg- 
ment of  the  latest  worker,  which  may  or  may  not  be  correct,  i^iionvms,  whether  real 

4  49 


5fi4  REPORT— 1863. 

11.  Modiola  capax,   Conr.      Galapagos,    Cumin g.     [Lower]   California,  Nuttall. 

Mazatlan,  Carpenter.     [Reigen  is  the  authority  for  the  shells  described 

in  the  Maz.  Cat.,  not  Cpr.] 
17.  Modiola  Braziliensis,  Chera.     "  Brazil."     [At  f.  31,  which  appears  the  true 

Brazilian  shell,  we  are  informed  that  this  specimen  is  a  "  variety  from 

Guayaquil."] 
..     Modiola  nitens,  "  Cpr.  Cat.  Reigen  Col.  Brit.  Mus.     California."     [The  shell 

was  erroneously  described  as  from  "  California  "  in  P.  Z.  S.,  and  does  iiot 

appear  in  the  Reigen  Mazatlan  Cat. :  —M.  subpurpiireus,  Mus.  Cum.] 

5.  Lithodomus  cinnamominus,  Chem.  Philippine  Is.  and  St.  Thomas,  W.I.    \_  =  L. 

cinnamomcuSj  Maz.  Cat.  177.     Probably  an  Adula.~\ 

8.  Lithodomus  Ciimingianus,  Dkr.,  MS.    "North  Australia  and  Mazatlan.''    [The 

species  is  figured  from  the  Mazatlan  specimen,  which  may  probably  be 
the  adult  form  of  L.  calyculatus,  Cpr.*  The  cup  is  not 'distinct, '  but 
shows  a  tendency  to  the  peculiar  formation  described  in  Maz.  Cat.  no.  174. 
Rve.'s  diagnosis,  however,  appears  written  from  Dkr.'s  Australian  speci- 
mens, so  labelled  in  Mus.  Guru. — a  very  distinct  species,  without  incrus- 
tations. The  name  was  given  by  Mr.  Coming  to  a  large  Chilian  species 
brought  by  the  U.  S.  Expl.  Exp.] 

12.  Lithodomus  Gruneri,  Phil.  MS.  in  Mus.  Cum.     "N.  Zealand."     [The  species 

=L.  falcatus,  Gld.,  and  is  certainly  from  California,  where  it  is  found  in 
the  rocks  with  Pholadidea  penitaJ] 

13.  Lithodomus  teres,  Phil.     "Mazatlan."     [The  specimens  in  Mus.  Cum.  are 

labelled  "  Cagayan,  Phil-."~\ 

14.  Lithodomus coarctata,  Dkr.   Galapagos,  Cuming.  \_=Crcnt>lla  c.,Maz.  Cat.  17".] 
16.  Lithodomus  caudigerus,  Lain.     "West  Indies"  [without  authority].     "The 

calcareous  incrustation  produced  beyond  the  ant.  extremity  is  no  specific 
characteristic."  [Vide  reasons  for  contrary  opinion,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  176: 
—  L.  aristatus.  Dr.  Stimpson  has  seen  Lithophagus  arranging  its  peculiar 
incrustation  with  its  foot.] 

24.  Lithodomus  pessulatus,  Rve.  (Oct.  1857).  Hab.  ? —  [The  unique  sp.  figured  is 
labelled  "  Mazatlan  "  in  Mus.  Cum.  It  resembles  plumula,  with  ventral 
transverse  rugae.] 

26.  Lithodomus  subida,  Rve.    Hob.  ? —  [=Z.  plumula,  var.J 

6.  Avicula    Cumingii,   Rve.,   March    1857.      "Ld.   Hood's  Is.,  Pacific   Ocean, 

attached  to  rocks,  10  fms.,  Cuming"  \?=zMargaritiphora  fimbriata, 
Dkr.,  var.] 

9.  Avicula  barbala,  Rve.     Panama,  under  stones  at  low  water,  Cuminy.     \_  =  M. 

fimbriata,  l)kr.,  =  3/.  Mazatlanica,  Hani.]  "Diners  from  Cuming ii  in 
regular  sequence  of  scales,  developed  only  at  margin,  and  yellowish  tone 
of  colour." 

67.  Avicula  heteroptera,  Lam.    N.  Holland.    "  —A.  sterna,  Gld."    [Gould's  species 
is  from  Gulf  Cal. ;  but  in  Mus.  Cum.  it  is  marked  inside  "  semisugitta.'''~\ 
4.  Placunanomia  foliata,  Brod.     Is.  Muerte,  Bay  Guayaquil.     "  May  =  ec/i^ato, 
W.  I.,  but  has  very  much  larger  orifice." 

7.  Placunanomia  macroschisma,  Desh.     "Onalaska,   Owning"  [who  never  was 

there].     Kamtschatka,  Desh.     [Vancouver  district,  abundant.] 
7.  Thracia pltcata,  Desh.     "Mr.  Cuming  has  specimens  from  California  and  St. 

Thomas,  W.  I."     [Cape  St.  Lucas,  Xantus.~] 
Melania.    [Various  species  are  described  from  "  Central  America,"  &c.,  which 

or  supposed,  are  rejected  altogether.  Thus  shells  sent  to  Mr.  Cuming,  with  authentic 
name  and  locality  attached,  may  appear  soon  after  without  any,  or  with  erroneous, 
quotation.  The  error  is  rendered  graver  by  appearing  with  the  weighty  authority  of 
"  Mus.  Cum." 

*  The  species  described  in  the  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  seldom  appear  in  the  monographs, 
unless  there  happen  to  b3  a  specimen  in  Mus.  Cum.  Soms  of  the  monographers  often 
content  themselves  with  figuring  the  shells  that  come  most  easily  to  hand ;  and  do  not 
«eem  to  consider  it  a  part  of  their  work  to  pass  judgment  on  previously  described 
species,  or  to  concern  themselves  with  what  are  small  or  difficult. 

50 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  5C5 

may  or  may  not  belong  to  the  Pacific  slope.  They  should  be  studied 
in  connexion  with  U.  S.  forms,  but  are  not  here  tabulated.] 

50.  Melanin  Buschiana,  live.      "  California."      [No   authority.     Very  like   tho 

young-  of  J/.  scipio,  Gld.] 
S67.  Melanin  m'grina,  Lea,  MS.  in  Mus.  Cum.     "Shasta,  California." 

08.   Cancellaria  funicidata,  Ilds.,=  C.  lyrata,  Ad.  and  Rve.    Gulf  Magdalena. 

66.  Litorina  irrorata,  Say.     "  Sitcha."     [The  "  Sitcha"  shell  isZ.  modesta,  Phil. 

Say's  species  is  the  well-known  form  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.] 
6.  Terebra  strigata,  Sby.,  +  e/0m7«£a,Wood.,  =flammea,  Less.,=  zebra,  Kien.  "Pa- 
nama, Galapagos,  and  Philippines,  Cuming;  Moluccas,  &c."     [Painting 
in  stripes.] 

10.  Terebra  robusta,  Hds.  Panama,  &c.  [  =  T.  Loroisi,  Guer.,  teste  Rve.  P.  Z.  S. 
1860,  p.  450.  Painting  splashed.] 

12.  Terebra  variegata,  Gray.  u  Mouth  of  the  Gambia,  Senegal,  Mazatlan,  Co- 
lumbia. It  is  well  known  to  those  who  have  studied  the  geographical 
distribution  of  animal  life,  that  the  fauna  of  the  West  African  seas, 
north  of  Sierra  Leone,  is  in  part  identical  with  the  fauna  of  the  seas  of 
California  and  the  W.  Indies ;  and  geologists,  among  whom  was  the  late 
Prof.  E.  Forbes,  have  laboured,  not  unsuccessfully,  to  account  for  this 
phenomenon."  [  Vide  Maz.  Cat.  p.  157,  B.  A.  Rep.  p.  365.  In  the  pre- 
sent instance,  however,  there  will  be  more  than  one  opinion  as  to  the 
identity  of  the  species  here  quoted.]  +  T.  africana,  Gray,  -f-  T.  Hupei,  Lorois, 
-4-  T,  inte'rtincta,  Hds.,-f  T.  marginata,  Desh.,  +  T.  albocincta,  Cpr.,  +  T. 
Hindsii,  Cpr.,-f  T.  subnodosa,  Cpr. 

72.  Terebra  armillata,  lids.  "  Panama,  Galapagos.  Somewhat  doubtful  whether 
this  is  not  a  var.  of  T.  variegata"  [If  the  others  are,  probably  this  is. 
Those  species  of  Hinds,  which  Mr.  Reeve  has  not  altered,  are 'not  here 
repeated.] 

32.  Terebra  dislocata  [as  Cerithiuni],  Say.  "  Southern  U.  S.  and  California."  [No 
authority  given  for  Cal.] 

84.  Terebra  rttdis,  Gray,  "  —M.  rufocinerea,  Cpr.     S.  Carolina,  Jay.     Somewhat 

doubtful  whether  this  is  not  a  var.  of  dislocata."  [The  T.  rufocinerea  is 
one  of  the  difficult  Mazatlan  shells,  and  should  share  the  fate  of  T.  Hindsii 
and  T.  subnodosa.] 

85.  Terebra  cinerea,  Born.      "  W.  Africa,  Hennah ;   Japan,  Hds. ;    Philippines, 

Cuming]  W.  I.,  C.  B.  Adams;  Mazatlan,  Cpr."  [i.  e.  Reigen.     The  same 
remarks  apply  to  this  group  as  to  variegata,  &c.]+  T.  castanea,  Kien.,  non 
Hds.,+  T.  Inurina,  Hds.,4-  T.  luctuosa,ilds.,+  T.  stylata,  Hds.,+  T.  Jamai- 
censis,  C.  B.  Ad. 
40.  Terebra  aspera,  Hds.,+  T.  Petiveriana,  Desh.   Panama,  S.  A.,  Cuming,  Bridges, 

"2.   Calyptraa  tortilis,  Rve.     Galapagos,  Owning. 

8.  Calyptrtea  alveolata,  A.  Ad.,  MS.     Galapagos,  Cuming. 

4.   Crepidida  excavata,  Brod.     Chili [?],  Cuming. 

C.  Crepidida   nautiloides* ,  Less.,  MS.  in   Mus.  Cum.     f<New   York."     [=C. 
dilatata.~\ 

8.   Crepidula  marginalis,  Brod.     Panama,   Cuming.     [V.  Maz.  Cat.  p.  292,  note.] 

10.  Crepidida  rugosa,   Nutt.     Upper  Cal.     [An   accidentally  ribbed  specimen, 

figured  from  Mus.  Taylor.] 

11.  Crepidula  flmbriata,  Rve.  (June  1859).     Vancouver's  Straits.     [This  is  to 

navict'lloides,  Nutt.,  no.  97,  as  Lessonii  is  to  squama  j  simply  an  accidentally 
frilled  var.  ] 

12.  Crepidula  adunca,  Sby.      [Not]  Panama.      =C.  solida,  Ilds.,=rostriformis, 

Gld.    [This  is  the  northern  species  from  Vancouver  and  Cal.,  and  is  not] 

=uncata,  Mke. 

1-3.   Crepidida  arenata,  Brod.     St.  Elena  (not  Helena,  Desh.\  Cuming. 
22.   Crepidula  aculeata,' Gmd.     Lobos  Is.,  Peru,  Cuming;  California,  Nutt.,  Cpr. 

[i.  e.  Mazatlan,  Reigen]  ;  Hondui-as,  Dyson ;  Sandw.  Is.,  Austr.,  Kur- 

*  Several  S.  American  forms  are  here  quoted  for  the  synonymy ;  because  in  Calyptrceid* 
the  species  often  have  a  wide  range,  and  should  be  studied  in  connexion  with  their 
neighbours. 

51 


566  REPORT—  1863. 

rachee,  mouth  of  Indus.  +  C.  hystryx,  Brod.,+  C.  echinus,  Brod  ,+  C.  Cali- 
fornica,  Nutt. 

24.  Crepidula  rostrata,  C.  B.  Ad.   Panama.    [=(7.  uncata,  Mke.,  nom.  prior.   This 
tropical  form  presents  distinctive  marks.] 

28.  Crepidula  exuviata,  Nutt.     Monterey.     [=  C.  explanata,  Gld.,=  C.  perforans, 

Val.  An  abnormal  form  of  C.  navicelloides,  Nutt.  :  C.  nummaria,  Gld.,  is 
the  opposite  extreme.] 

29.  Crepidula  bilobata,  Gray  ft.  ft  Cpr.],  MS.  in  Mus.  Cum.  [=(?.  dorsata,  Brod. 

FiWe  Maz.  Cat.  no.  336,  where  the  origin  of  the  MS.  name  would  have 
been  found  explained.  It  appears  to  be  principally  a  northern  species 
=  C.  lingulata,  Old.] 

30.  .Crepidula  lirata,  Rve.     [Gulf  of]  California.     [Intermediate  form  between 

C.  incurva  and  C.  onyx,  described  in  Maz.  Cat.  p.  277.] 

2.  Crucibulum  scuteUatum,  Gray.     "=C.  rugosa,  Less.,=  C.  imbricata,  Sby.,  non 

Brod."  Payta,  Less.  ;  Punta  St.  Elena,  Owning.    [  Vide  Maz.  Cat.  no.  343.] 
4.   Crucibulum  rugosum,  "Desh.,  non  Less.,=  C.  li</naria,  Brod.,  ?var.  =  C.  gem- 

macea,  Val."     Island  of  Chiloe,  Cuming.     [  Vide  Maz.  Cat.  p.  290.] 
6.   Crucibulum  ferrugineum,  Rve.     Bav  of  Conception,  Chili,   Cuming.     [  =  C. 

quinquina,  Less.,  D'Orb.,  =  C.  Byronensis,  Gray,  in  Brit.  Mus.     Like  a 

rough  degraded  form  of  C.  spinosum.'] 

6.  Crucibulum  umbrella,  Desh.  =  (7.  rudis,  Brod.     Panama  and  Real  Llejos. 

8.  „          corrugatum,  Cpr.    "  Cal."    [Mazatlan,  Jewett,  P.  Z.  S.  1856,  p.  204.] 

9.  „          imbricatum,  Brod.     Panama.     [  =  C.  imbricatum,  Sby.,  =  C.  sou- 
tellatum,  Gray,  no.  2,  var.] 

10.  Crucibulum  spinosum,  Sby.     Seas  of  Central  America.     [Extends  northwards 

to  California;  southwards  it  degenerates  into  C.  quiriquina.~]=:C.  pcziza, 
Gray,4-C.  hispida,  Brod.,+  C.  maculata,  Brod.,+  C.  tubifera,  Less.,+  C'. 
cinerea,  Rve. 

11.  Crucibulum  pectinatwn,  Cpr.,  P.  Z.  S.  1856,  p.  168.    Peru.     [Panama,  Jewett.'] 
17.  „          auritum,  Rve.,=  C.  striata,  Brod.;  non  Say.     Valparaiso,  Cuming. 

[Passes  into  Galerus.~\ 

21.  Crucibulum  serratum,   Brod.      Real   Llejos   and  Muerte,    Cuming.      [Like 

young  of  C.  pectinatum;  nearly  transparent;  white,  with  purple  ray.] 

22.  Crucibulum  sordidum,  Brod.,+  C.  unguis,  Brod.  Valparaiso  and  Panama,  Cum» 

ing.  [=Galerus',  v.  Maz.  Cat.  p.  292,  note.  The  author  distributes  the 
species  of  this  genus  between  Trochita  and  CrucilndumJ] 

4.  Trochita  aspera  [Rve.  as  of]  C.  B.  Ad.     Panama.     [The  small  var.  of  Galerus 
conicus.     Probably  =  C.  aspersa,  C.  B.  Ad.,  no.  331.] 

7.  Trochita  subreflexa,  Cpr.,  MS.  in  Mus.  Cum.     Gulf  of  California.     f=  Galerus 

subreflexus,  Cpr.  in  P.  Z.  S.  1855,  p.  233.] 
9.  Trochita  corrugata  [Pcujus.  Comp.  Calyptraa  corrugata,  Brod.].  Callao,  Cuming. 

8.  Trochita  spirata,  Fbs.     a?  =  P.  trochiformis,  Chem."    Gulf  California.     [  Vide 

antea,  p.  542.] 

10.  Trochita  solida  [?Rve.].     Conchagua,  Mus.  Cum.     [?=  Galerus  mamiUaris.] 

11.  Perna  anomioides,  Rve.     March  1858.     California,  Mus.  Cum.     [No  autho- 

rity; appears  =  P.  costellata,  Com-.,  Sandwich  Islands.] 

13.  Perna  Californica  [Rve.,  non]  Conr.  California,  Conr.  [i.  e.  Nutt.~\  Honduras, 
Dyson.  "  Distinguished  by  the  Pedum-like  form  and  clouded,  livid 
purple  colouring.  [This  is  the  well-known  large  Hat  West  Indian  species  ; 
not  known  in  Califqrnia.] 

3.  Umbrella  ocalis,  Cpr.    Mouth  of  Chiriqui  River,  Bay  of  Panama,  [not]  Owning 

[but  Bridges.      The  species  was  also  found  at    Cape    St.  Lucas  by 
~ 


6.  lanthina  fragilis,~LQm..,  =  I.  striulata,  Cpr.  West  Indies,  Mazatlan,  California.- 

[  Vide  Maz.  Cat.  no.  242  :  non  /.  stnolata,  Ad.  and  Rve.] 
19.  lanthina  decollata,  Cpr.     Probably  =1.  globosa,  var.  [Maz.  Cat.  no.  243.     Of 

the  two  Maz.  forms,  provisionally  named,  this  appears  the  least  entitled 

to  specific  rank.] 
40.   ColumbeUa  Bri'lgesii,  Rve.     April  1858.     Panama,  Bridges.     [Appears  the 

small  var.  of  C.  major.  ~\ 
43.  ColumbeUa  Boivini  ^  —  Boivinii,  Kien.].     Gulf  Nicoyia,  Hinds. 

52 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OP  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  567 

46.   Columbella  acicula,  Rve.     California.     [No  authority.] 

56.  Columbella  encamtica,  Rve.     Gulf  California,  Lieut.  Shipley,  Mus.  Cum. 

57.  Columbella  vexillum,  Rve.     Gulf  California.     [No  authority.] 

62.   Columbella  cribraria,  Quoy  and  Gaini.  [i.  e.  Lam.]=  C.guttata,S\yy.  Panama, 
common  under  stones,  Cuming.      [No  other  localities  given.      V.  Niti- 
della  cribraria,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  613.] 
72.   Columbella  electroides,  Rve.     Bay  of  Guayaquil. 
74.   Columbella  Pacifica,  Gask.     Galapagos. 
109.   Columbella  pusilla,  Sby.     Island  of  St.  Vincent,  W.  I.     lt- Nitidella  Gouldii, 

Cpr."     [The  Nitidella  is  a  distinct  Upper  Californian  species.] 
120.   Columbella  lactea,  Rve.     Gulf  Calif.,  Mr.  Babb,  R.N.     [A.  Nitidella,  80  tran- 
sparent that  the  axis  can  be  seen  throughout.] 

122,  Columbella  Sta-Barbarensis,  Cpr.    Sta.  Barbara.    "  Not  merely  faintly  striated, 

teste  Cpr.,  but  unusually  grooved."  [Described  from  a  worn  specimen 
in  Jewett's  Col.,  and  named  to  mark  a  more  northern  limit  to  the  genus 
than  had  been  assigned  by  Forbes.  The  label  was  probably  incorrect,  as  the 
shell  lives  in  the  tropical  fauna,  C.  S.  Lucas,  Xantus :  Acapulco,  New- 
berry  ;  Guacomayo,  Mus.  Smiths.  The  name  (as  expressing  error)  should 
therefore  be  altered  to  C.  Reevei,  Cpr.] 

123.  Columbella  spadicea,  Phil.,  MS.  in  Mus.  Cum.      Mazatlan.     [Described  by 

Phil,  in  Zeit.  f.  Mai.  1846:  B.  A.  Rep.  p.  225.] 

130.  Columbella  venusta,  Rve.  [Mazatlan,  E.  Philippi.']  =  C.  taniata,  Phil,  [in 
Zeit.  f.  Mai.  1846],  not  Ad.  ajpd  Rve.,  [Voy.  Samar.  1850 ;  therefore  Phil, 
has  precedence.  ?= Anachis  Gaskoinei,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  652.  The  Sanaa- 
rang  shell  is  probably  a  Nitidella.^ 

Columbella  sulcosa^  Sby. "  Annaa  and  Ld.  Hood's  Islands  *.     Cuming. 
Columbella  Gouldii,  Agass.,  MS.  in  Mus.  Cum.,  Nov.  1858.    [_  =  Amycla  Goul- 
diana,  Agass.,  Atlantic ;  non  Nitidella  Gouldii,  Cpr.] 

142.   Columbella  uncinata,  Sby.     Is.  Muerte,  Bay  Guayaquil.     [Acapulco,  Jewett.~\ 

105.  Columbella  Calif ornica,  Rve.  April  1859.  California.  [No  authority. 
Like  Anachis  lirataJ] 

176.  Columbella  rorida,  Rve.  Lord  Hood's  Island*,  Cuming.  [Transparent, 
glossy,  with  necklace  of  opake  white  dots.] 

Genus  Meta  [  =  Conella,  Swains,  eliminated  by  Rve.  from  Columbella;  but  Anachis, 
Strombina,  Ami/da  (pars),  and  Nitidella,  which  do  not  even  belong  to 
the  same  family,  if  the  opercula  are  to  be  trusted,  are  left  in  the  old  place. 
Of  the  six  species,  the  author  only  knew  the  locality  for  one],  M.  Lupontice, 
Kien. — Ichaboe,  South  Africa;  [but  that  of]  M.  ovuloides,  "  C.  B.  Ad., 
MS."  [is  shown  by  his  published  works  to  be  Jamaica;  and  the  following 
are  from  the  West  Coast]. 

3.  Meta  ccdonulli,  Rve.  [La  Paz,  Mus.  Smiths. ;  C.  S.  Lucas,  Xantus ;  Panama, 

JeivettJ] 

4.  Meta  coniformis,  Sby.     [?  Panama,  Jeicett.~\ 

24.  Zidphinus  luridus,  Nutt.,  MS.  in  Mus.  Cum.    California.  [Is  not  known  from 

tho  American  coast;  comp.  Sandwich  Islands.] 

25.  Ziziphinus  eximius,    Rve.,    P.  Z.  S.   1842.     Panama,   sandy   mud,  10   fms. 

[=T.versicolor,  Mke.,  1850,  =  Z.  Calif ornicus,  A.  Ad.,  1851.  Scarcely 
differs  from  "  Javanicus,  Lam.,"  in  Mus.  Cum.  The  form  was  dredged  by 
Mr.  A.  Adam?  in  the  eastern  seas.] 

Cl.  Zhiphimis  Antonii,  Koch,  in  Phil.  Abbild.  pi.  1.  f.  4.  Australia.  [Scarcely 
differs  from  the  shouldered  var.  of  Calliostoma  lima  (Phil.)  0.  B.  Ad!, 
which  is  called  eximiu  ,  Rve.,  in  Brit.  Mus.  Col.] 

23.  Trochus  Japonicus,  Dkr.,  [represents  Pomaulax  undostts  on  the  east  side]. 

24.  Trochus  digitatus,  Desh.     Distinct  from  unguis,  with  base  like  yibbei  osus. 

Central  America.  [Mr.  Reeve's  distinct  shell  is  perhaps  not  that  of  D^sh. , 
and  not  from  the  West  Coast.] 

26.  Trochus  tmdosus,  Wood.  =  T.  gigas,  Anton.     California  f. 

*  Vide  Report,  1856,  p.  168,  note  §§. 

t  Mr.  "Reeve  states  that,  although  this*  species  is  most  \\Vpgillerosus,  "Messrs. Grar  and 
A.dams  contrive  to  place  them  in  dilicreut  genera."    \\  i*  still  uiore  rema-rkable  that  wii  le 

53 


5C8  REPORT— 18C3. 

39.  Irochvs  auripiymentum,  Jonas.    Panama.     [Probably  not  from  W.  America.] 
17.  Phasianella  pe'rforata,  Phil.     Mazatlaii,  Panama+7%.  compta,  Old.*     Rather 
out  of  place  f  >  has  neither  form  nor  texture  of  Phasianella.    [The  aberrant 
form  is  due  to  the  figured  specimen  being  quite  young;    the  adults  in 
Brit.  Mus.  Col.  prove  the  texture,  colouring,  and  operc.  to  be  normal.] 
Genus  Simpulopsis.    This  group,  intermediate  between   Vitrina   and  Succinea,  ia 
stated  to  be  peculiar  to  Brazil  and  Mexico,  where  Vitrina  is  not  known. 

In  the  Monograph  of  Terebratulidce,  which  is  prepared  with  unusual  care, 
and  the  general  introduction  to  which  is  well  worth  attentive  perusal  by  all 
students,  occur  the  following  species  which  bear  upon  the  West  Coast  fauna 
or  synonymy : — 

2.  Terebratula  (Waldheimia)  dilatata,  Lam.,  =  71  Gaudichaudi,  Blainv.  "Str. 
Magellan,"  teste  Gray,  in  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.,  without  authority.  [The  E.  E. 
specimens  varied  considerably  in  outline  ;  and  according  to  Darwin,  and 
what  we  know  of  the  variations  of  fossil  species,  it  is  quite  possible  to 
believe  that  this  and  the  next  species  had  a  common  origin.  The  great 
development  of  this  most  interesting  form,  in  the  cold  regions  of  South 
America  is  extraordinary.] 

i  3.  Terebratula  (  Waldheimia)  ytobosa  (Val.),  Lam.,  from  type.  =  T.  Calif ornica, 
Koch.  "California,  Coquimbo.  Californian  form  well  known;  small 
specimen  in  Mus.  Taylor,  marked  <de  Coquimbo.'"  [There  appears  no 
authority  for  the  general  belief  that  this  fine  species  is  Californian.  It  was 
taken  in  abundance  by  the  naturalists  of  the  U.  S.  E.  E.  at  Orange  Bay, 
Magellan.  The  Californian  shell,  which  is  probably  the  original  Cali- 
fornica,  Koch,  (not  of  authors)  is  a  distinct  species/teste  Eve.  from  Dr. 
Cooper's  specimens.] 

7.  Terebratula  (Terebratulina)  radiata,  Eve.,  Mus.  Cum.  ?  Straits  of  Corea, 
Belcher.  [Very  like  the  adult  of  T.  caurina,  Gld.] 

11.  Terebratula  uva,  Brod.  Bay  of  Tehuantepec,  Guatemala;  10-12  fms.  sandy 
mud,  on  dead  bivalve,  Capt.  Dare.  Mus.  Cum.  and  De  Burgh.  [The 
analogue  of  T.  vitrea,  Med.] 

16.  Terebratula  (Terebratulina)  Japonica,  Shy.,  =  T.  angttsta,  Ad.  and  Eve.  Corea, 
Japan.  "Eepresents  T.  caput-serpentis,  and  probably  the  same." 

23.   Terebratula  physema,  Val.,  MS.  (unique),    Coquimbo.      Gaudichaud,  1833. 

May  be  a  colossal,  broadly  inflated  var.  of  c/lobosa. 

G.  Orbicula  Cumingii,  Brod.  [Besides  information  in  Eep.  pp.  183,  244,  is  given] 
Is.  Cana,  Guatemala  ;  sometimes  6-18  fms.,  Cumin  f/.  0.  sir  it/at  a,  Brod , 
is  a  less-worn  state  of  this  species.  [The  type-specimens  of  l)iscina  stri- 
gata  in  Brit.  Mus.,  on  Pecten  ventricosus,  appear  very  distinct,  and  are 
unusually  shelly  for  the  genus.] 

excluding  Ziziphinus  (=  Calliostoma),  Mr.  Reeve  "  contrives  to  place  "  in  Trochns  animals 
shown  bv  the  opercula  to  belong  to  different  subfamilies,  as  though  we  knew  no  more  titan 
in  Lamarck's  days  ;  his  motley  group  containing  Imperator  (  =  Stella,  H.  and  A.  Ad.)-f- 
Lithopoma  -f-  Guildfordia-}-  Chrysostoma  -f-  Bolma  -f-  Modelia  -\-  Polydonta  -\-  Tectus-\- 
Pomaulax-\-A.stralium-^-Pachypo'ma-\-  Uvanilla.  Also  in  a  family  the  genera  and  species 
of  which  are  mainly  recognized  by  the  base  and  mouth,  most  of  the  shells  are  only  figured 
on  the  back.  Very  often  the  characters  of  the  aperture  are  not  even  stated.  Remarkable 
liberties  are,  moreover,  sometimes  taken  with  geographical  facts,  to  the  great  astonishment 
of  Americans,  who  expect  even  their  schoolboys  to  avoid  such  statements  as  at  sp.  57,  Tr. 
diminutives,  Rve.,  "  Oahu  Islands ; "  and  at  sp.  1,  Lingula  ovalis,  Rve.,  "  from  W.  II. 
Pease,  Esq.,  residing  at  Honolulu,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Islands." 

*  P.  compta  is  a  distinct  Californian  species  ;  its  Pvarieties  pass  into  puUa.  If  Mr. 
Keeve  can  be  followed  in  uniting  topulla,  pulchella,  Reel.  \^affin\s-\-tessellaia-\-pulclieUa 
-\-concinna,  C.  B.  Ad.  ;  +  tenuis,  Phil.  -,+ inter  media,  Scacchi  -,-+-Capensis,  Dkr.  ;+elon- 
gata,  Krauss,  Gould's  species  should  join  this  goodly  company,  rather  than  perforata. 
The  same  standard  of  union  followed  among  the  large  shells  would  greatly  lessen  the  size 
of  this  costly  work. 

f  So  is  fhasianella  rulra,  Pease  MS.,  sp.  18,  which  belongs  to  Alcyra,  A.  Ad.  j  allied 
to  tiiw/ielus, 

54 


ON  MOLLTJSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  569 


authority,  must,  I  think,  be  a  mistake."  [The  genus  has  not  been  found 
on  the  CaHfornian  coast  by  any  American  collector.] 

8  Venus*  grata,  Shy.,  +  tricolor,  Sby.  Gulf  of  Mexico,  Mus.  Cum.  [=  Tapes 
grata.  Say,  Panama.  The  locality-labels  have  probably  been  misplaced. 
These  specimens  are  undoubtedly  from  the  West  Coast,  nor  has  any 
authority  appeared  for  the  species  in  the  Atlantic.  The  Gulf  of  Mexican 
"  analogue  "  is  T.  granulata.  The  forms  are  intermediate  between  Chione 
and  Tapes.'] 

9.  Venus  multicostata,  Sby.  Bay  of  Panama,  in  coarse  sand  at  low  water,  Cuming. 
"  Probably  =  V.Listeri,  var.,  with  ribs  more  tumidly  thickened  androunded." 
[The  West  Coast  shells  are  distinguished  by  the  very  slight  crenulation 
of  the  ribs  at  the  sides.] 

19.  Venus  asperrima,  Sby.  Guacomayo,  Centr.  Am.,  sandy  mud,  13  fms.,  Coming. 
"A  form  of  pectorina ;  shell  of  lighter  substance,  broader  and  more  de- 
pressed ;  sculpture  more  elevately  and  definitely  latticed."  [This  is  the 
shell  named  by  Mr.  Ciiming  V.  cardioides,  Lam.,  and  should  take  that 
name,  as  prior  to  Sby.'s,  if  really  distinct  from  pectorina.  Also  from 
Panama.  Mus.  Smiths.] 

22.  Venus  discors,  Sby.,  jun.  St.  Elena  and  Guacomayo,  Centr.  Am.,  sandy  mud, 
6-9  fms.,  Owning.  u  Concentric  decussating  ridges  cease  abruptly  at  the 
posterior  third."  [Character  very  variable,  even  in  the  type-specimens  j 
=  T.  grata,  Say,  var.] 

25.  Venus  pectorina,  Lam.,  p.  344,4-  V.  cardioides,  Lam.     Centr.  Am.,  Mus.  Cum. 

[Probably  Atlantic  ;  much  heavier  and  stumpy ;  sculpture  coarser ;  teeth 
more  like  casina,  whereas  cardioides,  no.  19,  has  a  long  anterior  tooth 
like  sugillata  f.] 

26.  Venus  cingulata,   Lam.,=/>M^'mna,  Brod.      W.  Columbia,    Cuming.     [=  V. 

Pinacatcnsis,  Sloat,  MS.  in  Mus.  Smiths.  Guaymas.  The  peculiar 
smoothing-off  of  the  central  sculpture  in  the  adult  may  be  varietal.  It 
is  improbable  that  Lam.  was  acquainted  with  the  species.] 

83.  Venus  cremdata,  Chem.,=crenata,  Grnel.  W.  I.  =  V.  eximia,  Phil., 4-  V.  cre- 
nifera, Sby., 4-  V.  Portesiana,  D'Orb.  [Not  to  be  confounded  with  the 
V.  crenifera,  Maz.  Cat. :  has  a  small  Cyprinoid  lateral  tooth,  but  no 
radiating  ribs  near  hmule,  nor  long  anterior  tooth t.] 

35.  Venus  Calif ornicmis,  Brod.,=  V.  leucodon,  Sby.  Guaymas,  Gulf  Cal.,  sandy 
mud,  low  water,  [teste]  Cuming.  Mus.  Cum.  [=  V.  crassa,  Sloat,  MS.  in 
Mus.  Smiths.  Not  V.  Califormana,  Conr.,=  V.  simillima,  Sby.  This 
species,  with  V.  neglect  a,  compta,  &c.,  having  the  mantle-bend  nearly 
obsolete,  approach  Anomalocardia  subimbricata,  and  with  that  species 
form  a  natural  group,  differing  from  the  typical  Venus  as  Lioconcha  does 
from  Callista:=  V.  succincta,  Val.] 

41.  Venus  Kennerkyi,  Cpr.,  MS.  J  in  Mus.  Cum.  Hob. — ?  [Puget  Sound, 
Kennerlcy.~\ 

43.  Venus  sugillata,  Rve.  California,  Mus,  Cum.  Characterized  by  the  shining 
purple  umbos,  finely  latticed  sculpture,  dark-stained  lunule  and  liga- 
mentary  area.  [  =  "  V.  crenifera,  Sby.,  teste  Rve.,"  Maz.  Cat.  no.  105, 
in  all  essential  characteis.  Differs  in  the  long  anterior  tooth  being  still 

*  Through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Reeve,  with  a  view  to  the  completion  of  this  Eeport, 
I  was  enabled  to  compare  the  figured  specimens  in  this  genus  with  the  text,  and  with 
the  shells  of  the  Smithsonian  collection,  before  they  were  distributed.  The  bracketed  notes 
in  the  text  are  based  on  this  examination.  They  are  given  with  unusual  detail,  because 
of  the  unique  opportunity  of  throwing  some  light  on  a  confessedly  difficult  family. 

t  The  characters  of  the  teetli  and  pallial  line  frequently  afford  satisfactory  diagnostic 
marks  between  critical  species,  which  are  often  orerlooked  by  monographers. 

$  The  descriptions  of  Dr.  Kennerley's  shells  had  long  been  written,  and  would  have 
been  published  but  for  the  American  war.  The  localities  of  all  the  West  Coast  shells  sent 
from  the  Smiths.  CoL  to  Mr.  Cuming  were  dulj  marked  in  the  accompanying  catalogues, 

55 


G70  REPORT— 1863. 

longer,  and  in  the  purple  colour.  This,  however,  in  the  figured  speci- 
men, has  been  brought-out  by  the  free  use  of  acid,  and  the  markings  have 
been  considerably  obliterated  by  the  "  beautifying  "  process.] 
44,  Venus  similUma,  Sby.  San  Diego,  CaL  "Resembles  V.  compta  in  detail  of 
sculpture "  [but  perfectly  distinct,  belonging  to  the  amutlnma  group. 
It  shows  the  evil  of  the  very  brief  diagnoses  of  the  earlier  conchologists 
that  so  discriminating  an  author  as  Mr.  Conrad  should  have  taken  this 
shell  for  the  V.  CaUforniensii,  Brod. ;  and,  quoting  it  (lapsu)  as  V.  Cali- 

forniana,  redescribed  the  true  V.   Californiensis  as  V.  Nuttallii.     It  is 

'known  by  the  great  closeness  of  the  fine  sharp  ribs.] 

46.  Venus  —  crenulata,  no.  33,  very  distinct  var.     Gulf  Cal. ;  more  globose,  interior 

purple  rose.  [This  was  sent  as  "  Cape  St.  Lucas,  Xantus"  It  appears 
truly  distinct  from  the  "W.  I.  crenulata,  and  to  be  the  normal  form 
of  which  pulicaria,  no.  26,  is  an  extreme  var.  Inside,  and  outside  in 
the  adolescent  state,  they  agree  exactly ;  differing  outside,  in  the  adult, 
in  snioothed-ofr'ribs  and  more  distinct  V -markings.  Mr.  Reeve,  however, 
still  thinks  it  more  like  crenifera.  It  may  stand  as  "  ?  var.  Klacina"~\ 

47.  Venus  ffibbosula,  Desh.,  MS.  in  Mus.  Cum.     Hob.  ? —  [Guaymas  :  =  V.  Cortezi, 

Sloat.  This  is  the  more  rounded  and  porcellanous  form  of  V.Jktctifraga, 
=  V.  Nwttalli  of  Brit.  Assoc.  Report,  and  Nuttallian  paper  in  P.  Z.  S. 
1856,  p.  21 ;  but  not  the  true  V.  Nwttalli,  Conr.,  v.  infra,  no.  49.  Interior 
margin  very  finely  erenated  on  both  sides  of  the  hinge.] 

43.  Venus  compta,  Brod.  Bay  of  Sechura,  Peru,  coarse  sand  and  mud,  7  fms., 
C timing.  [This  rare  species  seems  to  represent  V.  Californiensis  in  the 
South  American  fauna.  It  is  well  distinguished  by  its  shouldered  form, 
produced  ventrally,  and  by  the  Circoid  pallia!  line,  far  removed  from  the- 
margin.  Guacomayo,  Mus.  Smiths.] 

49.  Venus  Nifttalli,  Conr.  *  California.  [Named  from  type,  teste  Conr.  ip«.,  v. 
antea,  p.  520.  This  is  the  dull  northern  form  of  V.  sitccincta,  a.*fffncti- 
frayu  is  of  yibbosttla,  the  species  appearing  nearly  in  the  same  parallels  in 
the  Gulf  and  on  the  Pacific  coast,  but  not  found  in  the  Liverpool  Reigeu 
Co1.;  nor  at  Cape  St.  I.ucas.  In  all  essential  characters,  Nuttalli( though 
pointed)  an  1  Cafiforniensis  (though  rounded)  appear  the  same;  but  Mr. 
Reeve  s'ill  thinks  otherwise.  The  figured  specimen  has  been  altered  with 
acid.  The  F.  excacata  is  not  noticed  by  Mr.  R.j 

51.  Venus  mundulus,  Rve.  Hetb.  ? —  [This  shell  was  obtained  by  Dr.  Stimpson 
in  the  N.  P.  Expl.Exp.,  and  bears  the  Smiths.  Cat.  number  "  1845.  San 
Francisco,  very  common  at  low  water,"  =  Tapes  dirersa,  Sby.  Jan.  This 
is  the  highly  painted,  finely  sculptured  state  of  T.  stamiwu,  Com*,  (not 
'•  T.  straminea,  Conr."  Sby.,=  T.  grata  <  var.)  The  abnormally  ridged  form 
is  V.  ruderata,  Desh.  Conch.  Ic.  sp.  130.  By  its  large  pallia!  siuus  and 
bifid  teeth  it  is  a  true  Tapes.'] 

62.  Venus  intersecta,  Sby.  Puerto  Puero  [PPortrerol,  Centr.  Am.,  Owning* 
[The  shell  is  exactly  identical  with  no.  19,  asj.erriina—cardioidbs;  but  the 
ngure  might  mislead,  the  colour-lines  appearing  as  rib-*.] 

64.  Venus  siibrostrata,  Lam.*  vi.  p.  343,  =  V.  neylecta,  [Gray":  Sl>v.  Unit.  MftznUan 
and  West  Indies.  "  Lam.  having  cited  a  figure  of  th°  China  species,  V.  La- 
marcJiii,  the  species  was  lost  sight  of  till  Sby.  renamed  it."  [T  he  La  nun  •ck- 
ian  species  was  probably  West  Indian.  V.  negtecUi  closely  resembles 
the  young  of  V.  Californiensis,  but  has  the  ligamental  area  smooth  only 
on  one  valve,  instead  of  both.] 

69.  Venus  Stutchliwui  (Gray),  Wood,  Sindwich  Is.  Comes  very  near  to  the 
Californian  V.  callosa,  [Sby.,  non]  Conr.,  of  wh'ch  specimens  have  been 
found  also  at  the  Sandwich  Is.  \_V.  Stittcltbun/i  is  the  New  Zealand 
species,  which  may  easily  be  confounded  with  the  Califomian.  Although 
both  may  be  obtained  at  the  Sandwich  Is.,  there  is  no  evidence  that  either 

*  In  critical  species,  when  it  is  impossible  to  be  positive  which  of  two  or  more  was 
intended  by  an  old  author,  it  appears  best  to  retain  the  name  of  the  first  discriminator. 
The  old  name  belongs  to  the  general  form :  the  discriminator  ought  to  retain  it  for  ft 
part  j  but  if  that  has  not  been  done,  it  avoids  confusion  to  drop  it. 

56 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  571 

lives  there.  The  shell  here  figured  is  beaked  like  Nuttatti,  no.  49  ;  lu- 
nule  very  faint  ;  concentric  ridges  very  faint,  but  sharp  ;  radiating  ribs 
verv  coarse.  Inside  deeply  stained  ;  margin  not  ere  lated  on  the  sharp 
anterior  edge,  though  faintly  on  the  lunule  ;  hinge-teeth  stumpy.] 

CO.  Venus  musearia,  Rve.  Hob.  ?—  [Has  the  aspect  of  a  West  Coast  species, 
between  cardioides  and  fine  var.  of  staminea  ;  sinus  large  ;  teeth  strong, 
not  biiid  ;  lunule  with  radiating  ribs.] 

C8.  Venus  undtitella,  Sby.  Gulf  Calif.  [Not  a  satisfactory  species,  the  type 
havin<r  the  aspect  of  a  poor  specimen  altered  for  cabinet.  The  "  sculpture 
much  changing  in  its  development  towards  the  margin  "  is  an  accident 
often  seen  in  the  cancellated  species.  Similar  specimens  of  V.  nenlecta, 
no.  54,  collected  at  Cape  St.  Lucas  b^y  Mr.  Xantus,  agree  with  urulatetta 
in  all  respects,  except  that  this  is  violet  within,  neylccta  being  white. 
Ligament-area  (as  in  neglecta)  smooth  in  one  valve  only.] 

77.  Venus  Adamsii,  Rve.  Japan.  [Closely  related  to  Tapes  laciniata,  San  Diego, 
in  size,  aspect,  hinge,  &c.  Differs  in  mantle-bend  being  not  so  long  or 
pointed,  and  the  radiating  sculpture  much  finer  :=  V.  rigida,  Gld.,  MS.,  in 
Stimpson's  list;  non  Gld.  in  l  Otia.'] 

80.  Venus  omatissima,  Brod.  Panama,  sandy  mud,  10  fms.,  Cuming.  Still  unique. 
[Like  V.  ffnidia,  jun.,  but  radiating  ribs  coarser  and  more  distant  ;  con- 
centric frills  not  palmated  ;  lunule  pale,  laminated.] 

87.  Venus  callosa  [Sby.,  non]  Conr.  Sandwich4  Is.  and  Calif.  [Vide  note  to  no. 
59.  This  is  the  V.  Nicttattii  of  the  Brit.  Assoc.  Report.  Those  who  regard 
it  as  distinct  from.  fluctifraga,  of  which  gibbosula,  no.  47,  is  the  extreme 
form,  may  retain  the  name  callosa  of  Sby.,  but  not  of  Conr.  Conrad's 
species  =  C.  nobilis,  Rve.  ;  differing  from  the  true  Oa&iste,  as  Mercenaria 
does  from  Venus,  in  having  the  ligament-plate  rugose.]  =  V.fluctifraga, 
Sby.,  teste  Rve.  in  errata. 

105.  Venus  biUneata,  Rve.  Gulf  Calif.  Partakes  of  the  characters  of  compta 
and  subimbricata:  all  three  may  indeed  be  different  states  of  one  and  the 
same  species.  [The  shell  figured  at  1056  has  all  the  peculiar  features  of 
compta,  which  are  clearly  marked  within;  only  the  concentric  waves  are 
closer  than  usual.  The  shell  figured  at  105a  appears  to  be  the  true  wt- 
datella,  only  in  fine  condition,  the  type  being  rubbed.  It  has  exactly  the 
same  internal  characters,  including  colour;  only  the  colour-lines  outside 
are  arranged  in  rays  instead  of  V  s-  Mr-  Reeve,  however,  retains  his  differ- 
ent opinion.] 

116.  Venus  Ct/pria,  Sby.,  P.  Z.  S.  1852.  Is.  Plata,  West  Columbia.  [From  sani3 
district,  teste  Schott  in  Mus.  Smiths.]  Has  all  the  appearance  of  being 
an  attenuately  produced  form  of  the  West  Indian  V.  papliia  [which  is 
also  from  Cape  Verd  Is.,  teste  Macgillivray  in  Brit.  Mus.]. 

11.  Dione*  maculata,  List.  West  Indies  ;  Brazil;  Pacific  Ocean.  Widely  distri- 
buted in  both  hemispheres.  [No  authority  for  the  Old  World  ;  the  Pacific 
shells  are  Callista  chioncsa,  var.] 

15.  Dione  nobilis,  Rve.,  1849.  Cal.  [=C.  callosa,  Conr.,  1837.  The  original 
name,  from  type,  had  been  communicated  to  Mr.  R.,  but  is  not  quoted. 


20.  Dione  semilamellosaJ[,(j(^\\A..,—  C.lupanaria,  Less.  Centr.  Am.   [  =  lupinaria, 

Maz.  Cat,  no.  95.     Vide  Deless.  Rec.  Coq.  pi.  19.  f.  2  :  "  China  Seas,"  no 
authority.] 

21.  Dione  breviyrinata,  Ttve.,  =  brevispina,  Sby.     [Gulf  of  ]  California.     [Scarcely 

differs  from  C.  rosea,  jun.] 

22.  Diane  multispinosa,  Sby.     Peru.     Concentric  ridges  thinly  laminated  ;  spinrs 

slender  and  numerous.     [An  extreme  form  of  the  Pacific  C.  Dione  (tes;e 


Hani.)  ;  distinct  from  semilamellosaJ] 
23.  Dione  Veneris,  D'Arg.  Conch,  pi.  21.  f.  l,=  V.  Dione,  Ln.     West  Ind. 


and 


*  The  figured  types  of  this  genus  had  been  accidentally  mislaid  ;  and  might  alter  the 
judgments  given  in  the  text. 

t  "  For  obvious  reasons,  I  think  it  best  to  abandon  the  foul  name  given  to  this  lovely 
species  by  Lesson,"  Rve.  (Vide  Maz.  Cat.  p.  70,  note.)  ?  We  old  not  the  same  reasons 
lead  to  the  alteration  of  meretrix,  impudica,  &c. 

57 


572  REPORT— 18G3. 

Centr.  Am.  [The  Pacific  shells  should  rank  with  species  22,  if  sup- 
posed distinct.  The  fig.  is  24,  not  23.] 

24.  Dione  exspinata,  Rve.    Centr.  Am.     Distinct,  if  the  others  are  ;    like  semila- 

mettosa,  without  spines.  [Appears  to  be  C.  rosea,jvm.  The  fig.  is  23, 
not  24.] 

25.  I  Dione  circinata,  Born.     Mazatlan,  Mus.  Cum.  [without  authority.]  =  F. 

28;  a,  b.  \  rubra,  Gmel.,+  F.  Guincensis,  Gmel.,-f  (7.  alternata,  Brod.  [f.  28  repre- 
sents alternatci",  the  other  figures  appear  to  be  from  West  Indian  spe- 
cimens, though  that  ancient  locality  is  not  mentioned.  Several  of  the 
reputed  West  Coast  shells  are,  however,  of  the  typical  form  and  colour.] 

83.  Dime  unicolor,  Sby.,  =  Chione  badia,  Gray,=  Cyth.  liffiila,  Anton.  \V.  Columbia. 
38.  Dione   prora,    Conr.      "  Cape  St.  Lucas,  Xantus,   California ;    Carpenter." 

[A  very  distinct  form  among  the  thin  inflated  species  j  only  yet  found  at 

the  Sandwich  Is.,  v.  no.  45.] 

45.  "(Miis.  Smithsonian  Institute  of  N.  America.)     This  shell,  from  Cape  St. 

Lucas,  Xantus,  California,  proves  to  be  the  Dione  prora  ( Cytherea  prora, 
Conr.)  of  our  preceding  plate."  [Mr.  Sowerby's  figure  well  represents 
the  unique  specimen  from  Cape  St.  Lucas,  which  was  taken  alive  by  Mr. 
Xantus.  The  quotations  in  Couch.  Ic.  would  lead  to  the  inference  that 
"  Xantus  "  was  regarded  as  that  part  of  "  California  "  in  which  Cape  St. 
Lucas  is  situated.  Both  the  external  and  internal  characters  require 
that  a  separate  name  be  given  to  the  shell,  which  stands  as  Callista  pol- 
licaris,  Annals  Nat.  Hist.  vol.  xiii.  p.  312.] 

46.  Cytherea  consanguinea,  C.  B.  Ad.      Mus.   Cum.     Apparently  a  small  spe- 

cimen of  a  variety  of  C.  Iceta.  [Panama.  Differs  from  C.  Iceta  in  inter- 
nal characters.] 

62.  Dione  pannosa,  Sby.,  =  Cytherea  lutea,  Koch,  +  Callista  puella,  Cpr.  Chili, 
Peru,  Mazatlan.  [No  authority  for  Mazatlan.  The  name  pnetta  given 
to  the  Cape  St.  Lucas  specimens  was  intended  as  varietal ;  although 
Mr.  C uming  regards  the  Peruvian  and  Peninsular  forms  as  distinct.  It 
is  not  known  along  the  Central  American  coast.] 

25.  Circe  nummulina,  Lam.  "  Central  America."  [Probably  not  from  the 
American  seas.  Admiral  Sir  E.  Belcher  is,  however,  confident  that  he 
dredged  many  well-known  E.  Indian  forms  in  deep  water,  off  San  Bias.] 

27.   Cytherea.   In  this  genus  are  grouped  the  Trigonce  j  besides  the  typical  species, 

=  Meretrix,  Gray. 

3.  Cytherea  crassatelloides,  Conr.  "Bay  of  California."  [Not  known  geogra- 
phically. The  shell  is  not  found  in  the  Gulf,  bein°f  a  most  characteristic 
Californian  species.  San  Francisco,  S.  Diego,  £c.J 

27.  Cytherea  radiata,  Sby.,  -f  C.  gracihor,  Sby.,=  F.  Salangensis,  D'0rb.=  T.  By- 
ronensis,  Gray.  Salango  and  Xipixapi,  9  fms.  sandy  mud,  Owning. 

45.  Cytherea  nitidula,  Lam.  Mediterranean.  [The  figures  and  descriptions  of 
Sby.  and  Rve.  well  represent  specimens  from  Cape  St.  Lucas,  Xattlus. 
Perhaps  not  identical  with  Lam.'s  species.] 

9.  Tapes  grata,  Desh.  Philippines.  [May  stand  as  T.  Deshayesii,  if  it  be  con- 
ceded that  Say's  F.  grata  ranks  best  with  Tapes."] 

7.  Solarium  granulatum,  Lam.     Mexico. 

8.  Solarium  verrucosum,  Phil.     W.  Indies.     ?  =  S..  gramdatnm,  var. 

13.  Solarium  placentula,  [Rve.  =  placentale,']  Hds.  Bay  Magdalena,  7  fms.,  BeMier. 

19.  Solarium  quadriceps,  Hds.  Panama.  Y  oung  state  of  same  type  as  sp.  7  and  8, 
"  from  same  locality  (Pan.,  Mex.,  W.  I.),"  but  grows  much  larger.  [The 
Texan  shells  in  Mus.  Smiths,  are  as  large  as  those  from  Cape  St.  Lucas : 
the  variations  on  each  coast  are  coordinate.] 

63.  Kiener. — The  following  species  may  be  added  to  the  list  quoted  from 
"  Coquilles  Vivantes,"  in  Rep.  pp.  293,  294  :— 

Page.         PL     Fig. 
15.      I  jY     £  >  Conus  regius,  Chem.,=  C.  princeps,  Ln.,  W.  Mexico. 

212f   1 100    11*  \  Conus  Larymierti>  Kien-  Mexico,   [Coast  not  stated.] 

58 


0\  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  573 

Page.          PL    Fig. 

21o.        98.     2.     Conus  Philippii,  Kien.  Mexico.  [Coast  not  seated.] 

65.        27.     3.     Pleurotoma  triticea,  Kien.      Indian  Ocean.      [Probably  Cithara 
stromboides,  Val. ;  Cape  St.  Lucas.] 

45.  -      9.     2.     Columbetta  suturalis,  Gray  (Griff,  pi.  41.  f.  2)=C.  costata,  Duel. 

Mon.  pi.  12.  f.  1,  2.    Pacific,  Coasts  of  Peru  \_  =  Anachis  Jiuc- 
tuata,  oby.]. 

46.  16.     4.     Columbetta  bicolor,  Kien.     jHii&.  ? —  [=-4.  rugosaJ] 

64,  65.  (German  Authors.}  Pfeiffer. — Everything  relating  to  the  land- 
shells  of  North  America  will  be  found  so  thoroughly  collated  in  the  works 
of  Mr.  Binney  (v.  infra),  that  it  is  only  judged  needful  to  present  here  the 
most  important  references  to  the  writings  of  the  great  authority  on  the 
Pulmonata.  The  student  must  necessarily  consult  the  '  Symbolae  ad  Histo- 
riam  Heliceorum,  Cassel,  1841 '  et  seq.,  which  contains  the  following  ori- 
ginal authorities  : — 

1846.  p.  89.  Achatina  California,  Pfr.     Monterey,  Cal. 

91.  Achatina  (Glandina)  turris,  Pfr.    Ifab.  ? —  [Genus  altered  to  Oleacina, 
Mon.  Hel.  iv.  p.  640.     Maz.  Cat.  231.] 

In  the  same  author's  great  work,  '  Monographia  Heliceorum  Viventium/ 
Lipsiae,  1847-8,  occur — 

Page. 

Vol.  I.  1847.  324.  Helix  Sagraiana,  D'Orb.  Cuba,  California.  [Sowerby's 
error,  copied  by  succeeding  writers.  The  species  is  ex- 
clusively Cuban.] 

338.  Helix  J/d  Us,  Gray.      Oregon.  =  H.  Nuttattiana,  Lea. 

339.  Helix   Califo  niensis,  Lea.      California.  +  H.  Nicldiniana, 

Lea.     [Quoted  as  a  distinct  species  in  Vol.  IV.  p.  269.] 
(Vol.  3.       229.       =  //.  arboretorwn,  Val.) 

341.  Helix  I'ownsendiana,  Lea.     California. 
(Vol.  3.       229.       =H.  pedestris,  Gld.,+nwto,  Gld.) 

428.  Helix  Orenonensis,  Lea.     Oregon. 
(Vol.  4.        227.       =H.  Dupetithouarsii,  teste  Pfr.) 
Vol.11.       1848.     101.  Bulimus  Mexicanus,  Lam.     Tabasco,  Mexico.  =  H.  (Cochlo- 

gena)  vittata,  Fer. 
(Vol.4.       402.       =  Orthalicus  M.,  Cpr.) 

143.  Bulimus  zebra,  Mull.*     Mexico.  &c .  =  Zebra  Miilleri,  Chem. 
=  lJulimus  undatus,  Brug.  *  =  Orthalicus  livens,  Beck*, 
4- B.  princeps,  Brod.  +  -Z>.  melanocheilus,  Val. 
231.  Bulimus  (Cochlogena)  melania,  Fer.      California. =Melania 

striata,  Perry  =  B.  borinus,  Brug. 

Vol.  ill.     1853.     127.  Helix  Pandora,  Fbs.     St.  Juan  del  Fuaco. 
(Vol.4.        347.       =//.  Damascenus,  Gld.) 

415.  Bulimus  Humboldti,  Rve.  =  B.  Mexicanus,  Val.  [?  non  Lam.] 

Mexico. 

422.  Bulimus  Californicus,  Rve.     California. 
Vol.  IV.     1859.       89.  Helix  Mazatlanica,  Pfr.,  n.  s.  (Mai.  Blatt,  Apr.  1856,  p.  43.) 

Mazatlan. 

268.  Helix  exarata,  Pfr.,  n.  s.     California. 
270.  Helix  reticulata,  Pfr.  (Mai.  Blatt.  May  1857,  p.  87).     Cal. 
276.  Helix  Monnotmm,  Pfr.     Mormon  Island,  California. 
347.  Helix  cultellata,  Thomson.     Contra  Costa  Co.,  California. 
350.  Helix  arrosa,  Gld.     Hab.? —  [ California.] -4- eera^'no^ a, Gld. 
420.  Bulimus  chordatus,  Pfr.  (Mai.   Blatt.,  April  1856,  p.  46.) 

Mazatlan. 

472.  Bulimus  Ziegleri,  Pfr.     (Mai.  Blatt.,  Dec.  1856,   p.  232.) 
Mexico.    '—Orthalicus  Z.,  Cpr. 

*  These  appear  as  three  cli-Hnct  species  in  Vol.  IV.  p.  588-9,  with  the  addition  of  B. 
longus,  Pfr.  (=  Orthalicus  L,  ALaL  Blatt.,  Oct.  1856,  p.  187.) 

59 


574  REPORT — 1863. 

In  the  'Honographia  Pneumonopomorum  Yiventium,  <fcc.,  Cassellis,  1851V 
by  the  same  learned  author,  the  following  is  the  only  species  which  occurs  : — 
Suppl.  1858,  Vol.  II.  p.  7.  Truncatella  Californica,  Pfr.  San  Diego. 

In  Wiegmann's  ( Archives  fur  Nat./  1837,  vol.  i.  p.  285,  occurs  the  fol- 
lowing species,  also  without  authority  : — 

Perna  quadrata,  Anton.     California. 

In  Troschel's  '  Archives  fur  Natur '  are  quoted  the  following : — 

1843.  Vol.  II.  p.  140.  Fasciolaria  sidcata,  Less.     Acapulco. 
1849.        „       p.    99.   Terebratula  Californica,  Linsley. 

In  the  'Abbildungen  und  Beschreibungen  neuer  oder  wenig  gekanntor 
Conchylien,  herausgegeben  von  Dr.  R.  A.  Philippi,'  Cassel,  1845-51,  are 
figured  the  following,  which  must  be  quoted  as  being  original  descriptions,  or 
for  the  synonymy: — 

Page.  PL   Fig. 

Feb.     1846.    4.     1.    9.      Cyrma  solida,  Phil.     California,  &c. 

Aug.  1846.  24.4.  7.  Tettina  pisiformis,  Ln.  Mazatlan,  &C.—L.  pulchella,  Ad. 
?  =  Cardium  rliscors,  Mont. 

Oct.  1844.  4 Cytherea  Dunlin.  Phil.  W.  C.  Mexico.  =  C.  Pacifca, 

Mus.  Berol.,  non  Dillw. 

Apr.  1847.  33.  7.  1.  Cytherea  (Artemis)  gigantea,  Sby.  California.  ?= Ar- 
temis ponderosa,  Gray. 

Jan.     1845.     1.     1.     1.      Murex  nigritus,  Phil. "  ?  W.  C.  Mexico. 

April  1847.     11.  7,8. 1.      Haliotis  fulgens,  Phil.    ?  California,  =  H.  splendens,  Rve. 

Oct.     1846.     5.     2.1,10.   Turbo  Fokkesii,  Jonas.     Gulf  of  California. 

8.  2.    9.      Trochus  strigilatus,  Ant.    California.  =  T.  peHtf-serpentis, 

Wood. 

July    1844.     7.     2.     5.      Patella  (Acnuea)  discors,  Phil.     Mexico. 
April  1850.     9.     2.     8.      Lucina  obliqua,  Phil.     ?  W.  C.  America. 

9.  2.     9.      Lucina  pisum,  Phil.     Mazatlan. 

2.  1.  3.  Pecten  tunica,  Phil.  "Sandwich  Islands*.  E.  B. 
Philippic  Jan.  1844.  [_=P-  latiauritus,  Conr.,  teste 
Hani.  S.  Diego,  &c.] 

5.  1.  5.  Pecten  Fabricii,  Phil.  Greenland.  [  =  P.  Islandieus, 
jun.  Non  P.  Fabricii,  Gld.,  =  P.  Hindsii,  jun.] 

11.  6.  9.  Litorina  aberrans,  Phil.,  P.  Z.  S.  1845,  p.  142.  Pa- 
nama, on  rocks.  [  =  Tall  var.  of  Z.  conqpersa.] 

In  Dr.  L.  Pferffer's  '  Novitates  Conchologicae,'  Series  II.,  Marine  Shells,  by 
Dr.  W.  Dunker,  Cassel,  1858,  occur  the  following  species  from  Sitka  : — 

Page.  PI.      Fig. 

1.     1.     3,  4.  Tritonium  carinatum,  Dkr.         Sitka.     [Should  be  pi.  2.  f.  3,  4.] 
[=  T.  angulosum,  Morch,  on  plate.] 

'    '.i...    • 'TI/T--..-!' _     TM ci*xi-_ 


2.  1.  1,  2.   Tritonium  Morchianum,  Dkr.  Sitka. 

3.  2.  5,  6.   Tritonitim  rutilum,  Morch.  „ 

4.  1.  5,  6.  Tritonium  Rombergi,  Dkr.  „ 
2.  2.  3,  4.  Neptunea  harpa,  Morch.  n 
7.  2.  1,  2.  Neptunea  castanea,  Morch.  „ 


"Should  be  pi.  2.  f.  1,  S.j 
"Should  be  pi.  1.  f.  5,  6.1 
'ShouM  be  pi.  2.  f.  5,  6.1 
'ShouM'be  pi.  1.  f.  3,  <1H 
"Should  be  pi.  1.  f.  i,  2.] 


[  =  JV.  badia,  on  plate.] 
35.  10.  6,  7.  Murex  (Hemifusus)  Belcheri,Rds.,  var.   ?—  [=  Cfcorw*  1?.,  L.  Cal.] 
39.  12.  7-9.    Cytherea  ( Tivela)  arguta,  Rom.     Isthmus  of  Panama.     Resembles 

C.  (Trigond)  mactroidcs,  Born.     [Probably  Caribbean.] 

66.  British  Museum   Collection. — "  Lunatia  ravida,   Souleyet,  Panama," 

*  A  large  number  of  Califormaii  shells  have  been  assigned  to  the, Sandwich  Is.,  in  con- 
sequence of  the  abundant  trade  between  the  two  localities.     They  may  often  have  beer 
obtained  at  Honolulu  by  naturalists,  who  had  no  reason  to  doubt  their  having  lived  ther* 
All  that  is  known  of  the  genuine  Hawaian  fauna  will  shortly  be  published  by  Mr.  Sow- 
erby,  for  W.  H.  Pease,  Esq..,  of  Honolulu. 

60 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  5/O 

is  given  without  authority;  and  the  locality  is  probably  erroneous.  Various 
other  shells  are  scattered  in  the  national  collection,  assigned  either  generally 
to  the  West  Coast  or  to  special  localities,  which  it  has  not  been  considered 
needful  to  tabulate  without  confirmation. 

68. '  Various  sources. — Under  this  head  may  be  arranged  gleanings  from 
European  authors  not  consulted  in  preparing  the  first  Report. 

In  the  <  Histoire  Naturelle  des  Coquilles,'  by  L.  A.  G.  Bosc,  Paris,  1830, 
the  following  species,  not  previously  quoted,  are  assigned  to  the  West  Coast, 
but  without  authority  : — 

Vol.      Page. 

III.  44.    Venus  pfij)liia.     W.  America. 

280.  Nerita  fu'gurans,  Bosc.     W.  C.  America. 
290.  Natica  rvyosa,  Chem.  „ 

IV.  60.  Helix  pereyrina.     Island  on         „ 

152.   Trochus  solans.  „  &c. 

156.  Trochus  radiatus.  ,,  &c. 

219.  Murex  lima.  W.  C.  N.  America. 

In  Lesson's  '  Illustrations  de  Zoologie,'  Paris,  1831-2,  appear — 

Plate. 

2.  Calypceopsis  tubifera,  Less.  \_=  Crucibulum  spinosum\. 

41.  (1832.)   Trichotropm  So'werUensis,  Lesson.     Seas  of  New  World.  =  Trichotropm 

bicarinata,  Br.  &  Sby.  =  Turbo  bicarinatus,  Sby. 

48.  Terebra flammea,  Less.  [?=T.  striyosa~],  Antilles;  Isth.  Panama. 

51.  Tegula  ekyans,  Less.  \_=T.  pellis-serpentis].     Isth.  Panama. 

The  following  West  Coast  shells  are  named  and  figured  by  Dr.  Gray  in 
'  Griffith's  Edition  of  Cuvier's  Animal  Kingdom,'  London,  1834.  In  some 
instances  there  are  also  a  few  words  of  description : — 

Plate.  Fig. 

1.  3.  Litorina  pulchra. 
41.  5.   Turbenella  ceratus  [?  Turbinellus\. 
4] .  6.   Columbella  suturalis  [Kiener  figures  this  shell  for  Anachis  fluctuata,  Sby., 

1832.     The  original  might  stand  for  many  species]. 
36.  2.  Nassa  Northice  \_=Northia  serrata,  Kien.1. 

36.  3.  Turbinella  tubercular? s  [  =  Latirus  tuberculatus  (  =  ceratus,  C.  B.  Ad.)]. 
23.  5.   Terebra  Africana.     [The  Gulf  Cal.  shell,  =  varicyata.~] 

25.  2.   Triton  (Pusio^)  elegans  \_  =  Pisania  insignis,  Rvev  1846J. 

37.  2.   Columbella  harpaformis  \L  =  harpiformis,  Sby.]. 

37.  6.  Clavatula  Griffithii.  [Probably  =  PL  fiuiiculata.  The  shells  in  this  plato 
are  reversed,  but  are  repeated  correctly  in  pi.  37  *.] 

19.  1.  Cytherea  Dronea,  var.  [  =  C.  semilamellosa,  Gaud. ;  perhaps  intended  frr 
C.  dione,  var.]. 

In  Woodward's  most  valuable '  Manual  of  the  Mollusca,'  London,  1851-6, 
the  following  species  are  quoted  as  from  "  California  "  : — 

Page.      PL    Fig. 

108.       5.     5.   Cancellaria  reticulata,  Dillw.     [?W.  Indies.] 
171.  Physa  Maugera.     [?  Ecuador.] 

329.     23.  22.  Parapholas  bisulcata,  Conr.  [y.  Eep.  p.  265.     Not  known  from  tho 
Californian  or  W.  Mexican  coasts.     Resembles  P.  caha~\. 

In  the  very  valuable  handbook  of  bivalves,  '  Recent  Shells,  by  S.  Hanley, 
London,  1842-56,'  will  be  found  either  quoted  or  original  diagnoses  of  all 
West  Coast  species  known  to  the  learned,  patient,  and  minutely  exact  com- 
piler. As  the  locality-marks  are  simply  transcripts,  they  are  not  here  repeated, 
especially  as  "  California "  is  used  for  both  the  temperate  and  the  tropical 
faunas.  The  following  synonyms  will  be  serviceable  to  the  student : — 

Page. 

!<•>..  Solen  snbteres,  Conrv  ?  =  £  Dombei,  ?  -f  Cahfornianus.     Upper  Cal. 
28.    Littraria  lineata.  Say;=  (Cryptodon)  Nuttallii  [teste  Hani.,  non]  Conr, 

61 


076  REPOBT-— 18-7*. 

Page. 

72.   Tellina  incompicua,  Br.  and  Sby.,  r  =  Sanguinolaria  [ Calif orniana}  Conr.,  nonl 
fusca,  Conr.  [=the  Eastern  species]. 

In  the  Appendix  are  the  following  species,  of  which  small  figures  are  given 
to  correspond  with  those  in  Wood's  Ind.  Test : — 

Papc.      PL      Fie. 

339.     13.     50.  Periploma  obtusa,  Hani.     W.  America. 

341.     12.       5.  Amphidesma  proximum,  C.  B.  Ad.,  =  -4.  corrugatum,  Ad.     Mexico. 

373.     18.     51.  ^4m*  Reeveana,  D'Orb.      W.  America.  =  A.  squamosa,  var.,  D'Orb. 

=  ^4.  Ilelbinyii,  Rve. 

388.     24.     40.  Meleagrina  Mazatlanica,  Hani.     Mazatlan  [— M.  fonbriata,  Dkr.]. 
The  following  are  extracted  from  the  *  Journal  de  Conchy liologie/  Paris, 
1850  :— 

Page.         PL     Fig. 

No.  1.  Feb.  1850.  57.          3.     4.          Columbella  Haneti,  Petit.     ?  Mazatlan. 

4.  Dec.  1850.  410.  Observations  on  Nerita  scabricosta,  Lain.,  by 

Petit.     West  Coast  of  N.  America. 
Vol.  3.  1852.  57.          2.     11.        Mitra  Haneti,  Petit.     Mazatlan. 

4.  1853.  53.          2.     11,12.  Natica  Taslei,  Reel.     Mazatlan. 

4.  1853.84,166.6.     13-15.  Gnathodon  trigonum,  Petit.    Mazatlan  \_  —  M. 

mendica,  Old.,  1851], 

4.  1853.  119.        5.     12.        Recluzia   Rollandiana,   Reel.       [Genus   de- 

scribed.]    Mazatlan. 

4.  1853.  154.        5.     9,10.     Natica  Moquiniana,  Reel.     PWest  Coast  of 

America. 

Series  II. 

Vol.2.  Oct.  1857.  171.  AdeorUs  Verrauxii,  Fischer. )  p.vi.. 

285.         6.  Skenea  Verrauxii,  Fischer.    (  L 

292.  Review  of  the  Brit.  Assoc.  Report  and  Brit. 

Mus.  Reigen  Catalogue,  by  Fischer. 
Vol.  9.  209.  Review  of  the  Smithsonian  Check  Lists,  by 

Fischer. 

The  following  species  are  figured  in  Chenu's  '  Illustrations  Conchyliolo- 
giques ' ;  but  no  authority  is  given  for  the  localities,  nor  etymology  for  the 
remarkable  names : — 

Page.       PL       Fig. 

8.       2.     19, 20.  Oli>:a  sebuia,  Duel.    Acapulco. 

13.        7.     3,  4,  21,  22.      Oliva  caldania,  Duel.     California. 
13.        7.     5,  9,  23,  24.      Oliva  razamola,  Duel.     California. 

17.   •lie      i'  o   ir»  11   >  Olivia  azemula,  Duel.     California. 
|  lo.     1,  J,  1U,  11.  \ 

19.      16.     7,  8.  Oliva  mantichora,  Duel.     California. 

19.    |  J7*     7%      I  Oliva  pindarina,  Duel.     California. 

28.      27.     9,  10.  Oliva  todosina,  Duel.     California. 

An  excellent  commentary  on  the  above  species,  and  on  the  difficult  genus 
to  which  they  belong,  is  supplied  in  the  *  Revue  Critique  du  genre  Oliva,'  by 
M.  Ducros  de  St.  Germain,  Clermont,  1857.  It  was  written,  not  from  the 
well-known  London  collections,  but  from  a  very  large  series  containing  all 
the  types  figured  by  Duclos.  The  following  is  the  author's  arrangement  of 
the  West  Coast  forms,  excluding  citations  of  well-known  species. 

No.    Page. 

25.     49.  Oliva  angulata  does  not  include  azemula,  Duel.,  as  Rve.  says;  that  being 

a  var.  of  ponderosa-\-eri/throstoma. 
20.     50.  Oliva  Maria,  n.s.,  pi.  2.  f.  26,  a,  b  ;  intermediate  between  Julirtta  and  an- 

ffulata.     California,  teste  Duclos.     [Appears  to  be  one  of  the  vars.  of 

Cumingti.  ] 
28.     52.  Oliva  reticHlaris.     To  the  typical  W.  Indian  shells  are  united  tho^e  from 

California,  Panama,  Madagascar,  Japan,  N.  Holland,  N.  Zealand,  &c. 

62 


ON   MOULUSCA  OP  THE  WEST  COASf  OP  NORTH  AMERICA.  577 

bo.     Fage. 

The  synonymy  includes  venulata-\-araneosa-\-Cumin()ii-{'Wiola  (Duel. 

non  I  Jam.)'  +  pindarina  +  fusiformi>  +  timoria  -\-  obesina  -f  tisiphona  -f 

memnonia-\-aldinia  -}-oni*ka-{-  caldania  -f-  harpularia  -\-  Candida  -\-  ustulata. 
C3.     83.   Oliva  ftberiee,  Rve.     Mazatlan,  J?d.  Verreaiuc.  =  [testacetf,  var.] 
G/.    -8c>.   (X'u3«  Dcsliayesiana,  n.  s.     Atlas,  pi.  3.  f.  67,  «,  5  :    intermediate  between 

Bra-iliensis  and  auricularia*      California,  teste  Duclos.    [Certainly  not 

from  the  West  Coast.] 

63,     87.   Oliva  volutetta,  Lam.-t-razamola,  Duel. 
71.     89.    Oliva  undatella,  Ifam^nedulina,  Duel. ;  but  not  ozodona,  Duel.,  as  Rve. 

says. 
73.     89.   Oliva  lineolata.  Gray  in  Wood's  Ind.  Test.  =purpurata,  Swain s.=dama, 

Duel.    [i.  e.  dama,  Goodall  in  Wood,  =  lineolata,  Gray  MS.  in  B.  M., 

Zool.  Beech.  Voy.J 
75.     91.   Oliva  selasia,  Duel.     Acapulco  j  teste  Duel.     "  We  know  nothing  of  this 

remarkable  shell  but  the  specimen  figured  by  the  author." 
85.     96.  Oliva  mutica,  Say -\-ntJifasciata,  Rye.  [assigned  by  error  to  the-  California!! 

O.  bcetica,  va,r.^-\-Jimbriaia,  Rve. 

In  the  most  recent  and  among  the  most  valuable  of  the  contributions  to 
our  knowledge  of  local  faunas,  '  Mollusques  de  1'ile  de  la  Reunion,  par  M. 
G.  P.  Deshayes,'  Paris,  1863,  occur  very  unexpectedly  the  following  species 
connected  with  the  West  Coast,  either  by  name  or  by  identity.  The  list  of 
530  species  from  this  little  island,  which  the  researches  of  M.  Maillard  has 
brought  to  light,  contains  several  West  Indian  forms  and  a  large  number 
known  in  the  Central  Pacific  and  even  the  Sandwich  Islands. 

No.       Page. 

38.       16.   Chama  imbricata,  Brod. 

47.       19.  Lucina  tujerina,  Ln.     "  Common  on  sands,  with  Capsa  deflorata,  as  at 

the  Antilles." 

65.       23.  Modiola  cinnamomea,  Chem.  [Botula,  Morch,  teste  A.  Ad.] 
110.       40.   Chiton  sangmnem,  Desh.  pi.  6.  f.  4-7.     [Non  Ch.  sanyumeus,  Rve.     As 

the  West  Coast  shell  =  Ischnochiton  limaciformis,  Sby.,  the  Bourbon 

species  may  retain  its  name,  especially  if,  as  is  probable,  it  belongs  to 

another  genus.] 

197.       68.  Solarium  [Torinia]  varieyatum,  Lam. 
216.       74.   Turbo  phasianellus,  Desh.      Minute  edition  of  T.  petholatus  ;  nacreous. 

[Not  congeneric  with  T.  phasianella  (Phil.),  C.  B.  Ad.,  Panama  sheila, 

no.  282.] 
233.      79.  Natica  Marocchimsis,  Lam.,  Q.  and  G.  Astr.  pi.  66.  f.  16-19.  [?  =  ma- 

roccana,  Chem.] 
307.       95.   Cerithium  wncinatum,  Gmel.  Thes.  Conch,  pi.  180.  f.  78,  79.  [?=  C.  un- 

cinatum  (Gmel.),  Sby.] 
393.     114.  Purpura  patula,  Lam.  fl^inn.]. 
403.     115.  Purpura^ ochrostoma  (Bl.),  Rve.  [Sistrum\. 
405.     115.  Purpura  (Coralliophila)  madreporarum,Sl>j.  [?  Rhizocheilus.  =s.Lepto- 

conchm  monodonta,  Quoy,  teste  Gld.  Otia,  p.  215.] 
446.     132.   Terebra  luctnosa,  Hds. 
560.     140.   Cerithium  Gallapac/inis  (A.  Ad.),  Sby.  Thes.      [Sby.'s  species  =  inter- 

ruptum,  Mke.,  non  C.  B.  Ad.,  no.  198,  rough  var.]  * 

93.  Smithsonian  Institution. — At  the  time  of  the  first  Report,  the  tempe- 
rate fauna  of  the  West  Coast  was  only  known  through  sources  liable  to  error, 
the  collectors  having  visited  other  regions  besides  Oregon  and  California,  and 
the  species  described  by  American  authors  being  but  imperfectly  understood 
in  this  country.  The  large  accession  to  the  number  of  authentic  species,  the 
important  elimination  of  synonyms,  and  the  assignment  of  ascertained  loca- 

*  The  review  of  the  remainder  of  the  first  Report,  nos.  69-92,  will  be  postponed  till  after 
the  production  of  the  new  materials,  which  are  almost  entirely  from  American  sources. 

63 


578  REPORT-— 1863. 

litics,  which  are  placed  on  record  in  this  Report,  are  due  almost  entirely  to 
the  stimulus  afforded  to  science  in  general,  and  to  this  branch  especially,  by 
the  Smithsonian  Institution  at  Washington,  D.  C.  The  fund  bequeathed  by 
Mr.  Smithson,  "  for  the  increase  and  diffusion  of  knowledge  among  men/' 
having  been  declined  by  the  Universities  to  which  it  was  offered  in  the  Old 
World,  is  held  (in  trust  only)  by  the  U.  S.  Government  *.  It  is  administered 
by  a  permanent  body  of  Regents,  according  to  a  constitution  drawn-out  at 
their  instance  by  the  Secretary,  Prof.  J.  Henry,  LL.D.  It  may  be  safely 
stated  that  to  his  unswerving  consistency,  cautious  judgment,  and  catholic 
impartiality  it  is  mainly  owing  that,  during  various  political  and  social 
changes,  the  Institution  has  not  only  steered  clear  of  all  party  bias  in  the 
United  States,  but  has  distributed  its  advantages  with  equal  hand  on  both 
sides  of  the  Atlantic.  The  Natural  History  department  is  under  the  special 
superintendence  of  the  Assistant- Secretary,  Prof.  Spencer  Baird,  M.D.,  whose 
indefatigable  zeal,  fertility  of  resource,  and  thorough  knowledge  of  the  re- 
quirements of  the  science  have  enabled  the  Institution,  by  a  comparatively 
small  outlay,  not  only  to  amass  in  a  few  years  an  enormous  store  of  accurate 
materials,  but  also  to  eliminate  from  them  a  series  of  publications  on  various 
important  branches  of  American  zoology.  The  contributions  of  the  Smith- 
sonian Institution  to  our  knowledge  of  the  West  Coast  fauna  may  be  consi- 
dered under  [A]  its  collections  and  [B]  its  publications. 

[A]  Smithsonian  Collections. — According  to  the  present  law,  all  collections 
made  in  expeditions  fitted  out  by  the  Government  become  the  property  of  the 
Smiths.  Inst.,  with  liberty  to  exchange  duplicates.  Its  museum,  therefore, 
is  rich  in  types ;  and  its  liberal  policy  allows  of  all  duplicates  being  trans- 
mitted to  public  collections,  to  schools  of  science,  or  to  individuals  engaged 
in  special  departments  of  study.  Not  being  forced  into  an  unalterable  plan 
of  operations,  like  many  leading  museums  of  the  Old  World,  permission  was 
given  to  send  nearly  the  vwhole  of  the  molluscs  to  this  country,  that  they 
might  be  compared  with  the  Cumingian,  the  Brit.  Mus.,  and  other  leading 
collections t.  The  importance  of  thus  establishing  a  harmony  of  nomencla- 
ture for  species  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic  can  scarcely  be  over-estimated. 
The  previous  want  of  it  can  be  abundantly  seen  by  comparing  paragraphs 
39,  43,  54,  &c.,  in  the  first  and  in  this  Report.  The  West  Coast  collections 
belonging  to  the  Smiths.  Inst.  are  mainly  from  the  following  sources : 

a.  The  United  States  Exploring  Expedition,  under  Capt.  (afterwards  Admiral) 

Wilkes,  1837-1840,  v.  par.  43. 

b.  The  North  Pacific  Exploring  Expedition,  under  Capt.  Rogers,  1853-1855. 

Collector,  Dr.  Stimpson. 

e.  The  Pacific  Railroad  Expedition,  49th  parallel,  under  Governor  J.  J. 
Stevens,  1853-54.  Collections  made  in  Puget  Sound  by  Dr.  Suckley, 
and  at  Columbia  River  by  Dr.  J.  G.  Cooper.  Dr.  Suckley  also  collected 
at  Panama. 

*  The  war  has  but  to  a  limited  extent  curtailed  the  funds  and  interfered  with  the 
operations  of  the  Institution. 

t  The  Cunard  Steamship  Company  have  most  liberally  conveyed  these  stores  across 
the  Atlantic,  free  of  cost.  The  British  and  American  Governments  have  allowed  special 
facilities  for  passing  the  Custom  Houses  without  derangement.  Similar  acts  of  liberality 
and  courtesy  are  continually  afforded  to  the  Smiths.  Inst. — The  materials  for  this  Keport 
have  been  placed  unreservedly  in  the  hands  of  the  writer,  although  he  went  to  Washing- 
ton as  a  complete  stranger,  and  with  no  other  introduction  than  his  published  writings. 

64 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  579 

d.  The  Pacific  Ilailroad  Survey,  under  Lieutenant  R.  S.  Williamson,  1853. 

Collector,  Dr.  A.  L.  lieermann. 

e.  The  Pacific  Railroad  Survey,  under  Lieutenant  R.  S.  Williamson,  185-5. 

Collector,  Dr.  J.  S.  Newberry. 
/.   United  States  and  Mexican  Boundary  Survey,  under  Major  W.  H.  Emory, 

1852.     Collector,  Arthur  Schott. 
g.  Colorado  Expedition,  under  Lieutenant  J.  C.  Ives.     Collector,  Dr.  J.  S. 

Newberry. 

h.  The  United  States  North- West  Boundary  Survey,  under  Com.  A.  Camp- 
bell.    Collectors,  Dr.  Kennerley  and  Mr.  George  Gibbs. 
Besides  the  above  official  explorations  on  the  American  side,  during  a 
period  in  which  the  British  Government  only  fitted  out  a  single  expedition 
coordinate  with  A,  the  Smiths.  List,  has  received  a  large  number  of  pri- 
vate collections  from  their  correspondents,  of  which  the"  following  are  the 
principal : — 
*'.   Mr.  Jas.  G.  Swan,  from  Port  Townsend,  Cape  Flattery,  Neeah  Bay,  and  the 

neighbouring  shores  of  Vancouver ;  at  intervals,  during  many  years. 
j.   Dr.  J.  G.  Cooper,  early  private  collections  from  Shoalwater  Bay  and  various 
stations  in  California  and  from  Panama ;  and  lately  the  dredged  collections 
of  the  California  State  Geological  Survey,  of  which  a  portion  were  sent 
in  advance  by  Dr.  Palmer. 
Jc.  California  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  duplicates  of  their  collection, 

with  the  privilege  of  inspecting  unique  specimens. 
I.  Dr.  E.  Vollum,  U.S.A.,  from  Fort  Umpqua. 

m.  Lieutenant  W.  P.  Trowbridge,  from  coast  of  Oregon  and  California. 
n.  Dr.  J.  A.  Yeatch,  from  the  peninsula  of  Lower  California,  and  especially 

from  Cerros  Island. 
o.  Mr.  A.  S.  Taylor,  from  Monterey. 
jp.  Mr.  Andrew  Cassidy,  from  S.  Diego. 
q.  Rev.  J.  Rowell,  now  of  San  Francisco,  from  various  stations  in  both  faunas, 

and  especially  from  Sta.  Crux,  and  the  Farallones  Is. 

r.  Mr.  John  Xantus,  of  the  U.  S.  Coast  Survey,  from  Cape  St.  Lucas.     Speci- 
mens were  received  through  him  from  Socorro  Island  (one  of  the  Revilla- 
gigedo  group),  Tres  Marias  and  Margarita  Island. 
s.  Captain  C.  P.  Stone,  from  Guaymas  and  the  northern  part  of  the  Gulf  of 

California. 

t.  Captain  C.  M.  Dow,  from  the  coast  of  Central  America. 
u.  Dr.  J.  H.  Sternberg,  from  Panama. 

v.  Dr.  J.  H.  Frick,  Mr.  James  Hepburn,  and  others,  from  San  Francisco. 
.u.  Mr.  C.  N.  Riotte,  U.  S.  Minister  to  Costa  Rica,  from  Pimtas  Arenas. 
{v.  Mr.  W.  H.  Pease,  of  Honolulu,  collections  made  by  his  agents  at  various 

stations  on  the  coast,  particularly  at  Margarita  Bay. 

Collections  have  also  been  received  from  various  expeditions  already  tabu- 
lated in  the  first  Report ;  and  from  stray  quarters  not  here  included  because 
their  accuracy  may  admit  of  doubt.  The  species  received  from  the  most  im- 
portant of  these  sources  will  be  enumerated  in  their  order ;  of  the  remainder, 
exact  lists  may  be  consulted  by  the  student  in  the  Smithsonian  Catalogues, 
and  the  combined  results  will  be  found  tabulated  as  '  Pacific  Railroad  Expe- 
ditions '  or  '  Smithsonian  Collections.' 

[B]  Smithsonian  Publications. — These  may  be  classed  under  three  heads.. 
(1.)  Works  published  by  the  U.  S.  Government,  with  more  or  less  of  assist- 
ance derived  from  and  through  the  Smiths.  Inst.     (2.)  The  'Smithsonian 
Contributions  to  Knowledge,'  printed  in  4to,  and  answering  to  the  'Trans- 
5  65 


>80  REPORT—  18C3. 

actions'  of  English  learned  societies;  and  (3.)  The  'Miscellaneous  Collec- 
tions,' in  8vo,  answering  to  the  *  Proceedings '  of  the  societies : — 

(1.)  The  series  of  ten  4to  volumes,  called  '  Pacific  Railroad  Reports,'  con- 
tains a  complete  resume  of  the  natural  history  of  the  western  slope  of  North 
America.  The  Recent  and  Tertiary  Fossil  Mollusca  will  be  analyzed  in  the 
following  pages.  Accounts  have  also  been  published  of  the  natural  history 
of  other  expeditions. — The  annual  volumes  of  '  Reports  of  the  Regents  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,'  published  by  the  U.  S.  Government,  contain  exact 
accounts  of  the  assistance  rendered  to  the  expeditions  by  the  Smiths.  Inst., 
as  well  as  lectures  and  articles  on  special  subjects.  In  these  will  be  found 
full  particulars  of  the  principles  which  regulate  the  natural-history  workings 
of  the  Institution*. 

(2.)  The  only  paper  bearing  on  our  present  inquiry  as  yet  published  in 
the  '  Contributions '  is  on  the  "  Invertebrata  of  the  Grand  Manan,"  by  Dr.  "W. 
Stimpson,  which  should  be  consulted  by  all  who  desire  to  institute  a  compa- 
rison between  the  sub-boreal  faunas  on  the  two  sides  of  the  Atlantic. 

(3.)  The  '  Miscellaneous  Collections '  are  all  stereotyped,  and  very  freely 
circulated.  Among  them  will  be  found  "  Directions  "  for  collecting  specimens 
of  natural  history,  with  special  instructions  concerning  the  desiderata  on  the 
Pacific  coasts.  These  have  been  widely  distributed  among  the  various  go- 
vernment officials,  the  employes  of  the  U.  S.  Coast  Survey,  and  the  variously 
ramified  circulating  media  at  the  command  of  the  Smiths.  Inst. ;  and  have 
already  borne  a  fair  share  of  important  results,  although  the  war  has 
greatly  impeded  the  expected  prosecution  of  natural-history  labours.  "  Check 
Lists "  have  been  published  "  of  the  Shells  of  North  America,  by  I.  Lea, 
P.  P.  Carpenter,  W.  Stimpson,  W.  G.  Binney,  and  T.  Prime,"  June  1860.  No. 
1  contains  the  Marine  Shells  of  the  "  Oregonian  and  Californian  Province," 
and  No.  2  of  the  "  Mexican  and  Panamic  Province."  They  are  chiefly  com- 
piled from  the  first  British  Association  Report,  with  such  elimination  of  sy- 
nonyms and  doubtful  species,  and  addition  of  fresh  materials,  as  had  become 
available  up  to  the  date  of  publication.  They  were  not  intended  to  be  quoted 
as  authorities ;  and  so  rapid  has  been  the  accumulation  of  fresh  information 
that  no.  1  is  already  out  of  date.  In  the  "  Terrestrial  Gasteropoda,"  by  W. 
G.  Binney,  list  no.  1  contains  the  "  species  of  the  Pacific  coast,  from  the  ex- 
treme north  to  Mazatlan,"  to  which  many  additions  have  since  been  made. 
In  the  list  of  "  Fluviatile  Gasteropoda,"  also  by  W.  G.  Binney,  "  the  letter  W 
distinguishes  those  confined  to  the  Pacific  coast,  WE  is  affixed  to  those 
found  in  both  sections  of  the  continent,  and  M  designates  the  Mexican 
species.  From  the  starting-point  of  this  list  considerable  progress  has 
already  been  made.  In  the  brief  list  of  "  Cyclades,  by  Temple  Prime,"  the 
Mexican  and  Central  American  species  are  similarly  designated;  but  the 
western  species  and  those  common  to  the  Pacific  and  Atlantic  United  States 
are  not  distinguished.  In  the  list  of  "  Unionida3,"  by  Dr.  I.  Lea,  whose  life- 
long devotion  to  the  elucidation  of  that  family  is  everywhere  gratefully 
acknowledged,  the  Pacific  species  are  designated  by  a  P.  The  large  series 

*  The  '  Lectures  on  Mollusca,'  in  the  Vol.  for  1860,  pp.  151-283,  will  perhaps  be  found 
useful  as  a  digest  of  classical  forms.  It  was  to  have  been  illustrated  with  copies  of  woodcuts, 
kindly  promised  by  Dr.  Gray,  and  since  placed  at  the  disposal  of  the  Smiths.  Inst.  by  the 
courtesy  of  the  Trustees  of  the  British  Museum  ;  but,  unfortunately,  the  blocks  were  not 
to  be  found  at  the  time.  They  will  appear,  however,  in  forthcoming  Smithsonian  publi- 
cations. The  'Lecture  on  the  Shells  of  the  Gulf  of  California,'  in  the  Arol.  for  1859, 
pp.  195-219,  contains  in  a  popular  form,  much  of  the  information  distributed  through  the 
Ih-it.  Mus.  Maz.  Cat. 

66 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  581 

of  specimens,  representing  varieties  and  ages,  in  Dr.  Lea's  private  collection 
{ire  well  deserving  of  close  study.  Their  owner  shares  the  liberality  of  Mr. 
Curaing  in  making  them  available  for  all  purposes  of  scientific  inquiry. 

The  Smiths.  Inst.  has  just  issued  from  the  press  the  first  part  of  the 
'  Bibliography  of  North  American  Conchology,  previous  to  the  year  I860,'  by 
W.  GK  Binney,  containing  references  to  all  printed  information  on  North 
American  shells  by  native  writers.  It  is  divided  into  "  §  A.  American  descrip- 
tions of  North  American  molluscs ;  §  B.  American  descriptions  of  foreign 
molluscs ;  §  C.  Descriptions  of  foreign  species  by  American  authors  in  foreign 
works."  The  work  is  prepared  with  unusual  care  and  completeness,  and 
with  the  accurate  judgment  which  characterizes  all  Mr.  Binney's  writings. 
It  contains,  under  every  separate  work  or  paper,  "  a  list  of  species  therein 
described  or  in  any  important  manner  referred-to,  together  with  their  syno- 
nymy, locality,  and  the  volume,  page,  plate,  and  figure  relating  to  them." 
The  second  part,  containing  similar  references  to  American  species  described 
by  European  writers,  is  now  passing  through  the  press.  Mr.  Binney  has 
most  kindly  sent  the  proofs  to  the  writer  (as  far  as  p.  287),  which  have  been 
freely  used  in  preparing  this  Report,  and  have  supplied  various  important 
sources  of  information.  It  undertakes  to  provide  for  the  whole  ^orth  American 
continent  what  has  been  here  attempted  for  the  West  Coast ;  and  in  much 
greater  detail,  as  not  only  the  first  description,  but  all  subsequent  quotations 
are  duly  catalogued.  It  may  be  regarded  as  a  complete  index  of  references 
to  all  works  on  North  American  malacology.  The  student,  in  making  use 
of  it,  will  remember  that  it  is  only  with  the  Pulmonates  that  Mr.  Binney 
professes  an  intimate  acquaintance.  For  these  the  work  may  be  regarded  as 
complete.  But,  in  other  departments  of  the  science,  only  those  shells  which 
are  assigned  by  the  authors  to  North  America  are  quoted ;  consequently  a 
large  number  of  species  are  passed-over  which  are  truly  American,  but  are 
assigned  to  other  places,  or  described  without  locality.  Also,  species  really 
belonging  to  other  faunas,  but  falsely  attributed  to  North  America,  duly 
appear  as  though  genuine ;  and  the  additional  localities  frequently  assigned 
by  the  authors  (which  are  often  the  real  habitats)  are  seldom  quoted.  More- 
over the  citations  stop  at  Mazatlan ;  consequently,  the  tropical  fauna  of  the 
West  Coast  is  but  imperfectly  represented.  Lastly,  the  authors  are  not  pre- 
sented in  chronological  or  indeed  in  any  other  ostensible  order ;  but  it  is  pro- 
mised that  the  necessary  information  will  be  given  in  the  index  on  the  com- 
pletion of  the  work.  The  student  will  further  bear  in  mind  that  for  many 
reasons  no  second-hand  reference  can  serve  the  same  purpose  as  a  consultation 
of  the  original  book.  With  these  cautions  the  work  will  be  found  invaluable 
by  all  who  are  engaged  in  working-out  American  species ;  and  great  thanks 
are  due  to  Mr.  Binney  for  undertaking  the  extreme  labour  of  its  compilation, 
and  to  the  Smiths.  Inst.  for  supplying  the  expense  of  its  publication.  Probably 
no  such  work  has  yet  been  printed  on  the  malacology  of  any  other  country. 

Lastly,  there  is  now  in  preparation  a  complete  series  of  hand-books  on 
North  American  malacology,  copiously  illustrated  with  wood  engravings,  and 
containing  a  digest  of  all  that  is  known  in  each  department.  The  marine 
shells  of  the  Atlantic  are  being  described  by  Dr.  Stimpson,  who  is  now  also 
engaged  in  the  dissection  of  the  Freshwater  Rostrifers ;  the  marine  shells  of 
the  Pacific  are  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  writer ;  the  Pulmonates  will  be 
thoroughly  worked-out  by  Mr.  Binney,  the  Melaniala?  by  Mr.  Try  on,  and 

67 


582  KEPOUT — 1 CG3. 

the  Cy  clad  id  re  by  Mr.  Prime.  Thus  it  appears  that  the  malacologists  have 
been  unusually  zealous  in  advancing  their  before  somewhat  slumbering  study  ; 
and  that  the  Smiths.  Inst.  has  displayed  unexpected  liberality  in  preparing 
and  issuing  from  the  press  works  of  a  comprehensive  character,  for  the  "  in- 
crease and  diffusion  of  what  will  hereafter  be  regarded  as  an  important 
branch  of  "knowledge  among  men." 

94.  North  Pacific  Exploring  Expedition. — In  the  year  1853,  Dr.  W. 
Stimpson,  well  known  in  very  early  life  for  his  dredging-researches  and  ob- 
servations on  the  marine  animals  of  the  Atlantic  coast,  accompanied  Captain 
King-old  as  naturalist  to  the  IT.  S.  "  North  Pacific  Exploring  Expedition."  Its 
principal  object  was  to  obtain  more  correct  information  with  regard  to  the 
Japan  seas  and  the  extreme  north  of  the  Pacific,  and  it  was  only  incidentally 
that  it  visited  the  Californian  province.  However,  Dr.  Stimpson's  extensive 
dredgings  in  the  fiords  of  Japan  developed  the  interesting  fact,  that  while  the 
southern  shores  presented  a  fauna  essentially  Indo-Pacific  in  its  character, 
and  abounding  in  the  usual  Cones,  Cowries,  Olives,  &c.,  the  northern  slopes 
of  the  same  islands  presented  an  assemblage  of  forms  far  more  analogous  to 
the  fauna  of  the  Sitka  and  Vancouver  region,  and  containing  many  species 
common  to  the  American  coast.  During  the  course  of  the  voyage  dredging- 
collectionsf  were  made  by  Dr.  Stimpson  at  Madeira,  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  Sydney 
Harbour,  Coral  Seas,  Port  Jackson,  Hong  Kong  (also  by  Mr.  Wright;  New  Ire- 
land, Lieut.  Van  Wy  eke;  Gasper  Straits,  Squires  ;  vicinity  of  Canton,  presented 
by  Mr.  Bowring ;  interior  of  Hong  Kong,  Wright) ;  China  Sea ;  Whampoa  ; 
Bonin  Island;  Loo  Choo  Island;  Ousima;  Katonasima  Straits;  Kikaia; 
Kikaisima  ;  Kagosima  [alas !]  ;  Hakodadi  ;  Taniogesima  (also  Wright,  Kent, 
Kern,  Boggs,  Carter);  Simoda;  Niphon  (also  Brook);  Arvatska  Bay,  Kanit- 
schatka;  Amincheche  Island,  Avikamcheche  Island,  Behring  Straits;  Scnia- 
vine  Straits,  Arctic  Ocean  (also  Captain  Rogers) ;  San  Francisco;  (Puget  Sound 
and  Shoalwater  Bay,  Dr.  Cooper,  Cat.  no.  1849-1856);  Tahiti  (also  Captain 
Stephens,  Kern),  Hawaii  (also  Garrett ;  Sea  of  Ochotsk,  Captain  Stevens).  All 
these  were  duly  catalogued,  with  stations,  depths,  and  other  particulars,  and 
living  animals  preserved  in  spirits  after  being  drawn.  The  expedition  appears 
to  have  returned  in  1856.  Although  Dr.  Stimpson  devoted  his  chief  attention 
to  articulate  animals,  and  molluscs  occupied  but  a  subordinate  share  of  his 
attention,  it  is  safe  to  say  that  in  this  short  period  he  collected  more  trust- 
worthy species  of  shells,  with  localities,  than  were  received  at  the  Smiths. 
Inst.  from  the  united  labours  of  the  naturalists  of  Captain  Wilkes's  celebrated 
expedition.  Through  some  unaccountable  cause,  certain  of  the  most  valuable 
boxes  were  "lost"  between  New  York  and  Washington ;  the  remainder  were 
placed  in  the  hands  of  Dr.  Gould  for  description,  with  the  MS.  catalogue,  a 
copy  of  which  forms  the  "  Mollusca,  Vol.  I.,"  nos.  1-2003,  of  the  Smiths. 
Mus.  Fortunately,  Dr.  Gould  embraced  the  opportunity  to  bring  the  un- 
certain shells  to  London,  and  compare  them  with  the  Cumingian  Collection. 

t  A  fuller  account  of  this  expedition  is  here  given  than  is  justified  from  its  contrilml  ions 
to  the  W.  American  fauna,  because  no  other  information  respecting  it  is  as  yet  availabta 
to  the  malacological  student. 

68 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NOPvTII  AMERICA.  583 

rhus  a  large  body  of  species,  named  from,  types,  was  prepared  for  the  New 
World ;  but,  unfortunately,  through,  imperfect  packing  and  the  practice  of 
marking  by  numbers  only,  much  of  the  value  of  this  identification  was  lost. 
The  new  species  were  described  by  Dr.  Gould  in  the  '  Boston  Proc.  Soc.  Wat. 
Hist.,'  1859-1861;  and  on  completion  of  the  series,  the  author  collected 
the  papers  embodying  the  new  species  of  the  two  great  scientific  expeditions, 
as  well  as  his  other  scattered  publications,  and  issued  them  in  a  most  valuable 
book,  entitled  '  Otia  Conchologica :  Descriptions  of  Shells  and  Molluscs,  from 
1839-1862,' Boston,  1862;  with  "Rectifications,"  embodying  such  changes  of 
nomenclature  and  synonyms  as  he  desired  to  represent  his  matured  views. 
In  quoting  Dr.  Gould's  writings,  therefore,  this  table  should  always  be  con- 
sulted. A  considerable  portion  of  the  specimens  have  been  returned  to  the 
Smiths.  Inst.,  of  which  the  larger  species  are  mounted  in  the  collection,  and 
the  smaller  ones  have  been  sent  to  the  writer  to  compare  with  those  collected 
by  Mr.  A.  Adams, which  were  unfortunately  being  described  in  the  London 
journals  almost  simultaneously.  The  war  has  unhappily  postponed  the  in- 
tention of  publishing  the  complete  lists  of  species  collected  and  identified  with 
so  much  accurate  care.  The  following,  however,  have  already  been  deter- 
mined by  Dr.  Gould  from  the  region  in  which  American  species  occur.  The 
list  is  given  entire  (so  far  as  identified),  because  species  as  yet  known  only 
on  one  coast  of  the  North  Pacific  may  hereafter  be  found  on  the  other.  It 
contains  (as  in  the  comparison  of  the  Caribbean  and  West  Mexican  fauna) 
(a)  species  certainly  identical,  (6)  probably  identical,  (c)  "  interesting  ana- 
gues,"  and  (d)  representative  forms. 

B.I.Cat.  no. 

12(53.   Crepidula  hystryx,  var.  Kagosima  Bay,  Japan.   Dead  on  shore.    [=aculeata, 

Maz.  Cat.  no.  334.] 
1319.  Poronia  rubra,  Mont.     Kagosima  Bay,  Japan.     [Tide  Maz.  Cat.  no.  154.] 

Among  sea- weeds  and  barnacles  in  2nd  and  3rd  leve  s ;  rocky  shore. 
1339.  Natica  marochiensis  [?  maroccana ;  v.  Maz.  Cat.  no.  570].     Kagosima  Bay, 

Japan.     Dead  on  shore. 

1344.  Acmcca  ? Sieboldi ;  very  near  patina.  Kagosima  Bay,  Japan.  Rocks  at  1.  w. 
1351.  Turi.na  varieyata,  Lam.  Kagosima  Bay,  Japan.  [  Vide  Maz.  Cat.  no.  484.] 

Dead  on  shore. 

1414.  Nasm  yemmidata,  Lam.  [non  C.  B.  Ad.]  Kagosima  Bay,  Japan.  5  fm.  sd. 
1476.  Acar  \_Barbatia]  gradata,  Brod.  and  Sby.  Taniop;esima,  Kagosima  Bay, 

Japan.     [  Tide  Maz.  Cat.  no.  194.]     Dead  in  ten  fm. ;  sand  and  shells. 
407,476.  Acar  \_Uarbatia]  gradata,  Brod.  and  Sby.     Port  Jackson. 
1502.  Lima  squamosa,  Lam.     Taniogesima,  Japan.    \_  —  L.  tetrica,  Gld.,  teste  Cum."] 

The  remaining  species  from  these  localities  are  either  local  or  belong  to  the 
Philippine  and  Polynesian  fauna.  At  Simoda  and  Hakodadi  we  enter  on  a 
mixed  fauna. 

1574.  Haliotis  discus,  Rve.  Simoda  and  Hakodadi.  Rocks  at  low  water,  four 
fm.  "  Kamtschatkana  seems  to  be  the  small  growth  of  the  same."  [It  ia 
locally  abundant,  however,  on  the  West  Coast ;  while  discus  has  never 
been  found  there,  and  is  much  flatter.] 

1577.  Lufraria  [&hizoth&nu  Nidtallii,  Conr.]     Hakodadi  Bay.     Eight  fm.  sand. 

1579.   Cytkerea  petechialis,  Lam.    Hakodadi  Bay.     Sand,  4th  level. 

1582.  Tritonium  \_CJirysodomus]  antiquum,  Ln.  Hakodadi  Bay  (also  Okhotsk  and 
Arctic  Oc.,  1779).  Low- water  mark  and  laminarian  zone,  on  weedy  rocks. 

1585.  Tritonium  [Priene]  Oreyonense,  Redf.  Hakodadi  Bay.  Dead  on  shore, 
and  in  twenty  fm.  Also  no.  1955. 

1588.  Tellina  Bodegensii,  Hds.     Hakodadi  Bay.     Dead  on  shore. 

1589.  Mi/a  arenaria,  Ln.     Hakodadi  Bay. 

1592.  Mercenaria  orientalis,  Gld.      [A  West  Atlantic  type,  probably  =M.  Siimp- 
Otia;  p.  169.]    Hakodadi  Bay.    Six  fm,  sand. 

69 


584  REPORT—  18G3. 

1596.  Mentis  rigida,  Gld.  [MS.  non  Old.,  Otia,  p.  85,=  Tapes,  var.  Petitii.  The 
Japanese  shell  is  Adamsii,  Rve.,  from  type].  Ilakodadi  Bay.  Four  to 
ten  fm.  sand. 

The  above  occur  in  connexion  with  local  and  with  diffused  tropical  species. 

1601.  Euthriaferrea,  live.  Simoda.  Among  stones  and  pebbles,  3rd  level.  [Al- 
most identical  with  the  Cape  Horn  species,  JE.  plumbea,  Phil.] 

1630.  Tritonium  \_Chrysodomus}  cassidarictfortnis,  live.  East  Coast  of  Japan,  lat. 
37°,  and  Hakodadi.  Twenty  fm.,  black  coarse  sand. 

1632.  Chiton  "largest"  [?  Cryptochiton  Stelleri].  Ilakodadi.  On  large  stones 
and  under  shelving  rocks,  low-water  mark. 

1634.  Pecten,  like  [  =  ]  Islandicus.     Hakodadi.     Ten  fm.  shell-sand. 

1635.  Sanguinolaria  Nuttallii,  Conr.,  =  decora,  lids.     Ilakodadi.     "  Possiblv=  Sole- 

tellina  obscurata,  Desh."     Sand,  low-water  mark. 
1637.  Macoma  lata,  "  Gmel.  in  Mus.  Cum.,=  calcarea,  Chem.,=proxima,  Brown,  = 

sordida,  CoMth.^Suensoni,  Morch."     Ilakodadi.     4th  level,  sandy  mud. 
1639.  Litorina  Grcenlandtca,  Chem.     Ilakodadi.     Hocks,  1st  level. 


1648.   Cardium  pseudofossile,  Hve.,  =  blaHdum,  Gld.,  perhaps  =  Californicnsi  ',  Desh. 

Hakodadi.     Twentv  fin.  sand. 

1051.   Ttrebratida  \_Waldieimia~}  Grayi,  Desh.    Ilakodadi.    Sb  ell  y  gravel,  8-15  f»i. 
1665.  Leda  arctica,  Brod.  [=1^.  lanceolata,  3  .  Sbv.].   Hakodadi.   Saudy  mud,  4-12 

fm.     Seniavine  Str.,  10-30  fm. 

1674.  Drillia  inennis,  Hds.     Hakodadi.     Shelly  sand,  4-10  fm. 
1700.  Pecten  Yessoensis,  Jay.     [Probably  a  var.  of  Amusium  caurmumJ]    Hakodadi. 

Weedy  mud,  4  fm. 

1702.  Cardium  (Serripes)    Grcenlandicum.     Awatska  Bay,  Kamtschatka.     Mud, 

12  fm.     Also  Avikamcheche  Is.,  Behring  Str.,  and  Arctic  Ocean. 

1703.  Yoldia  thraciceformis,  Storer.     Hakodadi.     Mud,  12  fm. 

1704.  Mytilus  edulis.     Hakodadi.      Also   Avikamcheche   Is.,   Behring  Str.,  and 

Arctic  Ocean.     Low-water  mark,  and  in  3rd  and  4th  level. 

1705.  Cardium  Calif  omiense,  Desh.     Ilakodadi.     Mud,  12  fm.     [=  no.  1648.] 

1706.  Mya  truncata.    Hakodadi  ;  also  Avikamcheche  Is.     Mud,  6-15  I'm.     Alro 

Arctic  Ocean,  in  mud,  30  fm. 

1708.  Buccinum  glaciate.     Hakodadi,  and  Straits  of  Seniavine,  at  Aminchecho 
Is.,  Behring  Str. 

1710.  Tritonium  [Chrysodomw~]  antiquum+  deformis,  Hve.;  and  vars.     Hakodadi 

and  Avikamcheche  Is.     Gravel,  4  fm. 

1711.  Buccinum  tortuosttm,  Rve.,  =  6Ta/an/orme-f-vars.    Straits  of  Seniavine. 

1714.  Mya  ?arenaria.    Hakodadi  and  Avikamcheche  Is. 

1715.  Bullia  [  Volutharpa~]ampullacea,  Midd.     Hakodadi.     Gravel,  5-6  fm. 

1716.  Lanistes  Icevigata,  Gray  (^discors,  Ln.,  teste  Dkr.  in  Mus.  Cum.).     Mud, 

20  fm.    Hakodadi  and  Arctic  Ocean  ;  common,  in  nests,  30  fm.  ;  no.  17ot). 

1717.  Trichotropis  midticaudata  [?=Tr.  coronata,  Otia,  p.  121:  related  to  insignia^ 

Midd.,  teste  A.  Ad.].     Hakodadi.     Gravelly  mud,  15  fm. 

1718.  \Lepeta']  caca,  var.  concentrica,  Midd.     Hakodadi  and  Arctic  Ocean. 

1719.  Trichotropis  bicarinata,  Sby.   Hakodadi.    Not  uncommon  in  laminarian  zone. 

Arctic  Ocean  ;  common. 

1720.  Macoma  proxima,  Brown.      Hakodadi;    mud,  5-25  fm.     Awatska  Bay. 

Arctic  Ocean  ;  common,  no.  1727. 

1721.  Macoma  edentula,  Brod.  and  Sby.     Hakodadi.     Avikamcheche  Is. 

1722.  Crepidula  grandis,  Midd.     Hakodadi.     Okhotsk,  15  fm.  :  no.  2002. 

1723.  Venus  Jluctuosa,  Gld.,  1841.  ?  =  astartoides,  Beck,  1849.  Hakodadi  and  Arctic 

Ocean  :  not  uncommon.     Mud,  5-10  fm. 

1725.  Cardita  (Actinobohis)  borealis,  Conr.     Avikamcheche  Is.,  Behring  Strait?  ; 

mud,  5-30  fm.     Awatska  Bay  ;  10  fm.  mud.     Arctic  Ocean  ;  common. 

1726.  Saxicava  pholadis}  I^.^ruyosa+dintorta.  Avikamcheclie  Is.,  Arctic  Ocean. 

Awatska  Bay;  on  shells,  &c.     Lam.  zone  ;  no.  1729. 

1728..  Margarita  obscura,  Couth.     Awatska  Bav,  Kamtschatka.     Mud,  10  fm. 
1732.  Bela  turricida.,  Mont    Awatska  Bay  -,  mud,  6-15  fm.    Also  Seuiaviae  Str,; 

no.  1782. 

70 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  5    5 

S.I. Cat.  no. 

1733.  Yoldia  Umatula,  Say.  Awatska  Bay  and  Arctic  Oc.    Mud,  common,  5-20  fm. 

1734.  Nation  clausa,  Brod.     Awatska  Bay.     Mud,  5-15  fm. 

1735.  Yoldia  myalis  (or  hyperborea).     Awatska  Bay.     Mud,  10  fin. 

1730.  Leda  minuta.  Seniavine  Str.  ;  Arctic  Oc.,  near  Behr.  Str.     Mud  and  pebbly 

sand,  15-30  fm.,  coarse  striae. 
1737.  Leda  minuta,  var.    Ditto.     Mud  and  pebbly  sand,  5-20  fm.,  fine  striae. 

1740.  Modiolaria  corrugata.     Ditto.     Mud,  in  nests,  30  fm. 

1741.  Rhynchonella  psittacea.     Ditto.     Gravel  and  sponges,  20-30  fm. 

1742.  Margarita  striata,  Leach.     Ditto.     Shelly  gravel,  common,  15-30  fm, 

1744.  Admete  arctica,  Midd.     Ditto.     Mud,  30  "fin. 

1745.  Admete  viridula,  Couth.     Ditto.     Gravel,  4  fm. ;  mud,  10-30  fm. 

1747.  Velutina  haliotoidea.     Ditto.     Gravel,  10-25  fm. 

1748.  Margarita  argentata  [Gld.  Inv.  Mass.].     Ditto.     Mud,  30  fm. ;  shelly,  15- 

25  fm. 

1749.  Turritella  (sp.),  Migh.     Ditto.     Mud,  30  fm. ;  clean  gravel,  4-20  fm. 

1750.  Trichotropis  bicarinata.     Ditto.     Pebbly  mud,  5-G  fm. 

1751.  Lunatia  pallida,  Brod.     Ditto.     Mud,  10-30  fm. 

1752.  CylicJma  triticea,  Couth.     Ditto.     Mud,  15-30  fm. 

1753.  Velutina  {Mornlia}  zonata  [Gld.  Inv.  Mass.].     Ditto.     On  stones,  5  fm. 

1754.  Nucula  tennis,  Mont.     Ditto.     Mud,  common,  20-30  fm. ;  pebbly  mud,  5-20 

fin.     Also  Hakodadi  j  sandy  mud,  10  I'm. ;  no.  1687. 

1756.  Trophon  clathratus,  Linn.     Ditto.     Mud,  :.'0-30  fm. ;  gravel,  4  fm. 

1757.  Lunatia  septentrionalis,  Beck.      Ditto.      Gravelly  mud,  common,  20  fm. ; 

gravel,  4  fm. 

1758.  Amicula  vestita,  Sby.     Ditto.     Gravel,  common,  10-40  fm. 

1759.  Scalaria  Grocnlandica,  Chemn.     Ditto.     Mud,  30  fm. 

1760.  Lunatia  pallidoides.     Ditto.     Mud,  30  fm. 

1761.  Chrysodomus  Islandicus,  Chemn.     Ditto.     Mud,  30  fm. 

1762.  Patella  \Lepeta~\  Candida,  Couth.     Ditto.     Mud,  30  fm. 

1763.  Chiton  albus,  Linn.     Ditto.     On  shells  in  mud,  30  fm. 
1765.   Chrysodomus  Schantaricus,  Midd.    Ditto.     Mud,  20-30  fm. 

1770.  Astarte  lactea,  Br.  and  Sby.     Arctic  Oc.     Mud,  30  fm. 

1771.  Pecten  Islandicus,  Chemn.,  var.     Arctic  Oc.     Mud,  30  fm. 

1773.  Buccinum  ?undatum  (probably  bicarinate  var.  of  glaciate}.     Arctic  Ocean. 

1774.  Buccinum  tundatum,  var.  pelagica.     Arctic  Ocean. 

1775.  Buccinum  ?Ochotense,  Midd.     Arctic  Ocean. 

1776.  Buccinum  angulosum,  Gray  (= ylaciale,  var.).     Arctic  Ocean. 

1777.  Buccinum  ?  tenue,  Gray.     Arctic  Ocean. 

1778.  Mangclia,  like  simplex,  Midd.     Arctic  Ocean. 

1781.  Bela  rufa,  Mont.     Seniavine  Str.     Pebbly  mud,  common,  5  fm. 

1783.  Turritella  erosa.     Seniavine  Sto     Mud,  10-20  fm. 

1784.  Lyonsia  Norvegica,  Chem.     Seniavine  Str.     Pebbly  mud,  5  fm. 

1785.  Trichotropis  imignis,  Midd.     Seniavine  Str.     Gravel,  10  fin. 

1789.  Bela  decussata,  Couth.    Seniavine  Str.    Sandy  mud,  10-20  fni.    Also  Awatska 

Bay ;  no.  1730. 

1790.  Yoldia  myalis,  Couth.    Seniavine  Str.     Mud,  10-20  fm. ;  pebbly  mud,  5  fni. 

1791.  Bela  harpidaria,  Couth.     Pebbly  mud,  5  fm. 

1793.  Margarita  helicina,  Fabr.     Behring  Str.     Clean  gravel  and  algse,  5  fm. 
1796.   Turtonia  [?  minuta,  Fabr.].    Behring  Str.     Common  on  sponges,  20-40  fm. 

1798.  Lunatia  \_Acrybia~]  aperta,  Lov.     Kamtschatka. 

1799.  Modiolaria  nigra,  Gray.     Arctic  Ocean. 

1821.   Chamalobata  [  —  exogyra,  Jay,  non  Conr.].     China  Sea,  west  of  Formosa, 

Shell- gravel,  30  fm. 
18"36.  Purpura  emarginata,  Desh.     San  Francisco.     On  rocks  in  4th  level. 

1837.  Litorina  plena,  Gld.     San  Francisco.     On  rocks  in  3rd  and  4th  levels. 

1838.  Acmcea  textilis,  Gld.     San  Francisco.     On  piles  and  rocks  between  tides. 
18386.  Acmcea  patina,  E*ch.     San  Francisco.     On  piles  and  rocks  between  tides. 

1839.  Cryptomya  Californica,  Conr.    San  Francisco.     On  sandy  beaches. 

1840.  Macoma  nasuta,  Conr.     S«n  Francisco.     Common  in  sandy  mud,  1.  w.  10  fm. 

1841.  CardiumNuttallii,  Conr.  San  Francisco.   Common  in  sandy  mud,  1.  w.  10  fin, 

71 


586  REPORT— 1863. 

S.I.  Cat.  no. 

]S4o.  Mytilm  edidis,  var.     San  Francisco.     On  rocks  and  gravel,  4th  level. 
18-14.  Mytilus  Calif ornianus,  Conr.     Near  entrance  to  San  Francisco.     On  rocks 
and  gravel,  4th  level. 

1845.  Tapes  diversa,  Sby.      San  Francisco  Bay.     Very  common,  low-water  mark 

[=  V.  staminea,  Conr.,  var.,  =  V.  mundidus,  Rve.  j  v.  antea,  p.  570J. 

1846.  Chiton  \_Mopalia]  muscosm,  Gld.      Entrance  of  San  Francisco  Bay.     Not 

uncommon  on  rocks  at  low-water  mark. 

1847.  Oryptodon  [Schizoth&nts]  Nuttallii,  Conr.,  jun.     San  Francisco.     One  sp. 

1848.  MacJuera  lucida,  Conr.     San  Francisco.     Common.     [  =  M.  patula,  Portl.] 

The  shells  brought  back  by  the  Expedition  from  Puget  Sound  and  Shoal- 
water  Bay  were  collected  by  Dr.  Cooper,  whom  Dr.  Stimpson  met  at  San 
Francisco,  and  are  not  here  catalogued,  as  they  appear  again  in  his  own 
collections,  v.  infra,  par.  101. 

1SG9.  Lithophaffiis  cinnamomem.     China  coast,  lat.  23|°.     Dead,  25  fin.,  sand. 
11)24.  Helix  tudiculata.  Bin.  Petaluma,  CaL;  under  stems  in  open  grove  of  scruboak. 
100(3.  Mytilus  splendens,  Gld.     Hakodadi  Bay.     Rocks  below  tide-marks,  com. 

1957.  Anomia  olivacea,  Gld.     Hakodadi  Bay.     On  shells  or  gravelly  sand,  10  fm. 

1958.  Cerastoma  foliatum,  var.  Eurnettn,  Ad.  and  Rve.     Hakodadi  "Bay  and  N.  E. 

part  of  Niphon.     Low-water  mark,  on  rocks  and  boulders. 
lr»")9.  Haliotis  Kamtschatkana,  Jonas.     N.  E.  shore  of  Niphon.     See  no.  1574. 
1HGO.  Ptirpura  Freycmettii,  Desh.     N.  E.  shore  of  Niphon.     Common  on  rocks. 
ltX>l.  Ptirpwa  Freycinettti,  var.  with  muriciform  lamelke.    N.  E.  shore  of  Niphon. 
lfK>  .  Placunanomia  macroschisma,  Desh.     West  Coast  of  Jesso.     Gravel,  30  fin. 
10GS.   Terebmtida  pulvinata,  Gld.     Arctic  Ocean.     Gravel,  30  fm. 
20JO.  Puncturetta  noachina,  Linn.     Sea  of  Okhotsk.     Gravel,  20  fm. 
2  *)1.  Astftrfe  Ittctea,  Brod.  and  Sby.     Sea  of  Okhotsk.     Gravel,  20  fm. 
2J03.  Terebratida  yhbosa,  Lam.    Sea  of  Okhotsk.     Gravel,  36  fm.    [Perhaps  Cali- 

farnica,  Koch.] 

The  following,  from  among  the  new  species  described  by  Dr.  Gould  in  his 
'  Oda  Conch.,'  belong  to  the  same  province,  and  to  forms  which  may  be  ex- 
pected to  appear  on  the  northern  shores  of  West  America.  They  were  first 
published  in  the  Proc.  Bosk  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  under  the  dates  quoted : — 

Otia.p.  Bost.  Proc.S.N.H. 

109.     1859.  June.  Natica  severa,  Gld.,  like  heros,  but  with  umbilicus  resembling 

unifasciata.  Hakodadi,  W.  S. 

109.       „  „     Natica  russa,  Gld.,  like  clausa*    Arctic  Ocean,  W.  S. 

115.      „       Dec.     Patella  pattida,  Gld.     Hakodadi.     On  stones  and  gravel,  10  fm. 
115.       „          „       Patella  grata,  Gld.     N.  E.  shore  of  Niphon. 
115.       n          „       Acmcea  dorsuosa,  Gld.,  like  patina,  var.  monticida  [monticola], 

Nutt.   Hakodadi,  on  rocks  of  2nd  and  3rd  lamin.  zone.  W.  S. 

117.  n          „        Cliiton  (Leptochitori)  concinmis,  Gld.,  like  albus,  but  with  lines  of 

punctures.     Hakodadi,  W.  S. 

118.  „          „       Oiiton  (Acanihoch&tes)  ac-hates,  Gld.    Kikaia,  Hakodadi,  W.  S. 

113.  1859.  Dec.  Chiton  (Mdpalia)  Stimpsoni,  Gld.,  like  Blainvittei,  without  an- 
terior radiating  lines.  ["  On  stones,  clean  bottom,  25  fm., 
and  under  stones  and  rocks,  low-watermark." — Smiths.  Cat. 
no.  1646.  Not  to  be  confounded  with  M.  Simpsoni.  Gray.l 
Hakodadi,  W.  S. 

120.  1860.  Sept.  Terebratufa  \?Waldheimia~]  tranxversa,  Gld.,  like  Grayt,  with 
shorter  internal  suppoiis  :  [=Crr«t/>,  teste  A.  Ad.]  Hakodadi, 
W.  S. 

]20.  „  „  Terebmtella  miniata,  Gld.,  like  Zelandiea*  Apophyses  united 
to  central  crest.  [=  Waldheiinia  Kweanica,  Ad.  and  Rve., 
teste  Rve.  from  type.  "  On  pebbles,  clean  bottom,  30  fm." 
Smiths.  Cat.  1597/1  Hakodadi,  W.  S. 

120.  „          tt      Rhynchonella  lucida,  Uld. ;  in  aspect  like  T.  vitrea,  jun. 

121.  i)          n      Trichotropis  (Iphinoe)  coronata,  Gld.  ;    like  T.  ciliata,  Kmger, 

Straits  of  Semiavine,  Arctic  Ocean,  20  fm.  mud.    \Y.  S. 

72 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  587 

Otia,p.  Bost.  Proc.  S.IST.H. 

122.  I860.    Sept.  Buccinum  Stimpsoni,  Gld.;   like  undatum,  but  quite  distinct. 

Avikamcheche  Is.,  Behring  Str.,  W.  S.     Arctic  Ocean,  Rod- 
gers.    [  Not  B.  Stimpsoniamim,  C.  B.  Ad.] 

123.  „          „      Neptimea  (Sipho)  terebralis,  Gld. ;  like  Icelandica.     Arctic  Oc. 
125.        „          „       Trophon  incomptus,  Gld. ;  like  crassus.     Hakodadi,  W.  S. 
134.        „      Oct.     Bela  turgida,  Gld.     Kamtschatka,  W.  S. 

153.  1861.  Mar.   Margarita  ianthina,  Gld.  j  like  Schantarica.     Arctic  Ocean. 

154.  „        „       Margarita  albula,  Gld.  j  like   an  overgrown   arctica.     Arctic 

Ocean.,  W.  S. 

154.        „         „       Margarita  mustelina,  Gld.     Hakodadi  j  low  water,  W.  S. 
159.        „        „       Gibbula  redimita,  Gld. ;  like  nivosa,  A.  Ad.     Hakodadi,  W.  S. 
162.  Lyonsia  ventricosa,  Gld. ;  shorter  than  Norveqica.     Hakodadi, 

2-6  fin.,  sandy  mud,  W.  S.  ["  ?  =  navicula,  jun."  A.  Ad.] 
102.  ..       Lyonsia   (Pandorina)  flabellata,    Gld. ;    like   arenosa.      Arctic 

Ocean,  W.  S. 

162.  „        „       T hear  a  lubrica,  Gld.    Hakodadi ;  common  in  mud,  6  fm.,  TV.  S. 

163.  „        „       Panopcea  fragilis,  Gld.     Hakodadi,  W.  S. 

163.  „        „       Panopcea  ?generosa,   var.    sagrinata.      Awatska   Bay,   Kamts- 

chatka, W.  S.     ["Epidermis  projects  £  in.,  as  in  Glycimeris, 
Mud,  12  fm."    Smiths.  Cat.  1701.] 

164.  „        „       Corbula  venusta,  Gld.     Hakodadi,  5-8  fm.,  shelly  sand,  W.  S. 

165.  „         „       Solen  strictus,  Gld. ;  like  corneus.     Hakodadi,  W.  S. 

165.  „  „  Solen  gracilis,  Gld.  [non  Phil.]   Hakodadi,  sandy  beaches,  W.  S. 

165.  „  „  Machcera  sodalis,  Gld. ;  like  costata.     Hakodadi,  W.  S. 

165.  „  „  Solemyapmilla,  Gld.;  like  velum.     Hakodadi,  5  fm.,  mud,  W.S. 

167.  „  „  TeHinahibrica,Gld.;  like  felix  and  fabagetta.    Hakodadi,  6  fm., 

sandy  mud,  W.  S. 

168.  „        „       Saxidomus  aratm,  Gld. ;  like  V.  maxima,  Phil.    San  Francisco. 

[Described  as  4'5  in.  long,  yet]  smaller  than  Nuttallii.  ["Open 
bays  at  Sir  F.  Drake's  ;  1.  w.,  sand."     Smiths.  Cat.  1842.] 

169.  „         „        Venus  (Mercenaria)  Stimpsoni.  Gld.  j    like  the  Atlantic  forma. 

Hakodadi,  6  fm.,  W.  S. 

170.  „        „       Mysia  (Felania)  usta,  Gld.  j  like  an  Astarte.     Hakodadi,  8  fin., 

I    sandy  mud,  W.  S. 

173.        „      Apr.    Montacata  divaricata,  Gld.  Hakodadi,  on  Spatangtts-spmes,W.  S. 

175.        „        ,.       Nucida  (Acila)  insignis,  Gld.  ;  like  mirabilis :  [identical,  teste 

A.  Ad.]     E.  Japan,  lat.  37°,  and  Hakodadi,  W.  S.    [«  20  fin. 

black  coarse  sand."— Smiths.  Cat.  1628.] 

177.        „        „       Mytilus  coruscus,  Gld.*     Hakodadi ;  common  on  rocks  between 

tide-marks,  W.  S.     [?=M.  sphndens.,  no.  1956.] 

177.  „  „  Pecten  Itetus,  Gld. ;  resembles  generally  P.  senatorius,  is  still  more 
like  P.  [Amusiwn]  caurinm.  Hakodadi,  shelly  mud,  10  fm., 
W.  S.  [Non  P.  Icctus,  Gld.,  in  U.  S.  Expl.  Exped.  Shells, 
Otia,  p.  95,  =  P.  Diffenbachii,  Gray,  teste  Cuming.] 

95.  The  United  States  Expedition  to  Japan,  under  Commodore  M.  C.  Perry, 
1852-4,  was  not  undertaken  for  scientific  purposes  ;  and  no  special  provision 
was  made  either  for  collecting  or  describing  objects  of  natural  history.  A 
large  number  of  shells,  however,  were  obtained,  and  identified  by  Dr.  Jay  of 
New  York.  In  Vol.  II.  of  the  <  Narrative  of  the  Expedition,  <fec.'  (Washing- 
ton, 1856,  pp.  289-297)  is  given  a  list  of  Japanese  shells,  with  descriptions  and 
figures  of  the  (supposed)  new  species.  The  following  are  related  to  the  mol- 
luscs of  the  "West  Coast  f.  Specimens  of  the  most  important  may  be  seen 
in  the  Cumingian  Collection. 

*  The  M.  mutabilis,  described  on  the  same  page  from  Kagosima,  is  a  Septifer;  it  is  pre- 
sumed that  the  learned  author  did  not  open  a  specimen. 

t  The  student  should  also  consult,  for  related  forms,  the  '  Mollusca  Japonica'  by  Dr. 
W.  Dunker,  Stuttgart,  1861 ; — like  all  the  other  works  of  the  same  author,  most  valuable 
for  the  patient  care,  accurate  judgment,  and  enlarged  experience  displayed;  but  relating 
chieflj  to  the  subtropical  poUioii  oi'  the  fauna, 

73 


5S3  REPORT— 1863. 

Page.      PL        Fig. 

202.  I.  7,10.  Mi/a  Japonica,  n.  s.  Volcano  Bay,  Is.  Yedo.  Closely  related 
to  M.  arenaria  :  [identical,  teste  A.  Ad.]. 

292.  1.  8,9.  Psammobia  olivacea,  n.  s.  Bay  of  Yedo.  [Nearly  allied  to 
Hiatula  Nuttalli.~] 

OQQ     (4.       1,2.    I  Pectcn    Yessoensis,   n.    8.      Hakodadi.      [Resembles  Amwittm 

^6'    )3.       3,4.    f      caurinum,  Gld.] 

295.      5.     16,17.     Purjmra  scptentrionalis,  Rve.  [  =  -?•  crispata,  var.]     PJapni:. 

295.  5.     13,15.     ?£ullia  Perryi,n.  s.     Bay  of  Yedo,  one  sp.  dredged.     [_=  I'oliJ- 

harpa  ampullacea,  Midd.l 

296.  Venerupis  Nuttalli,  Conr.  \_Saxidomus].     Japan. 
296.                           Tellina  secta,  Conr.     Japan. 

296.  Tapes  decussata,  Ln.      [Probably    T.  Petitii,  var.  or  Adamsii. 

Japan.] 

296.  Ostrea  borealis,  Ln.     Japan. 

296.  lanthina  communis,  Lam.     Japan. 

296.  lanthina  prolongata,  Blainv.     Japan. 

96.  At  the  time  that  Dr.  Gould  was  describing  Dr.  Stimpson's  Japanese 
shells  in  the  Boston  Proc.  Ac.  'N.  S.,  Mr.  A.  Adams,  R.N.,  one  of  the  leained 
authors  of  the  '  Genera  of  Recent  Mollusca,'  was  making  extensive  and  accu- 
rate dredgings  in  the  same  seas.     The  new  genera  and  species  have  been  and 
are  being  published,  in  a  series  of  papers,  in  the  Ann.  &  Mag.  Nat.  Hist,  and 
in  the  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.,  preparatory  to  an  intended  complete  work  on  the 
mollusc-fauna  of  the  Eastern  North  Pacific.     The  collections  of  Mr.  Adams 
have  already  displayed  the  Japanese  existence  of  several  species,  as  Siplionalia 
Kellettii,  Solen  sicarius,  Homalopoma  sanguineum,  &c.,  before  supposed  to  be 
peculiar  to  the  West  coast.     Unfortunately  for  our  present  purpose,  while 
the  comparison  of  specimens  was  going  on,  Mr.  Adams  was  unexpectedly 
called  to  service  on  board  H.M.S.  '  Majestic,'  and  was  obliged  to  pack  up  his 
collections.     Enough  has  been  ascertained,  however,  to  prove  that  it  will  be 
unsafe  henceforth  to  describe  species  from  either  coast  without  comparison 
with  those  of  the  opposite  shores. 

97.  Pacific  Railroad  Reports. — As  it  is  necessary,  in  studying  any  fauna, 
to  make  comparisons  far  round  in  space,  so  it  is  essential  to  travel  far  back 
in  time.     The  fullest  account  of  the  fossils  of  the  West  Coast  of  America  is 
to  be  found  in  the  l  Explorations  and  Surveys  for  a  Railroad  Route  from  the 
Mississippi  River  to  the  Pacific  Ocean,'  which  form  ten  thick  quarto  volumes, 
copiously  illustrated  with  plates,  and  published  by  the  U.S.  Senate,  Wash- 
ington, 1856  *.     The  natural-history  department  was  conducted  under  the 
superintendence  and  with  the  aid  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution ;  and  science 
is  under  special  obligations  to  Prof.  Spencer  S.  Baird,  the  Assistant  Secre- 
tary, for  his  Reports  on  the  Vertebrate  Animals.     It  would  hardly  be  ex- 
pected in  Europe  that  the  best  resume  of  the  zoology,  the  botany,  and  the 
geology  of  the  vast  region  between  the  Great  American  desert  and  the  Pacific 
should  be  found  in  a  railroad  survey.     Unfortunately,  it  has  not  been  the 
custom  to  advertize  and  sell  the  valuable  documents  printed  at  the  expense 
of  the  U.  S.  Government,  in  the  ordinary  channels  of  trade.    They  often  become 
the  perquisites  of  the  members  of  Congress,  and  through  them  of  the  various 
employes,  by  whom  they  are  transferred  to  the  booksellers'   shelves.      The 
fifth  volume  of  the  series  is  devoted  to  the  explorations  of  Lieut.  Williamson ; 
the  second  Part  contains  the  Report  by  W.  P.  Blake,  geologist  and  minero- 
logist  of  the  expedition.      In  the  Appendix,  Art.  II.,  are  found  "  Descrip- 
tions of  the  Fossil  Shells,"  by  T.  A.  Conrad.    They  were  first  published  in  the 

*  This  extremely  costly  and  valuable  assemblage  of  documents  was  selling  in  Washing- 
,on,  in  1860,  at  £5  sterling  the  set. 


ON  MOLLTJSCA  OP  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  589 

'Appendix  to  the  Preliminary  Geological  Report,'  8vo,  Washington,  1855. 
They  are  divided  into,  I.  "  Eocene,"  and  II.  "  Miocene  and  Recent  Forma- 
tions." 


I.  Eocene  (all  from  Canada  de  las  TJvas  *). 


Plate.    Fig.      No. 

II.       I.       1.     Cardium  linteum,  Conr.,  n.s.     Allied  to  C.  Nicolkti,  Conr. 

„        2.       2.     Dosinia  alta,  Conr.,  n.s. 

„        3.       3.     Meretrix  Ucasana,  Conr.,  n.s. 

„        4.       4.     Meretrix  Californiana,  Conr.,  n.s.    Allied  to  M.  Poulsoni,  Conr. 

„        5.       5.     Crassatella  Ucasana,  Conr.,  n.s. 

6.     Crassatdla  ol'ft,  Conr.,  n.s.      In  small  fragments,  but  abundant, 
as  at  Claiborne,  Al. 

„      10.       7.     Mi/iilus  humeni->,  Conr.,  n.s. 

„  6.  8.  Cardita  planic'ntit,  Lam.,  =  Venericardia  ascia,  Rogers.  First 
discoA-ered  in  Maryland  in  1829,  by  Conr. ;  occurs  abundantly 
in  Md.,  Va.,  AL,  and  is  quite  as  characteristic  of  the  Ameri- 
can as  of  the  European  Eocene  period. 

„        7.       9.     Natica?cetites,  Conr.,  1833. 

„  7.  10.  Natica?gibbosa,  Lea,  1833, or  N.  semilunata,  Lea;  also  found  ft 
Claiborne,  Al. 

„        8.     11.     Natica  alveata,  Conr.,  n.s. 

;;  12.  12.  Turritelia  Ucasana,  Conr.,  n.  s.  Allied  to  T.  obnrfa,  CoBT.,=  7'. 
lineata,  Lea,  from  Claiborne,  Al. 

n  9.  13.  Volutatithes  [?  Volutilithes]  Californiana,  Conr.,  n.s.  Resembles 
V.  Say  ana,  Conr. 

„      13.     14.     ?  Busy  can  H?akei,  Conr.,  n.s. 

„  11.  15.  Clavatula  Cali^ornica,  Conr.,  n.s.  Allied  to  C.  pronda,  Conr.,  of 
Claiborne  Eocene. 

II.  Miocene  and  Recent  Formations  (from  various  localities). 

III.    15.     16.     Cardium  mo'lestum,  Conr.,  n.s.     San  Diego.     [May  be  Hemicar- 

dimn  bianyidatum,  jun.] 

„  19.  17.  Nucida  decisa,  Conr.,  n.s.  Resembles  N.  divaricata  of  the  Ore- 
gon Miocene.  [Closely  allied  to  N.  castrensis,  &c.,  but  too  im- 
perfect to  determine.]  San  Diego. 

III.    16.     18.     Corbida  Diegoana,  Conr.,  n.s.     San  Diego. 
„      20.     19.     Meretrix  umomeris,  Conr.,  n.s.     Monterey  Co. 
„      27.     20.     Meretrix  decisa,  Conr.,  n.s.     Ocoya  Creek. 

„      22.     21.     Meretrix  Tularena,   Conr.,  n.s.,  [in  list,  "Tularana"   in  text]. 
From  a  boulder  in  Tulare  Valley.  [Comp.  Tapes  gracilis,  Gld.] 
„      28.     22.     Tettina  Diegoana,  Conr.,  n.s.,  San  Diego. 

14  18  I          I  Tellina  congesta.     Conr.,  n.s.     [Appears  a  Heterodonax,  allied  to 
&'  21 1  ^'  )      bimacidata,  Lam.]     Abundant  at  Monterey,  Carmellb,  and  San 

(      Diego. 
„      17.     24.     Tellina  Pedroana,  Conr.,  n.s.      [?=  T.  gemma,  Gld.]      Recent 

formation.     San  Pedro. 

„  29.  25.  Area  microdonta,  Conr.,  n.s.  Resembles  A.  arata,  Say,  of  the 
Maryland  Miocene.  Miocene,  ?  Tulare  Valley. 

*  The  existence  of  Eocene  strata  on  the  Pacific  slope  is  ascertained  by  a  single  boulder 
of  very  hard  sandstone,  which,  though  very  small,  furnished  fifteen  species.  Of  these, 
three  correspond  with  forms  from  Claiborne,  Alabama ;  and  the  "  finger-post  of  the 
Eocene"  appears  in  its  usual  abundance.  Mr.  Conrad  characterizes  the  specimens  as 
"  beautifully  perfect ;"  which  would  not  have  been  supposed  from  his  descriptions  and 
figures.  They  "  seem  to  indicate  a  connexion  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Oceans  during 
the  Eocene  period  ;"  and  the  author  expects  that  "  when  the  rock  shall  have  been  disco- 
vered and  investigated  in  situ,  fresh  forms  will  be  obtained,  with  which  we  are  already 
familiar  in  eastern  localities." 

75 


590  REPORT— 1863. 

Plate    Fig.      No 

IV.  31.     20.     Tapes  diversum,  Sby.      \_=  Tapes  stanwica,  Conr.,   var.    Peiiiii, 
(III.  in  text).  Desh.]     Recent  formation.     San  Pedro. 

III.  25.     27.     Saxicava  abrupta,  Conr.,  n.s.     [Probably  the  shortened  form  of 

Petricola  carditoides,  Conr.]     Recent  formation.     San  Pedro. 
n      24.     28.     Petricola  Pedroana,  Conr.,  n.s.     [Allied  to  P.  ventricosa,  Desh.] 
Recent  formation     San  Pedro. 

IV.  33.     29.     Schizothcerm  Nuttalli,Com.,"n.s"=Tresus  cajwx,  Gld.     Recent 

formation.     San  Pedro. 

III.     23.     30.     ?Lutraria   Traskei,  Conr.,  n.s.      [Not  improbably  =  Stundomtts 
Nttttallii,  Conr.,  jun.]      PMioceue.     Camiello. 

V.  45.     31.     Mactra  Diegoana,  Conr.,  n.s.     Like  M.  albaria,  of  the  Oregon 

Miocene.      [Resembles  Mulinia  angulata,  Gray.]     ?  Miocene. 
San  Diego. 

„     35.    32.     Modiolac(mtracta,ConT.,-n.s.    [Very  like  M.  recta,  Conr.]    ? Mio- 
cene.    Monterey  Co.    Recent  formation. 

„      40.    V33.     Mytilus  Pedroanus,  Conr.,  n.s.       [Probably —M.    edulis,   jun.] 
Recent  formation.     San  Pedro. 

,,      41.     34.     Pecten  Deserti,  Conr.,  n.s.      [Resembles   P.   circularis.~]     Mio- 
cene.    Carrizo  Creek,  Colorado  Desert. 

„      34.     35.     Anomia  sttbcostata,  Conr.,  n.s.     \?  =  Placunanomia  macroschisma.~] 
Miocene.     Colorado  Desert.     Allied  to  A.  Ruffini. 

n  36-38.  33.     Ostrea  vespertina,  Conr.,  n.s.     [Resembles  O.  lurida,  var.]    Mio- 
cene.    Colorado  Desert.     Like  O.  subfalcata,  Conr. 
37.     Ostrea  Heermanni,  Conr.,  n.s.     Colorado  Desert. 

„      43.     38.     Penitella  spelcea,  Conr.,  n.s.*     Recent  formation.    San  Pedro. 

,,      44.     39.     Fissurella  crenulata,  Sby.     [=Lucapina  c.~]     Recent  formation. 

San  Pedro. 

VI.     52.     40.     Crepidula  princeps,  Conr.,  n.s.    [=  C.  grandis,  Midd.]     Recent 
formation.     Santa  Barbara. 

V.     39.     41.     Narica  Diegoana,  Conr.,  n.s.     ?  Miocene.     San  Diego. 

„      42.     42.     Trochita  Diegoana,  Conr.,  n.s.      [Like  T.  ventricosa  j  but  may  be 
Galerus  contortusJ]     PMiocene.     San  Diego. 

„      46.     43.     Crucibulum  spinosum,  Conr.,  n.s.t   Recent  formation.    San  Diego. 
VI.     49.     44.     Nassa  interstriata,   Conr.,  n.s.   [=JVi   mendica,  Gld.].      Recent 
fonnation.     San  Pedro. 

„      48.     45.     Nasta  Pedroana,  Conr.,  n.s.     [Comp.  Amycla  gausapata  and  its 
congeners.]  J     Recent  formation.     San  Pedro. 

„      51.     46.     Strephona  Pedroana,  Conr.,  n.s.    [Comp.  Olivetta  baticaJ]    Recent 

formation.     San  Pedro. 

.     „      50.     47.     Litorina  Pedroana,  Conr.,  n.s.    \_=L.  plena,  Gld.]    Recent  forma- 
tion.    San  Pedro. 

n     47.     48.     Stramonita  petrosa,  Conr.,  n.s.      [Is  perhaps  Monoceros  lugubre.~\ 
?—.    Tulare  Valley. 

*  Mr.  Conrad  regards  the  "  coriaceous  cup  as  characteristic  of  the  genus."  It  appear 
a  subgenus  of  Pholadidea,  differing  in  the  form  of  the  plate.  Mr.  Try  on,  "  Mon.  Pho 
lad.,"  p.  66,  restricts  it  to  the  Penitella  penita,  which  (according  to  his  diagnosis)  ha; 
one  central  and  two  anterior  dorsal  plates.  The  closely  related  P.  ovoidea  he  leaves  u 
the  original  genus,  as  having  "two  dorsal  accessory  valves,"  although  lie  allows  that  "its 
position  cannot  be  accurately  determined  on  account  of  the  loss  of  its  dorsal  valves." 
Conrad's  fossil  has  the  shape  of  P.  ovoidea ;  but  although  he  says  that  it  is  "  widely  dis- 
tinct" from  P.penita,  I  am  unable  to  separate  it  from  the  ovoid  form  of  that  species, 
which  will  be  found  in  the  Smithsonian  series. 

t  This  is  certainly  Sowerby's  species,  to  which  Conrad  gives  a  doubting  reference.  In 
the  text  he  gives  it  as  "  spinosum,  Conr.,"  in  his  table  marking  it  as  "  nov.  sp." 

J  Conrad  compares  N.  interstriata  to  N.  trivittata,  Say,  and  N.Pedroana  toN.  lunatd, 
Say, and  states  that  the  two  Atlantic  species  are  "associated  with  each  other  both  in  the  sea 
and  in  the  Miocene  deposits  of  Virginia  and  Maryland."  As  the  two  correlative  species 
8^*0  found  together,  living  and  fossil,  on  the  Pacific  side,  there  is  presumptive  evidence  for 
their  having  descended  from  a  common  stock. 

76 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  591 

VI.     54.     49.     tGratelupia  mactropsis,  Conr.,  n.s.     [?  =  Donax  punctatostriatus.'} 
?  Miocene.    Isthmus  of  Darien.    Resembles  G.  Hydeana,  Conr. 
Eocene. 
w      55.     50.     Meretrix  Dariena,  Conr.,  n.s.      [Comp.    Cyclina  subquadrata.'} 

PMiocene.     Isthmus  of  Darien. 

„      53.     51.     Tellina  Dariena,  Conr.,  n.s.     PMiocene.     Isthmus  of  Darien. 
VII     57.    52.     Natica  Ocoyana,  Conr.,  rr.s.     [Marked  51  on  plate  :  err.]    Oeoya 

or  Pose  Creek. 
„      67.     53.     Natica  geniculata,   Conr.,   n.s.      Ocoya   Creek.      Resembles   N. 

alveata. 

„      62.     54.     Bullajugnlaris,  Conr.,  n.s.     Ocoya  Creek. 
„      69.     55.     Pleurotoma  transmontana,  Conr.,  n.s.     [Marked  60  on  plate  :  err. 

Closely  resembles  Chrysodomus  dims,  Rye.]     Ocoya  Creek. 
56.     Pleurotoma  Ocoyana,  Conr.,  n.s.  [Omitted  in  the  text.]  Ocoya  Cr. 
„      72.     57.     Syctopus  [Ficula.]  Ocoyanus,  Conr.,  n.s.     Ocoya  Creek. 
VIII.    73.     58.     Turritetta  Ocoyana,  Conr.,  n.s.     Ocoya  Creek. 
„      76.     5£.     Coins  arctatus,  Conr.,  n.s.     Ocoya  Creek. 
„      75.     60.     Tellina  Ocoyana,  Conr.,  n.s.     Ocoya  Creek. 

„      77.     61.     Pecten  Nevadanus,  Conr.,  n.s.     Very  like  N.  Humphreysii,  Mary- 
land, Miocene.     Ocoya  Creek. 

TX.    S3.     62.     Pecten  calilliformis,  Conr.,  n.s.     Very  like  P.  Madisonius}  Say, 
Virginia,  Miocene.     Ocoya  Creek. 

The  following  species  are  not  described  in  the  text,  but  quoted  in  the  list. 
Vide  p.  320  :— 

VIII.    ?78.     63.  Cardium,  sp.  ind.     Ocoya  Creek. 

64.  Area,  sp,  ind.     Ocoya  Creek. 

,.     ?80.     65.  Solen,  sp.  ind.     Ocoya  Creek. 

,.      rc^l.     66.  Dosinia,  sp.  ind.     Ocoya  Creek. 

,',     ?79.     67.  Venus,  sp.  ind.     Ocoya  Creek. 

68.  Cytherea  ?decisa,  Conr.     Ocoya  Creek. 

69.  Ostrea,  sp.  ind.     San  Fernando. 

70.  Pecten,  sp.  ind.     San  Fernando. 

71.  Turritetta  biseriata,  Cour.,  ?n.s.     San  Fernando. 
VII.    ?58.     72.  Trochus,  sp.  ind.     Benicia. 

„      P59.     73.     Turritella,  sp.  ind.     Benicia. 

„      ?71.     74.     Buccinum  ? inter striatum.     San  Pedro 

*       75.     Anodonta  Calif orniensis,  Lea.     Colorado  Desert. 

Mr.  Conrad,  than  whom  there  is  no  higher  authority  for  American  Tertiary 
fossils,  considers  the  age  of  the  Eocene  boulder  ascertained;  and  that  "the 
deposits  of  Santa  Barbara  and  San  Pedro  represent  a  recent  formation,  in 
which  (teste  Blake)  the  remains  of  the  Mammoth  occur :  and  the  shells  indi- 
cate little,  if  any,  change  of  temperature  since  their  deposition."  But  he 
acknowledges  that  the  intermediate  beds  are  of  uncertain  age.  Those  on 
Carrizo  Creek  he  refers  to  the  Miocene,  some  characteristic  species  being 
either  identical  with  the  Eastern  Miocene  or  of  closely  related  forms.  In 
addition  to  the  species  tabulated  in  this  Report,  he  quotes,  as  having  been 
collected  in  California  by  Dr.  Heermann,  "  Mercenaries  perlaminosa,  Conr., 
scarcely  differing  from  M.  Ducatelii,  Conr. ;  and  a  Cemoria,  Pandora,  and 
Cardita  of  extinct  species,  closely  analogous  to  Miocene  forms."  The  casts 
from  Ocoya  Creek  were  too  friable  to  be  preserved,  and  are  figured  and  de- 
scribed from  Mr.  Blake's  drawings ;  these  also  are  regarded  as  Miocene.  The 
San  Diegan  specimens  are  too  imperfect  for  identification ;  they  are  referred 
to  the  Miocene  by  Conrad,  but  may  perhaps  be  found  to  belong  to  a  later 

*  Several  fossils  are  figured  in  plates  vii.  and  viii.,  to  which  no  reference  is  made  in  the 
toxt.  It  is  unsafe  to  conjecture  the  genus  to  which  many  of  them  belong,  but  it  is  pre- 
nuraed  that  they  relate  to  the  indeterminate  species  here  quoted. 

77 


593  REPORT — 18G3. 

age.  The  typos  of  these  species  in  the  Smithsonian  Museum  aA  A  ra*  too  -rn- 
perfect  to  determine  specifically  with  any  confidence ;  and  by  no  means  ii*  » 
suitable  condition  to  allow  of  important  conclusions  being  drawn  from  them. 
98.  The  third  article  in  the  Appendix  to  the  same  volume  of  Reports 
contains  a  "  Catalogue  of  the  Recent  Shells,  with  Descriptions  of  the  New 
Species,"  by  Dr.  A.  A.  Gould.  The  specimens  were  (apparently)  in  the  hands 
of  Dr.  Gould  for  examination  when  he  prepared  the  MS.  for  the  first  Report; 
and  some  of  them  were  included  in  the  "  Mexican  War  Collections,"  B.  A. 
Report,  pp.  227,  228.  "  The  freshwater  shells  were  collected  in  the  Colorado 
desert  and  other  localities ;  the  land  and  marine  shells  between  San  Francisco 
and  San  Diego."  The  following  is  the  list  of  species  as  determined  by  Dr. 
Gould,  pp.  330-336.  The  specimens  belong  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution, 
where  a  large  portion  of  them  were  fortunately  discovered  and  verified. 
They  were  collected  by  W.  P.  Blake,  Esq.,  and  Dr.  T.  H.  Webb. 

Plate.       Fig.        No. 

1.  Ostrea,  sp.  ind.     Parasitic  on  twigs ;  thin,  radiately  lineated  witli 

brown.    [=O.  conchavhila,  Cpr.]    Another  species,  elongated, 
solid,  allied  to  Virginica  [var.  ruf aides].     San  Diego. 

2.  Pecten  monotimeris,  Conr.     San  Diego. 

3.  Pecten  ventrtcosus,  Sloy.,+tumidus,  Sby.      [Dead  valves,  of  tha 

form  <equisulcatus.~]     San  Diego. 

4.  Mytilm  ?edulis  \_  =  M.  trossttlus,  Gld.,  antea].     San  Francisco. 

5.  Modiola  capax,  Conr.     San  Diego. 

0.    Venus  Nuttattii,  Conr.  [=  V.  succincta,  Val.]     San  Pedro. 

7.  Venus Jluctifraga,  Sby.    San  Diego. 

8.  Tapes  grata,  Say,=  T.  discors,  Sby.,  il=straminea,  Conr."*     San 

Pedro. 

XL  10,20.  9.  Tapes  gracilis,  Gld.,n.s.  Prel.  Rep.  1855.  [Quite  distinct  from 
every  other  Tapes  known  from  the  coast.  It  is  supposed  by 
Dr.  Cooper  to  be  the  young  of  Saxidomus  aratu^  which  in 
shape  and  pattern  exactly  accord  with  the  figure  and  diagnosis. 
But  the  "  Tapes"  is  figured  without  sculpture.  The  shell  was 
not  found  at  the  Smiths.  Inst.]  San  Pedro,  Slake. 
10.  Cyclas,  sp.  ind.  Colorado  Desert. 

XT  21,22.  11.  Cardium  o-uentatum,  Gld.,  n.s.  Prel.  Rep.  1855.  [P.  Z.  S.  1850, 
p.  201,  =  C.  substriatum,  Conr.]  San  Diego.  [San  Pedro, 
Blake,  in  text.] 

12.  Lucina  orbella,  Gld.  [  =  « Mysia  (Sphcerella)  tumida,"  Conr.]    S&E 

Pedro. 

13.  Lucina  Nuttallii,  Conr.     San  Pedro. 

14.  Metodesma  ?mbrutincta,  Sby.f     San  Pedro. 

15.  Tellina  vtcifia,  C.  B.  Ad.      [Dead  specimens  of  =  Heterodonax 

("  PsammoUa"  var.)  Pacifica,  Com1.]     San  Diego. 

16.  Tilliita  sccta,  Conr.     San  Pedro. 

17.  S )h(enia  \_Cry 'ntomyal  Calif 'ornica,  Conr.     San  Diego. 

18.  Petricola  carditwdes,  C<mr.\  =  cylindracea,  Desh.     Monterey;  San 

Pedro. 

19.  Sokaafim  Calif ornicnsis,  Conr.     San  Diego. 

20.  Gnathodon  Lecontii,  Conr.,=  G.  trigonum,  Petit.   Colorado  Desert. 

\_Lecontei  is  probably  the  large  Texan  species :  trigonu8*etntM/» 
dicus  is  a  very  distinct  shell  from  Mazatlan.] 

*  Neither  Dr.  Gould,  nor  Conrad  himself,  in  his  later  geological  writings,  appears  to 
liave  called  to  mind  the  true  T.  staminea,  to  which  the  Smithsonian  shells  belong.  It  is 
the  northern  representative  of  T.  grata,  but  quite  distinct :  v.  synonymy  under  Venu* 
Petitii  —  riffida,  pars. 

f  No  "  Mesodesma  "  was  found  among  the  shells  returned  to  the  Smithsonian  Institu- 
tion, nor  has  any  been  heard-ot  from  the  coast.  Dr.  Gould's  shell  may  have  been  Semele 
i>a!ckra,  which  was  in  the  collection. 

78 


OX  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  5    3 

Plate.      Fig.          No. 

21.  Lottia  scabra,  Gld.  [non  Nutt,  Rve. :  =  spectrum,  Nutt.,  Rve.  ]  San 

Francisco. 

22.  Lottia  patina,  Esch.     San  Pedro. 

23.  Scurria  pallida.  Gray,  =  Lottia  mitra,  Brod.   [=  Scurria  mitra, 

Esch.,  =  Z.  conica,  Old.,  anteaJ\     San  Pedro. 

24.  Calyptreea  hispida,  Brod.   [=  Crucibulum  spinosum,  Sby.]      San 

Pedro  j  San  Diego. 

25.  Orepidula  incurra,  Brod.*     San  Pedro. 

26.  JM/0  nebulosa,  Old.     San  Diego. 

27.  Bulla  (Haminea)  rirescens,  Sbv.     San  Diego. 

XI.      29.      28.  Sulla  (Haminea)  vesicula,  Gl<£,  n.s.     Prel.  Rep.  1855.   [P.  Z.  S. 

1856,  p.  203.]     San  Diego,  Slake. 
XL    27,28.  29.  Bulla  (Tornatina)  incuUa,G\d.,u.s.    Prel.  Rep.  1855.    S.Diego. 

[P.  Z.  S.  1856,  p.  203.     Appears  to  be  a  Utriculi<s.~] 
30.   Trochus  mosstus,  J  onas  [  =  Chlorostoma  funebrale,  A.  Ad.,  =  mar- 

ffinatum,  Nutt.     Jonas' s  species  is  S.  American.]    San  Diego. 
XI.   25,26.  31.  Phasianella  compta,  Old.,  n.s.    Prel.  Rep.  1855.    [P.  Z.  S.  1856, 

p.  204.]     San  Diego,  Webb,  Blake. 

32.  Litorina,  sp.  ind.  [var.  plena,  Gld.]     San  Diego. 

33.  Melampus,  sp.  ind.  [olivaceus,  Cpr.]     San  Diego. 

34.  Olica  biplicata,  Sby.     San  Pedro. 

XI.   23,24.  35.  Potamis  ptdlatus,  Gld.,  n.s.    Prel.  Rep.  1855.    [=  Cerithidea  fus- 

cata,  Gld.,  n.s.     P.  Z.  S.  1856,  p.  206.    =  C.  sacrata,  var.,  teste 

Nuttall,  Cooper.]     San  Diego,  Webb,  Make. 
XI.      6-9.     36.  Amnicolaprotea,Gld.,  n.s.    Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.,  March  1855. 

Colorado  Desert  (Gran  Jornada),  Webb,  Blake. 
XL    10,11.  37.  Amnicola  longinqua,  Gld.,  n.s.      Proc.  Bost,  Soc.  N.  H.,  March 

1855.     Colorado  Desert  (Cienaga  Grande),  Blake. 
XI.    12-18.  38.  Planorbis  ammon,  Gld.,  n.s.     Proc.  Bost,  Soc.  N.  H.,  Feb.  [Otia, 

Mar.  in  text]  1855.    A  very  variable  species.    Colorado  Desert 

and  Ocoya  Creek,  Webb,  Blake. 
XI.      1-5.     39.  Pliysa  humerosa,  Gld.,  n.s.      Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  II.,  Feb.  1855. 

Colorado  Desert,  Blake  ;  Pecos  River,  Webb. 

40.  Succinea,  sp.  ind.     Ocoya  Creek. 

41.  Helix  Vancouver emis.  Lea.     San  Francisco. 

42.  Helix  San-Diegoensis,  Lea.      Point  Reyes.      [No   such  species, 

teste  Binney.] 

43.  Helix  mfumata,  Gld.  [Otia,  p.  215.]     Point  Reyes. 

44.  Helix  Oreyonensis,  Lea.     Cypress  Point. 

99.  The  fossils  of  the  various  Western  expeditions  were  being  arranged  in 
1860  in  the  Smithsonian  Museum  by  Prof.  J.  S.  Newberry,  M.D.,  a  natu- 
ralist of  rare  experience  and  accomplishments,  and  author  of  "  Reports  on 
the  Geology,  Botany,  and  Zoology  of  Northern  California  and  Oregon."  Wash- 
ington, 1857.  They  are  embodied  in  vol.  vi.  of  the  l  Pacific  Railroad  Re- 
ports.' The  following  is  a  list  of  the  fossils,  which  were  described  )<y 
Mr.  Conrad  in  pp.  69-73,  having  first  appeared  in  the  Proceedings  of  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Philadelphia,  Dec.  1856,  to  which  page-refer- 
ences are  added. 

Dr.  Newberry's  Californian  Fossils. 

Page.     Plate.        Fig. 

69.        IX.         1.    Schizopyga    Califomiana,  Conr.,  Phil.  Proc.  Dec.  1856,  p.  315. 

[Partaking  of  the  characters  of  Cancellaria  and  Pyramidella.~\ 

Santa  Clara,  Cal. 
j;          „          2.     Cryptomya  ovalis,  Conr.,  p.  314.    [Closely  approaching  the  recent 

species,  C.  Californica.]     Monterey  Co. 
ff          „  3.     Thracia  mactropsis,  Conr.,  p.  313.     Monterey  Co. 

*  The  Crepidulce  returned  in  this  collection  were  aduwa  and  fntgosa,  var. 

18G3. 


59i  REPORT—  18C3. 

Page.     Plate.    Fi?. 

70.        II.        4.    Mya  Montereyana,  Conr.,  p.  313.     [Figure  resembles  Periploma 

aryentaria.~]     Monterey  Co. 

„          „  5.    ?Alya8ul,stmiata,Conr.   [Comp.Macomainqmnata.']  Monterey  Co. 

})         n          6.    Arcopagia  medialis,  Conr.,  p.  314.      Like  A.  biplicata,  Conr..  of 

the  Maryland  Miocene.    [Closely  resembles  Lutricola  alta,  Conr.] 

Montere    Co. 


„         ,,          7.    Tapes  liuteahim,  Conr.,  p.  314.     California. 

1 


„          „          8.    Area  canal-is,  Conr.,  p.  314.     Santa  Barbara, 
„          „          9.    Area  trilincata,  Conr.,  p.  314.     Santa  Barbara. 


;onr.,  p.  dl4.     Uamorma. 

ensis,  Conr.    [Closely  resembles  Pect.  intermedms.~] 

i,  Ccrnr.,  p.  313.     ?  Santa  Barbara  and  shores  of 


„  10.  Area  congesta,  Conr.,  p.  314.     California. 

71.  III.  11.  Axincea  llarbarensis, 
„         „  12.  Mulinia  densata, 

Pablo  Bay. 

„  Dosinia  I'.mgula,  Conr.,  p.  315.     Monterey. 

„          „  13.  Dosinia  alta,  Conr.,  p.  315.     Monterey. 

„          „  14.  Pecten  Pabloensis,  Conr.     San  Pablo  Bay. 

„          „  15.  Pallium  Estrellanum,  Conr.,  p.  313.     Estrella  Valley. 

„          '„  16.  Janira  Mia,  Conr.,  p.  312.     Santa  Barbara. 

/2'      ^       I7a  }  Ostrea  Titan>  Conrv  pkil.  Proc-  1856-     San  Luis  Obispo. 

73.        V.       25.    Pandora  bilirata,  Conr.,  p.  267.      [Closely  resembles  Kennerlia 

bicarinata.~\     Santa  Barbara. 
„          „        24.     Cardita  occidental,  Conr.,  1855,  p.  267.     [?=  C.  ventricosa,  Gld.l 

Santa  Barbara. 
„         „        23.    Diadora  crucibuliformis,  Conr.,  1855,  p.  267.      [?  =  Pundweila 

cueidlata,  Gld.]     Santa  Barbara. 

Fossils  of  Gatun,  Isthmus  of  Darien. 

72.  V.        22.    Malea  ringens,  Swains.     Gatun. 
„          „        19.    TurriteUa  altilira,  Conr.     Gatun. 

„          „        20.    Turritella  Gatunensis,  Conr.     Gatun. 
„         n        20.    Triton,  sp.  ind.     Gatun. 

n         „        21.    ?  Cytherea  Dariena,  Conr.     [The  figure  does  not  appear  conspe- 
cific  with  that  in  the  Blake  collection,  no.  50.]     Galun. 

The  northern  fossils  are  supposed  by  Mr.  Conrad  to  be  of  the  Miocene  period, 
and  not  to  be  referable  to  existing  species.  Those  from  Sta.  Barbara,  however, 
are  clearly  of  a  very  recent  age,  and  probably  belong  to  the  beds  searched  by 
Col.  Jewett.  But  by  far  the  most  interesting  result  of  Dr.  Newberry's  ex- 
plorations was  the  discovery  of  the  very  typical  Pacific  shell,  Malea  ringens, 
in  the  Tertiary  strata  on  the  Atlantic  slope  of  the  Isthmus  of  Darien,  not 
many  miles  from  the  Caribbean  Sea.  The  characters  of  this  shell  being  such 
as  to  be  easily  recognized,  and  not  even  the  genus  appearing  in  the  Atlantic, 
it  is  fair  to  conclude  that  it  had  migrated  from  its  head  waters  in  the  Pacific 
during  a  period  when  the  oceans  were  connected.  We  have  a  right,  there- 
fore, to  infer  that  during  the  lifetime  of  existing  species  there  was  a  period 
when  the  present  separation  between  the  two  oceans  did  not  exist.  We 
may  conclude  that  species  as  old  in  creation  as  Malea  ringens  may  be  found 
still  living  in  each  ocean ;  and  there  is,  therefore,  no  necessity  for  creating 
"  representative  species,"  simply  because,  according  to  the  present  configu- 
ration of  our  oceans,  we  do  not  see  how  the  molluscs  could  have  travelled  to 
unexpected  grounds. 

100.  In  vol.  vii.  of  the  Pacific  Railroad  Reports,  part  2,  is  the  Geological 
Report,  presented  to  the  Hon.  Jefferson  Davis,  then  Secretary  of  War,  by 
Thos.  Antisell,  M.D.  He  states  reasons  for  believing  that  during  the  Eocene 
period  the  Sierra  Nevada  only  existed  as  a  group  of  islands ;  that  its  final 
uplifting  was  after  the  Miocene  period ;  and  that  during  the  whole  of  that 

80 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  59? 

period  the  coast-range  was  entirely  under  water.  The  Miocene  beds  ar* 
above  2000  feet  in  thickness,  and  abound  in  fossils  generally  distinct  from 
those  of  the  eastern  strata.  There  is  nothing  in  California  answering  to  the 
Northern  Drift  of  the  countries  bordering  on  the  Atlantic.  The  molluscs  of 
Dr.  AntiselTs  Survey  were  described  by  Mr.  Conrad,  pp.  189-196.  He 
remarks  that  "  the  fossils  of  the  Estrella  Yalley  and  Sta.  Inez  Mountains  are 
quite  distinct  from  those  of  the  Sta.  Barbara  beds,  and  bear  a  strong  resem- 
blance to  the  existing  Pacific  fauna.  The  Miocene  period  is  noted,  both  in 
the  eastern  and  western  beds,  for  the  extraordinary  development  of  Pecti- 
nidce,  both  in  number,  in  size,  and  in  the  exemplification  of  typical  ideas." 
It  also  appears  to  be  peculiarly  rich  in  Arcadce,  which  are  now  almost 
banished  from  that  region,  while  they  flourish  further  south.  The  large 
Amusium  caurinum  and  the  delicate  Pecten  hastatus  of  the  Vancouver  district, 
as  well  as  the  remarkable  Janira  dentata  of  the  Gulf,  may  be  regarded  as  a 
legacy  to  existing  seas  from  the  Miocene  idea;  otherwise  the  very  few 
Pectinids  which  occur  in  collections  along  the  whole  West  Coast  of  North 
America  is  a  fact  worthy  of  note.  Mr.  Conrad  has  "  no  doubt  but  that  the 
Atlantic  and  Pacific  oceans  were  connected  at  the  Eocene  period;"  and  the 
fossils  here  described  afford  strong  evidence  that  the  connexion  existed  during 
the  Miocene  epoch.  All  the  species  here  enumerated  (except  Pecten  deserti 
and  "  Anomia  subcostata  ")  were  believed  to  be  distinct  from  those  collected 
by  the  preceding  naturalists. 

Dr.  AntiseWs  Californian  Fossils. 

Page.     Plate.     Fig. 

190.  II.     1,2,      Hinnites  crassa,  Conr.     [?=1T.  yigantea,  Gray.]     Sta.  Mar- 
ti, err.  typ.]  garita. 

„  I.  1.  Pecten  Meekii,  Conr.     San  Raphael  Hills. 

„  Pecten  deserti,  Conr.     Blake's  Col.,  p.  15.     Corrizo  Creek. 

'„  III.  1.  Pecten  discus,  Conr.     Near  Sta.  Inez. 

191.  I.  2.  Pecten  mag nolia,  Conr.     [Probably  =  P.  Jeffersonius,  Say,  Vir- 

ginia.]    Near  Sta.  Inez. 

„          III.    2.        Pecten  altiplicatus,  Conr.     San  Raphael  Hills. 
„  III.     3, 4.     Pallium  Estrellanum,  Conr.     [JamraJ]     Estrella. 

„  I.     3.         Spondylus  Estrellanus,  Conr.     \?Janira.~\     Estrella. 

192.  V.     3, 5.     Tapes  montana,  Conr.     San  Buenaventura. 
„         VII.     1.         Tapes  Inezensis,  Conr.     Sta.  Inez. 

)}  IV.     1, 2.     Venus  Pajaroana,  Conr.     Pajaro  River. 

;;  IV.     3,4.     Arcopagia  unda,  Conr.     Shore  of  Sta.  Barbara  and  Estrella. 

[Closely  resembles  A.  biplicata  ;  ?  —  Lutricola  alta.~\ 
„         VII.     4.         Cyclas  permacra,  Conr.     Sierra  Monica.     Resembles  C.  pan- 

duta,  Conr.,=Zwcwa  compressa,  Lea. 
„  VI.    6.         Cyclas  Estrellana,  Conr.     Estrella. 

„  V.     1.        Area  Obispoana,  Com-.     San  Luis  Obispo. 

193.  V.     2, 4.     Parliy desma  Inezana,  Conr.     [Like  P.  crassatelloides."]     Sta, 

Inez  Mts. 

„  VI.     1, 2.     Crassatella  collina,  Conr.     Sta.  Inez  Mts. 

„  II.     3.         Ostrea  subjecta,  Conr.     "Maybe  the  young  of  O.  Panzana." 

Sierra  Monica. 

,.  II.    4.         Ostrea  Panzana,  Conr.     Panza,  Estrella,  and  Gaviote  Pas». 

H  Dosinia  alta,  Conr.     Salinas  River. 

„         VII.     2.         Dosinia  lonaula,  Conr.     Salinas  River. 

194.  VI.     4.         Dosinia  montana,  Conr.     Salinas  River. 

„  VI.     5.         Dosinia  subobliqua,  Conr.    Salinas  River.    Alsa  it  small  Vennsr 

a  Natica,  and  a  Pecten. 

M       VIII.     2, 3.     Mytilus  Inezensis,  Conr.     Sta.  Inez. 
n  V.     6.        Lutraria  transmontana,  Conr.     Allied  to  L.  papyria,  Conr: 

Los  Angeles ;  also  San  Luis. 
6  81 


5C6  REPORT—  1863. 


Paje.      Plate.    Fig. 
3. 


VI.     3.        Axinea  Barbaremis,  Conr.     Los  Angeles.    [?=mfermedt'us.] 

n  VIL  3.  ?  Mactra  Gabiotensis,  Conr.  Gaviote  Pass.  May  be  a  tick* 
zodesma.  Associated  with  Mytilus  sp.  and  InfundibuluK 
Gabiotensis. 

n         VII.     5.         Glycimeris  Estrellanus,  Conr.      Panza  and  Estrella  VaUeys 

Allied  to  Panop&a  reflexa,  Say.     [?  =  P.  yenerosa,  Old.]" 
195.  Perna  montana,  Conr.    S.Buenaventura.  Allied  to  P.  ma.t'tllata 

„         VII.     3.         Trochita  costellata,  Conr.     Gaviote  Pass. 

w        VIII.     4.          Turntella  Inezana,  Conr.     Sta.  Inez  Mts. 

„       VIII.     5.         Turritella  variata,  Conr.     Sta.  Inez  Mts. 

,.  X.     5,  6.     Natica  Inezana,  Conr.     \?Lunatia  Lemsii.~\     Sta.  Inez  Mts. 

As  before,  the  fossils  appear  to  be  in  very  bad  condition.  The  succeeding 
palaeontologists  who  have  to  identify  from  them  are  not  to  be  envied.  Theii 
principal  value  is  to  show  what  remains  in  store  for  future  explorers.  The 
extreme  beauty  of  preservation  in  the  fossils  collected  by  Col.  Jewett,  rivalling 
those  of  the  Paris  Basin,  and  sometimes  surpassing  the  conspecific  living 
shells,  makes  us  astonished  that  so  large  a  staff  of  eminent  men,  employed 
by  the  Government,  made  such  poor  instalments  of  contribution  to  malacolo- 
gical  science.  The  plan,  too  often  followed,  of  remunerating  naturalists,  not 
according  to  the  skilled  labour  they  bestow,  but  according  to  the  number  ot 
"  new  species  "  they  describe,  is  greatly  to  be  deprecated.  Further  knowledge 
concerning  the  old  species  may  be  more  important  in  scientific  inquiries  than 
the  mere  naming  of  new  forms.  It  is  generally  a  much  harder  task  to  per- 
form, and,  therefore,  more  deserving  of  substantial  as  well  as  of  honourable 
acknowledgment. 

101.  The  shells  collected  on  the  North  Pacific  Railroad  Survey  were  in- 
trusted to  W.  Cooper,  Esq.,  of  Hoboken,  New  Jersey,  for  description  :  Dr. 
Gould  being  occupied  with  preparing  the  diagnoses  of  the  N.  Pacific  E.  E. 
species.  Judge  Cooper  was  at  that  time  the  only  naturalist  in  America  known 
to  be  actively  engaged  in  studying  the  marine  shells  of  the  West  Coast,  of 
which  he  has  a  remarkably  valuable  collection.  He  had  rendered  very  valu- 
able service  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  by  naming  their  specimens.  Un- 
fortunately, there  is  such  great  difficulty  even  in  New  York  city  (of  which 
Hoboken  is  a  suburb)  in  obtaining  access  to  typically  named  shells,  AS  well  us 
to  many  necessary  books  *,  that,  notwithstanding  the  greatest  care,  errors  of 
determination  are  almost  sure  to  arise. 

The  "  Report  upon  the  Mollusca  collected  on  the  Survey,  by  Wm.  Cooper," 
forms  No.  6  of  the  Appendix,  pp.  369-386,  and  errata.  (Unfortunately  the 

*  Both  Judge  Cooper  and  Dr.  Lea  informed  me  (1860)  that  they  had  not  been  able 
even  to  see  a  copy  of  the  plates  to  the  U.  S.  Expl.  Exped.  Mollusca.  Through  special 
favour,  I  was  enabled  to  obtain  a  series  of  the  proofs  to  work  by.  The  Smithsonian 
Institution,  though  intrusted  with  the  keeping  of  the  collections,  was  not  favoured 
with  a  copy  until  after  the  war  began,  when  the  whole  series  was  granted  by  Congress. 
Judge  Cooper  had  derived  great  assistance  from  the  British  Association  Report,  and 
has  communicated  many  corrections  iu  it.  In  the  alterations  of  synonymy,  and  in 
defining  the  limits  of  specific  variation,  I  have  had  the  benefit  of  his  counsel  and  ex- 
perience; and  have  rarely  felt  compelled  to  differ  from  him.  liaving  himself  collected 
extensively  in  the  West  Indies,  he  had  excellent  opportunities  of  comparing  fresh 
specimens  from  the  now  separated  oceans.  I  was  fortunate  enough  to  meet  his  son, 
Dr.  J.  G.  Cooper,  at  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  and  to  examine  the  types  of  the 
species  he  collected  (which  are  here  enumerated)  with  the  advantage  of  his  memory 
and  knowledge.  His  later  contributions  to  the  malacology  of  \V.  America  will  be 
afterwards  enumerated:  his  valuable  Treatise  on  the  Forests  and  Trees  of  North 
America  will  be  found  in  the  Smithsonian  Reports,  1858,  pp.  240-280. 

82 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  507 

work  had  been  carelessly  printed.)     It  contains  the  following  species,  tho 
1  )calities  quoted  in  the  text  from  other  sources  being  here  omitted  :  — 


oGU.  Murex  foliatus,  Gmel.,  =  7J/.  monodon,  Esch.  (Cerostoma).     San  Diego,  ?  fossil, 

Cassidy. 

9J     Murex  festivus,  Hds.     Dead.     San  Diego,  Cassidy. 
„      Triton  Oregonensis,  Redfield  (non  Jay/  nee  Say)  =71  cancellation,  Midd., 

Rve.,  non  Lam.     Straits  of  De  Fuca,  Suckley,  Gibbs,  J.  G.  Cooper. 

370.  Clirysodomus  antiquus,  var.  Behringiana,  Midd.,  one  specimen.     Straits  of  Do 

Fuca,  Suckley.     [Comp.  Chr.  tabulatusJ] 

f)  Chrysodomus  Middendorffi-i,  Coop.,  n.  s.,=  Tritonium  decemcostatum,  Midd. 
One  specimen  on  the  shore  of  Whidby's  Island.  Straits  of  De  Fuca,  J.  G. 
Cooper.  [  =  JBuc.  liratum,  Mart.  This  being  a  remarkable  instance  of  a 
"representative  species,"  it  requires  to  be  minutely  criticized.  Judge 
Cooper  compared  his  specimen  with  130  eastern  shells*,  and  noted  the  differ- 
ences with  great  fulness  and  accuracy.  A  series  of  Middendorff's  Pacific 
shells  having  been  brought  to  England  by  Mr.  Damon,  and  sold  at  high 
prices,  I  made  a  searching  comparison  of  one  of  them  with  the  eastern 
specimens  furnished  me  by  Judge  Cooper  and  other  most  trusty  naturalists. 
According  to  the  diagnosis  of  Middendoiffii,  it  should  be  referred  to  C.  de- 
cemcostatus,  Say,  and  not  to  the  De  Fuca  species,  as  it  agrees  in  all  respects 
with  the  eastern  peculiarities  quoted,  except  that  the  riblets  near  the  canal 
are  rather  more  numerous  and  denned.  As  it  might  be  suspected  that 
Mr.  Damon's  shells  were  mixed,  I  have  made  a  similar  comparison  with  a 
shell  from  the  N.  W.  coast,  sent  to  the  Smiths.  Inst,  by  Mr.  Pease,  and  with 
the  same  result.  On  examining  the  specimens  in  the  Cumingian  Collection, 
in  company  with  A.  Adams,  Esq.,  we  were  both  convinced  that  the  eastern 
and  western  forms  could  not  be  separated.  In  the  similar  shells  collected 
by  Mr.  Adams  in  the  Japan  seas  there  are  remarkable  variations  in  the  de- 
tails of  sculpture.] 

371.  CJirysodomm  Sitchensis,  Midd.  ^—incisus,  Gld.,  =  cftr«s,  Rve.].     Str.  De  Fuca, 

Suckley,  Gibbs. 

„      Nassa  mendica,  Gld.     Puget  Sound,  Suckley. 

„  Nassa  Gibbsii,  Coop.,  n.  s.  "Resembles  N.  trivittata  more  than  N.  mendica." 
Port  Townsend,  Puget  Sound.  [In  a  large  series,  neither  Dr.  Stimpson  nor 
I  were  able  to  separate  Cis  species  from  N.  mendica.  Similar  variations 
are  common  in  British  Nassce.  Picked  individuals  from  the  Neeah  Bay- 
series  would  probably  be  named  triwttata,  if  mixed  with  eastern  shells.] 

„  Purpura  lactuca,  Esch.  ,  +  M.  fevqugineus,  Esch.,  =  P.  septentrionalis,  Rve.  Puget 
Sound,  Suckley,  Gibbs;  Shoalwater  Bay,  Str.  de  Fuca,  J.  G.  Cooper. 
"Abounds  on  rocks  and  oyster-beds  in  Shoalwater  Bay,  the  form  and 
amount  of  rugosity  depending  on  station.  The  oyster-eaters  are  smooth 
even  when  young."  —  J.  G.  C. 

G72.  Purpura  ostrina,  Gld.,  =  P.  Freycinetii,  Midd.,  non  Desh.  +P.  decemcostata 
[Coop.,  non]  Midd.  Rocks  above  low-  water  mark  ;  from  mouth  of  Hood's 
Canal  to  Str.  Fuca  ;  Puget  Sound,  common,  J.  G.  Cooper. 

„  Purpyra  lapittus  [Coop.,  non]  Linn.  [=P.  saxicola,  Val.]  Str.  De  Fuca, 
Puget  Sound,  J.  G.  Cooper.  "Found  with  P.  ostrma,  and  equally  common." 
[Some  varieties  run  into  the  New  England  form  of  P.  lapilhis,  sufficiently 
nearly  to  justify  the  identification  ;  but  the  bulk  of  the  specimens  are  easily 
distinguished  by  the  excavated  columella,  They  pass  by  insensible  grada- 
tions to  P.  ostrina,  Gld.,  which  is  a  rare  and  extreme  variety.  Many  of  the 
shells  called  P.  Freycinetii  by  Midd.  are  certainly  referable  to  this  species. 
Some  forms  pass  towards  the  true  P.  Freycinetii,  Desh.,  while  others  are 
equally  close  to  the  very  different  P.  emaryinata,  Desh.] 

„  Purpura  emarcfinata,  Des'h.,  =  P.  Conradi,  Nutt.  MS.  "Upper  California," 
Trask  -,  San  Diego,  Trotcbridae.  [This  appears  to  be  exclusively  a  southern 
form  =  saxicola,  var.] 

„      Monoceros  engonatum,  Conr.,  =  Jf.  unicarinatum,  Sby.    San  Pedro,  Dr.  Tra*k 
873.  Monoceros  hipilloicles,  Conr.,=J/.^w«cfrtfwH;  Gray.     San  Pedro,  Dr.  Tra*k. 

83 


598  REPORT— 18C3. 

Fnge. 

373.  Columbella  gausapata,  Gld.     Str.  de  Fuca,  Sucklcy. 

„  Columbella  valaa  [Cooper,  non]  Gld.  [  =  Buccinum  corrugatum,  Rve.]  Str. 
de  Fuca,  Suckley. 

„  Natica  Leivisii,  Gld.,=JV.  herculea,  Midd.  Puget  Sound,  J.  G.  Cooper,  Suck- 
ley.  "Shell  sometimes  remarkably  globose,  sometimes  with  spire  nmcli 
produced."  W.  C.  "Abundant  throughout  the  N.W.  sounds,  and  col- 
lected in  great  numbers  by  the  Indians  for  food.  In  summer  it  cravls 
above  high-water  mark  to  deposit  its  eggs  "  in  the  well-known  sand-coils, 
which  are  "beautifully  symmetrical,  smooth,  and  perfect  on  both  sides." — 

J.G.C. 

„     Potamis  pullatus,  Gld.     A  variable  species.     U.  Cal.,  Trask. 

374.  Melania  plicifera,  Lea.     Very  common  in  rivers,  W.  T.,  J.  G.  Cooptr, 

„  Melania  silicula,  Gld.  [  =  one  of  the  many  vars.  of  M.  plici/era,  teste  Lea], 
In  rivers,  W.  T.,  Nisqually  and  Oregon,  J.  G.  Cooper. 

„  Melania  Shortaensis,  Lea,  MS.  \_=Shastaensis)  Lea].  Willopah  River,  J.  G. 
Cooper. 

„  Amnicola  Nuttalliana,  Lea,  Phil.  Trans,  pi.  26.  f.  89.  Columbia  River,  J.  G. 
Cooper. 

„  Amnicola  seminalis,  Hds.  U.  Cal.,  Trask.  [Belongs  to  Dr.  Stimpson's  new- 
genus,  Flutmnicola.l 

„  Turritella  Eschrichtii,  Midd.  [=£ittium  Jilosum,  Gld.].  Puget  Sound,  Sitct> 
ley,  Gibbs. 

„  " Litorina  rudis,  Gld.,  Stn."  [Cooper,  non  Mont.].  Shoalwater  Bay,  De 
Fuca,  J.  G.  Cooper,  Suckley,  Gibbs.  "  Very  abundant  on  the  N.W.  coast, 
where  it  presents  the  same  varied  appearances  as  our  eastern  shell." — W.  C. 
[To  an  English  eye,  it  appears  quite  distinct.  L.  rudis,  Coop.,  with  ,wi- 
tenebrosa,  Midd.,  and  modesta,  Phil.,  are  probably  vars.  of  L.  Sitkana,  Phil., 
-L.  sulcata,  Gld.l 

„  Litorina  scutulata,  Gld.  On  rocks,  from  the  head  of  Puget  Sound  to  De  Fuca, 
J.  G.  Cooper. 

„      Litorina  planaxis,  Nutt.  [=£.  patula,  Gld.].     San  Luis  Obispo,  Dr.  Antisell. 

375.  Tr  chusjilosus,  Wood,=  T.  ligatus,  Gld.,=  T.  modestus,  Midd.     Str.  de  Fuca, 

J.  G.  Cooper]  U.  Cal.,  Trask.     \=T.  costatus,  Mart.] 
„      2rocftus  Schantaricus  [Coop.,  non]  Midd.  \_=zMarg.  pupilla,  Gld..,  =  M.  calo- 

stoma,  A.  Ad.]     Str.  de  Fuca,  J.  G.  Cooper,  abundant. 

„      Haliotis  Kamtschatkana,  Jonas.     Nootka  Sound,  Capt.  Russell,  teste  Trask. 
„      HaKotis  corrugata.     San  Diego,  Cassidy. 
„      Ilaliotis  splendens.     San  Diego,  Cassidy. 
„     Haliotis  rufescens.     San  Diego,  Cassidy. 

„      Haliotis  Cracherodii.  (None  of  the  rare  var.  Calif orniensis.}   S.  Diego,  Cassidy. 
„     Fissurella  nigropunctata,  Sby.     Two  specimens  sent  by  Dr.  Trask  as  coming 

from  Catalina  Is.,  U.  Cal.  [Pimported]. 
„      Fissurella  aspera}lEsch.,?  =  cratitia,  Gld.,  ?  =  densiclathrata,  live.  \_=Lincolni, 

Gray.     This  is  certainly  Gould's  species  from  type ;   but  Reeve's  shell  is 

southern,  and  appears  distinct.]     U.  Cal.,  Lieut.  Troivbridge. 

376.  Nacella  instabilis. 


Acmcea  pelta. 
Acmcea  persona. 
Acmcea  spectrum. 
Acmcea  scabra. 
Acmcea  ceruginosa. 


The  few  shells  collected  of  this  family  are  mostly  imper- 
fect, but  appear  to  belong  to  the  species  quoted :  for 
the  synonymy  of  which,  reference  is  made  to  the  Bri- 
tish Association  Report. 


j  Still  fewer  materials,  among  which  the  quoted  species 
r.  I      were  identified.      [The   "  submarmoreus"  both  of 


Scurria  mitra. 

Chiton  muscosus. 

Chiton  submarmoreus. 

Chiton  tunicatus.          T      Midd.  and  Coop.,  may  prove  to  be  Tonicia  lineataf 

Chiton  lianosus.  )      var.]     Chiefly  from  Oregon. 

Helix  fidelis,  Gray,= Nuttalliana t  Lea.    Forests  W.  of  Cascade  Mountain, 

W.  *T.,  J.  G.  Cooper. 
Helix  Zownsetidiana,  Lea.     "  Common  in  open  prairies  near  the  sea,  but  not 

near  Puget  Sound,"  W.  T.,  J.  G.  Cooper. 

84 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  5D9 

Page. 

376.  Hdix  Columbiana,  Lea,=fo&zosa,  Gld.  "In  wet  meadows  from  Vancouver 
to  the  coast,  not  near  Puget  Sound,"  W.  Tv  J.  G.  Cooper. 

877.  Helix   Fancouverensis,  Lea  \_+sportetta,  Gld.,  teste  Bland].     "West  of  Cas- 

cade Mountain ;  most  abundant  under  alder- gro ves  j  also  on  Whidby's 
Island,"  W.  T.,  J.  G.  Cooper. 

„  IMiv  devia,  Gld.,=Basikervillei,  Pfr.  Two  sp.  in  damp  woods,  near  Van- 
couver, W.  T.,  J.  G.  Cooper. 

,,  Hdix  tudiculata,  Binn.  Rare,  with  the  last,  Vancouver  ;  also  Washington 
Territory,  J.  G.  Cooper. 

„      Succinea  NuttaUiana,  Lea.     Rare  and  dead,  at  Vancouver,  J.  G.  Cooper. 

„  Umax  Columbianus,  Gld.  "Abundant  in  dense,  damp  spruce-forests,  near 
Pacific  coast;  grows  to  6  inches,  and  is  smooth,  not  rugose,  when  living," 
J.  G.  Cooper. 

878.  Limncga  umbrosa,  Gld.     Lake  Oyosa,  Okanagan  River,  J.  G.  Cooper. 

„     Limnaea  emarginata,  Say.     Lake  Oyosa,  Okanagan  River,  J.  G.  Cooper. 

„      Limmcajuguiaris,  Say.     Lake  Oyosa,  Okanagan  River,  J.  G.  Cooper. 

„     Physa  elongata,  Say.     Near  Puget  Sound,  J.  G.  Cooper. 

„     Physa  heterostropka,  Say.     Ponds  in  W.  T.,  J.  G.  Cooper. 

„     Physa  bullata,  Gld.  MS.     Lake  Oyosa,  W.  T.,  J.  G.  Cooper. 

„  Ancylus  caurinm,  Coop.,  ?n.s.  ["?  =  A.  Nuttalli,  Hold.,"  Coop.  MS.]  Black 
River,  near  Puget  Sound,  J.  G.  Cooper. 

„     Planorbis  corpulentus,  Say.     Lake  Oyosa,  W.  T.,  J.  G.  Cooper. 

„  Planorbis  trivolvis,  Say.  Exceedingly  abundant  in  shallow  lakes  near  Van- 
couver, W.  T.,  J.  G.  Cooper. 

„     Planorbis  planulatus,  Coop.,  n.  s.     "A  small  carinated  species,  found  only  in 

lakes  on  Whidby's  Island,"  /.  G.  Cooper.     [Comp.  P.  opcrcularis,  Gld.] 
379.  Sulla  nebulosa,  Gld.     Bav  of  S.  Pedro,  Trask. 

„  Sulla  tenella,  A.  Ad.,  in  Sby.  Thes.  pi.  134.  f.  104  [?].  Puget  Sound,  one  sp., 
Snckley.  [?=Haminea  hydatisJ] 

ff  Ostrea  edulis,  Coop,  [non  Linn.  :=O.  lurida,  Cpr.].  De  Fuca  and  Puget 
Sound,  Gibbs -,  Shoalwater  Bay,  Cooper.  "Small  in  Puget  Sound;  finer  in 
Shoalwater  Bay,  which  supplies  S.  Francisco  market ;  large  at  Vancouver's 
Island  ;  very  large  near  mouth  of  Hood's  Canal." 

„  \Placuri\anomia  macroschisma,  Desh.  De  Fuca,  Gibbs',  Nootka  Sound,  Copt. 
Russell. 

„     Pe?ten  caurinus,  Gld.     De  Fuca,  Suckley.     One  of  the  specimens  measures 

2 }  inches  in  circumference  and  8  in.  across. 

830.  Pecten  rentricosus,  $b\.,~\-tumidus,  Sby.  [=  ?var.  aquisulcatus,  Cpr.].  Upper 
Cal.,  Trask\  San  Diego,  Cassidy. 

,  Mytffus  edulu,  Ln.  Shoalwater  Bay,  Cooper.  "  As  abundant  as  in  Europe 
and  N.  England,  with  the  same  variations,  and  when  eaten  occasionally 
causing  urticaria." — J.  G.  Cooper. 

,  Mytilm  Cahforniamts,  Conr.  Puget  Sound,  Port  Townsend,  Stickley,  Gibbs  j 
Upper  Cal,  Trask.  One  specimen  is  9£  inches  long. 

n  Modiola  capax  [Cooper,  non]  Conr.  [  =  Jf.  modiolus,  Ln.].  Not  common.  Str. 
de  Fuca,  Gibbs,  Cooper. 

„     ModiolafiaMlata^  Gld.     Puget  S.  and  Str.  de  Fuca,  Gibbs.   [  =  3f.  recta,  var.] 

„     Lifhophaaus,  sp.  ind.,  like  falcatus.     [Probably  Adula  stylina,  Cpr.]     Rocks 

near  mouth  of  Umpqua  B-iver,  Oregon,  Dr.  Vollum. 

331.  Area  grandis,  Coop,  [non  Brod.  and  Sby.,=  A.  multicostata,  Sby.].  One  sp. 
living.  San  Diego,  Cassidy. 

n  Marffaritana  margariti/era,  ~Le&,  =  Alasmodonta  falcata,  Gld.  River  Chehalis, 
&c.,  W.  T.,  Cooper;  Shasta  River,  Or.,  Trask.  After  careful  comparison 
with  eastern  U.  S.  specimens,  and  those  from  Newfoundland  and  Europe, 
Judge  Cooper  agrees  with  Dr.  Lea  that  the  N.W.  shells  are  at  most  a  slight 
variety.  "  The  most  abundant  of  the  freshwater  bivalves,  and  the  only  one 
yet  found  in  the  Chehalis,  the  streams  running  into  Puget  Sound,  and  "most 
branches  of  the  Columbia.  No  species  is  found  in  the  streams  running  into 
Shoalwater  Bay.  Eaten  by  the  Indians  E.  of  the  Cascade  Mountains/' 
J.  G.  C, 

85 


600  KEPORT-— 1863. 

Page . 

381.  Anodonta  angulata,  Lea,+A  feminalis,  Old.     Plentiful  in  Yaldma  Hirer, 

W.  T.,  Cooper.  A  series  of  specimens  of  var'ous  ages  leads  Judge  Cooper 
to  endorse  Dr.  Lea's  opinion  of  the  identity  of  the  two  species. 

„     Anodonta  Oregonensis,  Lea.     Rivers  of  W.  T.,  Cooper. 

„     Anodonta  Wahlamatensis,  Lea.     Lagoons  in  Sacramento  River,  Dr.  Trash. 

382.  Cardium  Nuttalli,  Conr.     Shoalwater  Bay  and  Puget  Sound,  Cooper;  San 

Franc.,  Dr.  Bigelow,  Trask.  "The  most  abundant  clam  of  Shoalwater  Bay, 
inhabiting  sandy  mud,  a  few  inches  below  the  surface.  The  Indians  feel 
for  them  with  a  knife  or  sharp  stick  with  great  expertness.  In  July  many 
come  to  the  surface  and  die,  f  from  the  sun's  heat. 

„      Cardium  quadragenarium,  Conr.     One  valve.     San  Luis  Obispo,  Dr.  Antisell. 

„     Lucina  Calif  arnica,  Conr.     San  Diego,  Cassidy. 

)}      Cyclas,  sp.  ind.     Whidby's  Island ;  pools  near  Steilacoom,  Cooper. 

„  Venu^  staminea,  Conr.,+  Venerupis  Petitii,  Desh.,+  Venus  rigida,  Old.  [pars], 
+  Tapes  diversa,  Sby.  Shoalwater  Bay  and  Puget  Sound,  Cooper,  Suck- 
ley  ;  San  Francisco,  Trask ;  San  Diego,  Lieut.  Trowbridgc.  [To  the 
above  synonymy,  by  Judge  Cooper,  the  large  series  of  specimens  in  the 
Smithsonian  Mus.  compels  an  assent.  He  considers  Tapes  straminca,  of 
Sby.  Thes.,  to  be  a  variety  of  V.  histrionica,  but  it  more  probably  =  T. 
grata,  as  Dr.  Gould  appears  to  have  considered  it,  having  copied  Sowerby's 
error.  Conrad  named  it,  not  from  the  colour,  as  was  supposed  when  quoting 
it  as  " straminea"  but  from  the  thread-like  sculpture  (teste  Conr.  ips.). 
Whatever  be  the  form,  colour,  or  sculpture  of  the  shell,  Judge  Cooper 
remarks  in  all  the  same  characters  of  teeth  and  hinge  j  we  may  add  also,  of 
the  pallial  sinus.] 

883.  Saxidomus  Nuttallii  [Coop.,  non]  Conr.,+  Venerupis  gigantea,  Desh.,-f  Vemts 

maxima,  Phil.  [?].  Near  Copalux  River,  south  of  Shoalwater  Bay,  com- 
mon at  Puget  Sound,  Cooper ;  Bodegas,  Cal.,  Trask.  "  Much  superior  to 
the  Atlantic  quahog  as  food,  but  called  by  the  same  name.  Its  station  is  in 
somewhat  hard  sand, near  l.-w.  mark,",/.  G.  C.  [Judge  Cooper  regards  all 
the  Saxidomi  of  the  coast,  except  S.  aratus,  as  one  species.  The  southern 
form,  "  with  rough  concentric  striae  and  brown  disc,  is  Conrad's  species ; 
" others  from  Oregon  are  much  smoother,  without  regular  stri;e."  The.-e  are 
&  squalidus,  Desh.  Dr.  Cooper  found  "  a  fossil  variety,  in  coast-banks  10 
feet  above  sea-level,  which  is  well  figured  in  Midd.  and  (less  distinctly)  by 
Desh.  A  Californian  specimen  measures  4-8  in.  across. "  The  fossils,  through 
disintegration,  often  assume  the  aspect  of  Venus  Kennerleyi,  the  former 
margins  remaining  as  varical  ridges,  while  the  softer  interstices  have 
perished.] 
„  Venus  lamellifera,  Conr.,=  Venerupis  Cordieri,  Desh.  San  Diego,  Cassidy, 

884.  Lutraria   maxima,  Midd.,  —  L.  capax,  Gld.    [  =  Schizotheerus  Nuttalli,  Conr.] 

Shoalwater  Bay,  Cooper.  San  Francisco,  Trask.  "  Lives  buried  nearly  2  feet 
in  hard  sand,  near  1.  w.  mark, its  long  siphons  reaching  the  surface;  also  in 
many  parts  of  Puget  Sound  up  to  near  Olympia.  It  is  excellent  food,  and 
a  chief  article  of  winter  stores  to  the  Indians,  who  string  and  smoke  them 
in  their  lodges.  Length,  7f  in.  The  burrows  are  found  in  the  cliffs,  10  fert 
above  high  water,  with  all  the  other  Mollusca  now  living ;  and  two,  not 
now  found,  were  then  common  [viz.  ?...].  The  Indians  have  no  tradition 
as  to  the  elevation,  and  the  ancient  trees  show  no  signs  of  the  irregular 
upheavings  which  raised  the  former  levels  of  low  water,  by  successive 
stages,  to  a  height  now  nearly  100  feet,"  J.  G.  C. 

„      Tellina  nasuta,  Conr.     Common,  from  L.  Cal.  to  the  Arctic  Seas.     Shoal- 
water Bay,  Cooper-,  Puget  Sound,  SucJdcy;  San  Francisco,  Trask. 

„      Tellina  edentula  [Cpr.,  Coop.,  not  Brod.  and  S\>y.,  =  Macoma  secta,  var.  edulis, 
Nutt,].     Puget  Sound,  Gibbs. 

„      Tellina  Bodegensis,  lids.     Shoalwater  Bay,  rare,  Cooper;  mouth  of  Umpqua 

River,  Vollum. 

885.  Sanguinolaria  Californiana,  Conr.     "Common  at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia 
and  other  rivers,  and  high  up  salt-water  creeks/'   Cooper.      \_  = 
inconspicua}  Brod.  and  Sby.] 

86 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  601 


_ 


Solen  sicarius,  Gld.  One  dead  shell,  near  Steilacoom,  Puget  Sound,  Cooper. 
"  Probably  abundant  on  the  mud-flats  near  the  mouth  of  the  Nisqually 
River,"  j.  G.  C. 

9f  Machcera  patula,  Portl.  and  Dix.  (Coop,  errata  ;  Nuttalli  in  text),  =  Solen 
maximus,  Wood,  non  C\i?mn.,=  Solecurtus  Nuttallii,  Com.,  =  Macha;ra  cos- 
tata,  Midd.,  non  Say.  Washington  Ter.,  Cooper.  "Burrows  a  few  inches 
from  the  surface,  at  the  edge  of  the  usual  low  tide  ;  is  justly  considered 
(except  the  oyster)  the  best  of  the  many  fine  eatable  molluscs  of  the  coast. 
It  is  the  only  truly  marine  mollusc  found  near  the  Columbia  River  ;  extends 
northwards  wherever  the  beach  is  sandy,  but  not  known  in  the  Straits  of 
de  Fuca,"  J.  G.  C. 

9t  Mya  cancellata,  (Platyodon)  ,  Conr.  Dead  valves,  St.  Luis  Obispo,  Dr, 
Antisell, 

„      Sph(snia  California,  (Cryptomyd),  Conr.     San  Francisco,  Trask. 
886.  MytiUmeria  Nuttalli,  Conr.     A  group,  nestling  in  a  white,  friable,  arenaceous 
substance,  was  obtained  at  San  Diego  by  Lieut.  Trowbridge. 

n  Pholas  [Pholadidea]  penita,  Conr.,  =  P,  concamerata,  Desh.  From  worn  rock 
which  drifted  into  Shoal  water  Bay,  attached  to  the  roots  of  Macrocystis, 
the  giant  seaweed,  Cooper  ;  De  Fuca,  Suckley;  mouth  of  Umpqua  River, 
Oregon,  Dr.  Vollum. 

The  above  list  must  be  considered  as  a  resume,  not  merely  of  the  shells  of  the 
N.  P.  Railroad  Survey,  but  also  of  all  those  examined  by  Judge  Cooper,  from 
the  Smithsonian  Museum  and  from  his  own  private  collection.  It  is  pecu- 
liarly valuable  as  preserving  the  notes  concerning  station,  &c.,  of  the  original 
explorers,  and  has  therefore  required  a  more  lengthened  analysis. 

The  land-shells  collected  byDr.  Newberry  in  the  Pacific  Railroad  Survey  were 
described  by  W.  G.  Binney,  Esq.,  with  his  accustomed  accuracy.  His  paper 
will  be  found  in  the  Reports,  vol.  vi.  pp.  111-114.  The  following  are  the 
only  species  enumerated  :  — 

1.  Helix  Jidelis,  Gray,  Chem.,  Pfr.,  Rve.,  =  ^T.  Nuttalliana^  Lea,  Binney,  sen.,  De 

Kay.     Portland,  Oregon,  Newberry.     Local. 

2.  Helix  infumata,  Gld.,  Proc.  Bost.  N.  H.  S.,  Feb.  1855,  p.  127.     Hills  near 

San  Francisco,  Newberry.     Extremely  rare. 
.3.  Helix  ceruginosa,  Gld.,  var.  /3.  loc.  cit.     North  of  San  Francisco,  Newberry. 

Rare. 
4.  Helix  Dupetithouarsi,  jun.,   Desh.,  Chem.,  Pfr.,  Rve.,=  jy.   Oregonmsis,  Lea, 

Pfr.     San  Francisco,  Benicia,  Cal.  ;  Klamath  Lake,  Oregon;  Newberry.     "  One 

of  the  commonest  and  most  widely  distributed  species  of  the  Pacific  region." 
102.  The  U.  S.  Government  also  sent  out  a  "  North-west  Boundary  Com- 
mission," in  charge  of  Archibald  Campbell,  Esq.  The  natural-history 
arrangements  were  superintended  by  the  Smithsonian  Inst.,  and  Dr.  C.  B.  R. 
Kennedy  was  appointed  naturalist  to  the  Expedition.  At  his  request,  I 
undertook  to  prepare  a  Report  of  the  Mollusca,  to  be  published  and  illustrated 
in  a  form  corresponding  to  the  Pacific  Railroad  Reports;  Dr.  Alcock  kindly 
undertaking  to  dissect  the  animals,  and  Mr.  Busk  to  examine  the  Polyzoa. 
Dr.  Kennerly  died  on  his  return  from  a  three  years'  exploration  ;  and  the 
civil  war  has  thus  far  delayed  any  further  publication.  The  materials  have, 
however,  been  thoroughly  investigated.  They  consist  principally  of  dredg- 
ings  in  Puget  Sound.  On  reference  to  the  maps  published  by  the  U.  S. 
Coast  Survey,  it  will  be  seen  that  this  inland  sea  consists  of  a  remarkable 
labyrinth  of  waters,  fiord  within  fiord,  and  only  indirectly  connected  with 
the  currents  of  the  Pacific  Ocean.  It  might  therefore  be  expected  to  furnish 
us  with  the  species  of  quiet  migration,  and  perhaps  with  those  still  living 
from  a  period  of  previous  altered  conditions.  No  doubt  it  will  furnish  new 
materials  to  reward  the  labours  of  many  successsive  naturalists.  The  pre- 

87 


602  REPORT— 1863. 

maturely  closed  investigations  of  Dr.  Kennerley  are  only  the  beginning  of  a 
rich  harvest.  Dr.  George  Suckley,  late  assistant-surgeon  of  the  U.  S.  army, 
was  appointed  to  complete  the  natural-history  work,  after  his  lamented 
death.  A  complete  list  of  the  species  collected  will  be  found  in  the  fifth  column 
of  the  Vancouver  and  Californian  table,  v.  infra,  par.  112.  The  particulars 
of  station,  &c.,  and  all  the  knowledge  which  the  laborious  explorer  had  col- 
lected, are  lost  to  science.  It  is  quite  possible  that  some  of  the  species  here 
accredited  to  Puget  Sound  were  obtained  in  neighbouring  localities  in  the 
Straits  of  De  Puca.  The  specimens  are  in  beautifully  fresh  condition,  and 
of  most  of  them  the  animals  were  preserved  in  alcohol.  The  following  are  the 
shells  first  brought  from  the  Vancouver  district  by  the  American  N.  W. 
Boundary  Commission,  the  diagnoses  of  new  species  being  (according  to 
custom)  first  published  in  the  Proceeding's  of  the  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Philadelphia. 

No. 

1.  Zirphcea  crispata.    Two  living  specimens  of  this  very  characteristic  Atlantic  sp. 

2.  Saxicava  pholadis.     Several  living  specimens. 

3.  Sphania  ovoidea,  n.  s.     One  sp.  living. 

4.  Cryptomya  Californica.     Several  living  sp. 

5.  Thracia  curta.    One  specimen. 

G.  Mytilimeria  Nuttallii.  Three  sp.  living  at  base  of  test  of  Ascidian.  [The  animal 
appeared  too  peculiar  to  venture  on  a  dissection.  It  has  been  entrusted  to 
Dr.  Alcock,  of  the  Manchester  Museum.] 

7.  Ne&ra  pectinata,  n.  s.     One  sp.  living. 

S.  Kennerliafilosa,  n.  s.  and  n.  subg1.     Several  living  specimens. 

9.  Psammobia  rubroradiata.     One  Afresh  specimen  of  uniform  tint. 

10.  Macoma  (?v.)  expansa.     Adult  broken ;  young  living.     Belongs  to  a  group  of 

forms  classed  together  by  some  writers  under  lata  or  proximo,  but  the  cha- 
racters of  the  hinge  and  mantle-bend  have  not  yet  been  sufficiently  studied. 

11.  Macoma  yoldiformis,  n.  s.     One  valve. 

12.  Angulus  modestus,  n.  s.,  but  closely  allied  to  the  eastern  A.  tener,  Say.     Two 

sp.  living. 
126.  Angulus  (?modestus,  var.)  obtusus.     Several  fresh  specimens. 

13.  dementia  subdiaphana,  n.  s.     Very  rare,  living.     Intermediate  between  de- 

mentia proper  and  the  prora  group  of  thin  Callistee. 

14.  Psephis  Lordi,  Baird.     Several  living  sp.  from  which  the  subg.  was  eliminated. 

15.  Venus  Kennei'lyi,  Rve.     Very  rare.     One  sp.  living.     Some  of  the  shells  called 

V.  astartoides  by  Midd.  may  be  the  young  of  this. 

16.  Petricola  carditoides.     Several  fresh  specimens. 

17.  Astarte  (?  var.)  compacta.     One  sp.  living ;  may  hereafter  be  connected  with  A. 

compressa. 

18.  Serripes  Grcenlandicus.     Several  young  living  specimens. 

19.  Lucina  tenuisculpta,  n.  s.     Two  living  specimens,  of  which  one  had  the  surface 

disintegrated. 

20.  Cryptodon  serricatus,  n.  s.     One  living  sp. 

21.  Kellia  Laperousii.     A  few  living  specimens. 

22.  Kellia  suborbicularis.     A  few  living  specimens. 

23.  Lasea  rubra.     One  sp.  living. 

24.  Pythina  rugifera,  n.  s.     Two  living  sp.     Intermediate  between  Pytltina  and 

Kellia. 

25.  Tellimya  tumida,  n.  s.     One  sp.  living. 

26.  Modiolaria  lavigata.     Two  living  sp. 

27.  Mo'diolaria  marmorata.     One  sp.  living.     (A  shell  in  the  U.  S.  E.  E.  Col., 

though  marked  "Fiji"  in  Dr.  Gould  s  MS.  list,  probably  came  from  Puget 
Sound,  being  thus  confirmed.) 

28.  Nucula  tennis.     Two  sp.  living*, 

29.  Acila  castrensis.     One  sp.  living. 

30.  Leda  fossa,  Baird.     One  normal  sp.  living. 

*  These  species  were  kindly  determined  by  Mr.  Hanley. 
88 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  603 

No. 

31.  Leda  minuta,  Linn.     One  sp.  living*. 

32.  Yoldia  lanceolata,  J.  Sby.     Two  sp.  living*. 

33.  Yoldia  amygdala.     One  sp.  living*. 

34.  Haminea  hydatis.     Two  sp.  living. 

35.  36.  Two  species  of  Tectibranchiates,  not  yet  worked-out  by  Dr.  Alcock. 

37.  Tornatina  eximia,  Baird.     Abundant,  living. 

38.  Cylichna  (?var.)  attonsa.     One  living  sp.     Probably  a  variety  of  cylindracea. 

39.  Dentalium  rectius,  n.  s.     Very  rare,  dead. 

40.  Acanthopleura  scabra.     One  young  living  sp. 

41.  Mopalia  Grayii,  n.  s.     One  living  sp. 

42.  Mopalia  Hindsii.     One  living  sp. 

43.  Mopalia  smuatan.  s.     Two  sp.  living.    {  A  well.marked  ^  ^  . 

44.  Mopaha  tmporcata,  n.  s.   Two  sp.  living,  j 

45.  Ischnochiton  ( Trachydermori)  trifidus,  n.  s.     One  living  sp. 

46.  Ischnochiton  (Trachydermoti)  flectens,  n.  s.     One  living  sp. 

47.  Ischnochiton  (Trachydermon)  retiporosus,  n.  s.     One  living  sp. 

48.  Ischnochiton  (Lfyidopkurus)  Mertcnsii.     Rare,  living. 

49.  Lepeta  ceecoides,  n.  s.     Three  sp.  living. 

50.  Calliostoma  varieyatum,  n.  s.     One  living  sp. 

61.  Margarita  ?  Vahlii.     Three  sp.  living,  =  M.  pusilla,  Jeffr.,  teste  A.  Ad. 

516.  Margarita  (?  v.)  tenuisculpta.  Perhaps  a  var.  of  Vahlii,  but  sculptured.    Several 
living  specimens. 

62.  Margarita  lirulata,  n.  s.    Several  living  specimens,  forming  a  Darwinian  group, 

of  which  var.  «.  wbelevata,  var.  j3.  obsoleta,  and  ?var.  y.  conica  might  pass 
for  species  from  single  specimens. 

53.  Margarita  infiata,  n.  s.     Two  sp.  living. 

54.  Me?aUa  lacteola,  ?n.  s.     Two  sp.  living,  but  eroded.     May  prove  a  var.  of 

lactea,  but  with  different  sculpture. 
54J.  Mesalia  (?lacteola,  var.)  subplanata.   Two  sp.  living,  but  eroded. 

55.  Lacuna  vincta.     One  fresh  specimen. 

56.  Rissoa  compacta,  n.  s.     Not  uncommon,  living. 

57.  Drillia  incisa,  n.  s.     Two  fresh  specimens. 

08.  Drillia  cancellata,  n.  s.     One  adolescent  specimen. 

59.  Mangelia  levidensis,  n.  s.    One  fresh  specimen. 

60.  Mangelia  angulata\.     One  fresh  specimen. 

61.  Bela  excurvata,  n.  s.     (Like  Trevelyana.}     One  fresh  specimen, 

62.  Chemnitzia  (?  v.)  aurantia\.     One  fresh  specimen. 

63.  Chemnitzia  torquata\.     Two  fresh  specimens. 

64.  Chemnitzia  tridentata^.     Two  fresh  specimens. 

65.  Eulima  micans,  n.  s.    One  fresh  specimen. 

66.  Velutina  lavigata.     Several  fine  living  specimens. 

67.  Ocinebra  interfossa.     Rare,  dead. 

68.  Nitidella  Gouldift.     Two  living  specimens,  proving  the  genus. 

69.  Trophon  multicostatus.     Two  fresh  specimens. 

70.  Chrysodomm  ?tabulatus,  jun.     One  young  sp. 

71.  Chrysodomus  rectirostris,  n.  s.     One  living  sp. 

72;  73.  Two  species  of  Cephalopods,  not  yet  affiliated. 

Besides  adding  more  than  70  marine  species  to  the  Vancouver  branch  of  the 
Californian  fauna,  from  specimens  in  good  condition,  without  a  single  bal- 
last or  exotic  admixture,  the  confirmation  of  many  species,  which  before 
rested  only  on  the  uncertain  testimony  of  the  U.  S.  E.  E.  labels,  and  the 
affiliation  of  others  which,  on  the  same  testimony,  had  been  wrongly  assigned 
to  distant  and  erroneous  localities,  was  no  slight  benefit  to  science.  The 
land  and  freshwater  species  of  the  Expedition  will  be  found  tabulated,  with 
others,  in  the  separate  lists  ;  par.  115. 

103.  While  the  American,  naturalists  were  thus  actively  engaged  in  ex- 

f  These  species  were  first  found  by  CoL  Jewett  at  Sta,  Barbara.      Vide  p.  537. 

89 


604  REPORT — 18G3. 

ploring  the  regions  south  of  the  political  boundary,  similar  explorations,  on 
a  less  extensive  scale,  were  being  made  under  the  direction  of  the  British 
Government.  The  naturalist  to  the  British  North  American  Boundary  Com- 
mission, during  the  years  1858-1862,  was  J".  K.  Lord,  Esq.,  F.Z.S.  He  made  a 
very  valuable  collection  of  shells  in  Vancouver  Island  and  British  Columbia, 
the  first  series  of  which  was  presented  to  the  British  Museum.  The  new 
species  were  described  by  W.  Baird*,  Esq.,  M.D.,  F.L.S.,  in  a  paper  com- 
municated to  the  Zool.  Soc.,  and  published  in  its  '  Proceedings,'  Feb.  loth, 
1863,  pp.  66-70. — Another  series  of  shells,  from  the  same  district,  was  pre- 
sented to  the  Brit.  Mus.  by  the  Lords  of  the  Admiralty,  collected  by  Dr.  Lyall, 
of  H.  M.  Ship  *  Plumper.'  Two  new  species  from  this  collection  were  described 
by  Dr.  Baird,  in  a  separate  paper,  P.  Z.  8.,  Feb.  10th,  1863,  p.  71.  The  new 
species  from  Mr.  Lord's  collections  have  been  drawn  on  stone  by  Sowerby. 
The  figure-numbers  here  quoted  correspond  with  the  proof-copy  kindly  fur- 
nished by  Dr.  Baird. — A  third  series  was  collected  by  Dr.  Forbes,  R.N.,  in  the 
same  Expedition.  After  Mr.  Cuming  had  made  his  own  selections,  this  passed 
into  the  ordinary  London  market.  It  contained  several  species  of  peculiar 
interest.  The  following  are  the  (supposed)  new  species  of  the  Survey : — 

P.Z.S.         Plate  I. 

Page;  No.     Fig. 

66  1  1.  Chrysodomus  tabulatus,  Baird.  One  broken  specimen,  Esquimalt  Harb., 
Vancouver  Island,  Lord.  [One  perfect  shell,  Neeah  Bay,  SwnnJ] 

. .  2  2.  Vitularia  aspera,  Bd.  Several  living  specimens,  Esquimalt  Ilarb., 
Vane.  Island,  Lord.  [Belongs  to  a  group  of  grooved  muricoid  Pur- 
purids,  intermediate  between  Rhizockeilus  and  Ceroatoma,  for  which 
the  submenus  Ocinebra  may  be  reconstituted.  These  shells  are  the 
rough  form  of  Ocinebra  hi-rida,  Midd.] 

07  3  3.  Chemnitzia  Jranco>rverensis,  Bd.  \_-torqnata,  Gld.].  Esquimalt  Havb., 
Vane.  Island,  Lord.  From  the  crop  of  a  pintail  Duck.  [The 
artist  has  failed  to  represent  the  peculiar  character  of  the  species, 
•which  is,  that  the  ribs  end  above  the  periphery,  so  that  a  smooth 
belt  appears  round  the  spire  above  the  sutures.] 

..  4  4.  Amnicola  Hindsii,  Bd.  Seven  sp..  River  Kootanie  East;  nine  sp., 
Wigwam  River,  west  slope  of  Rocky  Mts.,  4626  ft,  high,  Br.  Col., 
Lord.  Resembles  Palitdma  [Fhimimcola]seminalis,  Hds. 

..  5  5.  Bullina  (  Tornatina)  eximia,  Bd.  Esquimalt  Harb.,  V.  L,  Lord.  Alive 
in  12  fin. ;  dead  in  Duck's  stomach.  [Not  JBuUina,  Add.  Gen.] 

68  6      6.  Succinea  Haivkinsii,  Bd.     Six  sp.     Lake  Osoyoos,  Brit.  Col.,  Lord. 

7  7.  Limnaa  Sttmassii^,  Bd.      Like  L.  elodes,  Say.     Plentiful.     Sumass 

Prairie,  Fraser  R.,  Brit.  Col.,  Lord.     [Extremely  like  L.  palustris.'] 

8  8.  Physa  Lordi,  Bd.     Plentiful.    Lake  Osoyoos,  British  Columbia,  Lord. 

[Larger  than  Ph.  humerosa,  Gld.,  and  with  strong  columellar  fold.] 

69  9      9.  Ancylus  Kootaniensis,  Bd.     Six  sp.,  River  Kootanie  East;    five  sp., 

River  Spokane,  British  Columbia,  Lord. 

*  It  is  due  to  the  memory  of  Dr.  Kennerley,  as  well  as  to  the  other  naturalists  con- 
nected with  the  various  American  surveys,  and  the  officers  of  the  Smiths.  Inst.,  who  so 
generously  entrusted  to  the  writer    their   unique  specimens  for   comparison  with   .the 
London  museums,  to  state,  that  (with  two  exceptions)  the  new  marine  species  of  the 
British  Survey  would  have  been  published  long  before  the  appearance  of  Dr.  Baird's 
paper,  but  for  the  derangement  of  the  U.  S.  natural-history  publications,  consequent  on 
the  secession  movement.     Although  the  Smithsonian  Inst.  had  offered  to  present  to 
the  Brit.  Mus.  their  first  series  of  duplicate  specimens  from  these  expeditious,  which 
was  exhibited  at  the  Manchester  Meeting  of.  the  Brit.  Assoc.,  where  this  Report  was 
called  for,  no  notice  was  given  to  the  writer  of  the  valuable  results  of  the  British 
survey;  and  it  was  only  through  the  private  kindness  of  Drs,  Sclater  and  Buird  that 
he  was  prevented  from  adding  to  the  list  of  &YUOI  vuis,  already,  alas!  so  numerous 
and  perplexing. 

f  These  species  are  named  after  places,  not  after  persons,  ae  would  be  supposed 
by  the  terminations.  q 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  605 

P.7.S.       Plate  II. 
P..ge.  No.      Fig. 

69  10    10.  Chione  Lordi,  Bd.     From  a  Duck's  stomach.     Plentiful.     Esquimalt 

Hark,  V.  I.,  Lord, 

,.  11  11.  SpJicerium  (Cyclas)  tumidum,  Bd.  Plentiful.  Sumass  Prairie,  Fraser 
River,  British  Columbia,  Lord. 

..  12  12,13.  Sphcerium  {Cyclas)  Spokanft,  Bd.  Two  sp.,  River  Spokane  j  two 
young  sp.,  Kootanie  River,  British  Columbia,  Lord.  [Closely  re- 
lated to  tumidum,  but  more  delicate.  ] 

70  13     14.  Lyonsia  saxicola,  Bd.    Holes  in  rocks  in  Esquimalt  Harb.,  V.  I.,  Lord. 

Japan,  teste  A.  Ad.  Closely  resembles  L.  navicula,  Ad.  and  Rve. 
[Abundant,  and  very  variable  in  outline,  sometimes  like  Saxicava 
pholadis,  sometimes  like  Mytilimeria.  Neeah  Bay,  SwanJ] 

. .  14  15.  Crassatella  EsquimaUi^,  Bd.  One  sp.  Esquimalt  Harb.,  V.  L,  Lord. 
[A  true  Astarte,  with  external  ligament,  with  one  ant.  lat.  tooth  in 
one  valve,  and  one  post.  lat.  tooth  in  the  opposite,  well  developed. 
This  character  was  noticed  by  J.  Sby.  in  constituting  the  genus, 
but  becomes  obsolete  in  the  typical  species.  The  same  peculiarity 
of  margin  is  seen  in  Crassatella.  The  external  rugae  are  singularly 
irregular,  and  not  always  continuous.! 

71  15  Leda  fossa,  Bd.     10-15  fm.  j  one  sp.      Esquimalt  Harb.,  V.  L,  Li) all. 

[=£.  foveata,  Baird,  MS.,  on  tablet.] 

71     16  Nucida  jLyallii,  Bd.    8-10  fm. ;  one  sp.    Esquimalt  Harb.,  V.  I,  Lyall. 

Resembles  N.  divaricata,  Hds.,  N.  castrensis,  Hds.,  N.  mirabilis, 
Ad.  and  Rve.,  and  especially  N.  Cobbokhee  from  the  Crag.  [In  the 
early  stage,  the  sculpture  has  several  angles,  afterwards  only  one. 
Both  Dr.  Kennerley's  and  Dr.  Lyall's  specimens  appear  to  be  = 
Acila  castrensis,  Hds.] 

The  Vancouver  Collections  having  been  deposited  in  separate  drawers, 
except  the  series  mounted  for  the  table-cases,  permission  has  been  given 
(with  the  kind  assistance  of  Dr.  Baird)  to  examine  them  minutely,  and  pre- 
pare a  revised  list  of  the  species.  The  marine  shells  will  be  found  in  the 
sixth  column  of  the  general  Vancouver  and  Californian  Table.  The  fol- 
lowing require  special  mention. 

No. 

17.  "  Teredo  Jimbriata"  teste  Jeffr.  j  out  of  block  of  wood  from  Nai-ni-mo  Harb., 

V.  I.,  Lord. 
Teredo.     Shelly  tube  of  large  sp.     Esquimalt  Harb.,  Lord. 

18.  Netastoma  Darwim'i.     Esquimalt  Harb.,  Lord.     One  adult  but  injured  speci- 

men. [For  this  singular  Pholad,  with  duck-bill  prolongations  of  the  valves, 
a  subgenus  of  Pholadidea  is  proposed,  as  its  characters  do  not  accord  with 
Jouanettia,  under  which  it  is  placed  in  the  Cumingian  Collection.] 

19.  "  Saxicava  ruf/osa."     Several  typical  specimens  ;  Esquimalt  Harb.,  Lord,  taken 

out  of  interior  of  hard  stone,  into  which  they  appear  to  have  bored. 

20.  "  Callista  ?pannosa."     Esquimalt  Harb.;  Lord.     One  young  sp.  [=sSaxidomtu 

squalidus,  jun.] 

21.  "  Tapes  riyida"     Esquimalt  Harb.,  Lord,  common.     [An  instructive  series, 

some  with  very  close  and  fine,  others  with  distant,  strong  ribs.  Some  have 
ribs  large  and  rounded,  approaching  the  sculpture  of  Cardia.  Some  change 
suddenly  from  one  form  to  another.  =  T.  staminea,  var.  PetitiiJ] 

22.  u  Cardiwn   Calif orniense,  Desh."     8-15  fm.     Vancouver  Is.,  Lyall.     [=var 

blandum.     Tablet  contains  also  young  sp.  of  C.  corbis.l 

23.  uCardita  ventricosa,  Gld."      8-15  fm.     Vane.  Is.,  Lyall.      [Not  ventricose, 

exactly  resembles  the  East  Coast  specimens  of  Ten.  borealis  dredged  by  Dr. 
Stimpson.] 

24.  "Anodonta  cognata,  Gld."     [=A.  Oreaonmsis,  Lea.]     Lake  Osoyoos,Br.  Col. 

Lord.     Twosp.     Also  Freshwater  Lake,  Nootka  Sound,  Lyatt. 
,:    Anodonta  ?Ore(/onensis,  jun.      Freshwater  Lake,  Nootka,  V.  L,  Lord;  one  sp. 

25.  Anodonta  ? Nuttalliana.     Freshwater  Lake,  Nootka,  Vane.  Is.,  Lord;  one,«p. 
Uo.  Anodonta  Wahlamatensis.    Freshwater  Lake,  Nootka,  Vane.  Is,;  L  nlj  four  ep 

91 


606  REPORT— 1863. 

No 

26.  Anodonta   ?  Wahlamatensis,  jun.      Sumass  Prairie,  Fraser  River,  Brit.  CoL, 

Lord;  one  specimen. 

27.  Anodonta  angulata.     Fort  Colville,  Columbia  R.,Zor^;  one  specimen  [irregu- 

lar  and  much  eroded.  The  hing;e-line  is  waved  and  a  false  "  tooth  "  pro- 
duced, in  consequence  of  which  it  has  been  named]  "  Alasmodon" 

28.  "  Pecten  rubidm,  Hds."   Vane.  Is.,  Lyall.    [Hinds's  type  in  Br.  Mus.  appears  the 

ordinary  form,  of  which  P.  hastatus=  hericeus  is  the  highly  sculptured  yar. 
This  shell,  which  is  more  allied  to  Islandicus,  may  stand  as  P.  Hindsii,~] 

29.  Hinnites  giganteus.     Island  3  miles  above  Cape  Mudge,  Lyall. 

30.  Ostrea  lurida.     Esquimalt  Harb.,  Lord.    Dredged-up  by  Indians  in  small  hand- 

nets  with  long  handles,  in  2-3  fm.,  on  mud-flats. 

31.  "  Placunanomia  cepio,  Gray."      Esquimalt  Harb.,    Lord.      On  island  rock, 

between  tide-marks.     [=-?•  macroschisma,  smooth,  hollow  form.] 

32.  "  Chiton  (Plati/semtts)  Wossmssenskii,  Midd.,=  C.  Ilindsii,  Rve."     Esquimalt 

Harb.,  Lord.  One  very  fine  specimen.  [Quite  distinct  from  Mopalia  Hindsii 
(Gray)  ;  differs  but  slightly  from  M.  muscosa,  Gld.] 

33.  "Chiton  ? Icevigatus"     Esquimalt  Harb.,  Lord.     One  specimen.     \_=Ischno- 

chitonfactens.  ] 

34.  "  Chiton  dentiens,  Gld.,  ?  =  marginatus."     Esquimalt  Harb.,  Lord.     Two  spe- 

cimens. [  =  Ischnochiton  psendodentiens.  Not  congeneric  with  the  British 
Leptochiton  cinereus=marginatusJ\ 

35.  Acmwa  "mitella,  Mke."     Esquimalt  Harb.,  Lord.     [Probably  A.  pelta,  jun. 

Not  sculptured,  as  is  the  tropical  species.] 

36.  "  Acmcea  ?  testudinalis,  jun."     Esquimalt  Harb.,  Lord.     One  young  sp.  [with 

extremely  close  fine  striae  ;  colour  in  festoons  of  orange-brown  pencilling  on 
white  ground.  Might  stand  well  for  A.  testudinalis,  but  probably  =  A. 
patina,  var.  pintadina.~\ 

37.  Margarita  "  costettata,  Sby."     Esquimalt  Harb.,  Lord.     [  =  3/.  pupilla,  Gld.] 

38.  Crepidula  lingulata,  Gld.     Esquimalt  Harb.,  Lord.     Three  young  sp.     [Apex 

smooth,  imbedded,  passing  into  the  acukata  type.  The  species  probably = 
C.  dorsata,  Brod.] 

39.  (t  Melania  silicufa,  Gld.,  ?  =  rudens,   Rve."     Attached  to  weeds  and  float'ng 

sticks  in  swift  stream  on  prairie,  at  Nisqually,  W.  T.,  Lord.  [  mpKeifera, 
small  var.] 

40.  Priene  Oregonensis.     Port  Neville,  6  fm.,  Lyall.     [Very  fine ;    but  opercula 

probably  misplaced.] 

41.  "  Nitidella*"  gausapata,  Gld.     Esquimalt  Harb.,  Lord.     [A  beautiful  series  of 

highly  painted  specimens.  Operculum  Nassoid,  not  Purpuroid ;  therefore 
ranks'  under  Amy  da.  ] 

42.  tl  Vitidaria  lactuca."     Vancouver's  Island,  Lyall.     [A  fine  series  of  Pur  pur  a 

crispata  and  vars.,  among  which  is  a  lilac-tinted  specimen.] 

43.  Purpura  decemcostata,  Vane.  Is.,  Lyall.    [  =  canaliculata.    Operc.  as  in  Ocinebra 

lurida.'] 

44.  "  Fusus  Orpheus  "  [Bd.,  not]  Gld.     Esquimalt  Harb.,  Lord.    Five  sp.,  with 

crabs.     [=  Ocinebra  interfossa,  very  fine.] 

45.  Trophon  Orpheus,  Gld.     Esquimalt  Harb.,  Lord.     One  fresh  specimen. 

46.  Helix  Townsendiana,  very  fine.     Sumass  Prairie,  Fraser  River,  Lord. 

46A.  "  Helix  Townsendiana,  small  var."     Fort  Colville,  Columbia  R. ;  also  sum- 
mit of  Rocky  Mts.,  Lord. 

47.  Helix  fidelis,  typical,  jun.  and  adult.     Vane.  Is.,  Lord. 

476.  Helix  fidelis.     Large  but  very  pale  var.     Sumass  Prairie,  Fraser  R.,  Lord* 

48.  "Helix  Thouarsii,  jun."     Sumass  Prairie,  Fraser  R.,  Lord. 

49.  "Helix  labiata— Columbiana,  var."    Vancouver  Is.,  Lord,  [closely  resembling 

H.  rufescens']. 

50.  "  Helix  vellicata,  Fbs."     Sumass  Prairie,  Fraser  R.,  Lord.     [=  Vancouverensis.] 
61.  Helix  [like  rotundatal.    Fort  Colville,  Columbia  R.,  Lord.    Two  specimens. 

52.  Zonites  [like  excavata\.     Fort  Colville,  Columbia  R.,  Lord.     One  specimen. 

53.  Zonites  [like  electrina].     Fort  Colville,  Columbia  R.,  Lord.     Seven  specimens. 

51.  Pupa,  sp.  ind.  jun.      Lake  Osoyoos,  British  Columbia,  Lord.     One  specimen. 

TGenus~not  found  before,  north  of  California.] 

92 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NO11TII  AMERICA.  COT 

No. 

65.  "  Succinea  rusticana,  Gld."  Sumass  Prairie,  Eraser  B.,  Lord.  [Scarcely  to  be 
distinguished  from  the  European  S.  putris.~\ 

06.  "Planorbis  corpulentus,  Say."    Lake  Osoyoos;  Syniakwateen;  Marsh,  Koo- 

tanie  East,  Brit.  Col,  Lord. 

57.  Planorbis  ?  subcrenatus,  var.     Snmass  Prairie,  Brit.  Col.,  Lord. 

58.  "  Limncea  stagnalis"  typical,  fine,  and  abundant.     Lake  Osoyoos,  Fraser  B., 

Lord. 
68.  Limncea  stagnalis^   long  narrow  spire,  mouth   swollen,  closely  fenestrated. 

Marshy  stream,  Syniakwateen,  Lord. 
CS.  "Limncea  ?desidiosa,  Say."     Lake  Osoyoos;  three  sp.,  Lord.     [Exactly  le- 

sembles  a  var.  of  the  widely  distributed  L.  cataracta,  which  was  found  in 

profusion  in  the  Madison  Lakes,  Wise.] 

60.  "Limncea  ?desidiosa,  Say."     Syniakwateen,  Brit.  Col.,  Lord.     One  sp.     [Very 

turrited,  whirls  swollen;  epidermis  finely  striated.   The  same  species  occurs 
as  "  L.  megasoma,  Say.     Lake  Osoyoos."] 

61.  (f  Physa  heterostropha,  Say."  Sumass  Prairie,  Fraser  B.     A  variety  from  Lake 

Osoyoos,  Lord. 

62.  Physa  [probably  young  of  Lordi,  but  with  orange  band  inside  labrum.]     Koo- 

tanie  R.  East,  "Brit.  Col.,  Lord.     One  sp. 

Besides  the  shells  preserved  in  the  National  Collection,  the  following 
species  were  also  brought  by  the  Expedition : — 

C3.  Terebratula  wiguiciduSj  n.  s.  Vane.  Is.,  Forbes.  One  adult  specimen,  Mus. 
Cum.  [Extremely  interesting  as  being  the  only  sculptured  species  known 
recent.  The  young  shells  from  California  were  naturally  affiliated  to 
Terebratella  caput-serpentis  by  Messrs.  Reeve  and  Ilanley ;  but  the  adult  has 
the  loop  similarly  incomplete.] 

C4.  Rhynconella  psittacsa.     Vane.  Is.,  Forbes.     One  specimen,  Mus.  Cum. 

C5.  Darina  declivis,  n.  s.  Vane.  Is.,  Forbes.  One  specimen.  [The  only  other 
species  of  Darina  is  from  the  West  Coast  of  S.  America.] 

C6.   dementia  svbdiaphana.     Vane.  Is.,  Forbes.     One  broken  sp. 

07.  Saxidomus  brevisiphonatus,  n.  s.     This  unique  shell  is  marked  "Vancouver 

Island  "  in  Mr.  Cuming's  Collection,  and  is  believed  by  him  to  have  formed 

a  part  of  Dr.  Forbes's  series.     The  shape  resembles  Ccdlista,  without  lunule. 

The  mantle-bend  is  remarkably  small  for  the  genus. 
68.  Melania,  n.  s.,  teste  Cuming.     Vane.  Is.,  Forbes.     [Two  specimens,  with  very 

fine  spiral  stria?,  sent  to  Philadelphia  for  identification.] 
C9.  Mesalia  lacteola.     Vane.  Is.,  Forbes.     One  sp.,  Mus.  Cum. 
70.  Pteropoda,  several  species,  of  which  two  are  new,  teste  Cuming  ;  but  they  may 

have  been  collected  on  the  voyage.     Forbes. 

The  collections  made  on  the  British  Survey  are  peculiarly  valuable  to  the 
student  in  consequence  of  the  great  perfection  of  the  specimens.  They  have 
generally  been  obtained  alive,  and  are  often  the  finest  known  of  their  kinds. 
The  occurrence,  however,  of  a  specimen  of  the  tropical  Orthalicus  zebra, 
marked  "  Vancouver's  Island,"  in  Mr.  Lord's  collection*,  is  a  useful  lesson. 
When  such  reliable  data  are  thus  fonnd  possessed  of  adventitious  materials, 
it  will  not  be  regarded  as  a  slight  on  the  collections  of  the  most  careful 
naturalists  when  specimens  are  regarded  as  of  doubtful  geographical  accuracy. 
In  Dr.  Lyall's  collections  there  also  occur  specimens  of  the  well-known  Patella 
MageUanica  and  Trophon  Magellanicus,  duly  marked  "  Vancouver's  Island/' 
though  no  doubt  collected  in  the  passage  round  Cape  Horn.  The  naturalists 
of  the  American  Expl.  Expeditions  generally  travelled  across  the  continent. 

104.  The  latest  exploration  undertaken  for  State  purposes  is  also  for  our 
present  object  by  far  the  most  important,  both  as  relates  to  the  number  of 

•  Mr.  Lord  writes,  "  The  fact  of  my  having  found  this  shell,  alive,  on  Vancourer 
Island  is  beyond  question.  How  it  got  "then*  I  do  not  pretend  to  say  j  it  was  very  pos- 
sibly brought  by  some  ship," 

93 


608  REPORT— 18C3. 

species  authentically  collected  and  the  thoroughly  competent  and  accurate 
manner  in  which  the  necessary  information  is  being  recorded.  It  is  no  longer 
left  to  the  great  nations  bordering  on  the  Atlantic  to  send  exploring  expe- 
ditions to  the  Pacific.  The  State  of  California,  only  born  in  1850,  has  so 
rapidly  attained  maturity  that  when  she  was  barely  ten  years  old  she  con- 
sidered science  a  necessary  part  of  her  political  constitution,  and  organized  a 
"  State  Geological  Survey,"  under  the  direction  of  Prof.  Whitney.  To  this 
survey  Dr.  J.  G.  Cooper  (whose  collections  for  the  Pacific  Railway  Explora- 
tions have  already  been  reported,  vide  pp.  597-601)  was  appointed  zoologist, 
and  Mr.  \V.  M.  Gabb  (formerly  of  Philadelphia)  paleontologist.  The  friendly 
relations  established  with  both  these  gentlemen  at  the  Smithsonian  Institu- 
tion not  only  put  them  in  possession  of  the  special  desiderata  on  the  present 
branch  of  inquiry,  but  have  resulted  in  unreserved  interchange  of  facts  and 
opinions,  by  means  of  which  a  large  instalment  of  the  malacological  results 
of  the  Survey  can  be  embodied  in  this  Report.  Dr.  Cooper  has  not  only  ex- 
plored the  whole  coast  and  the  neighbouring  islands  from  Monterey  to  San 
Diego,  but  has  dredged  extensively  from  shoal-water  to  120  fathoms,  keeping 
accurate  lists  of  all  acquisitions  from  each  locality.  Having  an  artist's 
pencil  as  well  as  a  naturalist's  eye,  he  has  drawn  the  animals  from  life,  and 
already  subjected  many  of  them  to  dissection.  The  war  has  to  some  extent 
suspended  the  operations  of  the  survey;  but  it  is  confidently  expected  that 
the  State  will  do  justice  to  herself  by  issuing,  with  suitable  illustrations, 
the  full  results  of  her  officers'  labours.  The  first  public  notice  of  the  mol- 
luscs appears  in  the  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  N.S.,  Nov.  3rd,  1862,  pp.  202-207. 
Here  Dr.  Cooper,  speaking  of  the  new  species,  writes  with  a  modesty  which 
is  not  always  credited  to  American  naturalists  by  Europeans, — "As  they 
may  have  been  collected  either  by  the  N.W.  Boundary  Survey  or  at  Cape 
St.  Lucas,  it  has  been  considered  safest,  in  order  to  avoid  confusion,  to  send 
specimens  or  drawings  of  them  to  [the  writer],  that  he  may  compare 
them  with  the  above  collections,  and  decide  whether  they  are  really  new." 
He  gives  valid  reasons,  however,  for  describing  the  following  soft  Mollusca. 
Unfortunately  for  French  and  German  naturalists,  the  diagnoses  are  in 
English  only. 

Page. 

20'2.  Strategic  (n.  g.)  imrmis,  n.  s.  More  highly  organized  than  any  other  genus 
of  Opisthobranchiata  ;  creeps  slowly  among  the  grasses  in  the  muddy  parts 
of  San  Diego  Bay,  looking  like  a  large  caterpillar.  Not  uncommon. 

203.  Pletirophyllidia  Californica,  n.  s.     Closely  resembles  P.  lineata  of  S.  Europe. 

"  From  the  distance  of  locality  there  can,  however,  be  no  identity  of 
species."  [?]  Numerous  in  Dec.,  crawling  and  bun-owing  on  sandy  flats 
in  San  Diego  Bay;  none  in  Jan.,  after  the  floods.  [Dr.  Cooper  writes  that 
the  body  of  fresh  water  was  so  great  in  some  places  as  to  kill  the  marine 
molluscs  for  a  considerable  distance  beyond  the  estuaries,  and  thus  mate- 
rially alter  the  pre-existent  fauna.] 

204.  Doris  Monterey  ensis,  n.  s.,  6-10  fm.,  adhering  to  sandstone.     Monterey  Bay, 

very  rare.     Small  specimens  in  San  Francisco  Bay,  Frick. 

204.  Doris  (Asteronotus)  sanguined,  n.  s.     Under  stones  in  San  Diego  Bay  ;  rare. 
204.  Doris  (?  Asteronotus)  alabastrina,  n.  s.    Under  stones  in  S.  Diego  Bay.    One  sp. 

204.  Doris  (?  Actinocyclus)  Sandiegensis,  n.  s.     Very  active  among  grass  on  mud- 

flats near  low- water  mark,  San  Diego  Bay ;  common  before  the  flood. 

205.  jEolis  (?  Flabdlina)  opalescens,  n.  s.    Common  among  grass  in  San  Diego  Bay. 
205.  Atolis  (?  Phidutna)  iodinea,  n.  s.     Among  algae  on  rocks  outside  San  Diego 

Bay. 

207.  Tritonia  Palmeri,  n.  s.  San  Diego,  common  "  in  same  localities  as  the  Di- 
phyttidia.  Named  after  Mr.  Edward  Palmer,  a  zealous  naturalist,  who 
assisted  me  while  at  San  Diego." 

94 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NOETH  AMERICA.  €09 

Dr.  Cooper's  second  paper  "  On  New  or  Rare  Mollusca  inhabiting  the  Coast 
of  California,"  in  the  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  N.  S.,  Aug.  17,  1863,  contains  (English) 
descriptions  of  the  following  species.  He  observes  that  "  Santa  Barbara  and 
tianta  Barbara  Island  are  very  different  in  the  groups  of  animals  inhabiting 
them,  although  the  island  is  only  thirty-five  miles  from  the  mainland. 
Catatina  Island  is  twenty-four  miles  from  the  mainland,  and  the  molluscs 
are  very  different  from  both  the  mainland  and  the  other  islands,  being  the 
richest  locality  on  our  shores." 

Page. 

57.  Aplysia  Calif ornica,  Cp. ;  for  which  is  constituted  a  subgemis,  Neaplysia ;  15 
inches  by  5*.  Three  specimens  j  San  Pedro  beach,  after  storm  j  stomach  full 
of  algae.  Fig.  14. 

68.  NacarchiWf  Cp.     Pr.  Cal.  Ac.,  Apr.  1863. 

„     Navarclms  inermis,  Cp.,=  Strategus  i.,  Cp.,  anted.     Catalina  Island,  10  fms., 

in  seaweed.     1  specimen. 
„    Doris  albopunctata,  Cp.      Santa  Barbara,  20  fm.,  rocky  bottom.      Catalina 

Island,  rocks,  1.  w. 

„    Doris  Monterey  ensis,  Cp.     Santa  Barbara  Island,  rocks,  1.  w. 
„     Doris  sanguined,  Cp.    4  sp.  with  the  last.  "  Stellate  structure  not  discovered." 
„     Doris  Sandiegensisy  Cp.     2  sp.,  with  the  last.     "  All  these  species  belong  to 

Doris,  typical." 

69.  Triopa  Catalince^,  Cp.     4  sp.,  on  algae  among  rocks,  1.  w.     Catalina  Island. 

„  Dendronotus  iris,  Cp.  Several  sp.  thrown  on  beach  by  storm,  Santa  Barbara; 
1  sp.  dredged  on  seaweed,  28  fm.  Verv  variable  in  colour.  ?  — "Dendrono- 
tus, sp.,"  aid.,  E.  E.  Moll. 

„    sEolis  fiarbarensis,  Cp.     1  sp.,  16  fm.,  rocky  bottom,  Santa  Barbara. 
CO.  Flabettina  opaleseens,  Cip.,=sEolis  o.,  Cp.,  antea.     "With  the  last:  also  shore 
of  Santa  Barbara  Island,  rare. 

„     Phidania  iodinca,  G]).,=JEolis  i.,  Cp.,  anted.     Santa  Barbara,  beach,  1  sp. 

„     Chiorcera  leonina,  Gld.     1  sp.,  in  20  fm.     Santa  Barbara. 

Sept.  7th,  1863.  Dr.  Cooper  described  a  very  interesting  new  genus  of 
Pulmonates,  only  found  at  the  head  of  one  ravine  in  Santa  Barbara  Island, 
with  "  myriads  of  Helix  Kellettii  [  =  #.  Tryoni,  v.  note  *,  p.  116],  and  two 
other  species,  probably  new."  Full  particulars  of  its  habits  are  given.  It 
has  the  mantle  of  Limax,  dentition  of  Heliddce,  and  shell  resembling  Daude- 
bardia  and  Homalony.v  \_  =  0malonyx,  D'Orb.]. 
62, 63.  Binneya  notabilis,  Cp.  3  living  and  18  dead  shells.  Fig.  15  (five  views). 

Jan.  18th,  1864.  The  remaining  land-shells  of  the  Survey  were  described 
(with  Latin  diagnoses)  by  Dr.  Newcomb,  in  a  paper  communicated  to  the 
Academy  by  Dr.  Cooper.  Specimens  of  many  of  them  will  be  found  in  the 
Cumingian  Collection. 

116.  ILlix  Tryoni,  Newc.     Santa  Barbara  and  S.  Nicholas  Islands,  abundant ; 

living.  "  =  H.  Kellettii,  Cp.,  p.  63." 

„  Helix  crebristriata,  Newc.  San  Clemente  Island  ;  abundant.  "  Closely  allied 
to  JFL  intercisa,  and  very  variable." 

117.  Helix  rufocincta,  Newc.      Catalina  Island,  asstivating  under  stones;    rare. 

S.  Diego  ;    1  dead  sp.     Outline  like  H.  Pytyonesica  :    umbilicus  open   or 
nearly  closed. 
„     Helix  Gabbii,  Newc.     San  Clemente  Isl.     1  sp.,  like  H.  facia. 

118.  Helix  facta,  Newc.     Santa  Barbara  Isl.,  very  common  •    San  Nicholas  Isl., 

rare.     Somewhat  like  H.  Rothi. 

„  Helix  Whitneyi,  Newc.  Near  Lake  Taho,  Sierra  Nevada,  6100  feet  high. 
3  sp.  under  bark,  near  stream,  with  H.  Breweri  and  H.  chersina.  Resembles 
H.  driatella. 

*  Molluscs,  as  well  as  trees,  assume  giant  proportions  in  California :  e.  g.  Schizotkcerus 
(with  siphons)  16  in.,  Amusium  8  in.,  Lunatia  (crawling)  10  in.,  Mytilus  9  in.,  &c. 
t  Vide  note  t,  p.  604. 

1863. 


610  REPORT— 1863. 

118.  Helix  Breweri,  Newc.    Near  Lake  Talio  ;  8  sp.   (Also  1  sp.  from  mountains  in 

Northern  California,  Prof.  Brewer.)     Like  H.  arborea. 

„    Helix  Duranti.  Newc.      Santa  Barbara  Isl.     "  Like  Planorbis  albus=hirsutus. 
Gld." 

Dr.  Newcomb  also  identified  the  following  species  in  the  State  Collection : — 

119.  Helix  arrosa,  Gld.     Common  near  mouth  of  S.  Francisco  Bay. 
„     Helix  arrosa,  yellow  var.     Santa  Cruz,  Rowell. 

„    Helix  ?  Calif omiensis,  Lea,  or  fNickliniana,  Lea;  var.,  Cooler. 

„    Helix  Carpenteri,  Newc.    Broken  dead  shell,  head  of  S.  Joaquin  Valley,  Galb. 

„    Helix  Columbiana,  Lea.     Near  S.  Francisco. 

„     Helix  chersina,  Say.     Very  large,  near  Lake  Taho,  Cooper. 

„    Helix  Thouarsii,  Desh.     Pt.  Cypress,  Monterey,  Cooper. 

„    Helix  exarata,  Pfr.     Mt.  Diablo,  Brewer ;  Santa  Cruz,  Rowell. 

„    Helix  fidelis,  Gray.     Humboidt  Bay  and  mountains,  lat.  42°,  Brewer.    Black 

var.,  Fnck. 

„    Helix  infumata,  Gld.     Near  Ballenas  Bay,  Rowell. 
„    Helix  Kelkttii,  Fbs.     S.  Diego,  Catalina  Isl.,  fine  var.,  Cooper. 
„    Helix  loricata,  Gld.     Near  Oakland,  Newcomb. 

„    Helix  Newberryana,  Bin.     Temescal  Mountains,  near  Los  Angeles,  Brewer. 
„     Helix  Nickliniana,  Lea.     Common  near  S.  Francisco  Bay,  Cooper. 
>y    Helix  sportella,  Gld.     Near  S.  Francisco  Bay,  Cooper. 
„    Helix  Mormonum,  Pfr.     San  Joaquin  Valley,  Gabb ;   north   to  Mt.  Shasta, 

Brewer. 
„    Helix  Traskii,  Newc.    Mountains  near  Santa  Barbara,  Brewer.    May  be  =  12. 

Thouarsii,  var. 

„    Helix  tudiculata,  Bin.     Near  S.  Diego  and  S.  Pedro,  Cooper. 
„     Helix  Vancouver ensis,  Lea.     De  Fuca,  Gabb  :  perhaps  extends  south  to  Ilum- 
•  boldtBay. 

Dr.  Palmer  sent  a  valuable  consignment  of  shells  collected  by  him  between 
San  Diego  and  S.  Pedro  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution.    Dr.  Cooper  obtained 
permission  to  send  the  first  series  of  duplicates,  duly  numbered,  for  identi- 
fication, to  the  Smithsonian  Institution.     This  invaluable  series  was  lost  in 
the  "Golden  Gate/'    The  gold  was  recovered,  and  much  of  it  stolen  ;  the  far 
more  precious  shells  remain,  unnaturally  located,  in  their  native  element — 
a  puzzle,  perhaps,  to  palaeontologists  in  some  coming  age.  Other  series,  though 
not  so  complete,  have  since  been  received  in  safety;  and  through  the  libe- 
rality of  the  Californian  Survey  and  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  as  well  as 
through  the  energy  and  kindness  of  Dr.  Cooper,  they  are  already  being  dis- 
tributed to  the  Cumingian  Collection,  the  British  Museum,  the  museums  at 
Cambridge,  Mass.,  Philadelphia,  Albany,  Montreal,  &c.,  as  well  as  to  the  col- 
lections of  working  naturalists.    The  stations  being  now  discovered,  it  is  to  be 
hoped  that  in  a  few  years  Californian  shells  will  cease  to  be  objects  of  great 
rarity  in  this  country.     At  the  request  of  Dr.  Cooper,  in  order  that  he  might 
proceed  with  other  departments  of  his  labours,  all  the  new  species  which  have 
been  seen  in  England  have  been  described  in  conjunction  with  those  from 
other  sources.    On  those  which  are  only  known  here  by  the  beautiful  drawings 
sent  by  the  collector,  it  would  be  unsafe  and  premature  to  impose  a  name. 
The  diagnoses  are  being  published  in  the  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  N.  S.,  and  should  be 
accredited  to  the  zealous  zoologist  of  the  Survey,  rather  than  to  the  mere 
artist-in- words  who  endeavours  to  represent  their  forms  to  the  reader.     It 
will  be  understood  that  the  lists  now  to  be  presented,  though  corrected  to  the 
date  of  going  to  press,  are  still  incomplete;  and  that  the  information  has  been 

96 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OP  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  611 

compiled  from  Dr.  Cooper's  letters  received  at  different  times,  without  oppor- 
tunity for  his  revision.  Should  errors,  however,  have  escaped  detection,  they 
will,  no  doubt,  be  corrected,  and  omissions  supplied,  in  the  forthcoming  Re- 
ports of  the  Survey.  The  species  either  new  to  science,  or  now  first  found  in 
the  Calif ornian  branch  of  the  fauna,  are  as  follows  : — 

No. 

1.  Defrancia  intricata.     S.  Diego,  on  Phasianella  compta,  &c.    Maz.  Cat.,  no.  13. 

2.  Terebratula  unguiculus.     Monterey  to  S.  Diego :  young  shells  in  6-20  fin. : 

not  rare. 

3.  Terebratella  ?caurina.     Catalina  Is.,  80  fin. ;  living;  rare. 

4.  Waldheimia  Grayi.     Catalina  Is.,  120  fin. 

5.  Zirphcea  crispata.     Fragments  from  S.  Diego  appear  (very  unexpectedly)  to 

belong  to  this  northern  species. 

6.  Corbula  luteola,  n.s.     S.  Pedro — S.  Diego ;  common  near  shore. 

7.  Necera  pectinata.     Santa  Barb.,  Cat.  Is.,  40-60  fm.  (Puget  Sd.,  Kennerley). 

8.  Kennerlia  bicarinata,  n.s.     Cat.  Is.,  40-60  fm. ;  rare^ 

9.  Entodesma  inflata,  Conr.,  =  diaphana,  Cpr.     Near  S.  Diego ;  1  valve  (Palmer), 

10.  Plectodon  scaber,  n.g.  and  n.s.     Cat.  Is.  j  2  similar  valves,  40-60  fm. 

11.  Macoma  inquinata.     S.  Francisco  j  rare. 

12.  Macoma  yoldiformis.     S.  Diego.    (Puget  Sound,  Kennerley.) 

13.  Macoma  indentata,  n.s.     S.  Diego. 

14.  Angidus  variegatus,  n.s.   Mont.,  Cat.  Is.,  20-60  fin. ;  rare.  (Neeah  Bay,  Swan.) 

15.  Arcopagia  lamellata.     S.  Diego.   =Maz.  Cat.,  no.  58. 

16.  (Edalia  (  Cooperella)  scintilla formis,  n.  subg.,  n.s.    S.  Diego.    Santa  Barbara  Is. 

17.  Semele  rupium.     Catalina  Is. ;  not  rare.    (Also  Galapagos.) 

18.  Semele  pulchra.     S.  Diego.    (Also  Cape  St.  Lucas,  Acapulco.) 

19.  Semele  incongrua,  n.s.     Catalina  Is.,  40-60  fin.  ;  common. 

20.  Psepnis  salmonea,  n.s.     S.  Diego,  Cat.  Is.,  30-40  fin.  j  rare. 

21.  Psephis  Lordi.     Cat.  Is.,  20-40  fm. ;  common.     (Puget  Sound,  Kennerley.) 

22.  ?Astarte  ftuctuata,  n.s.     Cat.  Is.  j  2  similar  valves  ;  40  fin.   (Very  like  the  Crag 

fossil,  A.  omaria,  jun. ;  but  Dr.  Cooper  considers  it  a  Crassatella.) 

23.  Venericardia  borealis.    Cat.  Is.,  120  fm.     The  typical,  flat  New  England  form. 

The  small  swollen  var.,=  V.  ventricosa,  Gld!,  is  also  found  at  Cat.  Is.,  in 
30-40  fm. 

24.  Miodon  prolongatus.     (Neeah  Bay,  Swan.)     Identified  from  tracing-  only. 

25.  Trapezium.     One  extremely  young  sp.= Maz.  Cat.,  no.  120  (not  like  T.  Du- 

perryi).     S.  Diego. 

26.  Chama  ?spinosa.     S.  Diego.    (One  young  valve  sent.) 

27.  Cardium  (?modestum,  var.)  centifilosum.     Cat.  Is.,  30-40  fm.     [The  differences 

between  this  and  the  Eastern  Pacific  shell  are  probably  only  varietal.] 

28.  Hemicardium  Uangidatum.     Cat.  Is.,  living  in  10-20  fm.     (Also  Acapulco, 

Panama.) 

29.  Liocardium  elatum.     S.  Diego  ;  very  large  (Maz.  Cat.,  no.  124). 

30.  Lucina  tenuisculpta.     S.  Diego,  living  in  4fm.    (Also  Puget  Sound,  Kennerley.) 

Var.,  dead  in  120  fm.,    Cat.  Is.  (approaching  L.  Mazatlanica,  Maz.  Cat., 
no.  144). 

31.  Lucina  borealis.     Cat.  Island,  120  fin.  "  =Z.  acutelirata,  Conr.,  foss.  E.  E." 

[Exactly  agrees  with  British  examples.] 

32.  Cryptodonflexuosus.    Cat.  Is.,  120  fm.     Ditto. 

33.  Kellia  suborbicidaris.     S.  Diego  ;  Cat.  Is.,  30-40  fm.     Ditto. 

34.  Kellia  (var.)  Cliironii.     S.  Diego.     (Also  Neeah  Bay,  Swan.) 

35.  Lasea  rubra.     Cat.  Is.,  shore  (typical). 

36.  Leptoh  meroeum,  n.s.     S.  Diego. 

37.  Tellimya  tumida.     S.  Diego.     (Also  Puget  Sound,  Kennerley.) 

38.  Pristes  oblongus,  n.g.,  n.s.    S.  Diego. 

39.  Crenella  decusmta.     Cat.  Is.,  10-40  fm.  j  not  rare.     (The  ordinary  British,  not 

the  New  England  form.) 

40.  Barbatia  gradata.     S.  Diego  ;  Maz.  Cat.,  no.  104. 

41.  Axinaia  intermedia.   Monterey — S.  Diego,  Cat.  Is.,  40-60  fm.    [Scarcely  differs 

from  the  South  American  shell.    It  is  the  A.  Barbarensis,  Conr.,  of  Pac.  R. 
R.  fossils,  teste  Cooper."} 
7  97 


612  REPORT  —  18G3. 

4±  Acila  casti-enns.     Cat.  Is.,  40-60  fm.    (Also  Puget  Sound,  Kennerley.) 

43.  Leda  cuneata,  teste  Hani.     Mont.  —  S.  Diego  ;  Cat.  Is.,  10-60  fm. 

44.  Leda  hamata,  n.s.    Santa  Barbara  ;  Cat.  Is.,  20-60  fm.  ;  common. 

45.  Verticordia  ornata,  D'Orb.     Santa  Barbara  j  Cat.  Is.,  20-40  fm.    [Exactly  ac- 

cords with  the  Japanese  species,  novemcostata,  teste  A.  Adams.] 

46.  Bri/ophila  setosa.     (Cape  St.  Lucas,  Xantus.)   Identified  from  tracing,  no.  980. 

47.  Lima  oriental-is  (in  Mus.  Cum.,  =  dehiscens,  Conr.,  teste  Cooper).    Mont.  —  San 

Diego  ;  Cat.  Is.,  beach  to  20  fm.  ;  common. 

48.  Limatida  subauriculata.     40-120  fm.,  Cat.  Is.  ;  not  rare  :  1  valve  in  4  fm.,  San 

Diego.     [Exactly  agrees  with  British  specimens.] 

49.  Janira  dentata.     Monterey,  S.  Diego,  beach  to  20  fm.     (Also  Cape  St.  Lucas, 


50.   Cavolina  telemus.     Cat.  Is.  ;  dead  in  30-60  fm.     (Also  Vancouver,  Lyall.) 

61.  Tornatina  carinata.     S.  Diego.     (Also  Mazatlan,  Reu/en.) 

62.  Pedipes  liratm.    S.  Diego.     (Also  Cape  St.  Lucas,  Xantus.) 

63.  Dentalium  (var.)  I-ndianorum.    Mont.  —  Cat.  Is.,  20  fm.  ;  common.    [Probably 

a  striated  var.  of  pretiosum,  which  Sowerby  doubtfully,  and  Dr.  Baird  con- 
fidently, affiliate  to  D.  entale.~\ 

54.  Dentalium  semipolitum.     S.  Diego.    (Also  La  Paz.) 

55.  Dentalium  hexagonum.     S.  Diego.    (Also  W.  Mexico.) 

56.  Acanihochites  avicula,  n.s.     Cat.  Is.,  8-20  fin.  j  rare. 

67.  Acanthnpleurajluxa,  n.s.     Cat.  Is. 

68.  Ischnochiton  veredentiens,  n.s.     Cat.  Is.,  10-20  fm. 

69.  Ischnochiton  (Lepidopleurus)  pectinatus,  n.s.     Cat.  Is.,  beach. 

60.  Ischnochiton  (Lepidopleurus)  scabricostatus,  n.s.     Cat.  Is.,  8-20  fm. 

61.  Ischnochiton  (Trachydermon)  pseudodentiens.     S.Diego.    (Also  Puget  Sound, 

Kennerley.) 

62.  Ischnochiton  (Trachydermon)  gothtcus,  n.s.     Cat.  Is.,  8-20  fm. 

63.  Leptochiton  nexus,  n.s.     Cat.  Is.,  20-80  fm. 

64.  Nacella  (?paleacea,  var.)  triangularis.     Monterey. 

65.  ?  Nacella  subspiralis.    Cat.  Is.,  10-20  fm.     [May  be  the  young  of  the  long-lost 

Patella  calyptra,  Mart.  ;  unless  that  be  a  broken  Crepidula  atiunca.~\ 

66.  Scurria  (?  var.)  funicidala.     Monterey  ;  rare. 

67.  Puncturella  cucullata.     Monterey.    (Also  Puget  Sound,  U.  S.  E.  E.) 

68.  Puncturella  Cooperi,  n.s.     Cat.  Is.,  30-120  fm.  j  not  rare. 

69.  ?Imperator  serratus,  ??n.s.   Monterey;  Cat.  Is.,  10-20  fin.    [Dr.  Cooper  thinks 

this  shell  probably  the  young  of  Pomaulax^] 

70.  ?Leptonyx  bacula,  n.s.     Cat.  Is.,  beach,  dead. 

71.  Gibbula  optabilis,  n.s.     S.  Diego. 

72.  Calliostoma  supragranosum,  n.s.     S.  Diego. 

73.  Calliostoma  gemmulatum,  n.s.     S.  Diego. 

74.  Calliostoma  splendens,  n.s.     Mont.  ;  Cat.  Is.,  6-40  fm. 

75.  Margarita  (?var.)  salmonea.     Mont.  ;  Cat.  Is.,  6-40  fm.     [Intermediate  be- 

tween undulata  and  papilla.'] 

76.  Margarita  acuticostata.     Mont.  ;  Cat.  Is.,  8-20  fm.     [Fossil,  Santa  Barbara, 

Jewett.] 

77.  Solariella  peramabilis,  ?n.s.   Cat.  Is.,  40-120  fm.  ;  living.    [Difiers  but  slightly 

from  8.  aspecta,  Japan,  A.  Ad.~] 
;   78.  Ethalia  supravallata,  n.s.,  and  ?var.  invattata.     S.  Diego. 

79.  Liotia  fenestrata,  n.s.     Cat.  Is.,  beach  to  40  fm.  ;  dead. 

80.  Liotia  acuticostata,  n.s.     Mont.  ;  Cat.  Is.,  10-20  fm. 

81.  Crepidula  excavata,  var.  jun.     Santa  Barbara  Island. 

82.  Galerus  contortus,  n.s.     Mont.  —  S.  Diego,  20-40  fm. 

83.  Jlipponyx  serratus.     Santa  Barbara  Island  ;  1  sp.     Maz.  Cat.,  no.  840. 

84.  Ctecum  crebricinctum,  n.s.     Mont.  —  S.  Diego  ;  Cat.  Is.,  8-20  fm. 

85.  Cescum    Cooperi,    n.s.      S.   Diego.        [Two   fine   species    of   the   Anellum 

group.] 

86.  Turritella  Cooperi,  ?n.s.     S.  Diego  j  Cat.  Is.  ;  common.     [May  prove  identical 

with  one  of  Conrad's  imperfectly  described  fossils  in  P.  R.  E.  E.] 

87.  Mesalia  tenuisctdpta,  n.s.     S.  Diego  j  shoal  water. 

98 


ON  MOLLTTSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  613 

Ko. 

88.  Bittium  armittatum.     S.  Diego.     [Fossil,  Santa  Barbara,  Jeivett."] 

89.  Bittium  asperum.    S.  Diego  ;  Cat.  Is.,  teach  to  40  fm.    [Fossil,  Santa  Barbara. 

Jeivett.~] 

90.  Isapis  fenestrata,  n.s.     S.  Diego.     (Also  Neeah  Bay,  Swan.) 

91.  Isapis  obtusa,  n.s.     Mont. — S.  Diego  j  Cat.  Is.,  10-20  fm. 

92.  Rissoina  interfossa,  n.s.     Mont. ;  Cat.  Is.,  8-10  fm. 

93.  Rissoa  acutehrata,  n.s.     S.  Diego  *. 

94.  Fenella  pupoidea,  n.s.     Mont.,  20  fm. ;  rare. 

i     95.  ?Amphithalamus  lacunatus,  n.s.     S.  Diego.     1  immature  specimen. 

96.  Diala  acuta,  n.s.    Mont. ;  Cat.  Is.,  beach  to  10  fin. 

97.  Diala  marmorea,  n.s.     Monterey,  S.  Diego  j  very  rare. 

98.  Styliferina  turrita,  n.s.     S.  Diego. 

99.  Jeffreysia  translucens,  n.s.     S.  Diego. 

100.  Cythna  albida,  n.s.     S.  Diego. 

101.  Trivia  Solandri.     Santa  Barbara  and  St.  Nicholas  Is. ;  common. 

102.  Obeliscus  ?variegatus.     S.  Diego.     (Also  La  Paz;  Cape  St.  Lucas.) 

103.  Chrysallida  pumila,  n.s.     S.  Diego ;  Cat.  Is. 

104.  Chrysallida  cincta,  n.s.     Sta.  Barbara  Is.  j  very  rare. 

105.  Chemnitzia  chocolata,  n.s.     S.  Diego. 

106.  Chemnitzia  (?tenuicula,  var.)  subcuspidata.     S.  Diego. 

107.  Eulima  micans,  n.s.     S.  Diego.     Cat.  Is.,  30-40  fin.     (Also  Puget  Sound, 

Kennerley.) 

108.  Eulima  compacta,  ?n.s.    S.  Diego.  [    i  Dr.  Cooper  has    not    decided  whether 

109.  Eulima  rutila,  ?n.s.     Monterey,     j     j     these  be  distinct  species. 

110.  Scalaria  bettastriata,  n.s.     Monterey. 

111.  Scalaria  subcoronata,  n.s.     Monterey. 

112.  Scalaria  crcbricostata,  n.s.     Monterey,  S.  Diego. 

113.  Scalaria  ?Cumingii.     S.  Diego. 

114.  Scalaria  ?Indianorum,  var.     S.  Diego.     [Probably  conspecific  with  the  Van- 

couver shells.] 

115.  Opalia  borealis.    Farallones  Is.     (Also  Neeah  Bay,  Swan.) 

116.  Opalia  spongiosa,  n.s.     Monterey. 

117.  Opalia  retiporosa,  n.s.     Cat.  Is.,'  rare  and  dead  in  40  fm. 

118.  Cerithiopsis  columna,  n.s.     Monterey. 

119.  Cerithiopsis  assimilata.     Cat.  Is.  =  Maz.  Cat.,  no.  563. 

120.  Triforis  ?adversa.     Cat.  Is.,  10-40  fm.,  very  rare.     [The  specimens  sent  can- 

not be  distinguished  from  the  Herm  shells.] 

121.  Priene  Oreaonensis.     "Comes  south  to  Monterey/' 

122.  Nassa  insculpta}  n.s.     Cat.  Is.,  living  in  40  fm.,  rare. 

123.  Amycla  undata,  n.s.     Cat.  Is.,  not  rare  in  40  fin. 

124.  Amycla  chrysalloidea,  n.s.     S.  Diego,  shoal  water. 

125.  Anachis  suUurrita,  n.s.     S.  Diego. 

126.  Trophon  triangulatus,  Pn.s.      Cat.  Is.,  60  fm.      [Resembles  the   young  oi? 

Murtx  centrifugusJ] 

127.  Argonauta  argo.    "  Hundreds  on  beach  at  Sta.  Cruz  Is." 

128.  Octopus  punctatus,  Gabb.     San  Clemente  Is. 

129.  Onychoteuthis  fusiformisy  Gabb.     San  Clemente  Is. 

130.  Ommastrephes  gic/anteus,  D'Orb.     San  Clemente  Is. 

131.  Ommastrephes  Ayresii,  Gabb.     San  Clemente  Is.     "Hundreds  on  the  beach.'1' 

Besides  the  above,  several  species  are  now  satisfactorily  assigned  to  the  fauna, 
the  evidence  for  which  was  before  considered  doubtful.    Such  are — 

132.  Waldheimia  Calif orniccij  Koch  [non  a,uct.,=globosa,  Patagonia].     120  fm. 

Catalina  Is. 

133.  Clidiophora  punctata.     S.  Diego  to  Sta.  Cruz ;  valves  common,  but  rare  living. 

134.  135.  Standella  Calif ornica,  planulata,  et  ?nasuta.     Conrad's  types  being  lost, 

and  his  species  imperfectly  described  from  very  young  specimens,  a  difficulty 

*  Most  of  the  minute  shells  from  S.  Diego,  quoted  without  station,  were  found  in  the 
ehell-washings  of  the  consignments  from  Dr.  Cooper  and  Dr.  Palmer. 

99 


614  IIEPORT— 1863. 

B» 

attends  their  identification.  Dr.  Cooper  found  very  large  valves  (resembBriff 
Schizothcerits)  in  abundance,  but  much  deformed  by  the  entrance  of  sand,  and 
apparently  killed  by  the  fresh  waters  of  the  great  flood.  The  large  shells 
belong  to  two  very  distinct  species,  which  are  probably  those  of  Conrad ; 
among  the  small  shells  is  perhaps  a  third,  which  may  be  Dr.  Gould's  sup- 
pressed nasitta. 

136.  Raeta  undulata.     This  remarkable  reverse  of  the  Atlantic  R.  canaliculata  is 

also  confirmed  by  rare  valves  from  the  S.  Diegan  district.  It  is  not  con- 
generic with  Harvella  elegans,  to  which  it  bears  but  a  slight  external  resem- 
blance. 

137.  lapes  tenerrima.     Large  dead  valves  of  this  very  distinct  species  were  found 

with  the  Standellce,  and  confirm  Col.  Jewett's  young  shells  described  as  from 
Panama. 

138.  Pecten  paucicostatus.     Sta.  Barbara  Is.     [Described  from  Col.  Jewett's  valves.] 

139.  Bulla  Quoyii.     S.  Diego.     Maz.  Cat.  no.  226. 

140.  Tnmcatella  Californica.     S.  Diego. 

141.  Acmfea  rosacea.     Monterey  to  S.  Diego.     This  shell  is  named  pileolus,  Midd., 

in  Mus.  Cuming,  but  does  not  agree  with  the  diagnosis.  It  can  hardly  be 
distinguished  from  Herm  specimens  of  A.  virginea.  It  was  first  brought  by 
Col.  Jewett,  but  referred  to  Panama. 

142.  Ampliithalamus  inclusus.     S.  Diego.     [Several  specimens  of  this  minute  but 

remarkable  new  genus  confirm  a  solitary  shell  in  Col.  Jewett's  mixed 
collections.] 

143.  Myurella  simplex.     Very  variable  in  sculpture,  as  befits  the  species  which 

forms  the  northern  limit  of  a  group  common  between  the  tropics.  Col. 
Jewett's  shell  was  in  poor  condition,  and  supposed  to  be  the  young  of  a 
Gulf  species. 

144.  Voharina  varia.    S.  Diego,  Cat.  Is.    [Sta.  Barbara,  Jewett ;  also  C.  S.  Lucas.] 

145.  Nassa  Coopcri,  Fbs.     S.  Diego,  Cat.  Is.     [This  Kellettian  shell  has  a  double 

right  to  its  name,  now  that  Dr.  Cooper  has  ascertained  its  habitat.] 

The  information  on  station,  &c.,  which  Dr.  Cooper  has  sent  with  regard  to 
previously  known  species,  will  be  found  incorporated  in  the  general  table  of 
the  fauna.  The  following  notes,  extracted  from  his  letters,  are  too  valuable 
to  be  omitted  : — 

Haliotis  Cahforniensis.  "  This  form  is  so  rare  that  I  think  it  only  a  var.  of 
Cracherodii" 

Haliotis.  Several  specimens  from  the  Farallones  present  characters  inter- 
mediate between  corrugata,  rufescens,  and  Kamtschatkana.  It  is  not  yet 
ascertained  whether  they  are  hybrids  or  a  distinct  species. 

"  Livona  picoides  I  have  not  found,  though  I  have  seen  fresh  ones  from  Pt. 
Conception." 

" ?Serpulorbis  squamigerus.  Common  south  of  Pt.  Conception;  has  no 
operculum."  [The  young  begins  like  V.  artettum,  Mb'rch.] 

Macron  lividm.  Point  Loma,  S.  Pedro,  common ;  extends  northwards  to  the 
Farallones.  [  =  Planaxis  niaritella,  Newcomb,  MB.;  non  auct.] 

tl  Olivella  semistriata,  Gray,  fide  Newc.,  is  a  species  found  N.  of  Monterey  onlv." 
[As  Dr.  Gray's  species  is  from  Panama,  that  of  Newcomb  is  probably 
O  bcetica.'] 

"Nassa  interstriata,  Conr.,  foss.  (?=  N.  paupera,  Gld.)  ;  resembles  N.  fossata, 
Gld.  (=J3.  ekgans,  Rve.*),  but  distinct.  Common  south  from  Sta.  Barbara." 
[Probably  —N.  perpinguis,  Hds.  N.  paupera  is  quite  distinct,  =  N.  striata, 
C.  B.  Ad.,  teste  Cuming.] 

t{  Fissurella  wolacea  I  have  seen  from  Catalina  Is."  [Esch.'s  shell  is  generally 
considered  S.  American.  ?  May  Dr.  Cooper's  be  a  form  of  volcano. .] 

Acmcea.  With  regard  to  limpets  and  other  variable  shells,  Dr.  C.  writes  :— 
a  From  my  examination  of  large  numbers  of  specimens,  I  am  more  and 
more  compelled  to  believe  that  hybrids  are  very  frequent  between  allied 

*  2iassa  elegan*  was  first  published,  by  J.  Sowerby,  in  the  Min.  Conch.  1824. 

100 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  615 

species,  and  that  the  comparatively  few  links  that  are  met-with  in  large 
series  of  two  forms  should  not  be  allowed  to  unite  them,  hut  be  considered 
as  hybrids." 

Lunatia  Lewisii.  Abundant  on  beach.  [One  sp.  measures  5f  in.,  and  the 
animal  of  a  much  smaller  one  (4  in.)  is  11  inches  long.] 

Ostrea.  "  The  same  species  throughout  to  S.  Franc. :  S.  Diego,"  Cooper.  [Be- 
sides the  typical  northern  shell,  O.  lurida,  are  well-marked  Pvars.  laticaudataj 
rufoides,  and  expansa.~] 

There  are  also  several  species  which  are  quoted  in  Dr.  Cooper's  letters,  or 
appear  from  his  sketches  to  be  quite  distinct,  or  at  least  new  to  the  fauna : 
but  they  have  not  yet  been  sent  for  identification.  Among  these  the  following 
are  the  most  important.  The  MS.  numbers  refer  to  the  tracings  which  Dr. 
Cooper  kindly  copied  from  his  original  drawings.  Where  a  "  — "  appears, 
the  information  is  derived  from  his  letters  only. 

MS.  No. 
402.  Allied  to  ?Thracia. 

—  Cyathodonta,  probably  plicata,  Desh.  (Cape  St.  Lucas,  Xantus). 

6200.  Figure  accords  exactly  with  Venus  toreuma,  Gld.     Catalina  Is.,  beach. 
1058.  Figure  accords  with  Lioconcha  hieroqtyphica.     Catalina  Is.,  120  fin. 
1060.  Resembles  Sunapta.     Catalina  Is.,  40  fin. 

676.  Resembles  Crassatella  Pacifica. 

874.  Lucina. 

983.  Nucula,  with  concentric  sculpture.     Sta.  Barbara,  15  fm. 

—  Yoldia.     One  fresh  valve  of  a  large  and  remarkable  species,  2-6  by  1-2  in,, 

with  fine  concentric  sculpture,  very  inequilateral.     Sta.  Cruz  ;  on  beach. 
751a.  ?Ianthina. 
1077,  1078.  Chitonidee.     Two  highly  sculptured  species.     Sta.  Barbara,  12  fm. 

—  ?Gadinia.  Cat.  Is.,  Cooper;  Farallone,  Is.,  Rowdl.      "The  animal  differs  in 

having  pectinated  flattened  tentacles.     It  may  be  the  type  of  a  new  o-enus 

Rowellia." 

466.  Emarginula.    [The  first  appearance  of  the  genus  on  the  W.  American  coast.] 
415«5.   Glyphis. 

354«.  Like  Haplocochleas.     Sta.  Barbara,  15  fin. 
564.  Like  Pyrgola.     40  fm. 

—  Trivia  sanguined.     Dredged  dead  in  Cat.  Is. 

—  Trivia.    "  Thinner  and  larger  than  sanguinea.   Common  in  Lower  Cal."    [?=s 

Pacifica.'} 

—  "  Terebra  specillata"     One  sp.  near  S.  Pedro. 

—  Pleurotomidce.     Several  species  are  represented  only  by  single  specimens. 

Among  them  are 

588.  Drillia. 

1021.  Drillia,  2  in.  long,  shaped  like  Mitra.    One  worn  sp.    Catalina  Is..  120  fin, 
1020.  Drillia,  reversed.     Catalina  Is.,  60  fm.,  living. 

479rt.   Clathuretta  (large).     Sta.  Barb..  20  fm. 

663.  Clathuretta,  15  fm.,  Sta.  Barb. 
1852.  ?Clathurella,  40  fm. 
1053.  ?Daphnella,6()fm. 

419, 426.  Two  species  of  shells  resembling  Daphnella. 
1055.  ?£ela,  80  fm. 

423a.  Mangelia,  15  fm.,  Sta.  Barb. 

3976.  Shape  of  Cithara,  without  ribs.     Catalina  Is.,  beach. 

1028.  "?Aclis,"  reversed.     One  sp.,  Cat.  Is.,  120  fm.     [The  figure  more  resembles 
a  young  Vermetid.  J 

463.  "  Cancdlaria  ?  Tritonice,  Sby.     Agrees  with  Dr.  Newcomb's  specimen."     g. 
Diego,  one  dead  on  beach,  2£  in.  long. 

817.  Cancdlaria.    Fragment  of  a  second  species  equally  large. 
1038.  Sigaretus.     40  fm.,  dead,  Cat.  Is. 
1050.  Lamellaria.     10  fm.,  Sta.  Barbara. 
(385a;  464,  818.)  Naticida.    3  sp. 

101 


616  REPORT— 1863. 

676.  Possibly  a  scaly  var.  of  Monoceros  engonatum ;  like  the  Purpura,  var.  inibri* 

cata,  of  Europe,  but  of  different  colour  and  texture  ;  ^  —  spiratum,  Blainv. 
1001.  Figure  resembles  Vexittafuscolincata,  Pse.     Sandwich  Is. 
«  Aassa,  smooth,  with  thick  lip."     Cat.  Is.,  30  fin.     [Comp.  insculpta."] 

—  ?  Macron  Kellettn.     Cat.  Is.,  dead,  in  60  fin. 

—  Chrysodomus  Habulatus.     Cat.  Is.,  120  fin.,  young,  dead. 

—  Fusus,  "  like  geniculus,  Conr."     Farallones  Is. 
411.  Trophon,  like  multicostatus. 

6156.  Muricidea.  Cat.  Is.,  40  fm.  [The  young  shells  called  Trophon,  TypJiis, 
&c.,  by  Dr.  Cooper  can  scarcely  be  identified  without  a  series,  and  from 
tracings  only.] 

515rf.  ?Typhis.     Sta.lBarb.,  15  fm. 

520.  Pteronotus  centrifugus,  jun.     S.  Pedro  ;  rare  on  beach. 

3846.  Muricidea,  like  alveata.     Mont.— S.  Diego. 

956.  ?Siphonalia.     Monterey,  Sta.  Barb.,  beach. 

In  Prof.  Whitney's  Preliminary  Report  on  the  Survey,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  p.  27, 
3Iay  4th,  1863,  he  states  approximately  as  the  result  of  Dr.  Cooper's  mala- 
cological  labours,  up  to  the  close  of  1862 : — 

No.  of  species  in  the  collection 335 

Of  which  are  new  to  California,  and  believed  to  be  undescribed 123 

Other  supposed  Californian  species  not  yet  collected 65 

In  a  Survey  conducted  with  such  care,  even  negative  evidence  is  of  some 
importance,  though  not  conclusive.  Dr.  Cooper  has  not  been  able  to  obtain 
the  following  species : — 

Discina  Evansii. 

Strigilla  carnaria.     [Mr.  Nuttall's  specimens  were  probably  Atlantic.] 

Venus  dispar. 

Trapezium  Califomicum.     [  —  Duperryi,—  Gumiacum.~\ 

Lucina  bella.     [Perhaps  —pectinata,  Cpr. ;  but  the  type  seems  lost.] 

Modiola  miens.     [Probably  an  error  in  the  Cumingian  label.] 

Mytilus  glomeratus,  u  =  edtdis,  var."     [Perhaps  an  accidental  var.  from  being 

crowded  on  a  floating  stick.] 

Earbatia  pernoides.     [Very  probably  an  error  in  Dr.  Gould's  label.] 
Area  multicostata.     "  Must  have  been  brought  to  S.  Diego." 
Pecten  purpuratus.      [Ascribed  to  the  fauna  from  abundant  valves  marked 

"  Cal."  in  the  U.  S.  E.  E.  collections,  but  certainly  from  S.  America.     Dr. 

Cooper  has  unfortunately  not  been  able  to  discover  any  of  the  species 

described  by  Hds.] 

Radius  variabilis.     "  Doubtless  exotic." 
Polinices  perspicua.     "  Probably  Mexican." 
Eanetta  triquetra.     "  Probably  Mexican."     [Guaymas.] 

105.  Having  now  presented  to  the  student  an  analysis  of  all  that  is  yet 
known  of  the  results  of  public  surveys,  it  remains  that  we  tabulate  what  has 
been  accomplished  by  private  enterprise.  Mr.  J.  Xantus,  a  Hungarian  gen- 
tleman in  the  employ  of  the  United  States  Coast  Survey  under  the  able 
direction  of  Professor  Bache,  was  stationed  for  eighteen  months,  ending  July 
1861,  at  Cape  St.  Lucas,  the  southern  point  of  the  peninsula  of  California. 
It  is  a  source  of  great  benefit  to  natural  science  that  the  Secretary  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institution  is  also  one  of  the  acting  members  of  the  Coast  Survey 
Board ;  and  that  a  harmony  of  operations  has  always  existed  between  the 
directors  of  these  two  scientific  agencies  in  Washington.  The  publications 
of  the  Coast  Survey  have  earned  for  themselves  a  reputation  not  surpassed  by 
those  of  the  oldest  and  wealthiest  maritime  nations.  For  obtaining  data  on 
geographical  distribution,  Cape  St.  Lucas  was  a  peculiarly  valuable  station, 
being  situated  near  the  supposed  meeting-point  of  the  two  faunas  (v.  B.A. 

102 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  617 

Rep. p.  350);  and  also,  not  being  a  place  of  trade,  or  even  an  inhabited  district, 
likely  to  be  free  from  human  importations,  although  we  should  be  prepared 
to  find  dead  exotics  thrown  on  its  shores  both  by  northern  and  by  tropical 
currents.  In  his  solitary  and  what  would  otherwise  have  been  monotonous 
life,.  Mr*  Xantus  found  full  employment  in  assiduously  collecting  specimens 
in  all  available  departments  of  natural  history ;  having  received  ample  in- 
structions, and  the  needful  apparatus,  from  the  Smithsonian  Institution. 
The  bulk  of  the  shells  at  first  received  from  him  were  worn  beach  speci- 
mens ;  but  afterwards  several  species  were  preserved,  with  the  animals,  in 
alcohol.  Mr.  Xantus  generously  presented  the^first  series  of  the  molluscs  to  the 
Smithsonian  Museum,  reserving  the  second  for  his  native  land.  The  first 
available  duplicates  of  the  shells  not  occurring  in  the  Reigen  collection  will 
be  found  in  the  British  Museum  or  in  the  Cumingian  cabinets*.  Although  the 
whole  series  would  have  found  little  favour  in  the  eyes  of  a  London  dealer  or 
a  drawing-room  collector,  it  proved  a  very  interesting  commentary  on  the 
Reigen  and  Adams  Catalogues :  it  added  about  sixty  new  forms  to  the  accu- 
rately located  species  of  the  marine  fauna,  besides  confirming  many  others, 
which  rested  previously  on  doubtful  evidence ;  and  disproved  the  intermixture 
of  northern  species,  which,  from  the  map  alone,  had  before  been  considered 
probable. 

The  collection  is  not  only  essentially  tropical,  but  contains  a  larger  propor- 
tion of  Central  American  and  Panama  species  than  are  found  in  the  Reigea 
Catalogue.  This  may  partly  be  due  to  the  accidents  of  station,  and  partly  to 
this  projecting  southern  peninsula  striking  the  equatorial  currents.  It  must 
also  be  remembered  that  the  Reigen  Catalogue  embraces  only  the  Liverpool 
division  of  his  collection ;  and  that  many  more  species  may  have  existed  in. 
that  portion  of  the  Havre  series  which  did  not  find  its  way  to  the  London 
markets.  Mr.  Xantus  also  obtained  individuals  of  identical  species  from 
Margarita  Island,  and  a  series  containing  living  specimens  of  Purpura  piano- 
spira  (only  thrown  up  dead  on  the  promontory),  from  Socorro  Island,  one  of 
the  Revilla-gigedo  group.  A  very  few  specimens  of  Haliotis  and  of  Pacific 
shells  may  have  been  given  to  him  by  sailors  or  residents :  they  were  not 
distinguished  from  his  own  series  in  opening  the  packages.  The  collection  is 
not  yet  complete.  In  consequence  of  the  French  occupation  of  Mexico,  it 
was  with  difficulty  that  Mr.  Xantus  himself  "  ran  the  blockade"  at  Manza- 
nello  ;  and  he  was  compelled  to  leave  there  thirty-one  boxes  of  shells,  alco- 
holics, &c.,  subject  to  the  risks  of  war. 

The  Polyzoa  were  placed  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  G.  Busk  for  examination, 
and  the  alcoholics  were  intrusted  to  Dr.  Alcock,  the  Curator  of  the  Manches- 
ter Natural  History  Society.  Neither  of  these  gentlemen  have  as  yet  been 

*  During  the  period  that  Mr.  Xantus  was  out  of  employment,  owing  to  the  derange- 
ments of  the  war,  a  portion  of  the  duplicates  were  offered  for  sale,  and  will  be  found  in 
some  of  the  principal  collections. 

103 


S18  REPORT— 1863. 

able  to  report  concerning  them.  The  first  notice  of  the  shells  appeals  in  the 
Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Philadelphia,  Dec.  1859,  pp.  331,  332.  The  new  species 
are  described  in  the  *  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Nat.  Hist./  1864,  vois.  xiii.  and 
xiv.,  as  follows  : — 

A.N.H.  Vol.  XIII. 
Sp.   Page. 

1.  311.    Asthenotharus  villosior,  n.g.     1  living  sp.  and  fragm. 

2.  „       Sokmya  valwdus.     1  living  sp. 

3.  „        Tellina  (Peron&oderma)  ochracea.     1  sp. 

4.  312.     Psammobia  (?  Amphichcena)  regularis.     Valves. 

5.  „        Callista poUicaris.     1  sp.,  living  (=  C.  prora,  var.,  teste  Eve.,  C.  I.  f.  45). 

6.  „        Callista  (?pannosa,  var.)  pitella.      Extremely  abundant,  living.     Also 

Acapulco,  Jeicett.      (Very  variable,  yet  always   differing  from  the 
typical  South  American  shells.) 

7.  313.     Liocardium  apicinum.   Extremely  abundant,  living.   Also  La  Paz  j  Aca- 

pulco, Jeivett. 

8.  „       Lucina  lingualis.     Extremely  abundant,  valves. 

9.  „        ?  Crenella  inflata.  Valves ;  very  rare.   (An  aberrant  form.)  Also  Panama, 

as.  Ad. 

10.  314.    Bryophila  setosa,  n.g.     Abundant ;  living  among  sea- weed,  on  Purpura 

planospira.     Also  California,  Cooper. 

11.  „        ?Atys  casta.     Rare  :  allied  to  Cylichna. 

12.  „        Ischnochiton  parallelus.     Rare ;  living. 

13.  „       Ischnochiton  (?var.)  prasinatus.     1  living  sp.     Possibly  a  form  of  paral- 

lel™. 

14.  315.     Ischnochiton  serratus.     1  living  sp.,  like  Eknensis. 

15.  474.     Nacetta peltoides,  =  Nacella,  sp.  ind.,  Maz.  Cat.,  no.  262. 

16.  „       AcmcBa  (?var.)  atrata.      Intermediate  between  P.  discors,  Phil.,  and  P, 

floccata,  Rve.     Also  La  Paz,  Margarita  Bay. 

17.  „       Acm&a  strigillata.     Intermediate  in  characters   and   station  between 

A,  patina  and  A.  mesokuca.     Also  Margarita  Bay. 

18.  475.     Glyphis  saturnalis.     Not  uncommon  ;  living. 

19.  „        Eitcosmia  variegata.    (Probably  a  subgenus  of  Fhasiauella.)  Rare,  dead. 

20.  „        Eucosmia  (?variegata,  var.)  substriata.     Very  rare. 

21.  ,,        Eucosmia  punctata.     1  sp. 

22.  476.     Eucosmia  cyclostoma.     1  sp. 

23.  „  Hapkcochliascyclophoreus,ii.g.  (PRelated  to  Ethalia. )  Very  rare,  dead. 

24.  „  Narica  aperta.     1  sp. 

25.  ,,  Fossarus  parcipictus.     3  sp. 
2^>.  477.  Fossarm  purus.     1  sp. 

27.  „        Litorina  puUata,=  Litorina,  sp.  ind.,  Maz.  Cat.,  no.  399.     Abundant. 

28.  „       Litorina  (Philippii,  var.)  penicittata.    Like  the  W.  Indian  L.  (ziczac,  var.) 

lineata.    Abundant. 

29.  „        Rissoa  albolirata.     1  sp. 

30.  „        Fenella  crystattina.     1  sp. 

31.  478.     ?Hydrobia  compacta.     May  be  a  JBarleeia.     1  sp. 

32.  „       Hyala  rotundata.     1  sp. 

33.  „        ?I)iala  ekctrina.     1  sp. 

34.  „       Acirsa  [teste  A.  Ad.]  menesthoides.     1  sp. 

35.  „        Cythna  asteriaphila.     Imbedded  in  a  star-fish,  like  Stylina.    1  living  sp. 

36.  „       Bittium  nitens.     1  sp. 
Vol.  XIV. 

37.  45      Mangelia  mbdiaphana.     1  sp. 
od.       46     Drillia  appressa.     1  sp. 

SO.      „        Cithara  fusconotata.     very  rare. 

40.  „        Obeliscus  variegatus.    2  worn  sp.     Described  from   a  fresh  Guaymas 

shell,  Mus.  Cal.  Ac. 

41.  „        (Odostomid)  Evalea  aquisculpta.     1  sp. 

42.  47.     (Odostomia)  Evaka  delicatnla.     lap. 

43.  ,,       Chrysallida  angusta.    1  sp. 

104 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  (>V  NORTH  AMERICA. 


610 


A.  K  H.  Vol.  XIV. 
Sp.   Page. 

44.  47.     Eulima  fuscostrigata.     1  sp. 

45.  „       Opalia  crenatoides.     1  perfect  and  a  few  rubbed  specimens.     This,  and 

the  Santa  Barbara  fossil,  O.  ?var.  iwctdpta,  are  so  close  to  the  Por- 
tuguese O.  crenata,  that  additional  specimens  may  connect  them. 

46.  „       Truncaria  eurytoides.     Common;   rubbed.     Also   Guacomayo,  in  the 

Smithsonian  Museum. 

47.  48.     Sistrum  (?ochrostoma,  var.)  rufonotatum  \  connected  with  type  by  a  few 

intermediate  specimens.     Rare  ;  dead. 

48.  „       ?Nitidella  milkpunctata.    Also  Guacomayo,  Mus.  Smiths.  Very  rare, dead. 

49.  „       Nitidella  densilineata.     Very  rare ;  dead. 

50.  „       ?Anachis  tincta.     1  sp. 

51.  49.     Anachts  fuscostrigata,  1  sp. 

52.  „       Pisania  elata.     A  few  worn  specimens ;  like  Peristernia,  without  plait. 

The  following  table  contains  the  species  previously  described,  with  the  ad- 
dition of  the  other  localities  in  which  they  are  known  to  occur.  The  numbers 
in  the  first  column  are  those  in  Prof.  C.  B.  Adams's  Panama  Catalogue :  a 
P  in  the  same  column  signifies  that  the  species  has  been  found  at  Panama 
by  other  collectors.  The  second  column  contains  the  shells  of  La  Paz,  col- 
lected by  Major  Eich  and  others,  and  are  marked  by  an  italic  P.  In  the 
third  column,  A  shows  that  the  shell  has  been  found  at  Acapulco,  on  good 
authority ;  and  C,  that  it  is  known  at  other  stations  on  the  Central  American 
coast.  The  fourth  column  exhibits  the  corresponding  numbers  of  the  species 
in  the  B.  M.  Reigen  Catalogue;  and  G  shows  that  the  shell  has  been  found 
in  the  Gulf  district  by  other  collectors.  In  the  fifth  column,  Cal.  stands 
for  Upper,  and  L  for  Lower  California ;  Marg.  for  Margarita  Bay,  Gal.  for 
the  Galapagos,  E  for  Ecuador  and  the  tropical  shores  of  S.  America,  and  WI 
for  the  West  Indies.  The  sixth  column  continues  the  numbering  of  the 
species  from  the  list  in  the  '  Annals.' 


Pan. 

Cat. 

La 
Paz. 

Aca- 
pul. 

Maz. 
Cat 

Other 
habitats. 

No. 

List  of  Cape  St.  Lucas  Shells. 

517 

A 

14 

E 

53 

Discina  Cumingii.     On  Margaritiphora. 

P 

22 

E 

54 

Gastrochcena  ovata.     In  Spondylus. 

A 

23 

Marg. 

55 

Saxicava  pholadis.     In  Spondylus. 

56 

JEucharis,  sp.  ind.     1  dead  valve,  resembling  W. 

Indian  species. 

P 

35 

57 

Sphcenia  fragilis.    In  Spondylus, 

G 

58 

Tkracia  squamosa.     1  broken  pair. 

P 

L 

59 

Thracia     (Cyatliodonta)     phcata     ("PsstfrwwcaMt, 

Migh.").     1  sp.,  jun. 

P 

G 

60 

Lyomia  inftata.     1  sp. 

36 

E 

61 

Lyonsia  picta.     1  valve. 

463 

P 

C 

55 

62 

Tellina  Cumingii.     1  pair. 

469 

A 

E 

63 

Tettina  rubescens  [  =  Hanleyi].     Smashed  valre. 

472 

64 

Strigilla  smcera.     1  valve. 

A 

67 

65 

Strigilla  lenticula.     Valves. 

P 

66 

Lutricola  viridotincta.     2  valves. 

485 

41 

67 

Semele  bicolor.     Valves. 

G 

Marg. 

68 

Semele  Californica,  var.     Valves. 

40 

L 

69 

Semele  flavescens.     Rare. 

480 
473 

P 

A 
A 

43 

E 
WI 

70 
71 

Cumingia  trigonularis,  jun.     In  Spondylus. 
Heterodonax  bimaculatus.    Abundant  ;  normal,  and 

numerous  vars. 

105 


620 


BEPORT— 1863. 


Pan. 

Cat. 

La  |Aca- 
Paz.j  pul. 

Maz. 
Cat 

Other 
habitats. 

No. 

List  of  Cape  St.  Luca»  Shell?. 

A 

756 

(Mar.) 

72 

Donax,  var.  ceelatus.     Valves. 

76 

73 

Donax  ?Cotiradi,  jun. 

456 

C 

77 

L 

74 

Donax  ?navicula,  jun. 

493 

P 

C 

80 

75 

Mulinia  angidata.     Valves. 

P 

79 

WI 

76 

Standella  fragilis.      1   sp.   living,  and  numerous 

adult  valves. 

446 

P 

C 

83 

E 

77 

Trigona  radiata,  jun. 

78 

Trigona  nitidula,  Sby.      Several  living;  sp.  agree 

exactly  with   Sby.'s  figure.      [Perhaps  Lam.'s 

Mediterranean  shell  is  different.] 

448 

C 

90 

E 

79 

Dosinia  Durikeri.     Rare. 

P 

88 

KMar. 

80 

Dosinia  ponder  osa.     Several  pairs  [jun.  =  distorts]. 

444 

A 

92 

81 

CaUista  aurantia. 

447 

P 

A 

93 

E.Mar. 

82 

Callista  chioncea. 

C 

96 

Marg. 

83 

CaUista  vidnerata.     Living,  and  dead  valves. 

98 

E 

84 

Callista  (?var.)  alternate.     1  living. 

L 

85 

Amiatitis  callosa.     Rare,  living  [=  C.  wo6i7*s,Rve.]. 

P 

G 

L.Mar. 

86 

Chione  mccincte.     Very  rare. 

P 

C 

E 

87 

Chione  pulicaria,  var.  Ulacina.     Valves,  abundant. 

P 

A 

E 

88 

Chione  neglecta.     Living  and  valves. 

106 

886 

Chione  undatcUa  -\-\QI.  bilineata,  Rve.  (pars).  Very 

rare.     [Probablv  =  ncalecta,  var.] 

435 

P 

C 

113 

E 

89 

A-iomalocardia  subimbriccta.     Valves. 

111 

90 

Tapes  squamosa.     1  sp. 

P 

A 

24 

E 

91 

Petricola  robusta.     In  Spondylus. 

27 

92 

Rupellaria  linguafelis. 

117 

E 

93 

Crassatella  varians.    Living.    Large  and  abundant. 

492 

C 

E 

94 

CrassateUa  oibbosa.     Valves. 

P 

118 

95 

Lazaria  Californica.     Very  rare. 

C 

96 

Venencardia  crassa.     1  valve. 

405 

C 

1216 

97 

Chama  Buddiana,  jun.     On  syenitic  rock. 

407 

A 

121 

E 

98 

Chama  echinata,  Brod.     Living,  from  Socorro  Is. 

P 

C 

121 

Marg. 

986 

Chama  frotidosa,  var. 

123 

L 

99 

Chama  ?exof/yra.     Worn  valves. 

P 

A 

122 

Gal. 

100 

Chama  spinosa.     1  sp. 

433 

P 

A 
C 

125 

E 
E.Mar. 

101 
102 

Cardium  consors.  Valves.  (Very  fine  at  Acapulco.) 
Cardium  procerum.     Valves. 

4:34 

126 

E 

103 

Cardium  senticosum.     Valves. 

P 

P 

A 

L 

104 

Hemicardium  biangulatum.     Valves. 

P 

C 

136 

WI 

105 

Codakia  tigerrina.     Living,  very  large,  and  young 

valves.  '  [Of  the  Pacific  Is.  type.] 

P 
P 

P 

A 

137 
147 

Pac.Is. 
E 

106 
107 

Codakia  ?punctata,  jun. 
Lucina  eburnea.     Living,  rare. 

P 

A 

140 

108 

lAicina  excavata,     1  valve. 

145 

109 

Lucina  prolongata.     Valves. 

143 

110 

Lncina  cancellaris.     Valve. 

C 

G 

111 
112 
113 

Diplodonta  subquadrata.     1  sp. 
])iplodonta  calculus.     Several  living  sp. 
Miltha  Childreni.    [A  few  fresh  specimens  correct 

the  habitat  "  Brazil,"  previously  assigned  to  this 
extremely  rare  and  remarkable  shell,  which  ap- 

pears to  be  a  gigantic  Felania.~\ 

P 

A 

153 

114 

Kellia  suborbicularis.     In  Spondylus, 

A 

154 

115 

Lasea  nibra.     6  sp.  living. 

? 

C 

167 

116 

Mytilns  palliopunctatw.     Fragment. 

P 

P 

A 

168 

117 

Mytilus  multiformis.     Abundant. 

P 

169 

118 

Septifer  Cumingianus.     Common. 

106 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


621 


Pan.     La 
Cat.  jPa*. 

Aca- 
pul. 

Mass. 
Cat. 

Other 
habitats. 

No.                                List  of  Cape  St.  Lucas  Shells. 

P 

A 

170 

L.Mar. 

119  Modiola  capax.    A  few  living  sp.  "  Gal."  [?]. 

A 

172 

Gal. 

120   Crenella  coarctata.     In  Spondylus. 

P 

A 

176 

121  Lithophagus  aristatus.     In  Spondylus. 

P 

A 

175 

122  Lithophagus  plumula.     In  Spondylus. 

P 

C 

181 

123  Area  midticostata.     Adult  valves,  and  jun.  living. 

P 

C 

189 

E 

124  Byssoarca  Pacifica.     Hare. 

418 

A 

WO 

E 

125  Byssoarca  mutabilis.     Valve. 

420 

P 

E 

126  Barbatia  Reeviana.     Valves. 

192 

127  Barbatia  vespertilio.     Valves. 

424 

C 

193 

128  JBarbatia  illota.     Valve. 

423 

P 

195 

E 

129  Barbatia  solida.    Eare. 

416 

A 

194 

E.Mar. 

130  Barbatia  gradata.     Valve. 

P 

G 

131  Axincea  gigantea.     Large  valves,  and  jun.  living. 

696 

132  Axincea,  sp.  ind. 

201 

E 

133  Pinna  lanceolata.     Fragment. 

395 

200 

134  Pinna  maura.     1  sp.,  jun. 

P 

P 

A 

202 

135  Pinna  rugosa.     1  sp.,  Jun. 

391 

P 

C 

204 

136  Margaritiphorajimbriata.     Living. 

E 

137  Avicida  Peruviana.     Valves. 

393 

P 

A 

205 

138  Isognomon  Chemnitzianus.     Common,  living. 

206 

139  Isognomon  Janus.     4  sp.  living.      [One  has  closej 

ligament-pits,  passing  into  costellatus,  just  as  no. 

138,  var.  passes  into  incisus.~\ 

P 

A 

G 

E 

140  Pecten  subnodosus.     Several  valves,  and  1  living. 

[P.  intermedia  is  only  a  var.  of  this  species.] 

387 

P 

A 

207 

E.Mar. 

141  Pecten  ventricosus.     Valves.      [The  young  is   P. 

circularis^  Sby.,  pars.] 

P 

G 

142  Janira  dentata.     ~\  ery  plentiful. 

P 

143  Lima  tetrica.    1  living,  and  valves  [=Z.  squamosa, 

teste  Cuming.  W.  I.,  Mediter.,  Pac.  Is.]. 

390 

Gal. 

144  Lima  arcuata.    1  fresh  pair.  [Can  hardly  be  separa- 

ted from  L.fragilis,  Gal.,  Pac.  Is.,  in  Mus.  Cum.] 

385 

208 

145  Spondylus  calcifer.     Valves.     Bed  var.,  and  speci- 

386 
381 

C 
A 

210 
211 

men  changing  into  purple. 
146  Plicatula  penicillata.     1  sp.  on  Fasciolaria. 
147   Ostrea  iridescens.     A  few  living. 

383 

P 

212 

Marg. 

148   Ostrea  ?  Virginica,  jun. 

213 

E 

149   Ostrea  Columbiensis.     Valves. 

384 

P 

215 

Marg. 

150   Ostrea  amara.     On  Pomaulax. 

Oal. 

]  51    Cavolina  Helemus.     Fragment.     (Pelagic.) 

1  ^>^       \ 

156  (  [Nudibranchs  and  Aplysia.    Not  yet  determined. 

321 

P 

A 

224 

E 

157  Bulla  Adamsi,  and  var.     Common. 

225 

L 

158  Bulla  nebulosa.     Rare. 

A 

226 

L.Gal. 

159  Bulla  Quoyi.     Very  rare. 

L 

160  Haminea  vesicula.    Plentiful,  living. 

229 

?L 

161  Haminea  cymbiformis.    1  sp.     [Closely  related  to 

H.  virescens.~] 

i 

240 

Marg. 

162  Siphonaria  <equilirata.    Dead.                              [ful. 

P 

A 

239 

163  Siphonaria  lecanium,  with  var.  palmata}  &c.   Plenti- 

104  Onchidium  Carpenteri.     Very  rare. 

235 

L.Cal. 

165  Melampus  olivaceus.     Rare. 

166-  1  [The  rest  of  the  Pulmonates  will  be  tabulated 

172  f      afterwards,  vide  p.  630.] 

243 

173  lanthina  decollata.     Very  rare. 

L 

174  Ischnochiton  Mar/dalensis.   Large  and  highly  sculp- 

tured.    Very  rare. 

107 


62? 


REPORT— 1863. 


Pan. 
Cat. 

La 
Paz. 

Aca 
puL 

Ma/. 

Cat. 

Other 
habitats 

No. 

List  of  Cape  St.  Lucas  Shells. 

c 

252 

E 

175 

Ischnochiton  limaciformis.     2  specimens. 

256 

176 

Ischnochiton  Beanii.     1  sp. 

258 

177 

Acanthochites  arragonites.     A  few  living  sp. 

c 

261 

178 

Patella  discors.     Dead. 

A 

260 

179 

Patella  pediculus.     Dead. 

264 

Marg. 

180 

Acmcea  fascicidaris.     Abundant,  living. 

268 

181 

Acmcea  mitella,  jun. 

P 

A 

273 

Gal. 

182 

Fissurellaruyosa,]\m.    [A  var.  is  first  black,  with 

two  white  rays  ;  afterwards  changes  to  whitish.] 

357 

C 

183 

Fissurella  microtrcma.      Common.       [Passes  into 

ruyosa.'] 

274 

184 

Fisswella  nigrocincta.     1  young  sp. 

P 

A 

279 

E 

185 

Gli/  phis  menqualis.     Rare. 

281 

186 

Rimula  Mazatlanica.     2  sp. 

L.  Cal. 

187 

Haliotis  Cracherodii.     (Turtle  Bay.) 

L.  Cal. 

188 

Haliotis  splendens.     (Margarita  Island,  with  4,  5. 

and  6  holes.) 

L 

189 

Callopoma  Fokkesii.     Dead. 

L.  Cal. 

i:0 

Pomaidax  undosus.     Fresh,  with  Gulf  Polyzoa. 

P 

C 

286 

191 

Uvanilla  olivacea.     Dead. 

A 

288 

192 

Uvanilla  unguis.     Dead. 

289 

Marg. 

193 

Calliostoma  eximium.     Dead. 

274 

P 

194 

Omphalius  coronulatus.     Dead  ;  not  uncommon. 

263 

295 

195 

Vitrinella  Panamensis.     1  sp.  oft*  Spondylus. 

304 

P 

A 

326 

Marg. 

196 

Nerita  scabricosta.     Abundant. 

305 

P 

C 

327 

E.Mar. 

197 

Nerita  Bernhardi.     Abundant. 

336 

P 

A 

343 

E.Mar. 

198 

Crucibulum  imbricatum.     Dead. 

337 

P 

A 

344 

E.Mar. 

199 

Crucibidum  spinosum.     Dead. 

344 

P 

A 

334 

E.  Cal. 

200 

Crepidula  aculeata.    Dead.    West  and  East  Indies  . 

P 

A 

E.Mar. 

201 

Crepidula  ?  arenata,  jun.  * 

345 

A 

337 

C.Mar. 

202 

Crepidula  excavata,  jun.  et  var.* 

346 

P 

340 

E.Mar. 

203 

Crepidula  onyx.     Dead. 

328 
327 

P 

A 
A 

347 
349 

E 

204 
205 

Hipponyx  antiquatus.     Dead. 
Hipponyx  barbatus.     Pacific  Is.     Fresh  sp. 

329 

P 

A 

350 

Gal. 

206 

Hipponyx  Grayanus.     Rare. 

323 

P 

A 

352 

207 

Aletes  cmtiquadrus.     On  Marf/aritiphora,  &c. 

355 

208 

Bivonia  contorta.     Frequent,  on  shells. 

A 

359 

209 

Petaloconchus  macrophragma.    Frequent,  on  shells. 

P 

L 

210 

Spiroglyphus  lituella.     On  Purpura  planospira  and 

muricata,  from  Socorro  Is. 

367 

211 

Caecum  subimpresstim.     Very  rare. 

P 

A 

380 

212 

Turritella  tiyrina  et  var.  Cumingii. 

P 

213 

Turritella  sanguinea.     (Whirls  not  shouldered.) 

193 

P 

A 

381 

Gal. 

214 

Certthium  maculosum  and  dwarf  var.,  like  medio- 

Iceve.     Abundant. 

196 

P 

A 

383 

215 

Certthium  uncinatum.     Common  ;  dead. 

200 

P 

A 

387 

G.Mar. 

216 

Certthium  stercus  miiscarum.     Rare  ;  dead. 

P 

A 

388 

Gal. 

217 

Cerithium  interruptum,  Mke.     Common. 

197 

P 

A 

389 

Marg. 

218 

Rhinoclavis  gemmata.     Rare. 

Marg. 

219 

Pyrazus  incisus.     Rare. 

?206 

395 

PE.M*. 

220 

Cerithidea  Mazatlanica.     Dead. 

*  A  difficulty  attends  the  identification  of  young  specimens  of  these  rare  species,  no 
series  having  yet  been  obtained.  "  C.  excavata,  var.,"  in  Mus.  Cum.  is  exactly  interme- 
diate between  the  two.  The  young  of  excavata  has  a  large  swelling  umbo  projecting  beyond 
the  margin  ;  the  umbo  in  "?var."  has  the  margin  spreading  round  it,  as  in  onyxy  jun., 
and  in  consequence  appears  turned  in  the  contrary  direction.  The  umbilicus  above  the 
deck  exists  in  both  forms ;  but  it  is  not  an  absolutely  constant  character,  e?eu  in  aduncct. 

108 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


623 


Pan.  |  La  Aca 
cat.    raz.i  pal. 

Maz. 

Cat. 

Other 
habitats. 

No. 

List  of  Cape  St.  Lucas  Shells. 

•232 

G 

397 

Marg. 

221 

Litorina  aspera.     Very  rare. 

234 

P 

C 

396 

222 

Litorina  conspersa.  Common.  A  distorted  specimen 

lias  a  Lacunoid  chink  :  another  a  Nassoid  shape. 

P 
273 

P 

398 
401 

E 

286 
223 

Litorina  Philippii.    Rare  :  v.  antea,  var.  penicillata. 
Modulus  catemilatus,  jun. 

244 

224 

Rissoina  fir  mata.     Rare. 

245 

225 

Rissoina  fortis.     Very  rare. 

A 

408 

226 

Rissoina  stricta.     Rare. 

243 

227 

Rissoina  clandestine.     Dead. 

247 

228 

Rissoina  infrequens.     Dead,  -worn. 

246 

414 

229 

Alvania  tumida.     1  sp.,  off  Spoudylus. 

C 

417 

L 

230 

Barleeia  subtenuis.     1  sp. 

411 

231 

Barleeia  lirata.     1  sp. 

422 

232 

Gemella,  sp.     1  sp. 

420 

L 

233 

Jeffrey  sia  Alderi.     1  sp. 

419 

234 

Jeffreysia  Ufasciata.     Very  rare. 

425 

235 

Alaba  supralirata.     Not  uncommon. 

427 

236 

Alaba  terebralis.     1  dead,  broken  specimen. 

A 

424 

237 

Planaxis  nigritella.     Dead  ;  some  of  the  specimens 

may  be  a  dwarf  form  of 

42 

2376 

Planaxis  ?  planicostata. 

4 

435 

?L 

238 

Radius  variabilis.     1  sp. 

6 

P 

A 

438 

E 

239 

Aricia  arabicula.     Very  rare. 

8 

P 

C 

E 

240 

Aricia  punctulata.     Very  rare. 

P 

241 

Luponia  Sowerbyi.     1  living  and  several  worn. 

P 

242 

Luponia  albuginosa.     Dead  ;  plentiful. 

[  Cyprcea  tigris  and  Pteroceras  lambis  ;  doubtless 

received  through  traders.] 

9 

P 

A 

439 

243 

Trivia  pustulata.     Dead. 

10 
P 

P 
P 

A 
A 

440 
441 

Gal.  E. 

244 
245 

Trivia  radians  ;  intermediate  specimens  towards 
Trivia  Solandri.     Dead. 

, 

P 

A 

Gal. 

246 

Trivia  Pacifica.     1  sp. 

12 

P 

A 

442 

E 

247 

Trivia  sanguinea.     Dead. 

A 

248 

Erato  Maugerice.      [Exactly  like  the  W.  Indian 

13 

A 

GulfE 

249 

specimens  :  also  Crag  fossil,  teste  S.  Wood.] 
Erato  scabriuscida.     Rare. 

122 
124 

P 

C 
A 

447 

448 

Gal.  E 

250 
251 

Strombus  galeatus,  jun.     1  sp. 
Strombus  granulatus.     Abundant;  dead. 

123 
P 

P 

C 

449 

E 

252 
253 

Strombus  gracilior.     1  dead  specimen. 
Subula  strigata.    2  dead  specimens. 

C 

454 

E 

254 

Subula  ?  luctuosa,  jun. 

P 

A 
A 

455 
456 

E 

255 
256 

Euryta  fulgurata.     Dead. 
Euryta  aciculata.    Dead. 

C 

257 

Terebra  lingualis.     1  sp. 

P 

G 

258 

Myurella  variegata.     very  rare. 

450 

259 

Myurella  albocincta.     1  dead  specimen. 

452 

260 

Myurella  subnodosa.     1  dead  specimen. 

P 

C 

457 

261 

Pleurotoma  funiculata.     Rare;  dead. 

163 

461 

E 

262 

Drillia  aterrima.     Rare  ;  and  var.  Melchersi. 

465 

263 

Drillia  albovallosa.     1  sp.,  dead. 

467 

E 

264 

Drillia  luctuosa.     1  sp.,  dead. 

P 

265 

Drillia  maura,  Val.     Fragment. 

A 

266 

Daphnella  casta.    1  sp.    [Coarser  striae  than  W.  I. 

species,  but  scarcelv  differs  from  crebriplicata. 

A 

267 

Rve.,  "Philippines."] 
Cithara  stromboides      1  sp.     [Probably=£n'face«, 

Kien.] 

109 


C24. 


REPORT — 1803. 


Pan. 
Cat 

La 
Paz. 

Aca- 
pul. 

M:iz. 

cat. 

Other 
habitats. 

No. 

List  of  Cape  St.  Lucas  Shells. 

117 

P 

A 

E 

268 

Comts  prtnccps.     Dead. 

113 

P 

A 

Gal.  E 

269 

Conns  MAMMfttA     Dead. 

118 

P 

A 

476 

270 

Conns  purpurascens  and  var.  regalitalis.     Dead. 

114 

P 

A 

480 

271 

Conus  gladiator.     Dead. 

116 

P 

A 

481 

Gal. 

272 

Conus    nux  et  var.  pusillm   [Gld.   non   Chem.]. 

Living;  plentiful. 

118 

C 

G 

273 

C<mm  scalaris.     1  sp.,  dead. 

P 

P 

E 

274 

Conus  tornatus.     Rare,  dead. 

270 

P 

A 

275 

Solarium  granulatum,  and  ?var.  quadriceps.     Com- 

mon. 

L 

276 

Odostomia  ?straminea.     1  sp. 

489 

277 

Syrnola  lamettata.    1  sp.,  off  Spondylus. 

254 

501 

278 

Oscilla  exarata—terebellum.     1  sp. 

223 
227 

507 
518 

279 

280 

Ch  rysallida  communii.    1  sp.  ,  off  Spondylus. 
Chemnitzia  Panamemis.     Very  rare. 

519 

281 

Chemnitzia  Adamsi.     1  sp.,  off  Spondylm. 

524 
532 

282 
283 

Chemnitzia  prolong  ata.     1  sp.,  off  Spondylus. 
Chemnitzia  Jlavescens.     1  sp.,  off  Spondylus. 

194 

207 

A 

563 
557 

L 
L 

284 
285 

Cerithiopsis  assimilata.     1  sp.,off  Spondylus. 
Cerithiopsis  tuberculoides.     1  sp. 

208 

0 

391 

286 

Triforis  alternatus.     1  sp.,  off  Spondylus. 

P 

287 

Scalaria  ?  tiara.     1  sp. 

295 

P 

A 

570 

Gal. 

288 

Natica  maroccana.     Com.  W.  Afr.  ;  ?  Pacific  Is. 

P 

P 

A 

289 

Natica  zonaria.      Common.     Operc.  grooved  as  in 

canrena  [—alapapilionis,  var.,  teste  Eve.  :  non 

Chem.]. 

A 

290 

Natica  catenata.    Common. 

302 

P 

A 

576 

E 

291 

Polinices  ttber.     Common.     [The  young  shells  go 

through   all  shapes,  from  globose   to  pointed. 

Operc.  thin,  light  green,  horny.] 

P 

A 

G 

Gal. 

292 

Polinices  otis  et  var.  fusca.     Rare  j  dead. 

P 

G 

Marg. 

293 

Polinices  bifasciata.     Living;  rare. 

P 

A 

G 

E* 

294 

Neverita  glauca.     1  sp. 

577 

295 

Lamellaria,  sp.  ind.     1  sp. 

146 

A 

579 

296 

Ficula  ventricosa.     Not  uncommon.     Animal  pre- 

served of  both  sexes,  and  of  surpassing  beauty. 

66 

C 

G 

E.Mar. 

297 

Malea  ringens.    1  dead  sp.    [Fossil,  Atlantic  shores, 

Newben-y.'] 

112 

P 

A 

G 

Gal. 

298 

Oniscia  tubercidosa.     Very  rare. 

111 

P 

A 

G 

Gal. 

299 

Levenia  coarctata.     Very  rare. 

110 

P 

C 

300 

Bezoardica  abbrcviata.      1  living,  with  very  small 

normal  operculum.      Common  ;  dead.      [Varies 

greatly  in  form  and  sculpture,  like  the  Texan 

"  analogue,"  which  may  be  conspecific.] 

131 

C 

301 

Triton  vestitus.  Isp.  [Scarcely  differs  from  pilearisJ] 

132 

302 

Ranella  ca>lata.    1  sp.,  dead. 

L 

303 

Ranella  Californica.     Very  rare.      Grows  4  inches 

long. 

151 

A 

582 

Gal. 

304 

Latirus  ceratus.     2  dead  sp. 

P 

584 

E 

305 

Fasciolaria  princeps.     2  dead  sp. 

18 

A 

306 

Mitra  crenata,  Rve.,  teste  Dohrn.     lap.     [?=nu- 

cleola.~\ 

19 

307 

Mitra  solitaria,  C.  B.  Ad.     1  sp. 

20 

586 

Gal.E 

308 

Strigatella  tristis.     Rare. 

A 

G 

E 

309 

AZiieta  harpa.     1  sp. 

P 

589 

310 

Volutetta  margaritula.     Off  Spondylus  ;  common. 

14 

587 

311 

Mar  ginella  minor.     OS  Spondylus;  rare. 

110 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


625 


Pan. 
Cat. 

La  Aca- 
Paz.i  pul. 

Maz. 
Cat. 

Other 
habitats. 

No. 

List  of  Cape  St.  Lucas  Shells. 

A 

312 

Volvarina  varia.    Rare.     [Cannot  be  distinguished 

A 

?WI 

313 
314 

from  some  W.  I.  specimens.] 
Persicula  imbricata.     1  sp.     [Can  scarcely  be  sepa- 
rated from  interrupta,  jun.     Also  Guacomayo.] 
Persicula  phrygia.     Rare.     [Closely  allied  to  fru- 

mentum.      Differs  from  the  W.  I.  sagittata  by 

having  the  painting  in  loops  instead  of  zigzag, 

and  an  orange  callosity  over  the  sunken  spire, 

bordered  by  a  spotted  sutural  line.] 

36 

P 

G 

Marg. 

315 

Oliva  porphyria.     1  sp. 

?33 

P 

A 

591 

316 

Oliva  Melchersi,  var.     Rare. 

P 

?592 

Marg. 

317 

Oliva  subangulata.     Very  common,  dead.      [This 

species,  very  rare  elsewhere,  is  known  by  the 

shouldered    shape,  toothed  paries,  and  violet- 

stained  mouth  and  columella.J 

P 

600 

318 

Olivella  dama.     Rare  ;  dead. 

P 

C 

596 

319 

Olivella  tergina.     Rare  ;  dead. 

39 

A 

595 

320 

Olivella  undatella.     3  sp.  ;  dead. 

C 

601 

321 

Olivella  zonalis.     Rare  ;  dead. 

598 

?WI 

322 

Olivella  v.  aureocincta.     3  sp.  ;  dead. 

A 

597 

E 

323 

Olivella  anazora.  Very  rare  ;  dead.  Perhaps  a  var.  of 

34 

P 

A 

324 

Olivella  gracilis.      Extremely  abundant.       [With 

many  varieties  :  among  which  is  one  with  dark 

median  and  sutural  bands  and  light  spire  ;  an- 

other with  dark  spire  ;  another  pure  white,  of 

which  the  young  is  inconspicua,  C.  B.  Ad.     The 

Acapulcan  varieties  are  somewhat  different.] 

A 

G 

325 

Harpa  crenata.     Dead. 

76 

P 

A 

606 

E.Mar. 

326 

Purpura  biserialis.     Abundant. 

P 

A 

607 

327 

Purpura  trisenalis.     Common. 

69 

P 

A 

608 

Gal. 

328 

Purpura  triangularis.     Not  uncommon. 

P 

A 

603 

G.Mar. 

329 

Purpura  patula.     Common.     Also  West  Indies. 

P 

P 

C 

605 

E 

330 

Purpura  muricata.     Rare  j  dead  at  C.  S.  L.  ;  living 

at  Socorro  Island. 

P 

Gal. 

331 

Purpura  planospira.      Dead  shells  at  C.  S.  L.  and 

La  Paz  ;  abundant  and  fine  at  Socorro  Island. 

74 
107 

A 

611 

Gal. 

332 
333 

Rhizocheilus  m&r+tall  var.  [=  Calif  ornicus.~j 
Sistrum  carbonarium.     Living  ;  plentiful. 

89 

P 

A 

613 

WI 

334 

Nitidella  cribraria.    Abundant. 

94 

A 

615 

E 

335 

Columbella  major.     Rare. 

86 

P 

A 

617 

E 

336 

Columbella  fuscata.     Abundant. 

A 

337 

Columbella  f  estiva.     Not  rare. 

90 

P 

Gal. 

338 

Columbella  h&mastoma.     Not  rare. 

E 

339 

Columbella  solidula.    Abundant  *. 

A 

E 

340 

Columella  Reevei  [=  Sta.  Barbarensis,  Cpr.  (error)]. 

E 

341 

Columella  baccata.     Rare. 

P 

342 

Conella  cedonulli.     1  sp. 

P 

624 

L.Mar. 

343 

Nassa  tegida.     Rare  ;  pale  var. 

55 

C 

632 

344 

Nassa  versicolor.     Rare  ;  dead. 

^  45 

P 

A 

345 

Nassa  corpidenta.     Very  rare. 

*  The  young  shell  is  thin,  semitransparent,  with  Alaboid  tuberous  vertex.  The  nuclear 
partis  rather  more  tumid  than  the  next  whirl,  and  set  slanting  as  in  some  Chrysodomi. 
Adolescent,  whirls  smooth,  except  a  sutural  line.  Sculpture  of  adult  gradually  developed, 
with  spiral  lines,  sometimes  all  over,  sometimes  only  anteriorly  and  posteriorly.  Last 
whirl  sometimes  with  blunt  radiating  riblets,  but  generally  smooth.  Siphonal  notch  deeply 
cut  back,  as  in  Strombina,  to  which  the  species  may  belong. 

1863. 


626 


REPORT — 1863. 


Pan. 
Cat, 

La 
Paz. 

Aca- 
pul. 

Maz. 
Cat. 

Other 
habitats. 

No. 

—  i 

List  of  Cape  St.  Lucas  Shells. 

P 

Gal. 

346 

Fusus  Thouarsii  [-{-Novce-JIollandice,  Rve.].  Rare  j 

dead. 

P 

639 

E 

347 

Siphonalia  pallida.    Very  rare. 

109 

Gal. 

348 

Engina  Reeviana.     1  sp. 

P 

A 

Gal. 

349 

Engina  wocostoma.     1  sp. 

P 

C 

647 

350 

Anachis  coronata.     Very  rare. 

652 

E 

351 

Anachis  tatniata  [=  Ga*koinei].     Very  rare. 

99 

352 

Anachis  pidchrior.     Very  rare. 

G 

353 

Anachis  tpallida,  Phil.     Very  rare. 

98 

E 

354 

Anachis  ?parva,  var.     Dead  shells  :  may  be  pyy- 

mfca,  rar. 

650 

355 

Anachis  serrata,     A  few  perfect  specimens. 

(100 

) 

A 

(651 

)  (E) 

356 

Anachis  pygmcea  (var.  auriflua).     Rare. 

P 

C 

657 

357 

Strombina  macidosa.     Very  rare. 

87 

E 

358 

Strombina  gillenda.     Very  rare. 

64 

P 

A 

662 

359 

Pisania  sang-uinolenta.     Dwarf  var.  ;  common. 

60 

A 

360 

Pisania  litgiibris.     Rare;  dead. 

P 

C 

664 

361 

Murex  plicatiis.     Rare  ;  dead. 

140 

P 

A 

665 

362 

Murex  recurvirostris.     1  spv  dead. 

P 

A 

669 

363 

Phyllmotus  bicolor.     Rare. 

136 

P 
P 

A 
A 

671 
673 

364 
365 

Phyllonotus  princeps.     Rare  ;  dead. 
Muricidea  ditbia.     Rare  ;  dead. 

366 

Argonauta  argo.     1  large  sp.  of  the  ?var.  papyracea. 

Pelagic. 

367 

Octoptis,  sp.     Pelagic. 

As  would  be  expected,  the  bulk  of  these  species  (203  out  of  367)  are  the 
same  as  have  been  already  enumerated  in  the  Reigen  Catalogue.  Of  thoso 
which  do  not  appear  in  the  Mazatlan  lists,  no  fewer  than  37  appear  in  the 
Panama  collections  (beside  10  others,  known  to  inhabit  the  equatorial  region). 
Of  those  not  quoted  from  Mazatlan,  34  are  also  found  in  the  Acapulco 
region,  and  30  at  La  Paz.  Of  the  whole  number,  79  have  also  been  found 
in  South  America,  and  28  in  the  Galapagos.  38  have  also  been  found  in 
Margarita  Bay,  of  which  Pijrazus  incisus  and  Siplionaria  cequilirata  are  Lower 
Californian  rather  than  Gulf  species ;  but  only  13  belong  to  that  portion  of 
the  Lower  Californian  fauna  which  is  known  to  reach  S.  Diego,  exclusive  of 
the  same  number  of  Gulf  species,  which  also  stray  into  the  S.  Diegan  district. 
There  are  also  10  species,  which  (with  more  or  less  distinctness)  represent 
"West  Indian  forms.  Of  these,  five,  viz.  Heterodonax  bimaculatus,  Erato 
Mauyerice,  Volvarina  varia,  Persicula  imbricata  and  plirygia,  are  new  to  the 
Gulf  fauna :  the  other  five  appear  in  the  Reigen  Catalogue. 

106.  The  most  extensive  collections  in  the  Vancouver  district,  both  as  far 
as  the  number  of  species  and  of  specimens  is  concerned,  have  been  made  for 
the  Smithsonian  Institution  by  Mr.  J.  G.  Swan,  teacher  at  the  Indian  Reserve, 
Neeah  Bay,  "W.  T.  For  several  years  *  valuable  consignments  have  been 
received  from  him  of  shells  collected  at  Cape  Flattery,  Port  Townsend,  and 
other  stations.  Latterly  he  has  trained  the  native  children  to  pick  up  shore- 
shells  in  large  quantities.  The  labour  of  sorting  and  arranging  these  has 
been  enormous;  it  has,  however,  been  repaid  not  only  by  observing  the 

*  In  consequence  of  boxes  having  been  received  at  different  times,  through  the  accidents 
of  transit,  it  has  not  always  been  possible  to  ascertain  with  certainty  to  whom,  among 
simultaneous  collectors,  should  be  allowed  priority  in  the  discovery  of  new  species. 

112 


OX  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  627 

variations  of  form  in  large  numbers  of  individuals,  but  by  the  discovery  of 
several  new  species  and  the  addition  to  the  district-fauna  of  many  others. 
The  duplicates  are  made-up  in  series  for  distribution  by  the  Smithsonian 
Institution ;  and,  though  of  the  worst  quality  from  a  "  collector's  "  point  of 
view,  they  will  be  found  very  serviceable  by  real  students,  being  carefully 
lamed  in  accordance  with  this  Eeport.  He  has  now  received  a  dredge,  con- 
structed for  him  by  Dr.  Stimpson;  and  if  he  succeeds  in  training  the  young 
Indians  to  use  it,  there  is  little  doubt  that  a  rich  harvest  of  fresh  materials 
will  shortly  be  obtained.  Some  of  the  collections  were  made  on  the  neigh- 
bouring shores  of  Vancouver's  Island,  among  which  vvas  a  large  series  of 
Pachypoma  gibberosum,  Chem.,  with  attached  Bivonia,  Doth  of  an  essentially 
Eastern  Pacific  type,  the  former  having  been  brought  from  Japan  by  Mr.  A. 
Adams.  The  Indians  have  taken  a  fancy  to  the  opercula  of  this  shell  for  the 
purpose  of  ornamenting  their  canoes.  As  it  is  an  article  of  trade  among 
themselves,  it  is  remarkable  that  so  large  a  shell  should  have  so  long  escaped 
the  notice  of  collectors.  Dead  specimens  have  been  washed-up  in  California; 
but  it  is  not  known  even  to  enter  the  Straits  of  De  Puca  alive.  The  shore- 
pickings  of  the  Indian  children,  which  have  already  added  25  species  to 
science,  are  singularly  free  from  ballast-importations,  although  they  present 
a  few  (supposed)  extra-limital  shells,  probably  washed-up  by  the  ocean 
currents.  The  following  are  the  species  new  to  the  Vancouver  fauna  ;  the 
remainder  will  be  found  tabulated  in  the  7th  column  of  the  general  Table, 
par.  112,  infra. 

No. 

1.  Waldheimia  Coreanica,  valves. 

2.  Xylntrya  pennatifera,  teste  Jeffr. 

8.   Clidiophora  punctata,  one  worn  valve. 

4.  Macoma  ?  edentula.     Two  living  shells  may  be  the  young  of  this  species,  or  an 

extreme  var.  of  inquinata. 

5.  Mara  salmonea.     Plentiful. 

6.  Angulus  variegatus.     Rare. 

7.  Semele  rubrolineata.     One  large  valve  may  belong  to  this  species,  or  (moro 

probably)  be  distinct  and  new. 

8.  Standella  ?  Californica.     One  young-  valve. 

9.  Miodonprolongatus,K.  subg.,  n.s.  "Several  valves  of  this  curious  shell,  inter- 

mediate between  Litcina  and  Venericardia,  accord  with  forms   not  before 
eliminated,  from  the  Coralline  Crag  and  Inferior  Oolite. 

10.  Lazaria  siibquadrata.     One  valve. 

11.  Diplodonta  orbella.     Very  large  valves. 

12.  Kellia  (var.)  Chironii.     A  few  valves. 

13.  Adula  stylina.     Plentiful. 

14.  Axinaa  (?  septentrionalis,  var.)  subobsokta.     Numerous  valves. 

15.  Siphonaria  Thersites,  n.  s.    Rare,  dead.    Like  tristensis  and  other  Cape  Horn  au:l 

N.  Zealand  types.     The  genus  was  not  known  north  of  Margarita  Bay. 

16.  Mopalia  (Kennerleyi,  var.)  Sioannii.     One  sp.  and  valves. 

17.  Ischnochiton  (Trachyderm&ti)  Nuttallii*     One  sp. 

18.  Haliotis  Kamtschatkana.     Rare. 

19.  Pachypoma  gibberosum,  Chem.    Living ;  plentiful. 

20.  Leptonyx  sanguinem,  Linn.     Very  plentiful.     (Japan,  A.  Ad.  \  —  Homalapeuw 

sanguineum,  antea  p.  588  (nom.  preoc.)  ;  Mediterranean,  Philippi.} 

21.  Chlorostoma  funebrale  (et  var.  subapertum.    One  sp.). 

22.  Cattiostoma  canaliculatum.     Living ;  abundant. 

23.  Margarita  cidaris,  n.  s.     One  fresh  specimen,  with  aspect  of  Turcica* 

24.  Margarita  Jielicma.     Very  rare. 

25.  Gibbida  parcipicta.     One  sp. 
2(>.  Gibbula  succincta,  n.  s.     Rare. 
27.  Gibbida  lacunata,  n.  s.     One  sp. 

8  113 


628  REPORT— 1863. 


No. 

28.  Gtblntla  ftmiculata,  n.  s.     Very  rare. 

29.  Ripponyx  cranioides,  n.  s.     Plentiful. 

oO.  Bii'onid compacta,  11.  s.      Frequent  on  PacJiypoma-,  externally  resembles 
loconchm  macrophragma. 

31.  Sittium  (?var.)  esuriens.     Common,  dead. 

32.  Lacuna  porrecta,   n.  s.      Plentiful,  with  intermediate   Pvars.   excequata  and 

effusa. 

33.  Lacuna  (?soltdtda,  var.)  compacta.     Rare. 

34.  Lacuna  variegata,  n.  s.     Not  common  j  resembles  the  Japanese  i.  decorata. 

35.  Isapis  fenestrata,  n.  s.     Very  rare. 
3(J.  Almnia  reticulata,  n.  s.     Very  rare. 

37.  Alvania  fiLosa,)  n.  s.     One  specimen. 

38.  ?Assiminea  subrotundata,  n.  s.     One  specimen. 

39.  ?  Paludinella,  sp.     One  specimen. 

40.  Mangdia  crebricostata,  n.  s.     Very  rare. 

41.  Mangdia  interfossa,  n.  s.     Several  dead  specimens. 

42.  Mangdia  tabulata,  n.  s.     Several  dead  specimens. 

43.  Daphndla  effusa,  n.  s.     One  broken  specimen. 

44.  Odostomia  satura,  n.  s.  and  ?var.  Gouldii.     Very  rare. 

45.  Odostomia  nuciformis,  n.  s.  and  ?var.  avellana.     Very  rare. 
40.   Odostomia  inflata.     Very  rare. 

47.  Odostomia  tenutscidpta,  n.  s.     Very  rare. 

48.  Scalaria  Indianorum,  n.  s.     Bare. 

49.  Opalia  borealis.     Very  common.     This  fine  species,  indicated  by  Dr.  Gld.  fE« 

E.  Mol.,  p.  307)  under  Scalaria  australis,  closely  resembles  O.  Ochotensia, 
Midd.  It  is  not  referred  to  in  the  ( Otia/  and  the  locality  was  naturally 
suspected. 

50.  Cerithiopsis  munita,  n.  s.     Rare. 

51.  Cerithiopsis  columna.     Very  rare. 

52.  Cerithiopsis  tubcrculata.  )  Rare.  No  differences  have  been  detected  on  comparing 

53.  Triforis  adversa.  \       the  Herm  and  Neeah  Bay  specimens. 

54.  Trichotropis  inermis.     A  few  specimens  differ  from  the  decorticated  T.  cancel- 

lota,  and  agree  with  Hinds's  diagnosis. 

55.  CanceUaria  modesta,  n.  s.     One  sp.  and  fragment. 

56.  Velutina  prolongata,  n.  s.     Very  rare. 

57.  Olivetta  biplicata.     Very  fine  and  abundant. 

58.  Pwrpura  (v&r,)fuscata.    Forbes's  species,  the  locality  of  which  was  before  un- 

certain, is  here  connected  by  easy  transitions  with  the  normal  saxicola. 

59.  Colwnbdla  (var.)  ?Hindsii.     Maybe  a  stunted  form  of  A.  yausapata. 

60.  Amycla  tuberosa.    Rare, 

61.  Chrysodomw   tabidatus.      One  beautiftilly  perfect  specimen;   described  and 

figured  from  Mr.  Lord's  broken  shell,  sent  simultaneously. 

The  following  appear  to  be  due  to  currents : — 

62.  Pachydesma  crassatelloides.     Fragment. 

63.  Fissurella  volcano.     One  broken  specimen. 

107.  A  collection  of  shells  received  from  the  Farallones  Islands  by  Mr.  R. 
D.  Darbishire,  of  Manchester,  soon  after  the  publication  of  the  first  Report, 
contained  several  species  at  that  time  new  to  science,  but  in  too  imperfect  a 
condition  for  description.  Among  them  were — 

ifaartesia  intercalata,  Maz.  Cat.,  no.  19.     Burrowing  in  Haliotis  n/fescens. 
Odostomia  inflata,  n.  s.     Young  shells,  abundant,  in  Haliotis  ntfesceru. 
Ocitiebra  lurida. 
Ocinebra  interfossa,  n.  s. 

Collections  from  the  same  locality  were  afterwards  sent  by  the  Rev.  J. 
Rowell,  and  are  tabulated  with  the  rest  of  the  Smithsonian  series  in  the  4th 
.column  of  the  general  Table,  par.  112. 

114 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  629 

108.  In  1860,  previously  to  the  commencement  of  the  Californian  Geo- 
ogical  Survey,  Dr.  J.  G.  Cooper  joined  a  military  expedition  across  the  Rocky 

.ountains,  under  the  command  of  Major  Blake,  U.S.A.  Having  forwarded 
us  notes,  and  specimens  to  Judge  Cooper,  they  were  placed  in  the  hands  of 

T.  Thomas  Bland,  of  New  York.  He  prepared  a  "  Notice  of  Land  and 
freshwater  Shells,  collected  by  Dr.  J.  G.  Cooper  in  the  Rocky  Mountains,  &c.," 

hich  appears  in  the  'Ann.  Lye.  N.  H.  of  N.  York,'  1861,  pp.  362  et  seq. 
Ve  have  here  the  judgment  of  one  of  the  most  distinguished  students  of 

merican  land-shells,  whose  labours  on  the  tropical  forms  have  accumulated 
'acts  so  important  in  their  bearing  on  the  Darwinian  controversy  *.  The  fol- 
owing  is  an  outline  of  the  Report,  which  is  peculiarly  valuable  for  the  copious 
otes  on  the  station  and  distribution  of  species : — 

o. 

Helix  Townsendiana,  Lea.  "  Both  slopes  of  the  Bitter  Root  Mountains,  from 
2200-5600  ft.  high.  Large  var.  at  the  base  of  the  range  to  4800  ft.  Small 
var.  in  dry  prairie  at  junction  of  Hell-Gate  and  Bitter  Root  Rivers;  also  in 
Wash.  Ter.,  west  of  the  Coast  Mountains.  The  most  wide-spread  of  the 
species,"  J.  G.  C.  ;  Puget  Sound,  Cape  Disappointment,  teste  inland. 

2.  Helix  Midlani,  n.s.,  Bland.  "  Under  logs  and  in  dry  pine-woods  :  dead,  Coeur 
d'Alene  Mission :  living,  west  side  of  Bitter  Root  Mountains,"  J.  G.  C.  j 
St.  Joseph's  River,  1st  Camp,  Oregon,  teste  Binney.  Closely  allied  to  H.  Co- 
lumbiana,  Lea,  =  labiosa,  Gld.  A  beautiful  hyaline  var.  was  found  under  a 
stone,  by  the  Bitter  Root  River,  4000  ft,  high. 

Helix  polygyrella,  n.s.,  Bland.  "  Moss  and  dead  wood  in  dampest  parts  of 
spruce-forests ;  common  on  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Mountains,  especially  eastern 
slope,"  J.  G.  C.  Entirely  unlike  any  other  N.  A.  species,  and  having  affi- 
nity with  H.  polygyrata  from  Brazil. 

4.  Helix  Vancouverensis,  Lea,  =  H.  concava,  Bin.  sen.  olim,  non  postea,  nee  Say ; 
=  H.  vellicata,  Fbs.,  certainly ;  =H.  sportella,  Gld.,  probably.  "  West  side 
of  Coeur  d'Alene  Mountains,  W.  T.,  in  forests  of  Coniferae,  such  as  it  in- 
habits west  of  the  Cascade  Range.  Between  these  two  ranges,  for  200  miles, 
is  a  wide  plain,  quite  uninhabitable  for  snails,  on  account  of  drought.  This 
sp.  and  H.  Townsendiana  probably  travel  round  it  through  the  northern 
forests  in  lat.  49°,"  J.  G.  C.  Also  Crescent  City,  Cal.,  Newcomb;  Oregon 
City,  Whidby's  Is.,  W.  T. ;  Mus.  Bland.  Found  on  the  Pacific  slope,  from 
Puget  Sound  to  San  Diego. 

6.  Helix  strigosa,  Gld.  "  ^Estivating  under  pine-logs,  on  steep  slope  of  shale, 
containing  veins  of  lime,  4000  ft.  high,  near  Bitter  Root  River,  Rocky  Moun- 
tains," J.  G.  C. ;  Big  Horn  Mountains,  Nebraska ;  Rio  Piedra,  W.  New 
Mexico  ;  teste  Bland.  One  sp.  reached  N.  York  alive,  and  deposited  six 
young  shells.  [?May  not  these  have  been  abnormally  hatched  in  the  body 
of  the  parent,  from  the  unnatural  confinement.] 

6.  Helix  Cooperi,  Binn.,  jun.  "  East  side  of  Mullan's  Pass,  Rocky  Mountains, 
W.  T.,  at  an  elevation  of  5500  ft,"  J.  G.  C. ;  Black  Hills  of  Nebraska,  Dr. 
V.  Hayden ;  Big  Horn  Mountains,  Nebraska  j  west  side  of  Wind  River 
Mountains  ;  Rio  Piedra,  W.  N.  Mexico,  teste  Bland,  Passes  bv  varieties 
towards  H.  '  ~"  "  -  •  -  -  -  -  •  - 


igosa,  Gld.  Hayden's  shell  from  Bridger's Pass,Nebr.,  referred 
to  by  Binn.,  jun.,  Journ.  A.  N.  S.  Phil.  1858,  p.  115,  as  H.  solitaria,  var.,  is 
the  young  of  this  species. 

7.  Helix  solitaria,  Say.    Both  slopes  of  Coeur  d'Alene  Mts.,  2500  feet  high,  J.  G.  C. 

Also  Prairie  States,  teste  Bland. 

8.  Helix  arborea,  Say.     "  Damp  bottom  lands,  along  the  lower  valley  of  Hell-Gate 

River,  4500  ft.  high,"  J.  G.  C.  Found  from  Labrador  to  Texas,  and  from 
Florida  to  Nebraska ;  also  on  the  River  Chama,  N.  Mex. ;  also  Guadaloupe, 
teste  Beau  and  FerussaCj  letter  to  Say,  1820  j  teste  Bland. 

*  Vide  "  Geographical  Distribution  of  the  Genera  and  Species  of  Land  Shells  of  the 
West  Indies,  &c.,"  by  Thomas  Bland.  Reprinted  from  Ann.  LTC.  Nat.  Hist.,  vol.  vii  !New 
York  1861. 

115 


630  REPORT — 1863. 

No. 

9.    Helix  striatella,  Anth.     With  H.  arborea,  J.  G.  C.     From  Canada  E.  to  Kansas, 
and  from  Pembina  (Red  River  N.)  to  Virginia ;  teste  Bland. 

10.  Succinea  rusticana,  Gld.     "  Rocky  Mountains  of  Bitter  Root  Valley,  2500- 

4500  ft,"  J.  G.  C. 

The  freshwater  shells  collected  on  the  Rocky  Mountains  by  Dr.  Cooper 
were  determined,  with  the  assistance  of  Dr.  Lea  and  of  Messrs.  Binney  and 
Prime,  as  follows  : — 

11.  Limneea  fragilis  [as  of]  Linn.  [Binney].     Hell-Gate  River;  Missouri  River, 

above  the  Falls.     [=Z.  paliistris,  auct] 

12.  Limntea  humilis,  Say.     Hell-Gate  River. 

13.  Limneea  bulimoides,  Linn.  [Binney].     Missouri  River,  above  the  Falls. 

14.  Limneea  desidiosa,  Say.     Missouri  River,  above  the  Falls. 

15.  Physa  hypnorum,  Linn.     Hell-Gate  River. 

16.  Physa  heterostropha,  Say.     Hell-Gate  River ;  Missouri  River,  above  the  Falls, 

17.  Planorlis  trivolvis,  Say.     Hell-Gate  River. 

18.  Planorbis  ?parvtts,  Say.     Hell-Gate  River. 

19.  Ancylus,  sp.  ind. 

20.  Melania  plicifera,  Lea.     Hell-Gate  River. 

21.  Leptoxis,  sp.  ind. 

22.  Amnicola,  sp.  ind. 

23.  Sphcerium  [  Cyclas]  occidentals,  Prime.     Hell-Gate  River. 

24.  Sphcerium  [  Cyclas\  striatinum,  Lam.     Missouri  River,  above  the  Falls. 

25.  Unio  luteoluSj  Lam. 

26.  Margariiana  margaritifera,  Linn.    Missouri  River,  above  the  Falls ;  also  Spokan 

River,  below  Lake  Cceur  d'Alene,=-4./a/c#£Ms,  Gld. ;  the  purple  var.  hitherto 
only  found  on  the  Pacific  slope. 

109.  The  land-shells  of  the  peninsula  of  California  present  points  of  great 
interest  to  the  student  of  geographical  distribution.  While  those  of  the 
eastern  shore  of  the  Gulf  belong  exclusively  to  the  Mexican  or  Central  Ame- 
rican fauna,  those  of  the  western  present  in  their  general  features  that  form 
of  the  South  American  type  which  belongs  to  the  region  of  the  Andes.  The 
contrast  between  the  Glandinae  and  painted  Bulimids  of  Mazatlan,  and  the 
small  dull  forms,  or  solid  white  shells  of  the  peninsula,  is  evident  even  to  the 
superficial  observer.  They  are  catalogued  by  Mr.  Binney  in  the  '  Proc.  Ac. 
Nat.  So.  Philadelphia/  1861,  pp.  331-333,  and  are  as  follows,  outline-figures 
being  given  of  the  new  species  : — 

No. 

1.  Helix  areolata,  Sby.     Cerros  Is.,  Dr.  Veatch. 

2.  Helix  Pandorce,  Fbs.     Margarita  Is.  (Binney). 

3.  Bulimus  excelsus,  Gld.     La  Paz.  (Mus.  Cal.  Acad.  N.  S.) 

4.  Bulimus  vesicalis,  Gld.      Lower  California.      [Altered  in  <  Otia/  p.  184,  to  B. 

sufflatus',  nom.  preoc.] 

5.  Bulimm pallidior,  Sby.^vegetus,  Gld.    With  B.  incendem,  v.  infra.     (S.  Ame- 

rica, Cuming.)     [Cape  St.  Lucas  List,  no.  166.] 

6.  Bulimus  proteus,  Brod.    One  large  and  many  young  specimens ;  Cape  St.  Lucas, 

Xantm.     (Mountains  of  Peru,  teste  Pfeiffer.)     [C.  S.  L.,  no.  167.] 

7.  Bulimus  Xantusi,  n.s.     Promontory  of  St.  Lucas.     4  sp.     Xantus.     [No.  168.1. 

8.  Bulimus  artemisia,  n.s.     Promontory  of  St.  Lucas.     1  sp.,  on  small  species  of 

Artemisia ;  Xantus.     [C.  S.  L.,  no.  169.] 

9.  Bulimus  jnlula}  n.s.    Todos  Santos  Mission  and  Margarita  Is.,  in  rocky  spots 

under  mosses,  not  uncommon,  Xantus.  Resembles  B.sujflatus,jun.  [No.  170.] 

10.  Bulimus  incendens,  n.s.     In  great  numbers  with  B.  pallidior,  Sby.,  climbing 

high  "  copal "  or  copaiva  trees,  on  dry  hills  800-1000  ft.  high ;  Cape  St. 
Lucas,  Margarita  Bay,  Xantus.     Resembles  B.  excelsus,  Gld.     [No.  171.] 

11.  Pedipes  lirata,  Binn.    Cape  St.  Lucas,  Xantus.    [C.  S.  L.,  no.  172.] 

116 


OX  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  631 

110.  At  the  time  of  the  preparation  of  the  first  Report,  not  a  single 
naturalist  was  known  in  Europe  to  be  resident  on  the  western  slope  of  North 
America,  to  whom  communications  could  be  addressed  on  the  subject  of  it. 
There  was,  however,  even  at  that  time,  a  "  Californian  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences,"  which  met  at  S.  Francisco,  and  published  its  '  Proceedings.'  This 
Academy  is  now  in  a  flourishing  condition,  under  the  presidency  of  Col.  L» 
Ransom.  The  general  zoological  department  is  under  the  care  of  Dr.  J".  G, 
Cooper;  the  shells  under  that  of  Dr.  J.  B.  Trask,  Vice- President  of  the  Academy, 
whose  name  has  already  appeared  in  Judge  Cooper's  Report,  anted,  p.  597 ; 
and  the  fossils  under  that  of  Mr.  "W.  M.  Gabb.  The  corresponding  secretary 
is  Dr.  W.  0.  Ayres ;  and  the  librarian  Prof.  J.  D.  Whitney,  the  director  of 
the  State  Geological  Survey.  Already  the  nucleus  has  been  formed  of  a  very 
valuable  collection,  many  of  the  critical  species  in  which  have  been  sent  to 
England  for  identification.  The  coasting- trade  between  S.  Francisco  and 
many  stations  in  L.  California,  the  Gulf,  and  the  Mexican  coast,  offers  pecu- 
liar facilities  for  obtaining  valuable  information.  Two  of  the  contributprs  to 
the  Californian  Academy  require  special  and  grateful  mention.  Dr.  Wesley 
Newcomb  (whose  labours  had  greatly  enriched  the  State  Collection  at  his 
native  city,  Albany,  New  York,  and  whose  researches  among  the  Achatinellce 
in  the  Sandwich  Islands  are  well  known)  is  stationed  at  Oakland,  near  Fran- 
cisco, and  has  already  furnished  valuable  papers,  an  abstract  of  which  is  here 
given,  as  well  as  emendations  and  additions  to  the  British  Association  Report, 
which  are  included  in  their  appropriate  places*.  The  Rev.  J.  Rowell  has  long 
been  a  regular  correspondent  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  and  has  sub- 
mitted the  whole  of  his  West-coast  collections  for  analysis.  He  has  dis- 
played peculiar  industry  in  searching  for  small  species  on  the  backs  of  the 
larger  shells,  especially  the  Haliotids  of  the  Californian  coast,  and  the  Ostrea 
iridescens,  which  is  imported  in  large  quantities  from  Acapulco  for  the  San 
Francisco  market  f. 

In  the  <  Proc.  California  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.,'  vol.  i.  pp.  28-30,  Feb.  1855,  Dr. 
J.  B.  Trask  published  descriptions  of  Anodonta  Kandalli,  Trask,  Upper  San 
Joaquin  ;  Anodonta  triangularis,  Trask,  Sacramento  River ;  Anodonta  rotund- 
ovata,  Trask,  Sacramento Vallejr ;  AlasmodontaYubaensis, Trask,  Yuba River. 

In  the  <  Ann.  Lye.  N.  H.  New  York,'  vol.  vii.  1860,  p.  146,  Dr.  Newcomb 
describes  the  first  Pupa  found  on  the  Pacific  slope,  viz.  Pupa  Rowellii,  Newc. 
Near  Oakland,  Cal.  "  Approaches  nearest  to  P.  ovata,  Say." 

*  The  "  Chiton  amiculatus"  Newc.,  MS.,  =  Cn/pfochiton  Stelleri.  "  Rare  near  S.  Fran- 
cisco ;  somewhat  more  abundant  in  the  Bay  of  Monterey."  His  "  Panopasa  generosa"  in 
the  Albany  Museum,  was  found  to  be  Schizothcerus  Nuttallii. 

t  As  an  instance  of  the  way  in  which  mistakes  arise,  may  be  placed  on  record  a  series 
of  shells  sent  to  Mr.  Rousseau,  of  Troy,  New  York,  by  Mr.  Hilman,  formerly  of  that 
city,  now  a  resident  at  San  Francisco.  They  were  sent  as  Californian  ;  yet,  of  the  thirty- 
four  species  which  it  contained,  only  one  could  be  called  a  native  of  that  province.  All 
the  rest  were  tropical,  and  of  that  peculiar  character  which  belongs  to  Acapulco.  No 
doubt,  the  gentleman  had  obtained  them  from  a  trader  to  that  city.  If  only  a  few  species 
had  been  sent,  mixed  with  Californian  shells,  they  might  have  puzzled  the  learned ;  for  they 
were  obtained,  on  the  spot,  by  a  gentleman  of  known  integrity.  As  it  was,  the  magnitude  of 
the  error  led  to  its  discovery  :  but  in  how  many  similar  cases  such  error  is  thought  impos- 
sible!— Strigilla  earn  aria ;  Donax  carinatus,  puncto-striatus ;  Heterod.  bimaculatus;  Cal- 
lista  aurantia,  chioncea  ;  Petr.  robusfa ;  Card,  consors,  biangulatum ;  Liocard.  apicinum ; 
Trigona  radiata,  Hindsii;  Anom.  subimbricata;  Lima  tetrica;  Siphonaria  gigas,  lecanium-, 
Patella  discors,  pediculus;  Fiss.  rugosa;  Cruc.  imbricatum,  spinosum,  umbrella;  Crcp. 
acirfeata;  Hipp,  antiquatus,  barbatus;  Cerith.  uncinatum;  Modulus  disculus',  Nat>ca 
maroccana,  catenata ;  Pohnices  uber ;  Leuc.  cingulata  ;  JEneta  harpa ;  Purp.  triangularis. 
The  single  shell  from  the  temperate  fauna  is  Glyphis  aspera, 

117 


632  REPORT — 1863. 

In  the  'Ann.  Lye.  N.  H.  New  York,'  1861,  p.  287,  the  Eev.  J.  Rowell,  of 
San  Francisco,  describes  the  second  species  of  Pupa*  discovered  on  the 
western  slope,  viz.  "  P.  Califomica,  How.,  San  Francisco  :  plentiful." 

On  February  4th,  1861,  Dr.  Wesley  Newcomb  published  (Latin)  dia- 
gnoses of  the  following  Californian  Pulmonates  in  the  ;  Proceedings  of  the 
Cal.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.,'  vol.  ii.  pp.  91-94.  A  second  Part  bears  date  March  ISth, 
pp.  103, 104. 

Page. 

91.  Helix  Bridgesii,  Newc.  San  Pablo,  Cal.  Isp.  Distinct  from  all  described  forms. 
„    Helix  Traskiiy  Newc.     Los  Angelos,  Cal.     "  Distinguished  from  H.  Thonarsii 

at  a  glance." 

92.  Vitrina  Pfeiferi,  Newc.    Carson  Valley.     More  rounded  than  diaphana,  Drap. 
94.  Pisidium  occidental,  Newc.     Ocean  House,  S.  Francisco,  Rowell. 

103.  Helix  Carpetiteri,  Newc.     Tulare  Valley,  Mus.  Cal.  Ac.     Belongs  to  the  Cy- 

clostomoid  group,  and  has  the  aspect  of  a  desert  species.     [Quite  distinct 
from  H.  Carpenteriana,  Bland,  Florida.] 

„    Helix  Ayresiana,  Newc.     Northern  Oregon  ;   Mus.  Cal.  Ac.     Resembles  H. 
reticulata,  Pfr.,  a  Californian  species  not  identified  by  the  author. 

104.  Physa  costata,  Newcomb.     Clear  Lake,  Cal.,  Veatch,  Mus.  Cal.  Ac. 

In  the  <  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Philadelphia,  1861,'  pp.  367-372,  Mr.  W.  M. 
Gabb  published  "  Descriptions  of  New  Species  of  American  Tertiary  Fossils," 
in  which  occur  several  Californian  shells.  The  authorities  for  the  localities 
are  not  given,  and  the  diagnoses  are  in  English  only.  Considerable  confusion 
often  arises  from  the  study  of  tertiary  fossils  without  knowledge  of  recent 
shells,  and  vice  versa.  Mr.  Gabb's  writings  on  the  Cretaceous  fossils  of  Ame- 
rica display  an  ability  with  which  this  paper  is  perhaps  not  commensurate. 
Some  errors  which  had  been  found  very  difficult  to  understand  are  here  cor- 
rected by  the  author  himself,  who  regrets  the  incompleteness  of  his  earlier 
work. 

368.  Turbonilla  aspera,  Gabb.     Sta.  Barbara,  Miocene.     [=ltt#n0n,sp.,teste  Gabb, 

MS.] 

„  Modelia  striata,  Gabb.  Sta.  Barbara,  ?  Miocene.  [  =  Lacuna  carinata,  Gld. 
teste  Gabb  MS.  and  specimens.  Mr.  Gabb  considers  that  Litorina  Ptdroana 
Conr.,  is  the  same  species,  which  is  probably  not  correct.] 

369.  Sphenia  lilirata,  Gabb.      Sta.  Barbara.      [Description  accords  with  Saxicaxa 

arctica,  jun.,  var. ;  but  Mr.  Gabb  considers  it  a  good  species.] 
„     Venus  rhysomia,  Gabb.     ?  Miocene,  Sta.  Barbara.     [=zPsep1ns  tantilla,  Gld., 

teste  Gabb  MS.  and  specimens.] 

871.  Cardita  monilicosta.     ?  Miocene,  Sta.   Barbara.     [Description  accords  with 
Venericardia  ventricosa,  Gld.  jun. ;  but  Mr.  Gabb  considers  it  a  good  species.] 
„    Morrisia  Hornii.      ?  Miocene.     Sta.  Barbara.     "  First  pointed  out   Dy  Dr. 
Horn  in  a  rich  fossiliferous  marl,  and  not  uncommon." 

In  the  «  Proceedings  of  the  Calif.  Ac,  Nat.  Sc.'  for  April  7th,  1862,  pp.  170- 
172,  Mr.  W.  M.  Gabb  published  detailed  English  "  Descriptions  of  two  Specie , 
of  Cephalopoda  in  the  Museum  of  the  Academy,"  of  which  one,  Onychoteuthis 
•fusiformis,  is  said  to  be  from  Cape  Horn,  the  other  from  California. 

170.  Octopus  punctatus,  Gabb.  Common  near  San  Francisco.  Also  abundant  in 
Scammon's  Lagoon,  Lower  California,  Capt.  C.  M.  Scammon.  Arms  more 
than  seven  feet  long,  Dr.  W.  O.  Ayres.  "  Differs  from  O.  megalocyathns, 

*  That  the  race  of  small  Pupa  is  very  ancient  on  the  North  American  continent,  as  in 
Europe,  is  evident  from  the  very  interesting  discovery,  by  Prof,  pawson,  of  a  fossil  Pupt>, 
in  situ,  nestling  in  an  upright  tree,  fossilized  in  the*  Nova  Scotian  coal-beds;  which  can 
scarcely  be  distinguished,  even  specifically,  from  some  living  forms. 

118 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  633 

Page. 

Couth.,  E.  E.  Moll.  p.  471,  in  absence  of  lateral  membrane,  size  of  mouth  and 
cupules,' and  general  coloration." 

171.  Onychoteuthis  fusiformis,  Gabb.  u  Cape  Horn/'  Mus.  Ac.  [San  Clemente 
Is.,  Gal.,  Cooper,  MS.] 

From-  the  '  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  N.  S.,'  1863,  p.  11,  it  appears  that  at  least  one 
mollusc,  a  Teredo  or  Xylotrya,  has  already  established  for  itself  an  economic 
celebrity.  Piles  have  been  entirely  destroyed  in  six  months  from  the  time 
they  were  placed  in  the  water. 

On  March  2,  1863,  Mr.  Auguste  Remond  published,  in  the  same  Journal, 
English  "  Descriptions  of  two  new  Species  of  Bivalves  from  the  Tertiaries  of 
Contra  Costa  County: " — 

13.  Cardium  Gabbii,  Rem.  Late  tert.  deposit  near  Kirker's  Pass,  in  shelly  sand, 
with  Tapes  regular-is,  Gabb,  and  Murex  ponderosus,  Gabb,  both  extinct. 
"  Easily  recognized  by  heavy  hinge  and  enormous  laterals  j  lunule  cari- 
nated."  [?  Liocardiwn.~\ 

„      Ostrea  Bourgeoisii,  Rem.    Same  locality. 

On  April  20,  1863,  Dr.  Cooper  described  (in  English)  the  following  mol- 
lusc, of  which  the  only  species  previously  known  is  from  Cuba  : — 

21.  Gundlacliia  Californica,  Rowell.  Fig.  5  (three  views).  Fifty  specimens  on 
water-plants  in  clear,  stagnant  ponds,  at  Marysville,  leather  River,  Roicell. 

On  January  8,  1864,  Dr.  Newcomb  described  (in  Latin)  the  following, 
with  other  Pulmonates  from  the  State  Survey,  already  tabulated  in  p.  609  : — 

115.  Helix  Hillebrandi,  Newc.  Tuolumne  Co.,  Cal.  One  recent  and  several  fossi 
shells,  M.  Voy.  Like  H.  Thouarsii,  but  depressed  and  hirsute. 

The  latest  contribution  to  the  malacology  of  California  is  one  of  the  most 
interesting.  It  is  described  (in  Latin)  by  Dr.  Newcomb,  Feb.  1,  1864  : — 

121.  Pedicularia  Californica,  Newc.  One  specimen  from  coral  growing  on  a  mon- 
ster Ecliidnocerus,  very  tieep  water,  Farallones  Is.,  D.  N.  Robinson.  "  As 
beautiful  as  P.  eleyantissima,  Desh.,  from  Is.  Bourbon."  [Mr.  Pease  also  ob- 
tained a  deep-water  Pedicularia  from  coral  in  the  Pacific  Is.,  which  Mr. 
Cuming  affiliated  to  the  Mediterranean  P.  Sicula.  Dr.  Gould  (Otia,  p.  215) 
also  describes  P.  decussata,  coast  of  Georgia,  400  fm.,  U.  S.  Coast  Survey.] 

111.  The  following  descriptions  of  species,  and  notes  on  habitats  and 
synonymy,  have  been  collated  from  various  American  scientific  periodicals, 
chiefly  by  the  assistance  of  Mr.  Binney's  '  Bibliography.' 

In  the  '  American  Journal  of  Science  and  Art,'  0.  S.,  vol.  xxxviii.  p.  396, 
April  1840,  Dr.  A.  A.  Gould  records  the  following  species,  said  to  be  from 
"  California."  His  Trochus  vittatus  is  not  known  : — 

Murex  tricolor  et  bicolor.  Trochus  vittatus. 

Cardium  Califomianum.  \      Bulimus  undatus. 

In  the  '  Annals  of  the  New  York  Lyceum  of  Natural  History/  vol.  iv 
1846,  No.  5,  p.  165,  Mr.  John  H.  Redfield  first  described  Triton  Oregonense. 
Straits  of  San  Juan  de  Fuca  :  plate  11.  fig.  2. 

In  the  '  Proceedings  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,' 
1848,  vol.  iv.  p.  121,  Mr.  T.  A.  Conrad  described  new  genera,  and  gave  notes  oc 
Parapholas  Californica,  Cryptomya  Californica,  and  Psammobia  Calif  arnica, 
altering  Osteodesma  hyalina  (nom.  preoc.)  into  Lyonsia  Floridana.  In  the 
same  work,  March  1854,  vol.  vii.,  Mr.  Conrad  described  Cyathodonta  undulata, 
He  also  states  that  Gnctthodon  trigonum.  Petit,  is  probably  identical  with  G 
Lecontei,  Conr.  [?]  (nom.  prior),  and  alters  genus  Triyonella  to  Pachydesma. 

119 


634  REPORT— 18G3. 

In  the  <Proc.  Boston  Ac.  Nat.  Hist./  July  1851,  vol.  iv.  p.  27,  Dr.  A.  A. 
Gould  published  "  Notes  on  California!!  Shells,"  and,  in  vol.  vi.  p.  11,  described 
Helix  ramentosa,  California,  and  Helix  damascenus,  from  the  desert  east  of 
California. 

In  the  'Proceedings  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.,'  April  1856,  vol.  viii.  pp.  80,  81, 
Dr.  Isaac  Lea  described  the  following  species  of  new  freshwater  shells  from 
California : — 

Pompholyx  effusa.     Sacramento  River. 
Melania  Shastaensis.     Shasta  and  Scott  Rivers. 
Melania  nigrina.     Clear  Creek,  Shasta  Co. 
Physa  triticea.     Shasta  Co. 
Planorbis  Traskii.     Kern  Lake,  Tulan  Co. 
Lymncea  proximo,.    Arroya,  St.  Antonio. 
Ancylus  patelloides.     Sacramento  River. 

and  offered  notes  on 

Margaritana  margaritifera,  Lea,  =  Alasmodonta  falcata,  Gld.  ^Alasmodonta 

Yubaensis,  Trask.    Klamath  and  Yuba. 
Anodonta  W~ahlamatetisis}J-jea,,  =  A.  triangidata,  Trask, -f- A.  rotundovata,  Trask. 

Sacramento  River. 
Anodonta  angulata,  Lea,-f  .4.  feminalis,  Gld., +.4.  EandalK,   Trask.     Upper 

San  .Toaquin. 

Helix  OregonensiSj  Lea.     Point  Cypress,  Monterey  Co. 
Helir  Nickliniana,  Lea.     Tomales"  Bay  and  Dead 'Man's  Island. 
Helix  Calif orniensis.  Lea.     Point  Cypress. 
Li/nm&a  exigua,  Lea.     San  Antonio  Arroya. 
Li/mncea  pallida,  Ad.     San  Antonio  Arroya. 
Phifsa  heterostropha,  Say.     Los  Angeles. 
Hldania  occata,  Hds.     Sacramento  River. 
Melania  (Paludind)  seminalis,  Hds.     Sacramento  River. 
Planorbis  trivolvis,  Say.     Horn  Lake. 
Planorbis  ammon,  Gld.     Lagoons,  Sacramento  Valley. 

In  the  New  Series  of  the  'Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Philadelphia'  occur  descriptions 
and  notes  on  species,  as  under : — 

1857,      Feb.     18.       Helix  intercisa,  W.  G.  Bin.,= II.  Nickliniana}  Bin.  sen.,  var. 

Oregon. 
1857.        „        19.       Succinea  lineata,  W.  G.  Bin.     Nebraska. 

1857,  June.  165.       Mr.  T.  A.  Conrad  described  the  genus  Gonidca  for  A.  angu- 

lata,  Lea  j  and  for  Gonidca  JRandalii,  Trask,  and  Gonidea 
feminalis,  Gld.  ;  regarding  the  three  species  as  probably 
distinct.  [Dr.  Lea,  however,  considers  them  varietal.] 

1858.  March.  41.       Dr.  I.  Lea  described  Planorbis  Ncicbcrryi.     Klamath  Lake 

and  Canoe  Creek,  California. 

1860.     March.  23.       Melania  Neivberryi,  Lea.     Upper  Des  Chutes  River,  Oregon, 
Newberry. 

In  the  "  Notes  on  Shells,  with  Descriptions  of  New  Genera  and  Species,"  by 
T.  A.  Conrad,  reprinted  from  the  « Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.,'  Aug.  1849,  are 
given  the  following  synonyms,  pp.  213,  214 : — 

Petricola  Californica,  Conr.,=  Saxicava  (?.,  Conr.,=  P.  arcuata,  Desh. 
Petricola  carditoides,  Conr.,=  Saxicava  c.,  Conr.,=P.  cylindracea,  Desh. 
Siliqua  Nicttallii,  Com'.,s=Solecurtit8  N.,  Conr.,=»SWecw^s  maximus,  Gld.,  non 

Wood,  —Solen  splendens,  Chenu. 
Siliqiia  lucida,   Com'.}=Sokcurttts  1..  ConT.}=Solecurtus  radiatus,  Gld.,  non 

Linn.  12Q 


OX  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  635 

In  his  "  Synopsis  of  the  Genera  Parapholas  and  Penitella,"  from  the  same 
source,  p.  335,  are  given  as  synonyms — 

Parapholas  Californica,  Conr.,  =zPholas  C.,  Conr.,  =Pholas  Janelli,  Desh. 
Penitella  Conradi,  Val.,  =Pkolas  penita,  Conr.,  —Pholas  concamerata,  Desh. 
Penitella  inelanura^  Sbyv  =.Penitella  Wilsoni,  Conr.  (not  Parapholas  bisulcata). 

In  the  elaborate  but  somewhat  intricate  "  Monograph  of  the  Order  PTiola- 
dacea"  <fec.,  by  G.  W.  Tryon,  jun.,  Philadelphia,  1862,  the  following  species 
f  are  quoted  from  the  "West  Coast,  and  form  the  conclusion  of  the  marine  shells 
J   hitherto  described,  so  far  as  known  to  the  writer : — 

Page. 

49.  Rocellaria  \Gastr  oclicena]  ovata,  Sby.  Panama,  W.  I.,  and  Charleston,  Stimp- 
son.  "  Not  the  slightest  difference  between  the  Pacific  and  Atlantic  speci- 
mens." 

74.  Pholas  (  Cyrtopleura)  truncate,  Say.  Massachusetts  j  S.  Carolina ;  Payta,  Peru, 
Ruschenberger ;  Chili. 

77.  Dactylina  (Gitocentrum)  Chiloensis,  King,  1832,  =  Ph.  laqueata,  Sby.,  1849. 
Peru,  Chili  [Panama,  Jeivetf].  Scarcely  differs  from  D.  Campechensis.= 
Ph.  oUongata,  Say,  =Ph.  Candeana,  D'Orb.;  Southern  U.  S.,  W.I. 

82.  Navea  subo'lobosa,  Gray,  Ann.  N.  H.  1851,  vol.  viii.  p.  385.  California.  ["In 
a  hole  in  a  shell.  Cabinet  Gray."  Neither  shell  nor  authority  stated.] 

85.  Pholadidea  (Hatasia}  ntelanttra,  Sby.  Lower  California,  =  Pen itella  Wilsonii, 
Com-.,  J.  A.  N.  Sc.  Ph.,  fig.  4  (non  5).  "  This  error  in  figuring  led  Dr. 
Gray  to  misunderstand  both  the  species  and  Conrad's  idea  of  the  genua 
Penitella."  [  Vide  Brit.  Assoc.  Rep.  1856,  p.  265.] 

87.  Penitella  penita.      [Mr.   Tryon  erroneously  quotes  (Netastoma)  Darwinii,  as 

well  as  Ph.  cornea,  as  synonyms.] 

88.  Joiiannetia   (Pholadopsis)  pectinata,   Conr.,=  Triomphalia  ptdcherrima,  Sby. 

"  California  "  [no  authority],  W.  Columbia. 

127.  "  Pholas  retifer,  Morch,  Mai.  Blatt.  vii.  177,  Dec.  1860.  One  broken  right 
valve.  Hob.  Real Llejos."  =  Dactylina  (Gitocentruni)  Chiloensis, King  [teste 
Tryon]. 

112.  The  following  Table  contains  a  complete  list  of  all  the  Molluscs  which 
have  been  identified,  from  Vancouver  Island  to  S.  Diego,  arranged  so  as  to 
show  at  the  same  time  their  habitat,  and  the  principal  collectors  who  have 
obtained  them.  The  species  in  the  first  column  were  obtained  by  Prof. 
Nuttall;  in  the  second,  by  Col.  Jewett.  The  third  column  (marked  B.A.) 
contains  the  species  tabulated  from  other  sources  in  the  First  Report.  Those 
to  the  right  of  the  double  column  are  the  fresh  explorations  recorded  in  this 
Supplementary  Report.  The  fourth  column  contains  the  shells  brought  by 
the  Pacific  Railroad  Expeditions,  as  well  as  the  species  sent  to  the  officers  of 
the  Smithsonian  Institution  by  the  Rev.  J.  Rowell  and  their  various  corre- 
spondents. The  fifth  column  ('  Ken.')  contains  the  species  of  the  American, 
and  the  sixth  ('  Lord ')  of  the  British  Nort/i  Pacific  Boundary  Survey.  The 
•  seventh  records  the  collections  of  Mr.  Swan  and  his  Indian  children ;  the 
last,  those  of  Dr.  Cooper  in  the  California!!  Geological  Survey.  As  a  largo 
proportion  of  the  species  are  as  yet  unknown,  and  the  diagnoses  will  be  found 
scattered  in  various  periodicals,  some  of  which  are  rarely  accessible  in  this 
country,  it  has  been  judged  needful  to  add  a  few  words  of  description,  with 
references  to  well-known  books.  By  this  means  the  student  will  have  before 
him  a  compact  handbook  of  the  fauna,  and  will  distinguish  at  a  glance  the 
range  of  localities,  and  the  amount  of  authority  for  each.  For  the  full 
synonymy,  the  previous  pages  of  the  two  Reports  must  be  consulted, 

121 


636 


REPORT 1863. 


Results  of  the  Explorations  in  the  Vancouver  and  Caltfomian  Province.  1864. 

(Omitting  the  doubtfully  located  and  undetermined  species.) 
The  letters  stand  for  the  localities  in  which  the  shells  were  collected,  as 
follows : — 


V.  Vancouver  Island,  Straits  ^  of  ^  S. 
Juan  de  Fuca,  and  adjoining 
shores  of  Washington  Territory, 
formerly  known  as  '  Oregon.' 

P.  Puget's  Sound  and  the  neighbour- 
hood. 

O.  Oregon ;  and  the  region  on  each  side 
of  the  Columbia  River. 

C.  California ;  or  the  district  north  of 
the  peninsula,  generally. 

L.  Peninsula  of  Lower  California. 

F.  Neighbourhood  of  S.  Francisco. 


M.  Neighbourhood  of  Monterey. 

B.  „  Sta.  Barbara. 

D.  The  region  between  S.  Diei>o  and 

S.  Pedro. 

I.  The  islands  :  in  the  4th  column, 
generally  the  Farallones ;  in  the 
last,  the"  Sta.  Barbara  group. 

H.  Species  obtained  from  the  bucks  of 
Haliotids  ;  locality  unknown  j 
probably  Lower  California. 

fr.  Fragments  only. 
fos.  Only  found  fossil. 


Nutt. 

Jew. 

B.  A. 

Smiths.  Ins. 

Ken. 

Lord. 

Swan. 

Cooper.    | 

Defrancia  intricata    

— 

— 

D 

— 

— 

— 

— 

D 
BD 

2.  Rhynconella  psittacea  
3.  Terebratula  unguiculus  .... 
4.  Waldheimia  pulvinata  

— 

— 

P 

C 

— 

P 

V 

V 

V 

MB 
I 

Q   Grayi                   

__ 



I 

7.  Terebratella  Coreanica  
8           -  caurina 

— 

— 

P 

— 

P 

V 

V 
V 

pi 

9.  Xylotrya  pennatifera     
10   —  -  —  fimbriata           

— 

— 

i 

V 

V 

Guide  to  the  Diagnosis  of  the  Vancouver  and  Californian  Shells. 

Class  POLYZOA.     Family  Discoporidce. 

Defrancia  intricata,  Busk.    Maz.  Cat.  no.  13.     From  Southern  fauna    The  re- 
maining species  in  this  class  have  not  yet  been  determined. 

Class  PALLIOBRANCHIATA.     Family  Lingulidce. 

1.  Lingula  albida,  Hds.  Voy.  Sulph.  ;  Rve.,  Hani.,  Davidson  et  auct.    20  fin.  c.  Cp. 

Family  Rhynconellidce. 

2.  Khynconella  psittacea,  Linn.  auct.     E.  &  \V.  Atlantic  :  circumpolar. 

Family  Terebratulidee. 

3.  Terebratula  unguiculus,  n.  s.     Like  Terebratella  caput  serpentis  in  size,  shape,  and 

sculpture  ;  but  loop  incomplete  in  adult,  as  in  T.  vitrea.     6-20  fin.  not  r.  Cp. 

4.  Waldheimia  pulvinata,  Old.     E.E.   Smooth,  subglobular,  ashy.     80  fm.,  living, 

Cp.,  CI. 
C.  ?  Waldheimia  California,  Koch,  non  auct.    Colour  ashy.    Intermediate  between 

Coreanica  and  alobosa,  Lam.,  Rve.  (which  is  Californica,  auct.  non  Koch). 
0.   Waldheimia  Grayi,  Davidson.     Very  transverse,  reddish,  deeply  ribbed. 

of  ( 


. 

7.  Terebratella  Coreanica,  Ad.  &  Rve.  Voy.  Samarang. 
Old.     J\in.?=frontalis,  Midd.,  Asia. 


Size  of  (jlobosa;  reddish. 

8.  Terebratella  caurina,  Gld.  E.E.    Like  dorsata  ;  subtriangular,  ashy,  with  strong 
or  faint  ribs. 

Class  LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.    Familv  Teredidte. 


9.  Xylotrya  pennatifera,  Blainv.  Ann.  Nat.  Hist.  1860,  p.  126. 
10.  Xylotryafimbridta,  Jetfr.  in  / 
*  Tj«JLi    ,   .~  T  «™   m,;i 


Ilanl.,  non  Lam.  Phil. 


Ann.  Nat.  Hist.  18GO,  p.  I26;mjpalntittatat  Fbs.  & 
122 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OP  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


637 


Nutt. 

Jew. 

B.A. 

Smiths.  Ins. 

Ken. 

Lord. 

Swan. 

Cooper. 

11    Zirphrea  crispata        

B 
B 

B 
B 

B 
D 

M 

B 
B 

c 

D 
M 

"c 

CL 
P 
P 
C 

C 
C 

VOFMB 
H 

I 

MCH 
PF 

FD 
F 
OFM 

P 
P 

P 
P 

P 
P 

P 
P 

V 
V 

V 

PV 

V 

V 

V 

V 

D/K 
MD 
M 
C 

D 
D 
D 

FBI 
B 
D 

D 
BI 

13    ovoidea        

14.  Netastoma  Darwinii     .... 
15   Martesia  intercalata  

16.  Parapholas  Californica.  .  .  . 
17    Saxicava  pholadis  

18   Glycimeris  generosa  .... 

19.  Mya  truncata  

20.  Platyodon  cancellatus  .... 
21.  Cryptomya  Californica     .  . 
22.  Schizothaerus  Nuttalli  .... 
23    Darina  declivis 

24    Corbula  luteola    

25.  Sphsenia  ovoidea    
26   Nesera  pectinata    

Family  Pholadidfe. 

11.  Zirphesa  crispata,  Linn.  auct.     E.  &  W.  Atlantic  and  circumpolar. 

12.  Pholadidea  penita,  Conr.  Hani.  auct.  =  concamerata,  Desh.    Shape  from  elongate 

to  ovoid  ;  umbonal  reflexion  closely  adherent. 

13.  Pholadidea  ovoidea,  Gld.  Otia.      Umbonal  reflexion  with  anterior  opening. 

14.  Netastoma  Darwinii,  Sby.     New  submenus :  valves  prolonged,  like  duck's  bill 

instead  of  cups.     Surface  with  concentric  frills.     Quoted  from  "  S.  A." 

15.  Martesia  intercalata,  Cpr.  Maz.  Cat.  no.  19.     From  Southern  fauna. 

16.  Parapholas  Californica,  Conr.  Hani.  auct. = P.  Janellii,  Desh.     Very  large  j 

with  layers  of  thin,  short  cups. 

Family  Saxicavida. 

17.  Saxicava  pholadis,  Linn.  auct.-J-var.  arctica,  Linn.  auct.  Maz.  Cat.  no.  23-f-var. 

gastrochcenoidea,  ovoid  and  gaping  like  Maz.  Cat.  no.  21-fvar.  legumen,  Desh., 
elongate,  cylindrical,  scarcely  gaping. 

18.  Glycimeris  generosa,  Gld.  E.E.     Perhaps  =  Panopcea  Faujasii,  S.  Wood,  Crag 

Moll. :  pipes  like  Saxicava. 

Family  Myada. 

19.  Mya  truncata,  Linn.  auct.  =  M.  prcecisa,  Gld.v   Atlantic  :  circumpolar. 

20.  Platyodon  cancellatus,  Conr.  Hani.    Pipe-ends  4-valved.    Low  water :  common. 

Sold  in  S.  Francisco  market,  Cp. 

21.  Cryptomya  Californica,  Conr.     Outside  like  young  Mya;  mantle-bend  nearly 

obsolete. 

Subfamily  Lutrarinee. 

22.  Schizotharus  Nuttalli,  Conr.  -f  Tresvs  maximus,  Midd.  Gray=Z.  capax,  Gld. 

Shape  from  ovoid  to  elongate ;  very  large  and  tumid ;  beaks  swollen ;  hinge- 
sides  channeled ;  mantle-bend  joined  to  ventral  line. 

23.  Darina  declivis,  n.  s.    Outside  like  Macheera.    Cartilage-pits  produced,  gaping. 

Family  Corbulida. 

24.  Corbula  luteola,  n.  s.     Shape  of  young  biradiata ;  small,  ashy  yellow.    Com.  Cp. 

25.  Sphania  ovoidea,  n.  s.    Siphonal  area  small ;  front  excurved ;  mantle-bend  large. 

26.  Necera  pectitwta,  n.  s.     Principal  ribs  about  12 :  beak  smooth.     Like  sulcata, 

40-60  fm.  Cp. 

123 


638 


REPORT— 18G3. 


Nutt 

Jew. 

B.A. 

Smiths.  Ins. 

Ken. 

Lord. 

Swan. 

Cooper. 

27.  Clidiophora  pimctata    .... 
28    Kennerlia  filosa       

B 

— 

— 

—  ' 

P 

— 

V 

D 







,  „ 



I 

30.  Periploma  argentaria    .... 
3i    Thracia  curta           

D 
B 

— 

— 

— 

P 

— 

v 

D 

39    Lyonsia  Califomica 

B 

B 

PC 

P 

v 

MD 

83.  Entodesma  saxicola  .  . 
34.  intiata  
35.  Mytilimeria  Nuttalli     
86    Plectodon  scaber         . 

C 

r 

I 

D 

P 

V 

V 
V 

D 
I 

37    Solen  sicarius       

P 

P 

P 



v 

37  b.  v.  rosaceus    



B 

___ 

D 

38.  Solecurtus  Californianus  .  . 
39    •  —  subteres 

B 
B 

B 
B 

C 

n 

— 

— 

— 

— 

D 
D 

40    Machsera  patula       

OB 

F 

Of! 

VOF 





v 

D 

41.  Sanguinolaria  Nuttalli  .... 
42.  Psammobia  rubroradiata  .  . 

D 
C 

c  ! 

P 

— 

V 

DI 
D 

Family  Pandoridce. 

27.  Clidiophora  punctata,  n.  g.     (Type  of  genus = Pandora  claviculata,  P.  Z.  S.  1855, 

p.  228.)     Teeth  f ,  posterior  long,  with  ossicle.     Conr.  sp.  j  like  Cl.  trilineata, 
out  teeth  more  divergent ;  inside  strongly  punctate. 

28.  Kennerliafilosa,  n.  s.     New  subgenus  of  Pandora  with  ossicle :  outer  layer  ra- 

diately  grooved.     Shell  "beaked. 

29.  Kennerlia  bicarinata,  n.  s.     Not  beaked ;  2  post,  keels  in  convex  valve.  40-60 

fm.  r.  Cp.     May  prove=P.  bilirata,  Conr. 

Family  Anatinida. 

30.  Periploma  argentaria,  Conr.  Hani.     Large,  subquadrate. 

31.  Thracia  curta,  Conr.  Hani.     Strong,  subovate. 

32.  Lyonsia  Califomica,  Conr.  Hani. -\-bracteata-{-nitida,Gld.  Outline  variable :  often 

close  to  Atlantic  L.  Floridana :  striated  external  layer  fugacious. 

33.  Entodesma  saxicola,  Baird.     Subgenus  of  Lyonsia :  animal  nestling,  irregular. 

Close  to  E.  cuneata,  Ad.  &  Rve.     Form  protean :  brittle,  thick,  lurid,  with 
enormous  ossicle.     Var.  cylindracea  has  the  form  of  Saxicava  pholadis. 

34.  Entodesma  inflata,  Conr.  =  diaphana,  Cpr.  P.Z.  S.  1855,  p.  228.    From  Southern 

fauna.     Like  picta,  but  pale,  without  pinch. 

35.  Mytilimeria  Nuttalli,  Conr.  Hani.     ?  Subgenus  of  Lyonsia :  rounded,  with  spiral 

umbos. 

36.  Plectodon  sealer,  n.  g.,n.  s.    Shape  of  Theora :  dorsal  margins  twisted-in  spirally 

inside  umbos.     Lateral  teeth  laminated,  with  internal  cartilage  hidden,  ap- 
pressed.     2  r.  valves,  40-60  fm.  Cp. 

Family  Sotenida. 

37.  Solen  sicarius,  Gld.  Otia.     Nearly  straight,  rather  short,  truncated. 

376.  Solen  ?  var.  rosaceus.     Straight,  narrower,  longer,  smaller  j  glossy,  rosy. 

Family  Solecurtida. 

38.  Solecurtus  Californianus,  Conr.  Hani.     May  be  a  var.  of  the  Peruvian  VDombcyi. 

Yellowish  ash,  with  ventral  parallel  grooves.  A  ?var.  without  grooves  closely 

resembles  gibbus. 

30.  Solec'trtiw  sxbteres,  Conr.  Hani.     Small,  compact,  with  violet  rays. 
40!  Machcera  patula,  l)ixon=&  maximus,  Wood=:ffrandis,  Gmel.  =  &'%wa  Nuttalli 

?+lucida,  Conr.  (var.  jun.)  Asia. 

Family  TellinidcB. 

41.  Sanyuinolaria  Nuttalli,  Conr.  Haul.  =  Psammobia  decora,  Hds.     Flat,  rounded. 
42   Psammobia  rubro-radiata,  Nutt.  •  Large :  shape  of  vespertina :  rayed  with  lilac. 

124 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.           Ooy 

Nutt. 

Jew. 

B.A. 

Smiths.  Ins. 

Ken. 

Lord. 

Swan. 

Cooper.    1 

43.  Macoma  secta    

D 
0 

OD 
0 

B 

B 

C 

00 
O 

OF 
C 

MIL 
PO 

VPOF 
0 

OF 
D 

DL 
F 
O 

D 

P 

P 
P 
P 

P 
P 
P 
P 

V 

V 

V 
V 
V 
V 

V 

v 

v 

V 
V 

D 

D 
D 
MD 
F 

FM 

D 
MI 
D 
M 
D 
D 

DI 
DI 

43  b.  v.  edulis    

45.  yoldiformis    

47.  inquinata     

48.  v.  expansa  

49    inconspicua     ....... 

50.  Angulus  modestus    
506  obtusus    

51    —  —  —  variegatus 

52    Gouldii           

53.  Maera  salmonea    .... 
54   Tellina  Bodeo-ensis 

55.  Arcopagia  lamellata  .. 
56.  (Edalia  subdiaphana  
57.  Cooperella  scintilleeformis  . 
58.  Lutricola  alba   

43.  Macoma  secfo,  Conr.  Hani.    Large, flat,  rounded,  glossy;  winged  behind  ligament. 
43  b.  Macoma  var.  edulis,  Nutt.     Northern  form,  less  transverse ;  texture  dull. 

44.  Macoma  indentata,  n.  s.     Like  secta,  jun.,  but  beaked,  indented,  and  ventrally 

produced. 

45.  Macoma  yoldiformis,  n.  s.    Small,  white,  glossy,  very  transverse ;  ligament-area 

scooped-out. 

46.  Macoma  nasuta,  Conr.  and. -\-tersa,  Gld.     Large,  beaked,  twisted;   mantle- 

bend  touching-  opposite  scar  in  one  valve.  From  Kamtschatka  to  S.  Die-zo. 
Cape  Lady  Franklin,  76°,  Belcher,  1826.  3  ft.,  mud,  between  tide-marks, 
Lord. 

47.  Macoma  inquinata,  Desh.  P.  7*.  S.  1854,  p.  357.     Like  degraded  nasuta  ;  mantle- 

bend  a  little  separated  from  scar  in  both  valves. 
47  b.  Macoma  ?edentula,  Brod.  &  Sby.  jun. ;  or  an  abnormal  var.  of  inquinata. 

48.  Macoma  ?var.  expansa.     Scars  like  lata  and  calcarea  in  Mus.  Cum.,  but  teeth 


not  bifid,  very  thin,  glossy. 
Greenland. 


Scarcely  differs  from  lata,  Desh.  in  B.  M. 


49.  Macoma  inconspicua,  Br.  &  Sby.  =  Sang.  Calif orniana,  Conr.     Probably  =  "  Fa- 
bricii=fragilis,  Fabr."  in  Mus.  Cum.     Like 


thin,  flat  solidula :  pink ;  var. 
Like  tener,  Say;  but  with  callus 


large,  white.    8-15  fm.  Lyall. 
60.  Angulus  modestus,  n.  s.   (Subg.  of  Tellina.) 

between  mantle-bend  and  scar.     "White. 
50  b.  Angulus  ?var.  obtusus.     Inside  like  modestus ;  but  beaks  obtuse. 

51.  Angulus  variegatus,  n.  s.     Shape  of  obtusus :  no  callus ;  rayed  with  pink  and 

yellow.     20-60  fm.  r.  Cp. 

52.  Angulus  Gouldii,  Hani.  MS.  in  Mus.  Cum.  Small,  white ;  ant.  ventr.  side  swollen. 

53.  Mcera  salmonea,  n.  s.   (Scarcely  differs  from  Angulus.}     Small,  subquadrate, 

glossy,  salmon-tinted.     Beach-20  fm.  Cp. 

54.  Tellina  Bodegensis,  Hinds,  Voy.  Sulph.     Large,  strong,  transverse,  with  con- 

centric grooves. 

55.  Arcopagia  lamellata,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  68.     One  fine  pair  in  shell  washings. 

56.  (Edalia  subdiaphana,  n.  g.,  n.  s.     Thin,  swollen,  shape  of  Kellia,  ligament  sur- 

rounding beaks :  hinge  with  5  bifid  teeth  (3-2)  ;  no  laterals ;  large  mantle- 
bend. 

57.  Cooperella  scintillceformis,  n.  s.     New  subgenus  of   (Edalia.     Cartilage   semi- 

internal  :  only  1  tooth  bifid. 

68.  Lutricola  alta,  Conr.  (Tellina).     For  this  group  (=  Capsa,  "Bosc,"  Add.  non 
Lam.),  scarcely  agreeing  with  either  Macoma  or  Scrobicularia,  Blainville's 

125 


640 


REPORT 18G3. 


Nutt. 

Jew. 

B.  A. 

Sin  it  hi.  Ins. 

Ki-n. 

Lord. 

Swan. 

Cooper. 

59   Semele  decisa                  .  . 

D 

D 

c 



D 





I 

D 

T) 

v 



D 



D 

63.  mcongriia  
64.  Cumingia  Californica   .... 
65.  Donax  Califomicus   
66   flexuosus    

B 
B 

D 

B 

c 

DL 



— 

— 

I 
DI 
D 

67   navicula 

D 

D 

68.  Heterodonax  bimaculatus 
69.  Standella  Californica    
(396.  nasuta   

D 
B 

B 

0 

L 
F 

— 

— 

V/K 

D 
D 
?D 

70.  planulata  

B 





D 

71.  falcata   

p 

P 

v 

72   Raeta  undulata     .  . 

T, 

D 

73.  Clementia  subdiaphana    .  . 
74   Amiantis  callosa          .    . 

B 

B 

f! 

L 

P 

V 

— 

D 

75.  Pachydesma  crassatelloides 
76.  Psephis  tantilla  

BD 

B 
B 

C 

FM 

o 

P 

y 

Y 

D 
I 

synonymic  name  may  be  revived  in  restricted  sense.     Sv)ecies=bian(julata) 
P.  Z.  S.  1855,  p.  230. 

59.  Semele  decisa,  Com*,  auct.     Large,  rough,  like  Peruvian  corntaata,  but  truncated. 

60.  Semele  rupium,  Sby.      Smaller,  rough,  swollen;   with   smaller  mantle-bend. 

Galapagos.     Not  r.  Cp. 

61.  Semele  rubrolineata,  (?  Conr.).    Flattened,  same  shape,  with  faint  sculpture  each 

way,  and  pink  rays.     [Conrad's  lost  shell  may  be  young  decisa.^ 

62.  Semele  pulchra,  Sby.    Transverse,  crowded  concentric  sculpture,  with  radiating 

lines  at  sides.     Southern  fauna. 

63.  Semele  incongma,  n.  s.     Like  pulchra,  with  concentric  sculpture  differing  in  r. 

and  1.  valves :  fine  radiating  striae  all  over.     40-69  fm.  c.  Cp. 

64.  Cumingia  Californica,  Conr.  auct.     Maz.  Cat.  no.  44. 

65.  Donax  Calif ornicus,  Conr.  (non  Desh.)  =  obesus,  Gld.  (non  Desh.).     Smooth, 

stumpy :  outline  and  colour  variable. 

66.  Donax  flexuosus,  Gld.     Like  punctostriata  jun.   with  stronger  keel,    and  no 

punctures. 

67.  Donax  navicula,  Sby.     Maz.  Cat.  no.  77.     From  Southern  fauna. 

68.  Heterodonax  bimaculatus.  Broad  var.,  generally  violet,  =  Psammobia  Pacifica, 

Conr.=  Tellina  vicina,  C.  B.  Ad.     Cape  St.  Lucas,  Acapulco,  W.  Indies. 

Family  Mactrida. 

69.  Standella  Californica,  Conr.  (non  Desh.).     Large,  shaped  like  Schiz.  Nuttalli,  but 

beaks  narrow.     Mantle-bend  separate  from  ventral  line. 

696.  Standella  ?  var.  nasuta,  Gld.  (suppressed).     Revived  for  young  shells  between 
Californica  and  planulata,  till  more  is  known./ 

70.  Standella  planulata,  Conr.    Nearly  as  large  ;  shape  approaching  Mactrella  exoleta. 

71.  Standella  falcata,  Gld.  Otia.     Shape  like  planulata,  but  flatter. 

72.  llaeta  undulata,  Gld.  Otia.     Like  the  Atlantic  R.  canaliculata,  but  reversed. 

Rare  at  S.  Pedro,  Cp. 

Family  Veneridce. 

73.  ?  Clementia  subdiaphana,  n.  s.     Plinge  normal,  verv  thin,  ashy. 

74.  Amiantis  callosa,  Conr.  (not  auct.).     Subgenus  of  Callista:  hinge-plate  rough- 

ened as  in  Mercenaria :  mantle-bend  as  in  Dosinia.     L.  w.  com.  Cp. 
76.  Pachydesma  crassatelloides,  Conr.  auct.    Subgenus  of  Trigona,  with  fewer  teeth : 

jun.  =  stultorum,  Gray. 
76.  Pscphis  tantilla,  Gld.  Otia.     Subgenus  of  Vmus  :  animal  ovoviviparous.    Teeth 

elongate,  approaching  Pachydesma.  Small,  with  purple  spot.  12-20  fin.  c.  Cp, 

126 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  CO.AST  OF  NOTiTH  AMERICA. 


641 


Nutt. 

Jew. 

B.A. 

Smiths.  Ins. 

Ken. 

Lord. 

Swan. 

Cooper. 

77.  Psephis  Lordi    

__ 



P 

V 

V 

I 

__ 





_ 





DI 

79.  tellimyalis     







II 







80.  Venus  Kennerleyi  

_ 

___ 

,  

P 

_ 

V 

_^ 

81.  Chione  succincta         .... 

BD 

D 

0 



D 

82.  excavata    

D 







D 

D 

o 

L 



___ 



D 

84.  fluctifraga  

V 

D 

c 

D 







D 

85.  Tapes  tenerrima    

B 

F 

F 





v 

D 

86    laciniata    

M 

D 

D 

87    staminea             . 

DO 

F 

F 

FD 

FD 

87  6.  var.  Petitii  

c 

VPOM 

P 

v 

v 

FM 

87  c.  var.  ruderata  
88.  Saxidomus  aratus  

— 

— 

F 

V 

FD 

89.  Nuttallii    

D 

D 

o 







FD 

90.  squalidus  

F 

o 

VPOF 

P 

v 

v 

91.  brevisiphonatus    .... 
92.  Rupellaria  lamellifera  .... 
93.  Petricola  carditoides     .... 

D 
BD 
BD 

M 
MB 

c 
c 

c 

D 
F 
LH 

P 

V 

V 

M 
M 
D 

R 

B 

c 

MD 





FMD 

77.  Psephia  Lordi,  Baird,  P.  Z.  S.  1863.  Teeth  normal :  pure  white.  20-40  fm.  c.  Cp. 

78.  Psephis  salmonea,  n.  s.    Very  small,  rounded,  teeth  elongate :  salmon-coloured. 

30-40  fm.  r.  Cp. 

79.  Psephis  tettimyalis,  n.  s.     Shape  of  Tellimya :   central  tooth  minute  j  outside 

teeth  long. 

80.  Venus  Kennerleyi,  Rve.     Large,  transverse,  flattened,  ashy:  strong  cone.  ribs. 

Young  like  astartea,  Midd.  (notfrtctuata,  Gld.). 

81.  Chione  succincta,  Val.  =  Calif  orniensis,  Brod.  =  Nuttatti,  Conr.    Cone,  ribs  smooth. 

82.  Chione  excavata,  Cpr.  P.  Z.  S.  1856,  p.  216.     Scarcely  differs  from  cancellata. 

Possibly  exotic. 

83.  Chione  simillima,  Sby.     Finely  sculptured  each  way. 

84.  Chione  fluctifraga,  Sby.+callosa,  Sby.     Like  Stutchbnryi :  swollen,  irregular. 

85.  Tapes  tenerrima,  Cpr.  P.  Z.  S.  1856,  p.  200,  (jun.)=  V.  rigida,  Gld.  pars,  f.  538. 

Very  large,  thin,  flat ;  long  pointed  sinus. 

86.  Tapes  laciniata,  n.  s.     Large,  swollen,  brittle,  ashen ;  sculpture  pectinated. 

87.  Tapes  staminea,  Conr.     Strong,  shape  of  decussata ;  sculpture  close ;  yellowish. 

Var.  diversa,  Sby.=mundulus,  Rve.  More  swollen,  clouded  with  chocolate. 
Var.  Petitii,  T)esh.=rigida,  Gld.  pars.  Dead  white,  sculpture  stronger  faint, 
open  or  close.  2  ft.  deep  in  mud,  between  tides,  Lord.  Var.  tumida,  Sby. 
"Very  swollen.  Var.  orbella,  rounded,  globose.  Var.  ruderata,  Desh.  Con- 
centric sculpture  laminated. 

88.  Saxidomus  aratus,  Gld.  Otia.    Very  large,  oval,  with  regular  concentric  ridges. 

89.  Saxidomus  Nuttallii,  Conr.  auct.     Transverse,  subquadrate,  irregularly  grooved. 

90.  Saxidomus  squalidus,  Desh.     Large,  variable  outline,  broader,  scarcely  sculp- 

tured. 

91.  Saxidomus  brcvisiphonatus,  n.  s.     Smaller,  Callista-shaped ;  close,  faint  concen- 

tric lines  over  distant  waves ;  mantle-bend  very  small. 
Family  Petricolidce. 

92.  Rupellaria  lamellifera,  ConT.  =  Cordieri,  Desh.     With  large  concentric  laminas. 

No  radiations. 

93.  Petricola  carditoides,  Conr.  +  Californica,  Com\+cylindracea,  Desh.+arcuata, 

Desh.  -\-gibba,  Midd.  Of  various  aspects,  like  Saxicava.  Normally  shaped 
like  Cypricardia,  with  fine  sculpture  like  Naranio. 

Family  Chamidce. 

94.  Chama  exogyra,  Conr.     Reversed  ;  texture  opaque ;  rudely  frilled. 

95.  Cliama  pettucida,  Sby.    Dextral,  texture  porcellanous,  rosy  j  closelv  frilled.   S.A. 
1863.  107 


643 


SPOET — 186& 


JNutt. 

Jew. 

B.  A.  i!  Smiths.  Ins. 

II 

Ken. 

Lord. 

Swan.!    Cooper 

iHJ.  Uhama  spinosa  
07.  Cardium  corbis  

OB 

15 

D 

B/, 
B 

oc 
p 

c 

VPOF 
D 

H 
D 

P 
P 

P 

P 

P 
P 

V 
V 

V 
V 

V 
V 

V 
V 

?D     t 

1 

I 

T) 

D 

I 
PC 

I 
I 

MUI 
I 
1 

DI 

98.  quadragenarium  
f)9    .    —  var  blanduni 

100.  var.  centifilosum  .... 
101.  Hemicardium  biangnlatimi 
102.  fcjerripes  Groenlandicus.  .  .  . 
103.  Liocardium  elatum  

104.  —  —  substriatum    .       .  . 

105.  Astarte  compacta  

106.  Esquimalti    .... 

107    fluctuata 

108.  Miodon  prolongatus  

D 
D 
D 

p 

109.  Venericardia  borealis    .... 
109  b.  var.  ventricosa  .... 
110    Lazaria  subquadrata 

111.  Lucina  Nuttallii    

112   Californica      .    .    . 

113.           bclla  

114.  tenuisculpta  

96.  CJiama  spinosa,  Sby.    Ridges  broken  into  close  short  spines.   Maz.  Cat.  no.  122. 

Family  Cardiadee. 

97.  Cardium  corbis,  Mart.=JVw#o//z-}-  Calif ornianum,  Conr.    Large,  earthen,  rather 

nodulous ;  posterior  margin  strongly  indented  by  2  first  ribs.   Asia.    8-15  fm. 
Lyall.     Jun.  in  stomach  of  starfish,  12  fm.  Lord. 

98.  Cardium  quadraaenarium,  Com.=luteolabrum  (=xanthocheilum),  Old.     Very 

large ;  40  ribs,  with  aculeate  spines. 

99.  Cardium  var.  blandum,  Gld.  Otia.     Delicate  form  of  the  Asiatic  pseiidofossfle, 

Rve.  =  Calif orniense,  Desh.     Transverse;   close,  flat  ribs;  margin  regular. 
8-15  fm.  tyall 

100.  Cardium  var.  centifilosum.     Probably=modestfMm,  Ad.  &  Rve. ;  but  rounder, 

ribs  sharper  and  more  distant.    Belongs  to  subg.  Fulvia,  Gray.    30-40  fm.  Cp. 

101.  Hemicardium  biangulatum,  Sby.     Southern  fauna.     10-20  fm.  living.  Cp. 

102.  Serripes  Groenlandicus,  Chem.  auct.     Boreal.     Rounder  than  S.  Lapcrousii. 

103.  Liocardium  elatum,  Sby.  Maz.  Cat.  no.  124.     Gulf  fauna.     Very  large,  Cp. 

104.  Liocardium  substriatum,  Com'.=cruentatum,  Gld.     Almost  identical  with  the 

Peruvian  Elenense. 

Family  Astartida. 

105.  Astarte  compacta,  n.  s.     Like  compressa,  but  closer ;  dorsal  margins  straight, 

at  right  angles. 

106.  Astarte  Esquimalti,  Baird,  P.  Z.  S.  1863,  p.  70.     Subtrigonal ;  ribs  irregular. 

107.  ? Astarte  fluctuata,  n.  s.    Very  close  to  Omalii,  jun.  of  Coralline  Crag.   2  right  v. 

30-40  im.  Cp. 


109.  Venericardia  borealis,  Conr.   N.  Atlantic,  from  Miocene.    120  fm.  Cat.  Is.  Cp. 
109  b.    Venericardia  var.  ventricosa,  Gld.     Small,  swollen.     30-40  fm.  Cp. 

110.  Lazaria  subquadrata,  n.  s.   Hinge  of  Lazaria:  outside  like  Cardita  varic(/ata,j\in, 

Family  Lucinidee. 

111.  Lucina  Nuttallii,  Conr.  Hani.     Like  muricata,  with  more  delicate  P "ulpture. 

112.  Lucina  Californica,  Conr.   Dosinoid,  with  waved  lunule.   Jun.  ?  =  L.  Artemldis, 

P.  Z.S.  1856,  p.  201. 

113.  Lucina  bella,  Conr.     Shell  not  known ;  maybe  =zpectinata,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  142. 

114.  Lucina  tenuisrul>  fa.  n.  s.     Like  Mazatlanica,  Cat.  no.  144,  more  convex,  with 

finer  sou1  p  lure.    4  I'm.  living,  Cp.     The  island  var.  is  intermediate.     120  I'm. 
dead,  C>. 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


643 


Nutt 

Jew. 

B.A. 

Smiths.  Ins. 

Ken. 

Lord. 

Swan. 

Cooper. 

115.  Lucina  borealis    

B 

MD 

C 

PC 
B 

B 

B 

C 
C 

C 
M 
B 
B 

C 
C 

c 
c 

F 
F 
C 
P 

C 

D 
M 

M 
H 

PFC 
PC 

FH 

VH 
M 

P 
P 

P 
P 
P 

P 

P 
P 

P 

V 

V 
V 

V 

V 

V 
V 

V 

V 
V 

V 

I 
I 
I? 

D 
D 

DI 
I 

D 
D 
D 
FDI 
F 

DI 
D 
M 

116.  Cryptodon  flexuosus 

118    Diplodonta  orbella    

119    Kellia  Lap6rousii      »      . 

1196.  var.  Chironii 
120   rotundata        

121         •    suborbicularis 

122    Lasea  rubra  

124.  Lepton  meroeum     

125    Tellimya  tumida   

12(5.  Pristes  oblonons  

127.  Mytilus  Califomianus  .  .  .  . 
128.  edulis  

128  b.  var.  glomeratus    .  . 
129.  Septifer  bifiircatus  

130   Modiola  capax       

132    fornicata    

133.  recta    

D 

115.  Lucina  borealis,  Linn.  auct. -\-acutilineata,  Com*.     Widely  diffused,  from  Coral- 

line Crag.     Philippines,  teste  Cuming.     30-120  fm.  Cp. 

116.  Ci'yptodon+flexuosus,  Mont.  auct.    Atlantic,  circumpolar.    Cat.  Is.  120  fm.  Cp. 

117.  Cn/ptodon  serricatus,  n.  s.     Small,  circular,  flat;  epidermis  silken.     ?  Cat.  Is. 

Cp.  120  fm. 

Family  Diplodontidte. 

118.  Diplodonta  orbella,  Gld.  Otia.=(J/*/««)  Splicer ella  tumida,  Conr. 

Family  Kelliada. 

119.  Kettia  Laperousii,  Desh.  Woodw.     Typically  large,  strong,  transverse. 
119  b.  Kellia  var.  Chironii.     Thinner,  less  transverse,  margins  rounded. 

120.  Kellia  rotundata,  n.  s.     Larger,  flatter,  and  less  pearly  than  suborbicularis. 

Margin  circular. 

121.  Kettia  suborbicularis.  Mont.  auct.  Maz.  Cat.  no.  153.    N.  Atlantic  :  W.  Mexico. 

Exactly  accords  with  British  sp.     30-40  fm.  Cp. 

122.  Lasea  rubra, ,  Mont,  auct.  Maz.  Cat.  no.  154.  N.Atlantic:  W.  Mexico.    Exactly 

accords  with  British  sp. 

123.  Pi/thin  i  rw/ifera,  n.  s.    Large,  thin,  slightly  indented ;  teeth  minute  j  epidermis 

shaggy. 

124.  Lepton  meroeum,  n.  s.     Small,  shaded  like  Sunapta. 

125.  Tellimya  tumida,  n.  s.     Between  bidentata  and  substriata :  ossicle  minute. 

126.  Pristes  oblongus,  n.  g.,  n.  s.     Like  Tellimya,  with  long  marginal  teeth,  serrated 

near  hinge. 

Family  Mytilidce. 

127.  Mytilus  Califomianus,  Conr.   9  in.  long :  stained  with  sienna :  obsoletely  ribbed. 

128.  Mytilus  edidis,  Linn.  o,\ict.=trossulm,  Grid.    Abundant  on  whole  coast,  with  the 

usual  Atlantic  vars.     Between  tide-marks,  Lord :  also  brown  var.  on  float- 
ing stick. 
128  5.  Mytilus  ?  var.  glomeratus,  Gld.  Otia.     Short,  stumpy,  solid,  crowded. 

129.  Septifer  bifurcatus,  Rve.     Outside  like  Mytilm  b.  Conr.  from  Sandw.  Is. 
180.  Modiola  capax,  Conr.     Maz.  Cat.  no.  170.     From  Southern  fauna. 

131.  Modiola  modiolus,  Linn.  auct.     Circumboreal.     8-15  fm.  jun.  Lyall. 

132.  Modiola  fornicata,  n.  s.     Short,  swollen,  like  large  M.  marmorata  j  but  smooth, 

not  crenated. 

133.  Modiola  recta,  Conr.     6  in,  long,  thin,  narrow,  rhomboidal.     Chaff-like  hairs- 

over  glossy  epidermis. 

9  129 


644 


REPORT 18G3. 


NuttJJew.    B.  A. 


Smiths.  In-. 


Ken. 


Lord.  Swan. 


Cooper. 


133  b.  Modiola  var.  flabellata.  . 

134.  Adula  falcata 

135.  stylina 

136.  Lithophagus  plumula. . . . 

137.  attenuatus 

138.  Modiolaria  laevigata 

139.  marmorata 

140.  Crenella  decussata 

141.  Area  multicostata   

142.  Barbatia  gradata 

143.  Axinaea  intermedia 

144.  var.  subobsoleta 

145.  Nucula  tenuis 

146.  Acila  castrensis 

147.  Leda  cselata 

148.  cuneata    

149.  minuta 

150.  fossa     

151.  hamata    . 


M 


M 


VP 
FM 
OFM 

M 

H 


\) 


GDI 


V 


D 
MDI 


I 

MD 
MDI 


BI 


133  b.  Modiola  v&x.flabellata,  Gld.     Northern  form,  somewhat  broader. 

134.  Adula  falccita,  Gld.  Otia.     Subgenus  enlarged  to  include  species  intermediate 

between  Modiola  and  Lithophagus :  shape  of  latter,  byssiferous  like  former, 
nestling  in  crypts.  Sp.  =  Gruneri,  Phil.  MS.  Shape  not  always  falcate: 
chestnut,  rugose. 

135.  Adula  stylina,  n.  s.     Shorter,  broader ;  epidermis  brown,  glossy. 

136.  Lithophagus  plumula,  Hani.     Maz.  Cat.  no.  175.     From  Southern  fauna. 

137.  Lithophagus  attenuatus,  Desh.     Maz.  Cat.  no.  173.     From  Southern  fauna. 

138.  Modiolaria  lavigata,  Gray.     Exactly  accords  with  Atlantic  specimens.     Cir- 

cumboreal. 

139.  Modiolaria  marmorata,  Fbs.  &  Hani.     Exactly  accords  with  Atlantic  speci- 

mens.    Circumboreal. 

140.  Crenella  decussata,  Mont.     Exactly  accords  with  Atlantic  specimens.    Circum- 

boreal.    10-40  fin.  not  r.  Cp. 

Family  Arcadcz. 

141.  Area  multicostata.  Sbv.   Maz.  Cat.  no.  181.  (  -&        a     ,v        ,. 

142.  Xarbatia  gradata,  Sby.    Maz.  Cat.  no.  194.  f  From  Southem  fauna- 

143.  Aiinaa  intermedia,  Brod.  =  Harbarensis,  Conr.  fossil.     Closely  accords  with 

the  Peruvian  specimens.     40-60  fm.  Cp. 

144.  A'rinnea  (?  septentrionalis,  Midd.  var.)  subobsoleta.     Sculpture  much  fainter  than 

in  Middy's  fig. 

Family  Nucididas. 

145.  Nucula  tenuis,  Mont.  auct.     Agrees  with  var.  lucida,  Gld.     Circumboreal. 

146.  Acila  castrensis,  lids.  Sulph. +£?/«/&,  Baird.     Subg,  of  Nucula  with  divari- 

cate sculpture ;  only  known  in  Crag  and  N.  Pacific.     40-60  fm.  Cp. 

147.  Leda  ccdata,  lids.  Sulph.  Swollen,  strongly  sculptured :  teeth  veiy  numerous. 

10-60  fm.  Cp. 

148.  Leda  cuneata,  Sby.  D'Orb.  testeHanl.   {Scarcely  differs  from  commutata,  Phil. 

in  Mus.  C\im.)  =  inoniata,  A.  Ad.  Chili.     0-60  fm.  Cp. 

149.  Leda  minuta,  O.  Fabr.  teste  Hani.     Circumboreal.     Agrees  with  Norwegian 

specimens  of  "  caudata,  Don."  teste  M'Andr. 

150.  Leda  fossa,  Baird,  P.  Z.  S.  1863,  p.  71.     Between  minufa  and  jwntefa.     Sculp- 

ture nearly  obsolete. 

J61.  Leda  hamata,  n.  s.     Like  Stcenstrvpi  and  permdoides,  but  very  hooked,  sculp* 
ture  strong.     20-60  fm.  c.  Cp. 

130 


OX  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


645 


Nutt 

Jew. 

B.A. 

Smiths.  Ins. 

Ken. 

Lord. 

Swan. 

Cooper. 

152.  Yoldia  lanceolata    
153.  amygdala     

BD 
BD 

C 

B 

B 
B 
D 
D 

Cjn. 

C 

P* 
P 

C 
C 
0 

C 

H 

D 

D 
DL 
VO 

PM 
VPO 

P 
P 

P 
P 

P 

P 
P 

V 
V 

V 
V 

V 
V 

V 
V 

y 

BI 
?C 
MDI 
DI 
M 

BD 
I 
D 
D 

MD 
D 
F 

155.  Bryophila  setosa        .-.  .  . 

156.  Lima  orientalis    

157.  Limatula  subauriculata  .  . 
158    Pecten  hastatus 

159.  ?var.  Hindsii  

160.  var.  aequisulcatus   .  . 
161.  paucicostatus  

162.  ?var.  latiauritus  .... 
]  62&.  monotimeris    

163.  Amusium  caurinum    .... 
1  64.  Janira  dentata  

165.  Hinnites  giganteus  

166.  Ostrea  lurida    

152.  Yoldia  lanceolata,  J.  Sby.  Hani.  =  arctica,  Brod.  &  Sby.     (Not  Adrana  L,  Lam. 

G.  Sby.)     With  ant.  diagonal  lines. 

153.  Yoldia  amygdala,  var.  teste  Hani.     Like  lanceolata,  without  posterior  wing, 

and  anterior  sculpture. 

Family  ?  Trigoniadce. 

154.  Verticordia  ornata,  D'Qrb.=novemcostata,  Ad.  &Rve.      Samarang.     Exactly 

accords  with  Chinese  types.     S.  A.     20-40  fin.  Op. 

Family  Aviculidce. 

155.  Bryophila  setosa,  n.  g.,  n.  s.,  Ann.  N.  H.  1864,  p.  10.     Like  minute,  broad  Pinna, 

Animal  ovoviviparous.     Sta  Barbara,  20  fin.  Cp. 

Family  Pectinidce. 

156.  Lima  orientalis,  Ad.  &  Eve.,  Samarang,  in  Mus.  Cum.=  dehiscens,  Conr.  fossil, 

teste  Cp.   Very  close  to  young  of  L.  hians,  var.  tenera.     Beach  to  20  fm.  c.  Cp. 

157.  Limatula  sulauricidata,  Mont.  Fbs.  &  Hani.     Circumboreal.     Fossil  in  Crag. 

Islands,  40-120  fin.  not  r. ;  S.  Diego,  1  valve,  4  fin.  Cp. 

158.  Pecten  hastatus,  Sby.  =  hericeus,  Gld.   Elongated  ;  a  few  principal  ribs  serrated ; 
^  ears  unequal.     In  var.  rubidus,  Hds.  (non  Mart.),  the  ribs  are  equal,  not 

serrated. 

159.  Pecten   (?var.)    Hindsii.    Broader;  ribs  close,  small,  smooth,  bifurcating. 

Passes  from  hastatus  towards  Islandicus. 

160.  Pecten  cequisidcatus,  ?  n.  s.     Thinner  and  flatter  than  ventricosus,  with  narrower 

ribs. 

161.  Pecten  paucicostatus,  ?  n.  s.     Somewhat  resembling  very  young  caurinus ;  but 

ribs  fewer,  stronger. 

162.  Pecten  latiauritus,  Conr.  (pars).     Ribs  sharply  denned,  with  sharp  concentric 

laminae.     Possibly  an  extreme  form  of 

lQ2b.Pecten  monotimeris,  Com.  =  tunica,  Phil. -\-Iatiauritus,  Conr.  pars.     Passes  into 
Amusium.     Very  slanting,  thin,  with  faint  ribs. 

163.  Amusium  caurinum,  Gld.  E.  E.     Large,  flat,  thin,  very  inequivalve.    Var.  = 

Yessoensis,  Jay.     Japan. 

164.  Janira  dentata,  Sby. = excavata,  Val.  Ven.    Like  media.    From  the  Gulf  fauna. 

Beach-20  fm.  Cp. 

Family  Spondylida. 

»65.  Hinnites  giganteus,  Gray,  Analyst.  =  Poulsoni,  Conr.    Very  large,  Spondyloid : 
ligament  as  in  Pedum,  strongly  adherent  along  the  ears. 

Family  Ostreidtc. 

66.  Ostrea  lurida,  n.  s.     Shape  of  edulis :  texture  dull,  lurid,  olivaceous,  with  purple 
stains.     2-3  fin.  on  mud  flats,  Lord. 

131 


646 


REPORT— 1863. 


Nutt. 

Jew. 

B.A. 

Smiths.  lus. 

Ken.   Lord. 

Swan. 

Cooper. 

1666.  Ostrea  var.  laticaudata  .  .    — 
1(36<?.  wr  rufoides          .  .      — 

D 
?B 

B 

C 

oc 

C 
C 

C 
C 

C 

I) 

L 
VF 
L 

DL 
L 
?P 

D 
I 

P 

P 

P 
P 

V 
V 

V 

V 

F 
D 
D 
D 
F 
D 
I 
DI 
D 

D 
BD 

D 
MI 

\QQd.  var.  expansa    — 

167.  conchaphila    .  .  [ma    D 
168.  Placunanomia  macroscnis-   — 
169.  Anomia  lampe   — 

170.  Cavolina  telemus     — 
171.  Bulla  nebulosa     B 

172.  Quoyi  — 

173.  Haminea  hydatis  — 

174.  vesicula   .       .             — 

175.  virescens  — 

—  Philinid                                  — 

—        ?           _ 

176.  Tornatella  punctoceelata  .  .  !  — 
177.  Tornatina  culcitella     — 

1666. Ostrea  var.  laticaudata,  Nutt.  MS.     Purple,  winged,  waved:  denticles  near 

hinge.     Passes  towards  palmula,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  214,  b. 
166e.  Ostrea  ?  var.  rt(foides—rufa,  Gld.  (non  Lam.).    Passing  towards  Virginica,  j  un. 

Thin,  with  umbos  hollowed  j  reddish  in  scar-region.    Also  fossil. 
IQQd.Ostrea  Pvar.   expansa.     Flat,  affixed  to  whole   surface,   like    Columbiemis. 

Round,  or  winged  to  left,  or  right,  or  both,  like  Malleus.     Also  passes  into 

167.  Ostrea  conchaphila,  Cpr.  Maz.  Cat.  no.  214.     From  Southern  fauna. 

Family  Anomiadee. 

168.  Placunanomia  macroschisma,  Desh.  Kamtschatka.     Vars.  —  alope-\-cepio,  Gray. 

Shape  most  variable,  according  to  station.      Sculpture  often  obsolete.     On 
rock,  between  tides,  Lord. 

169.  Anomia  lampe,  Gray,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  219.     From  Southern  fauna. 

Class  PTEROPODA.        Family  Hyalceidce. 

170.  Cavolina  telemus,  Linn.  =  Hyalcea  tridentata,  Forsk.  non  Lam.   Pelagic.   30-60 

fm.  dead,  Cp. 

[Other  Pteropods  were  brought  by  the  Brit.  N.  P.  Boundary  Survey,  but  may 
have  been  collected  on  the  voyage :  v.  p.  607.] 

Class  GASTEROPODA. 

Subclass  OPISTHOBBANCHIATA.        Order  TECTIBRANCHIATA. 
Family  Btdlidce. 

171.  Sulla  nebulosa,  Gld.  Otia.     Large,  globular,   thin.   Maz.  Cat.  no.  225  -f-  var. 

fulminosa,  Cp. 

172.  fiul'a  Quoyi,  Gray.     Small :  angular  at  umbilicus.   Maz.  Cat.  no.  226.    Pacific. 

173.  Haminea  hydatis,  Linn.  auct.     Exactly  accords  with  European  specimens. 

174.  Haminea  vesicula,  Gld.  Otia.     Smaller,  paler,  and  thinner. 

175.  Haminea  virescens,  Sby.  Gen.     ~Vai\  =  cymbiformis,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  229. 

Family  ?Philinides. 
Two  species  not  yet  dissected :  one  with  internal  shell  like  Phaneroj)lithalmus. 

Family  Tornatellidce. 

176.  Tornatella  punctocalata,  n.  s.     Small :  grooved  with  rows  of  dots :  pillar  twisted 

as  in  Buttina,  Add.  non  Gray. 

Family  Cylichnidee. 

177.  Tornatina  culcitella,  Gld.  Otia.     Large,  brownish,  with  faint  striae.     Fold  close 

to  paries. 

132 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


647 


Nutt. 

Jew. 

B.A. 

Smiths.  Ins. 

Ken. 

Lord. 

Swan.l    Cooper. 

1  776.  Tornatina  cerealis   

— 

B 
B 

B 

D 

p 

C 

D 
D 

DL 
L 

P 
P 

'V 

~ 

«M 

V 

At 

I) 
MDI 

I) 

1)1 
D 
DI 
D 
BI 
DI 
FMI 
I 
D 
B 
B 
BD 
BDI 
B 
DI 
D 

178.  eximia     

179.  carinata   

180.  Cylichna  ?  cylindracea    .  . 
180&.  var.  attonsa  

181.  planata    

182.  inculta  

183.  Volvula  cylindrica  

184.  Neaplysia  Californica  .... 
185    Navarchus  inermis 

186.  Pleurophyllidea  California 
187.  Doris  sanguinea   

188.  alabastrina  

189.  albopunctata  

190.  Sandie^ensis 

191.  Montereyensis  

192.  Triopa  Catalinas  

193.  Tritonia  Palmeri  

194.  Dendronotus  iris  

195.  ^Eolis  Barbarensis  

196.  Phidiana  iodinea  

197.  Flabellina  opalescens  .... 
198.  Chioraera  leonina     

199.  Melampus  olivaceus    .... 
200.  Pedipes  liratus       .    . 

201.  Siphonaria  Thersites  .... 

177  b.  Tornatina  cerealis,  Gld.  Otia.     Small,  white,  smooth:   but  probably  =  worn 
young  culcitella. 

178.  Tornatina  eximia,  Baird,  P.  Z.  S.  1863,  p.  67.     Size  moderate :  fold  appressed : 

subrectangular. 

179.  Tornatina  carinata,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  223. 

180.  Cylichna  ?cylindracea,  Linn.  auct.     Intermediate  specimens,  passing  into 
180b.  Cylichna  var.  attonsa,  rounded  off  at  apex. 

181.  Cylichna  planata,  n.  s.    Like  mamillata,  with  apex  flattened-offl  and  fold  distinct, 

182.  Cylichna  inculta,  Gld.  Otia. 

183.  Volvula  cylindrica,  n.  s.     Like  grain  of  rice,  pointed  at  one  end. 

Family  Aplysiades. 

184.  Neaplysia  Californica,  Cp.  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.     15  inches  long. 

185.  Navarchus  inermis,  Cp.  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.     Grasses,  on  shore.  Cp. 

Family  Pleurophyllidiadee. 

186.  Pleurophyllidea  Californica,  Cp.  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.     Sandy  flats,  Cp. 

Order  NUDIBRANCHIATA. 

137-198.  All  the  new  Nudibranchs  are  described  in  the  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.    Vide  onto), 
p.  609.     Vide  also  Gld.'s  Otia,  and  Esch.  Zool.  Atlas. 

Subclass  PULMONATA. 

For  land  and  freshwater  species,  both  of  Pulmonates,  Rostrifers,  and  Bhfi'i7*r, 
vide  postea,  paragraphs  115-119. 

Family  Aurictdidce. 

199.  Mflampus  olivaceus ,  Cpr.  Maz.  Cat.  no.  235. 

200.  Pedipes  liratus,  Binn.  Proc.  Ac.  N.  S.  Phil.  1861,  p.  333, 

Family  Siphonariadce. 

201.  Siphonaria  Tliei'sites,  n.  s.     Like  lateialisi  with  strong  lung-rib  and  obsolete 

sculpture. 

133 


C48 


REPORT — 18G3. 


Nutt. 

Jew. 

B.A. 

Smiths.  Ins. 

Kfll. 

Lord. 

Swan. 

Cooper. 

2C2.  Dentalium  v.  Indianorum 
203.  rectius 

— 

— 

P 

— 

P 

P 

— 

V 

MI 

204.  semipolitum    

D 

205.  hexa^onum 

D 

206.  Cryptochiton  Stelleri  
207.  Katherina  tunicata      . 

— 

c 

oc 
o 

FMI 
OF 

P 

P 

V 

y 

V 

y 

I 
I 

208.  Tonicia  lineata  

JO 

PFM 

P 

V 

y 

209   submarmoroa 

o 

y 

210.  Mopalia  muscosa  

M 

F 

P 

OFMI 

V 

V 

I 

211.  Wosnessenskii    .... 
212.  Kennerleyi  

C 

P 

V 

V 

2126.  var.  Swanii  



V 



213.  Hindsii    

F 

P 

214.  Simpsonii    



f! 

215.  vespertina   

P 

F 

P 

v 

216.  lio-nosa     .... 

PINT 

o 

P 

y 

217.  acuta    

M 

218.  sinuata    

P 

219.  imporcata    

P 

Subclass  PROSOBBANCHIATA.        Order  LATERIBRANCHIATA. 

Family  Dentaliadce. 

202.  Dentalium  (?  pretiosum,  Nutt.  Sby.  var.)  Indianorum.     Like  entails,  with  very 

fine  posterior  strise.     20  fm.  c.  "Cp. 

203.  Dentalium  rectius,  n.  s.     Long1,  thin,  slightly  curved  :  like  ebumeum,  Singapore. 

204.  Dentalium  semipolitum,  Br.  &  Sby.  ?  =  hyalinum,  Phil,  not  Maz.  Cat.  no.  245. 

From  Southern  fauna. 

205.  Dentalium  hexagonum,  Sby.     From  Southern  fauna. 

Order  SCUTIBRANCHIATA.        Family  Chitonida. 

206.  Cryptochiton  Stelleri,  Midd.   Very  large  :  valves  hidden.   Reaches  Sta  Cruz,  Cp. 

207.  Katlierina  tunicata,  Sby.  —  Douylasice,  Gray.     Mantle  smooth,  black:   valves 

partly  concealed.     Between  tide-marks,  Lord.     Reaches  Farallone  Is.  Cp. 

208.  Tonicia  lineata,  Wood.     Closely  resembling  lineolata,  Peru.    Painting  variable. 

209.  Tonicia  submarmorea,  Midd.     Perhaps=  lineata,  var.  without  lines. 

210.  Mopalia  muscosa,  Gld.  E.  E.=  C.  ornatus,  Nutt.  (—armatus,  Jay) -j-c0wsi'/m7ts, 

Nutt.    Highly  sculptured:  mantle  crowded  with  strong  hairs.    Between 
tide-marks,  Lord. 

211.  Mopalia  Wosnessenskii,  Midd.    Mantle  slit  behind,  with  few  hairs.     Sculp- 

ture like  muscosa. 

212.  Mopalia  Kennerleyi,  n.  s.  =  Grayi,  antea,  p.  603,  nom.  preoc.    Sculpture  fainter : 

olive  with  red :  ridge  angular ;  post,  valve  waved. 
2I2b.Mopalia  Kennerleyi,  var.  Swanii:  red,  ridge  arched;  less  sculptured. 

213.  Mopalia  Hindsii,  Gray.    Olive :  distinctly  shagreened :  flat :  post,  valve  waved. 

214.  Mopalia  Simpsonii,  Gray,  in  B.M.  Col.     Like  Hindsii,  with  valves  beaked. 

215.  Mopalia  vespertina,  Gld.  E.  E.     Shape  of  Hindsii,  with  very  faint  sculpture  and 

slight  wave.     Olive  clouded  with  brown. 

216.  Mopalia  lignosa,  Gld.  E.  E.  =  Merckii,  Midd.  =  Monterey ensis,  Cpr.  P.  Z.  S.  1855, 

p.  231.     Like  vespertina,  without  wave :  brown  in  streaks. 

217.  Mopalia  acuta,  Cpr.  P.  Z.  S.  1855,  p.  232.     Subgeneric,  aberrant  form ;  with 

small  blunt  plate,  instead  of  post,  sinus,  between  the  two  principal  lobes. 

218.  ?  Mopalia  sinuata,  n.  s.     Small,  raised  sharp  back,  red  and  blue,  engine-turned ; 

post,  valve  deeply  notched. 

219.  ?  Mopalia  imporcata,  n.  s.     Pale :  central  areas  ribbed :   post,  valve  slightly 

notched.  Indications  of  sutural  pores  in  these  two  species,  if  confirmed,  will 
require  a  new  genus. 


ON7  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  \\EST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


619 


Nutt. 

Jew. 

B.A. 

Smiths.  Ins. 

Ken. 

Lord. 

Swan. 

Cooper. 

220.  Acanthopleura  scabra  .... 
991               flnvfl 

M 

— 

C 

FI 

P 

— 

— 

I 
J 

222.  Ischnochiton  Magdalensis 

— 

— 

L 

LM 

— 

— 

— 

DI 
I 

224.  Lepidopleurus  regularis  .  . 
225.  scabricostatus  

— 

— 

C 

— 

— 

— 

— 

I 

226.  pectinatus       .    . 

I 

227.  Mertensii  

f! 

M 

P 

v 

228.  Trachyderrnon  retiporosus 
229.  interstinctus    

— 

— 

P 

P 

— 

— 

230.  trifidus     

.   : 

P 

231.  dentiens  





P 

1 

231  b.  pseudodentiens     .  . 
232   Gothicus 

— 

— 

— 

P 

V 

— 

D 
I 

233.  Hartwegii    

f, 

F 

931            Nuttallii 

M 

0 

M 

v 

I 

235.  fleetens    .  . 

M 

P 

v 

D 

220.  Acantliopleura  scabra,  Eve.  =  Californicus,  Nutt.     Insertion-plates  resemble 

Katherina.     Valves  with,  coarse  V-shaped  ribs,  and  projecting  beaks. 

221.  Acanthopleurafluxa,  n.  s.     Green,  mottled  with  orange-red  ;  not  beaked  j  with 

only  marginal  and  diagonal  ribs. 

222.  Ischnochiton  Magdalensis,ttds.  Large,  strong- valved,  typical.    Sculpture  much 

fainter  than  in  southern  shells.      Mantle-margin  wilh  striated  scales  like 
flattened  bristles.     Side  plates  2-  or  3-lobed.     Beach-20  fm.  Cp. 

223.  I-chnochiton  veredentiens,  n.  s.     Margin   similar.     Small,   arched,  sculptured 

like  Mertensii,  but  with  2  rows  of  bosses,  one  of  which  dentates  the  sutures. 
10-20  fm.  Cp. 

224.  Lepidopleurus  regularis,  Cpr.  P.  Z.  S.  1855,  p.  232.     Subgenus  of  Ischnochiton  : 

mantle-scales  Lophyroid,  generally  striated.     Sp.  arched,  green,  shagreened. 
Side  lobes  2-4  :  eaves  spongy,  not  projecting. 

225.  Lepidopleurus  scabricostatus,  n.  s.     Small,  arched,  orange  :  rows  of  prominent 

granules  over  shagreened  surface.     Lobes  blunt,  slightly  rugulose,  close  to 
eaves.     8-20  fm.  Op. 

226.  Lepidopleurus  pectinatus,  n.  s.   Olive:  strong  sculpture  over  shagreened  surface : 

side  areas  ribbed :  outer  margin  and  inner  sutures  pectinated.     Bch.  Cp. 

227.  Lepidopleurus  Mertensii,  Midd.    Red :  highly  sculptured  over  smooth  surface : 

side  areas  with  rows  of  bosses.     Mantle-scales  smooth,  rounded. 

228.  Trachyderrnon  retiporosus,  n.  s.     Subgenus  of  Ischnochiton :  mantle-scales  very 

small,  close,  smooth.     Sp.  like  scrobiculatus,  central  pattern  in  network,  3-6 
side  ribs. 

229.  Trachydermon  interstinctus,  Gld.  E.E.     Centre  minutely  punctured  :  6-8  blunt 

side  ribs. 

230.  Trachydermon  trifidus,  n.  s.     Centre-punctures  few,  deep :  2-4  blunt  ribs  :  side 

plates  with  2  slits. 

231.  [  Trachydermon  dentiens,  Gld.  E.E.    No  shell  known  answering  to  diagnosis  and 

figure.]     The  4  following  species  have  incisors  blunt,  eaves  not  projecting. 
231  b.   Trachydermon  pseudodenticns=t\-pe  specimen  of  dentiens.    False  appearance  of 
teeth  due  to  colour  or  ridges  of  growth.    Closely  granular  :  areas  indistinct. 
Sinus  broad,  squared  :  eaves  spongy. 

232.  Trachydermon  Gothicus,  n.  s.     Blunt  parallel  riblets  along  very  arched  back. 

Sutural  lobes  united  at  sinus  :  eaves  not  spongy.     8-20  fm.  Cp. 

233.  Trachydermon  Harhceaii,  Cpr.  P.  Z.  S.  1855,  p/231.     Large,  arched.     Inside 

callous,  without  rows  of  punctures  to  slits  :  eaves  spongy. 

234.  Trachydermon  Nuttallii,  Cpr.  P.  Z.  S.  1855,  p.  231.    Large^plain,  flat.    Incisors 

slightly  rugulose  :  eaves  spongy. 

235.  Trachydermon  flectens,  n.  s.     Mantle-margin  scarcely  granular.     Rosy,  very 

small,  scarcely  sculptured:  valves  beaked  and  waved  as  in  M,  Simpsomii 
eaves  and  incisors  normal. 

135 


650 


RETORT 18G3. 


Nutt. 

Jew. 

B.A. 

Smiths.  Ins. 

Ken. 

Lord. 

Swan. 

Cooper. 

286.  Leptochiton  nexus     .... 

I 

237.  Acanthochites  avicula    .  . 
238.  Nacella  instabilis  

— 

— 

p 

— 

— 

v 

y 

I 

239.  incessa       

B 

T) 

D 

MD 

240    subspiralis         .    . 

T 

241.  depicta  





T> 

D 

242.  paleacea  

B 

242  b.  var.  triangularis   .  . 
243.  Acmsea  patina  

f! 

n 

n 

VFM 

P 

v 

v 

M 
FA1BI 

244.  pelta     

n 

f! 

n 

VFM 

P 

V 

y 

FA1  BI 

244  b.  var.  Asmi  

B 

I 

M 

245.  persona    

o 

f! 

n 

YF 

P 

y 

y 

FBDI 

246.  scabra  

T) 

0 

0 

Dili 

MDI 

247.  spectrum  

T) 

f! 

r, 

FDH 

MBD 

248.  rosacea     

B 

MD 

249.  Lottia  gigantea 

n 

FMIL 

MBDI 

250.  Scurria  mitra       .       . 

M 

r, 

pn 

VPF 

P 

y 

y 

MI 

250  b.  ?var.  funiculata    .  . 

M 

236.  Leptochiton  nexus,  n.  s.    Like  asellus :  scarcely  sculptured :  mantle-margin  with 

striated  chaffy  scales,  like  Magdalensis.  interspersed  with  transparent  needles. 
20-80  fin.  Cp. 

237.  Acanthochites  avicula,  n.  s.     Like  arragonites,  but  valves  sculptured  in  large 

snake-skin  pattern.     8-20  fm.  r.  Cp. 

Family  Patellidez. 

238.  Nacella  imtabilis,  Old.  E.E.     Large  :  shape  of  compressa. 

239.  Nacella  incessa,  Hds.  Sulphur.     Small :  Ancyloid. 

240.  ? Nacella  subspiralis,  n.  s.    Shaped  like  Emarginula  rosea,  and  may  be  a  Sciitcl- 

lina.     10-20  fm.  Cp. 

241.  Nacella  depicta,  Hds.  Sulphur.     Small,  long,  flat,  smooth :  colour  in  rays. 

242.  Nacella  paleacea,  Gld.  Otia.     Narrower,  brown,  striated  at  each  end. 

2426.  Nacella  ?var.  triangularis.  Shorter:  apex  raised:  scarcely  striated  :  whitish ^ 
with  brown  spots. 

Family  Acmaidee.     (For  synonyms,  v.  Reports  in  loci?*) 

243.  Acmaa patina,  Esch.     Large,  blackish  or  tessellated:  with  very  fine  distant 

striae.    Between  tides,  Lord. 

244.  Acmeea  pelta,  Esch.     More  conical;  border  narrow;  smooth,  with  blunt  ribs 

often  obsolete.    Between  tides,  Lord. 

244  b.  Acmeea  ?var.  Asrrn,  Midd.  Stout,  small,  black,  conical.  Probably  an  ab- 
normal growth  of  pelta,  jun.  (1  sp.  beginning  on  pelta)  Cp. 

£-15.  Acmesa persona,  Esch.  Smaller:  apex  posterior:  colour  blotched  or  freckled  : 
sculpture  in  irregular  ribs.  Maz.  Cat.  no.  266.  Var.  umbonata,  arched,  with 
narrow  distant  ribs.  Var.  digitalis,  apex  near  margin.  Var.  textilis,  apex  far 
from  margin,  approaching  pelta. 

246.  Acmcea  scabra,  mitt.  Rve.     Outside  with  close  rows  of  fine  granules  :  orange- 

red  tint,  glossy.     Var.  limatula,  sculpture  stronger,  border  black :  perhaps = 
Maz.  Cat.  no.  265. 

247.  Acmaa  spectrum,  Nutt.  Rve.     Flattened,  with  verv  strong  ribs,  irregular. 

248.  Acmeea  (?pileolus,  Midd.  var.)  rosace?.    Pink,  small :  like  Herm  specimens  of 

virginea. 

249.  Lottia  gigantea,  Gray.     Genus  reconstituted :  mantle  with  papillae  interrupted 

in  front.     Shell  large,  flat,  dark,  lustrous  (=  Tecturclla  (jrandis,  Smiths.  Inst. 
Check  List). 

250.  Scurria  mitra,  Esch.    Papillje  all  round  the  mantle.    White,  conical :  young 

sometimes  faintly  sculptured.     In  dead  clam,  12  fm.  Lord. 
250  b.  Scurria  ?  var.  funiculata.    With  rounded  riblets;  somewhat  aoduloua. 

136 


ON  MOLLTTSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


251.  Lepeta  caecoides 

252.  Gadinia  (Rowellia)     

253.  Fissurella  volcano   

254.  Glyphis  aspera 

255.  — —  densiclathrata 

256.  Lucapina  crenulata 

257.  Puncturella  cucullata 

258.  galeata 

259.  Cooperi    

260.  Haliotis  Craclierodii    

261.  splendens 

262.  corrugata 

!  263.  rufescens 

264.  Kamtschatkana 

265.  Phasianella  compta 

266.  Pomaulax  undosus 

267.  Pachypoma  gibberosum .  . 


Kutt.  .Tew.    1>.  A.  li-M.'.-ths.  In*.   Ken. 


M 

?B 
D 


M 


B 


C 
C 

C 

BD 
C 


oc 

C 
C 

p 
p 

C 
C 
C 
C 
C 
C 
C 


FDIL 
DIL 
D 
D 
FI 
D 
L 
M 


~ 


Lord.  Swan. 


V 


?v 


Cooper. 


I 

DI 


M 

T 

MI 

MDI 

I 

M 
DI 
MDI 
1)1 
MB 


251.  Lepeta  cteco'ides,  ?n.  s.     Like  cceca,  but  apex  turned  back.     Farallone  I/,, 

teste  R.  D.  Darbishire. 

Family  Gadiniadce. 

252.  Rotvellia,  sp.    Genus  proposed  by  Cooper :  tentacles  flattened,  pectinated.   Cat. 

Is.  Cp.    Far.  Is.  Row. 

Family  Fissurellidee. 

253.  Fissurella  volcano,  Rve.  =  ornata,  Nutt.    Approaches  Peruviana :  hole  variable. 

254.  Glyphis  aspera,  Esch.=Zwco/w,  Gray=cro&Yw,  Gld.     Large,  coarsely  sculp- 

tured, with  colour-rays. 

255.  Glyphis  densiclathrata,  Rve.     Smaller :  with  closer,  finer  sculpture. 

256.  Lucapina  crenulata,  Sbv.  Tank.     Very  large  :  internal. 

257.  Puncturella  cucullata,  Gld.  E.E.     Large,  with  strong,  variable  ribs,  15-40. 

Hole  simple. 

258.  Puncturella  galeata,  Gld.  E.E.     Scarcely  differs  from  noachina,  but  tripartite 

process  more  strongly  marked. 

259.  Puncturella   Cooperi,  n.  s.     Outside  like  galeata,  but  without  props  to   the 

lamina.     30-120  fin.  not  r.  Cp. 

Family  Haliotidce. 

260.  Haliotis  Cracherodii,  Leach,  auct.    The  trade  species,  smooth,  dark  olive :  holeg 

5-9.     Var.  Califomiensis,  holes  9, 10, 11. 

261.  Haliotis  splendens,  Rve.    Flatter,  grooved,  lustrous.    Holes  4-7.    Below  tide : 

on  rocks,  Cp. 

262.  Haliotis  corrugata,  Gray.     Large,  arched,  very  rough.     Holes  3-5.     Below 

tide :  on  rocks,  Cp. 

263.  Haliotis  rufescens,  Swains.     Large,  flatter,  waved,  rich  orange-red.     Holes 

3-5.     Below  tide  :  on  rocks,  Cp. 

264.  Haliotis  Kamtschatkana,  Jonas.     Small,  thin,  arched,  waved.     Holes  4,  5. 

Below  tide  :  on  rocks,  Far.  Is.  Cp. 

Family  Trochidee. 

265.  Phasianella  compta,  Gld.  Otia.   Maz.  Cat.  no.  284.     Like  puUus,  a  little  longer 

and  natter ;  but  operc.  bevelled  and  striated,  r  Var.  puttoides,  exactly  like 
Herm  shells :  ?  var.  elatior,  dwarfed,  longer  and  flatter  :  var.  punciwata,  with 
close  rows  of  dots ;  pillar  chinked.  8-20  fin.  Cp. 

266.  Pomaulax  undosus,  Wood.     Very  large  :  operculum  with  2  ridges. 

267.  Pachypoma  gibberosum,   Chem.  ?=in(equale}  Mart.      Large,   rough :   operc. 

swollen,  simple.     (Dead.) 

137 


653                                      REPORT—  18G3. 

Nutt.l  Jew. 

B.  A. 

Smiths.  Ins. 

Ken. 

Lord. 

Swan. 

Cooper. 

268.  ?  Imperator  serratns    .... 
269.  Leptonvx  sanguineus  .... 
270.  bacula  

M 
M 

C 
B 
M 
M 
M 

M 

B 
B 
M 
C 

M 

M 
0 
C 

C 

c 

D 
C 
C 

C 

c 
c 
c 
c 

OFMI 

FI 

L 
FMDI 

L 
D 
M 
VFMI 
M 

P 
P 

"v 

V 

V 

V 

V 

V 
V 
V 

MI 
MI 
I 
I 
MI 
11 
D 

DI 
MD 

DI 
M 
D 
I 
DI 
M 

272.  acuticostata     
273.  Ethalia  supravallata   .... 
273  b.  var.  invallata    .... 
274.  Livona  picoides    
275.  Trochiscus  Norrisii  

276.  convexus  

277.  Chlorostoma  fimebrale    .  . 
2776.  var.  subapertum  .... 
278.  gallina  

279.  brunneum    
280.  Pfeifferi  '  

281.  aureotinctum  

282.  Omphalius  fuscescens  .... 
283.  Calliostoma  canaliculatum 
284.  costatum  

285.  annulatum  

286.  varie^atum  

268.  ?  Imperator  serratus,  n.  s.    Small,  finely  sculptured,  base  stellate,  nucleus  Plan- 

orboid :  operc.  Hat,  with  more  whirls.     10-20  fm.  =  266  or  267  jun.  teste  Cp. 

269.  Leptonyx  sanyuineus,  Linn.  n.  g.     Like  Collonia,  not  umbilicate.     Operc.  with 

horny  and  shelly  layers,  many  whirls,  outside  flattish,  not  ribbed,  margin 
broad.     Species  red  'or  purple,  lirate.     Bch.-20  fm.  Cp. 

270.  Leptonyx  bacula,  u.  s.     Small,  ashy,  Ilelicina-shaped,  nearly  smooth.     Bch. 

d.  Cp.     Genus=IIomalopoma,  p/537 :  nom.  preoc. 

271.  Liotia  fenestrata,  n.  s.    Small.    Strongly  ribbed  each  way.    Bch.-40  fm.  d.  Cp. 

272.  Liotia^  acuticostata,  n.  s.     Small.    Sharply  keeled,  without  radiating  sculpture. 

10-20  fin.  Cp. 

273.  Ethalia  supravallata,  n.  s.     Minute  :  with  keel  and  furrow  near  suture. 
2736.  .Ethalia  ?var.  invallata.     Without  keel. 

274.  Livona  picoides,  Old.  Otia.   Probably  the  remnant  of  an  ancient  colony  of  pica. 

275.  Trochiscus  Norrisii,  Sby.  Tank.     Nucleus  as  in  Solarium  :  perhaps  a  Probosci- 

difer,  though  pearly. 

276.  Trochiscus  convexus,  n.  &.     Small,  subturrited,  whirls  swollen :  umbilicus  with 

2  ribs,  the  outer  crenated. 

277.  Chlorostoma  funebrale,  A.  Ad.  P.  Z.  S.  1854,  p.  SI6=marginatum,  Nutt.  non 

Rve.     Blackish,  often  puckered  near  suture. 
2776.   Chlorostoma  funebrale,  var.  subapertum,  with  umbilical  pit. 

278.  Chlorostoma  gallina,  Fbs.  P.  Z.  S.  1850,  p.  271.     Olive,  dashed  with  purple. 

Var.  pyriformis,  Old.,  umbilicus  partly  or  wholly  open. 

279.  CJilorostoma  brunneum,  Phil.    Auburn :  finely  striate :  Gibbuloid  aspect.    The 

young  (teste  Cp.)  has  a  basal  rib. 

280.  Chlorostoma  Pfeifferi,  Phil.     Like  brunneum :  outside  Ziziphinoid :  umbilicus 

keeled. 

281.  Chlorostoma  aureotinctum,  Fbs.  P.  Z.  S.  1850,  p.  271  =nigerrimum,  Gmel.  ?  Mus. 

Cum.     Gibbuloid  :  with  distant  grooves  and  fine  sculpture  ;  mouth  orange- 
spotted. 

282.  Omphalius  fuscescens,  Phil.    Almost  identical  with  liyulatus,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  293. 

283.  Calliostoma  canaliculatum,  Mart.=6fo/<Y/m/rw.     Large,  with  strong  grooves. 

284.  Calliostoma  costatum,  Mart.=/?/osww,  &c.     Smaller,  swollen,  reddish  j  finely 

ribbed.    8-15  fm.  Lyall 

285.  Calliostoma  annulatum,  Mart.=ftVr/iw<f/w.  Large,  granular,  stained  with  violet, 

286.  Calliostoma  variegatum,  n.  8.   Small,  more  conical;  nodules  more  distant;  white 

on  rosy  ground'. 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH   AMERICA. 


653 


Nutt 

Jew. 

B.A. 

Smiths.  Ins. 

Ken. 

Lord. 

Swan. 

Cooper.    , 

287.  Calliostoma  supragTanosum 
288.  gem  mill  atum 

— 

B/«. 

M 
P 

FI 
FIH 

VOI 

P 

P 
P 
P 
P 

V 

V 
V 

V 
V 

V 
V 

V 

V 
V 

V 
V 

V 
V 

D 
D 
MI 
M 
I 
D 

I 
T 

MI 
MI 

289.  splendens     

290.  Phorcus  pulli^o     

292.  optabilis  

293    funiculata      

295    lacunata  

296.  Solariella  peramabilis  .  .  .  . 
297.  Margarita  cidaris     .  . 

298.  pumlla  

298  b.  v*tr.  salmonea  .... 
299.  acuticostata    

300.  inflata     

301.  lirulata     
302.  ?  Vahlii    

304.  —  —  helicina 

287.  Calliostoma  supragranosum,  n.  s.     Swollen,   with   sharp   ribs ;   posterior   1-4 

granular. 

288.  Calliostoma  gemmulatum,  n.  s.     Very  swollen  :  painted  like  eximium  :  with  2 

principal  and  2  smaller  rows  of  granules. 

239.  Calliostoma  splendens,  n.  s.  Orange-chestnut,  with  fleshy  nacre  j  small,  rather 
flattened,  base  glossy.  6-40  fm.  Op. 

290.  Phorcus  pulligo,  Si&rt.+matvlowi,  A.  Ad.=eurt/dmphalus,  Jonas+marcidus, 

Gld.  Subgenus  of  Gibbuli,  with  expanded,  rounded  umbilicus,  and  flat 
whirls ;  sometimes  obsoletely  ribbed. 

291.  Gibbula  parcipicta,  n.  s.     Like  strong  growth  of  Marg.  lirulata,  var. 

292.  Gibbula  optabilis,  n.  s.     Wider :  decussated  between  ribs :  2  spiral  lines  insido 

umbilicus. 

293.  Gibbula  funiculata,  n.  s.     Shaped  like  Montagui:  with  rounded  spiral  riblets. 
294    Gibbula  succincta,  n.  s.     Small,  scarcely  sculptured,  with  spiral  brown  pen- 

cillings. 

295.  Gibbula  lacunata,  n.  s.     Very  small,  nearly  smooth ;  umbilicus  liemmed-in  bt 

swelling  of  columella. 

296.  Solariella  peramabilis,  n.  s.     Subgenus  of  Margarita,  with  open,  crenated  um- 

bilicus. Species  most  ornate,  with  delicate  sculpture.  Umbilicus  with  3 
internal  spiral  lines,  crossed  by  lirulae  :  operculurn  sculptured.  Like  Minolu 
aspecta,  A.  Ad.  40-120  fin.  living,  Op. 

297.  Margarita  cidaris,  A.  Ad.  n.  s.     Large,  knobby,  like  thin  Turcica,  with  simple 

pillar  and  small  umbilicus. 

298.  Margarita  pupilla,  Gld.  E.E.=e«/osfow«,  A.  Ad.    Strong,  with  sharp  ribs,  de- 

cussated between,  and  fleshy  nacre.     S-15  fm.  Lyall. 

208  b.  Margarita  ?  var.  salmonea.  Between  pupilla  and  undulata  :  salmon-tinted, 
sculpture  line,  not  decussated  :  sutures  not  waved.  6-40  fm.  Cp. 

299.  Margarita  acuticostata,  n.  s.     Small,  painting  clouded :  3  sharp  ribs  on  gpire. 

8-20  fm.  Cp. 

300.  Margarita  inftata,  n.  s.    Thin,  whirls  very  swollen ;  sculpture  very  fine  j  spiial 

hollow  inside  keeled  umbilicus. 

SOI.  Margarita  lirulata,  n.  s.  Small :  operc.  smooth  :  2  sharp  principal  riblets  on 
spire :  outline  variable.  Var.  subelecata,  raised,  livid :  var.  obsoleta,  sculp- 
ture evanescent :  ?  var.  cornea,  very  tall,  with  intercalary  ribs,  like  G.  parci* 
picta. 

302.  Margarita  Vahlii.  Moll.     Raised,  smooth :  operc.  with  spiral  rib. 

303.  Margarita  tenuisculpta,  ?  n.  s.     Like  obsoleta,  but  operc.  ribbed. 

804.  Margarita  helicina,  Mont.     Like  the  Finmark  shells.     CircumborcaL  »v 

139 


REPORT 18G3. 


! 

Nutt. 

Jew. 

B.  A.   Smiths.  Ins. 

Ken. 

Lord. 

Swan. 

Cooper. 

305.  Crucibulum  spinosum.  .  .  . 

M 

B 

C 

DIL 

_ 



_ 

DI 

306.  Crepidula  aculeata  

B 

__ 

307.  dorsata    

0 

B 

p 

P 

V 

v 

MT> 

1 

309.  adunca  



B 

on 

P 

P 

V 

v 

NT>T 

310   ni°"osa 

B 

B 

r 

o 

1)1 

311    navicelloidcs 

M 

r 

OI 

v 

y 

I 

311  b.  var.  nummaria  .... 



p 



V 

311  c.  var.  explanata  

C 



M 





V 

V 



312.  Galerus  fastigiatus  

p 

P 

v 

y 

313.  contortus 

MPI 

314.  Hipponvx  cranioides   .... 





_ 







V 

315.  antiquatus 

?B 

?MT 

316.  serratus    

1 

317.  tumens 

B 

MT>T 

318.  Serpulorbis  squamigerus  .  . 
319.  Bivonia  compacta   .  .  [gma 

B 

B 

c 

D 

— 

— 

V 

D 

320.  Petalocouchus  macrophra- 
321.  Spiroglyphus  lituella  .... 

D 
B 

— 

— 

C 

— 

= 

= 

•  = 

Order  PECTINIBRANCHIATA. 


Suborder  ROSTIUFERA. 


Family 

Crucibulum  spinosum,  Sby.     Maz.  Cat.  no.  344.     From  Southern  fauna. 
Crepidula  aculeata,  Gmel.    Maz.  Cat.  no.  334.    From  Southern  fauna.     Round 

the  world. 
Crepidula  ? dorsata,  Brod.,  var.  lingulata,  Gld.  E.E. = var.  Wofaita,  Ma/.  Oat. 

no.  336=  C.  bilobata,  Rve.     Appears  identical  with  the  S.  American  shells. 
Crepidula  excavata,  Brod.    Maz.  Cat.  no.  337.     S.  American. 
Crepidula  adunca,  Sby.  Tar\k.=solida,  IIds.=rostrifonms,  Gld.  E.E.     Dark 

liver,  rough  epidermis,  solid  deck  with  produced  sides.    [Not  uncata,  Mke.= 

rostrata,  C.  B.  Ad., Rve.=acfemca,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  3o8.J     .Between  tides,  Lord] 

10  fm.  Cp. 
Crepidula  rugosa,  Nutt.  P.  Z.  S.  1856,  p.  224.     Probably  northern  var.  oi  unyx, 

Sby.  Maz.  Cat.  340,  with  epidermis  less  shaggy. 
Crepidula  navicelloides,  Nutt.     Shape  of  squama,  with  nucleus  of  unrjuifonnis 

(Maz.  Cat.  no.  342).     Rounded  rar.  in  hollow  bivalves=mw?y/i«/-wi,  Old. 

Var.  drawn  out  in  layers  like  Lcssomi—fimbriata,  Rve.     Var.  elongated  in 

crypts,  scooped  by  crab  or  bivalve=erp/a«ata,  Gld.  =exudata,  Nutt.=per- 

forans,  Val. 
Galerus  fastigiatus,  Gld.  E.E.     Like  mamillaris,  nucleus   large,    immersed. 

Large,  in  8^-15  fm.  Lyoll. 
Galerus  contortus,  n.  s.     Whirls  twisted :  nucleus  minute,  prominent.     20-40 

fm,  Cp. 

Family  Capulida. 

Hipponyx  cranioides,  n.  s.  Large,  rough,  flat,  intermediate  between  planatus  and 
Hipponyx  antiquatus,  Linn.  Maz.  Cat.,  no.  347.     From  Southern  fauna. 
Hipponyx  serratus,  Cpr.  Maz.  Cat.  no.  346.     From  Southern  fauna. 
Hipponyx  tunwns,  n.  s.     Growth   like   Helcion :   sculpture   more  open  than 
barbatus. 

Family  Vermetidce. 
ai8.  Serpulorbis  squamigerus,  Cpr.  P.  Z.  S.  1856,  p.  226  (not  Aides).    Large,  scaly. 

Verm,  anellum,  Morch,  P.  Z.  S.  1861,  p.  359,  is  perhaps  the  young. 
319.  Bivonia  compacta,  n.  s.     Entirely  open  within :  but  colour  and  growth  like 
31'U.  I'etaloconchus  macrophraqma,  Cpr.  Maz.  Cat.  no.  359.    From  Southern  fauna. 
321.  Spiroglijphus  litwlla,  Moich,  P.  Z.  b.  1861,  p.  154 

140 


305. 
306. 

807. 


309. 

810. 
311. 

812. 
813. 


314. 
315. 
316. 
317. 


ON  MOLLTJSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


bbb 


Nutt. 

Jew. 

B.A. 

Smiths.  Ins. 

Ken. 

Lord. 

Swan. 

Cooper. 

322.  Caecum  crebricinctum  .... 
323            Cooperi         

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

MDI 
DI 

324  Turritella  Cooperi  
325.  —  —  Jewettii   

— 

B/» 

— 

D  ?fos. 

— 

— 

— 

DI 

326   Mesalia  lacteola 

P 

v 

326  b.  var.  subplanata    .  . 
327    tenuisculpta      

— 

— 

— 

—  - 

P 

V 

D 

MB 

0 

0 

CF 







FD 

329    Bittium  filosum     

p 

P 

P 

v 

v 

329  b.  ?var.  esuriens    .... 
330.  attenuatum    

— 

B 

M 

v 

MD 

331    quadrifilatuni 

D 

B 

332    asperum     

B/!s 



DI 

333    armillatum      .  .  . 

B'A 

D 

334.  fastioiatum  



B 



335    Litorina  planaxis        ,  .  . 

0 

e 

0 

FBI 

MDT 

336.  Sitchana  

o 

PO 

P 

v 

v 

324.  Turritella  Cooperi,  n.  s. 

325.  Turritella  Jewettii,  n.  s. 

326.  Mesalia  lacteola,  ?  n.  s. 


Family  Ccecidce. 
822.   CfPcum  crebricinctum,  n.  s.     Large,  with  aspect  of  Elephantulum,  but  very  fine 

close  annular  sculpture ;  plug  subungulate.     8-20  fm.  Cp. 
323.  Ccecum  Cooperi,  n.  s.     Small,  with  30-40  sharp  narrow  ring-;. 

Family  TurriteUidce. 

Extremely  slender,  with  many  narrow  whirls,   c.  Oi', 

Like  sanguinea,  with  very  faint  sculpture. 

__  May  be  a  local  var.  of  the  circumpolar  lactea,  with 

altered  sculpture :  distinct,  teste  Cumino;. 

326  b.  Mesalia  ?var.  subplanata.     Sculpture  fainter :  whirls  flattened. 

327.  Mesalia  tenuisculpta,  n.  s.     Very  small,  slender,  whirls  rounded,  lip  waved. 

Shoal-water,  Cp. 

Family  Cerithiadce. 

328.  Cerithidea  sacrata,  Gld.  E.E.=  Ca/z/brmca,  Nu.it. -\-pullata,  Gld.     Variable  in 

shape  and  sculpture :  passes  into  Mazatlanica,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  395. 

329.  *  Bittium  filosum,  Gld.  E.E.=jKsc/«7cAfoY,  Midd.     Strong,  broad,  grooved. 
S29&.  Bittium  ?var.  esuriens.     Like  starved  filosum,  very  narrow,  adult  scarcely 

sculptured. 

330.  Bittium  attenuatum,  n.  s.     Like  plicatum,  A.  Ad.,  or  drawn-out  esuriens,  with 

threads  instead  of  grooves. 

331.  ^Bittium  quadrifilatum,  n.  s.   Broad :  4  threads,  equal  from  beginning,  coiling 

over  strong  radiating  ribs. 

332.  * Bittium  asperum,  n.  s.     Same  aspect :  upper  whirls  with  2  strong  and  2  faint 

keels  over  less  prominent  ribs.     Bch.— 40  fm.  Cp. 

333.  *  Bittium  armillatum,  n.  s.     Same  aspect :  3  nearly  equal  rows  of  knobs. 

334.  Bittium  fastigiatum,  n.  s.     Small,  slender :  apex  normal :  sutures  indented, 

anterior  rib  strong. 

Family  Litorinidce. 

335.  Litorina  planaxis,  Nutt.  Phil.  =£?«£«/«,  Gld.  E.E.     Outside  plain;  columella 

scooped. 

336.  Litorina  Sitchana,  Phi\.=sulcata,  G\d..=rudis,  Coop.  Rounded,  flat,  with  spiral 

ribs.     Var.  modesta,  Phil,  (pars)  has  sculpture  mint :  subtenebrosa,  Midd.,  is 
perhaps  a  degraded  var.     Rocks  between  tides,  Lord',  8-10  fm.  Lyall  [?]. 


*  These  species  have  so  peculiar  a  nucleus  that  they  can  scarcely  rank  near  Ceri- 
iluwin  or  Jtiissoa :  perhaps  they  are  related  to  Aiaba.  The  nucleus  of  esuriens  and 
ttttemtatum  has  not  been  seen. 

141 


656 


REPORT — 1863. 


Nutt. 

Jew. 

B.  A. 

Smiths.  Ins. 

Ken. 

Lord. 

Swan. 

Coocer.    1 

337    Litorina  scutulata 

B 

PF 

POFMI 

P 

v 

y 

MDI 

338.  ?  Assiminea  subrotundata 
339   P  Paludinella    

-— 

v 
v 

340.  Lacuna  vincta  
341    porrecta  

— 

— 

— 

— 

P 

— 

V 

v 

— 

342.  solidula    



P 

10 

P 

v 

v 

342  b.  var.  compacta  .... 
343.  variegata  

— 

— 

V 

v 

— 

R 

B 

I 

DI 

345.  Isapis  fenestrata  

v 

DI 

346.  obtusa    T  

MBDI 

347.  Rissoina  interfossa  

MI 

348.  Rissoa  compacta  

P 

y 

349.  acutehrata  
350.  Alvania  reticulata  

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

V 

D 

351.  filosa    



V 

352.  Fenella  pupoidea     

M 

353.  Barleeia  subtenuis  

DI 

DI 

353  b.  ?var.  rimata  

D 

D 

354.  haliotiphila 

H 

355.  Amphithalamus  inclusus 

— 

B 

—  - 

— 

— 

— 

D 

337.  Litorina  scutulata,  Gld.  E.E.+lepida,  Gld.     Var.  =p/<?w«,  Old.     Small,  solid, 

pointed,  flattened,  smoothish.     Rocks  between  tides,  Lord. 

338.  ?  Assiminea  subrotundata,  n.  s.     Like  a  very  thin  Litorina  :  ashen,  plain. 

339.  ?  Paludinella,  sp.     May  be  an  aberrant  Assiminea. 

340.  Lacuna  vincta,  Mont.  auct.     Circumboreal. 

341.  Lacuna  porrecta,  n.  s.     Upper  whirls  flattened,  effuse  anteriorly  j  chink  large. 
341  b.  Lacuna  ?var.  effusa.     Larger,  taller,  more  swollen. 

341  c.  Lacuna  ?var.  exa>quata,  same  shape  but  flattened. 

342.  Lacuna  solidula,  ~Lov.=carinata,  Gld.,  not  A.  Ad.=  Vodelia  siriata,  Gabb. 

Solid,  variable,  chink  small ;  sometimes  keeled  or  angular. 

342  b.  Lacuna  ?var.  compacta.     Very  small,  narrow,  orange,  scarcely  chinked. 

343.  Lacuna  variegata,  n.  s.     Very  tall,  elliise,  irregular  \vith  wide  chink  :  clouded 

or  with  zigzag  stripes :  like  decorata,  A.  Ad. 

844.  Lacuna  unifasciata,  Cpr.  P.  Z.  S.  1856,  p.  205.  Small,  glossy,  generally  with 
a  coloured  keel,  sometimes  broken  into  dots.  Var.  aurantiaca,  keel  obsolete, 
resembling  the  chinked  Phasianellce.  8-10  fin.  Cp. 

345.  Isapis  fenestrata,  n.  s.     Like  oroidea,  with  sharp  distant  ribs. 

346.  Isapis  obtusa,  n.  s.     Whirls  flattened  behind :  ribs  swollen,  uneven.      10-20 

fin.  Cp. 

Family  Rissoida. 

347.  Rissoina  interfossa,  n.  s.   With  5  sharp  keels  crossing  14  strong  ribs.    8-10  fm. 

348.  Rissoa  compacta,  n.  s.     Sculptured  like  Beanii,  with  short  broad  whirls. 

349.  Rissoa  acutelirata,  n.  s.     Alvanoid :  15  sharp,  distant,  spiral  riblets,  travelling 

over  18  sharp  distant  ribs,  obsolete  in  front. 

350.  Alvania  reticulata,  n.  s.     Open  network :  radiating  threads  travelling  over  19 

stronger  distant  spiral  threads. 

351.  Alvania  jilosa,  n.  s.     Turrited  :  pillar  purple-stained :  18   close   spiral   striae, 

passing  over  very  faint  waved  riblets. 

852.  Fenella  pupoidea,  n.  s.     Variegated,  truncatelloid  shape.     20  fm.  rare,  Cp. 

853.  Barleeia  subtenuis,  n.  s.=Ifydrobia  ?ulvee,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  417 ;  but  with  normal 

Barleeoid  operculum.     On  grass,  Cp. 

353  b.  Barleeia  ?var.  rimata.     Whirls  more  swollen  :  base  chinked. 
354.,  Barkcia  haliotiphila,  n.  s.    Longer,  narrower,  much  smaller.    On  If.  splendent. 
355.  Amphithalamus  inclusus,  n.  g.,  n.  s.     Habit  of  minute  Nematura  ;  labrum  n"t 

contracted,  but  labium  in  adult  travels  forward  to  meet  it;  leaving  a  chamber 

behind.    1\  ucleus  cancellated :  base  bluntly  ribbed. 

142 


ON  MOLLL'SCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


657 


Nutt. 

Jew. 

B.4. 

1  Smiths.  Ins.  Ken. 

Lord. 

Swan. 

Cooper. 

356.  PAmphithalamus  lacunatus 
35".  Truncatella  Califbruica  .  . 
358.  Jetfrevsia  Alderi 

— 

?B 
C 

B 

B 
B 
B 
B 

B 

—  / 

C 

C 

C 
0 

C 

D 
II 

% 
L 

L 

M 
D 

P 

— 

V 

D 

D 

D 
D 
MB 

MI 
D 

DI 
DI 
I 
DI 
MDI 
D 
BDI 

D 
M 
D 

359.  —  translucens  

360.  Cithna  albida         

361.  Diala  marmorea  
36^             acuta 

— 

363    Stvliferina  turrita    .  . 

364.  Had  ins  variabilis  

365    Luponia  spadicea 

306.  Trivia  Californica    

ft  ;7    Solandri     

368.  Erato  vitellina  

ft09.  coluinbella  

370.  Myurella  simplex     

371.  Drillia  inermis  
372.  incisa   

373.  moesta  

374.  torosa  .           .... 

374  b.  ?var.  aurantia  .... 

356.  ?  Amphithalamus  lacunatus,  n.  s.     Same  nucleus ;   base  chinked,  not  keeled. 

(Adult  not  found.) 

Family  Truncatellidce. 

357.  Truncatella  Californica,  Pfr.  Pneum.  Viv.  Suppl.  vol.  ii.  p.  7. 

Family  Jeffreysiad<e. 

358.  Je/reysia  Alderi,  Cpr.  Maz.  Cat  no!  420. 

359.  Jeffreysia  translucens,  n.  s.  Possibly  a  Barleeia  :  pillar  thickened,  base  rounded, 

360.  Cithna  albida,  n.  s.     Very  close  to  C.  tumens,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  421,  but  umbilicus 

angled,  not  keeled. 

Family  Planaxidee. 

361.  Diala  marmorea,  n.  s.     Solid,  glossy,  clouded  with  red  :  base  faintly  angled. 

362.  Diala  acuta,  n.  s.     Base  flattened,  sharply  angled  :  turrited.    Beh.-10  fin.  Cp. 

363.  Styliferina  turrita,  n.  s.     Minute,  slender,  base  rounded. 

Family  Ooulidce. 

364.  Radius  variabilis,  C.  B.  Ad.     Maz.  Cat.  no.  435.     Probably  exotic. 

Family  Cyprteida. 

365.  Luponia  spadicea,  Gray.     Like  onyx,  but  light-coloured. 

366.  Trivia  Californica,  Gray.     Small :  ribs  sharp,  distant. 

367.  Trivia  Solandri,  Gray.  Maz.  Cat.  no.  441.    From  Southern  fauna.    Sta.  Barb. 

and  St.  Nich.  Is.  common,  Cp. 

368.  Erato  vitellina,  Hds.  Sulph.     Large,  wide-mouthed  :  paries  callous. 

369.  Erato  columbella,  Mke.=leucophcea,  Gld.    Maz.  Cat.  p.  537.     Perhaps  a  var.  of 

Maugerce,  from  the  tropics.     20-40  fm.  c.  Cp. 

Suborder  TOXIFERA.  Family  Terebridce. 

370    MtjureUa  simplex,  n.  s.    Sculpture  very  faint  and  variable :  shape  of  albocincta. 
c.  Cp. 

Family  Pieurotomida. 

371.  Drillia  inermis,  Hds.  Sulph.     Early  whirls  close  sculptured.     Beach-16  fm. 

living.  Cp. 

372.  Drillia  incisa,  n.  s.     Like  inermis  :  spiral  sculpture  grooved,  not  raised. 

373.  Drillia  mceata,  n.  s.     Like  large  luctuosa  :  middle  whirls  with  long  transverse 

ribs  and  posterior  knobs ;  adult  obsolete. 

374.  Drillia  torosa,  n.  s.  Whirls  rounder,  olivaceous  :  with  one  row  of  strong  bosses 

throughout :  no  posterior  knobs. 

374  b.  Drillia  Fvar.  aurantia.    Orange,  withsutural  riblet  and  faint  spiral  sculpture. 
1863. 


C58 


REPORT— 18G3. 


—                                                           — 

Nutt. 

Jew. 

B.A. 

Smiths.  Ins. 

Ken. 

Lord. 

Swan. 

Cooper. 

375    Drillia  penicillata  



L 







p 

377.  Mangelia  levidensis     .... 
378.  tabulata  

— 



— 

— 

P 

— 

V 

V 

— 

379  interfossa  

v 

380.  crebricostata  
381    varie^ata  

— 

B 

— 

— 

— 

— 

V 

— 

381  b.  ?var.  nitens  

B 



382   angulata  

B 

p 

M 

383.  Bela  fidicula    

P 

P 

v 

384.  excurrata    

P 

385.  ?  Daphnella  aspera  



M 

380.  ?  filosa  

B 

387.  ?  effusa     

v 

388.  Conus  Califomicus    . 

B 

0 

D 

DI 

389.  Obeliscus  Pvariegatus  .... 
390.  Odostomia  nuciformis  
390  6.  ?var.  avellana  
391.  satura  ....        

— 

L 

~     " 



V 
V 

v 

D 

391  b.  ?var.  Gouldii    
392.  gravida    

— 

R 

— 

— 

— 

— 

V 

D 

393   inflata 

v 

375.  Drillia  penicillata,  n.  s.     Like  inermis,  with  delicate  brownish  pencilling s. 

376.  Drillia*  cancellata,  ?  n.  s.     Like  the  young  of  incisa,  but  nodosely  cancellated. 

377.  Mangelia  levidensis,  n.  s.     Stumpy,  purplish  brown,  with  rough  sculpture. 

378.  Mangelia  tabulata,  n.  s.  Stout,  strongly  shouldered,  coarsely  cancellated.  Pillar 

abnormally  twisted. 

379.  Mangelia  interfossa,  n.  s.     Like  attenuata,  delicately  cancellated. 

380.  Mangelia  crebricostata,  n.  s.     Like  septangularis,  with  closely  set  ribs. 

381.  Mangelia  variegata,  n.  s.     Small,  slender,  thin,  zoned  with  brown  :  9  narrow 

ribs,  and  strong  spiral  striae. 
381  b.  Mangelia  ?var.  nitens.    Glossy  :  spiral  lines  almost  obsolete. 

382.  Mangelia  angulata,  n.  s.    Shape  of  variegata,  but  brown,  whirls  broad,  angular. 

383.  Belajidicula,  Old.  E.E.     Very  close  to  turricula,  var.     8-10  fm.  Lyall 

384.  Bcla  excurvata,  n.  s.     Like  Trevelliana  :  stumpy,  Chrysalloid. 

385.  ? Daphnella^  aspera,  n.  s.     Elongated,  with  coarse  fenestration. 

386.  ? Daphnella^  Jilosa,  n.  s.      Small,  diamond-shaped,  but  rounded  periphery; 

spirally  threaded. 

387.  tDaphndla\  effusa,  nom.  prov.     Thin,  extremely  drawn-out,  sculpture  faint. 

Family  Conidce. 

388.  Conus  Califomicus,  Hds.  Sulph.=ran/s,  Gld.     Chestnut,  plain. 

Suborder  PKOBOSCIDIFERA.        Family  Pyramidellidee. 
Ooeliscus  ?variegatus,  n.  s.     From  Gulf  fauna.     Periphery  with  spiral  groove. 


Colour-pattern  clouded. 
390.  Odostomia  nuciformis,  n.  s. 
390  b.  Odostomia  ?var.  avellana. 


Very  large,  solid,  Tomatelloid. 
Shape  of  conoidalis. 

391.  Odostomia  satura,  n.  s.     Large,  with  swollen  whirls  like  JBithinia  similis. 
391  b.  Odostomia  ?var.  Gouldii.     Taller,  base  gently  rounded. 

392.  Odostomia  gravida,  Gld.  Otia.     Like  c&noidalis,  but  nucleus  minute. 

393.  Odostomia  inflata,  n.  s.     Like  large  dolioliformis :  with  most  minute  spiral 

striulation.    Farallone  Is.     On  Hal.  rufescens,  teste  Darbishire. 

*  A  peculiar  group  of  species,  resembling  CUonella  (marine,  teste  Stimpson.) 
t  Generic  position  of  all  these  doubtful :  perhaps  they  belong  to  genera  not  yet 
eliminated  :  Jilosa  resembling  the  Eocene  foiius  Itcwetn'  Conus  and  Ptcurrtoma. 

144 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


659 


Nuti. 

Jew. 

B.A. 

Smiths.  Ins. 

Ken. 

Lord. 

Swan. 

Cooper. 

304.  Odostomia  straminea  .... 
£95.  tenuisculpta    

— 

— 

— 

H 

— 

— 

V 

c 

396.  Chrysallida  cincta     .  .    .  . 

\ 







I 

397.  pumila  
398.  Dunkeria  laminata         .  .  . 

— 

B 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

DI 
D 

399.  Chemnitzia  trident  at  a     .  . 
400.  chocolata 

— 

B 

— 

— 

P 

— 

— 

MD 
D 

4  05.  var.  aurantia    
401.  tenuicula  

— 

B 
B 

B 

— 

P 

— 

— 

1) 

4016.  ?var.  subcuspidata  .  . 
402.  crebrifilata     

— 

B 

— 

— 

— 

— 

D 

403    torquata 

B 

P 

v 

4036.  —  —  ?var.  stylina    

B 

M 

404.  virgo    
405.  Eulima  micans     

— 

B 

— 

— 

P 

— 

v 

DI 

407    rutila        

M 

408.  thersites  

— 

B 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

394.  Odostomia  straminea,  n.  s.     Like  tall  var.  of  inflata,  with  straw-coloured  epi- 

dermis, not  striulate. 

395.  Odostomia  tenuiscidpta,  n.  s.     Like  sublirulata,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  487,  with  obsolete 

sculpture  throughout. 

396.  Chrysallida  cincta,  n,  s.     Passing  towards  Mumiola.     Radiating  sculpture  very 

faint. 

397.  Chrysallida  pumila,  n.  s.     Like  ovulum,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  512,  but  slender  ;  spiral 

lines  delicate. 

398.  Dunkeria  laminata,  n.  s.   Subgenus  of  Chemnitzia,  with  rounded  whirls  :  typical 

species.     Aspect  of  Fenella,  finely  cancellated. 

399.  Chemnitzia  tridentata,  n.  s.     Large,  chestnut  :  19-24  ribs,  evanescent  at  peri- 

phery :  waved  interspaces  with  8-10  spiral  grooves  :  labrum  with  3  teeth, 
hidden  as  in  Obeliscus  :  base  round. 

400.  Chemnitzia  chocolata,  n.  s.   Same  size  and  colour  :  not  toothed  :  base  prolonged  : 

crowded  ribs  minutely  striulate  between. 
Chemnitzia  Pvar.  aurantia.      Intermediate  between  the  above:  orange,  base 

round  ;  26  ribs,  striulate  between. 
Chemnitzia  tenuicula,  Gld.  Otia.     Shape  of  tridentata  dwarfed:  whirls  flatter, 

base  prolonged,  spiral  grooving  strong. 

Chemnitzia  Pvar.  subcuspidata.     Kibs  more  distant,  muricated  at  sutures. 
Chemnitzia  crebrifilata,  n.  s.     Slender,  whitish  :  with  8  spiral  threads  passing 

over  24  ribs,  evanescent  round  base. 
Chemnitzia  torquata,  Gld.  Otia  =  Vancouverensis,  Gld.     Ribs  truncated  before 

periphery,  leaving  plain  band  above  sutures. 
Chemnitzia  Pvar.  stylina.     Like  torquata,  tapering,  less  swollen  in  front,  with 

more  ribs,  band  less  marked. 
404.  Chemnitzia  virgo,  n.  s.   Very  slender,  with  short,  smooth  base  :  18  ribs,  evanes- 

cent at  periphery,  and  8  spiral  grooves. 


401. 

401  b 
402. 

403. 


Family  Eulimidce. 

405.  Eulima  micans,  ?  n.  s.     Perhaps  a  small  var.  of  the  European  polita*    30-40  fm. 

living.  Cp. 

406.  Eulima  compacta,  ?  n.  s.     Small,  with  blunt  spire  and  elongated  base. 

407.  Eulima  rutila,  ?  n.  s.     Leiostracoid,  rosy,  base  lengthened.     Like 

Maz.  Cat.  no.  551. 

408.  Eulima  thersites,  n.  s.     Very  broad,  short,  twisted. 

10  145 


REPORT — 1863. 


Nutt 

Jew. 

B.A. 

Smiths.  Ins. 

Ken. 

Lord. 

Swan. 

Cooper.    1 

409.  Scalaria  Indianorum    .... 
4095.  pyrtr.  tincta  

— 

— 

— 

L 

— 

— 

V 

1) 

410.  PCumino-ii   





I) 

4106.  Pgracilis  

D 

411    subcoronata       .      .  , 

Al 

412    -—  —  crebricostata 

MI) 

413    bellastrlata 

Al 

414.  Opalia  borealis     

P 

v 

415.  ?var.  insculpta    .... 
416.  sponoiosa     

— 

B/*'. 

— 

— 

— 

Al 

417.  retiporosa 

I 

418.  bullata  

B 

419.  Cerithiopsis  tuberculata.  . 
420.  columna  

— 

B 

—  ! 

— 

— 

— 

V 

v 

MD 
Al 

421    munita          . 

v 

422.  purpurea  

B 

MD 

423   fortior 

R 

424.  assimilata    

I 

425   Triforis  ?ad  versa 

y 

I 

426.  Cancellaria  modesta    .... 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

V 

Family  Scalariadce. 

409.  Scalaria  Indianorum,  P  n.  s.     Between  Titrtonis  and  communis :  like  "  Geor- 

(fettina,  Kien.  Mus.  Cum.  no.  34,  Brazil/' 

409  &.  Scalaria  ?var.  tincta.     Purple-brown  behind:  like  rcgularis,  without  spiral 
sculpture. 

410.  Scalaria  ?Cumingii,  Cpr.  P.Z.S.  1856,  p.  165. 
410 &. Scalaria  ?gracilis,  Sby.  in  Mus.  Cum. 

411.  Scalaria  subcorotuita,  n.  s.     Like  young  communis,  with  more  and  sharper  ribs, 

faintly  coronated  when  adolescent. 

412.  Scalaria  crebricostata,  n.  s.=Mus.  Cum.  no.  32:  15  sharp  reflexed  ribs,  coro- 

nated against  the  sutures. 

413.  Scalaria  bettastriata,  n.  s.     Shape  like  pretiosa,  jun. :  ribs  very  close,  spinous 

at  shoulder,  crossed  by  spiral  riblets. 

414.  Opalia  borealis,  Gld.  E.  E.     Very  close  to  austmlis :  obsolete  forms  like  Ocho- 

tensis,  Midd. 

415.  Opalia  (?crenatoides,  var.)  imcidpta.     Like  the  C.  S.  L.  form  and  crenaia,  but 

ribs  closer,  without  spiral  sculpture,  sutural  holes  behind  the  basal  rib. 

416.  Opalia  spongiosa,  n.  s.     Like  small,  veiy  slender  gramdata:  surface  riddled 

with  deep  punctures  in  spiral  rows. 

417.  Opalia  retiporosa,  n.  s.    Sculpture  in  network,  with  deep  holes.   40  fm.  d.  r.  Cp. 

418.  Opalia  buttata,  n.  s.     Shape  of  Rissoina  :  with  sutural  bosses  :  no  basal  rib. 

Family  Cerithiopsidce. 

419.  Cerithiopsis  tubercidata,  Mont.  fhbs.  &Hanl.     Agrees  with  the  British  rather 

than  with  the  Mazatlan  form,  Cat.  no.  557. 

420.  Cerithiopsis  columna,  n.  s.     Very  tall :  nodules  close,  like  strung  figs. 

421.  Cerithiopsis  munita,  n.  s.     Stout:  strono-ly  sculptured  :  base  evenly  ribbed. 

422.  Cerithiopsis  purpurey,  n.  s.     Stained  with  purple :  nodules  fine  :  base  finely 

lirate. 

423.  Cerithiopsis  fortior,  n.  s.     Sculpture  open  :  strong  basal  rib. 

424.  Cerithiopsis  assimilata,  C.  B.  Ad.  Maz.  Cat.  no.  563.   With  spiral  keels.   Prom 

Southern  fauna. 

425.  Triforis  ?adversa,  Mont.  Fbs.  &  Hani.    Agrees  with  British  specimens.     10- 

40  fm.  v.  r.  Cp. 

Family  Cancellariada. 

-420.    Cimcellaria  modesta,  n.  s.     Like  Trickotrojris  borealis,  with  two  slanting  |r<vjta 
and  spiral  ribs  travelling  up  the  paries.     See  also  p.  615;  nos.  403,  8t7. 

146 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


r- 

Nutt. 

Jew. 

B.A. 

Smiths.  Ins. 

Ken. 

Lord. 

Swan. 

Cooper. 

427.  Trichotropis  cancellata  .  . 
428.  inermis    .  .          .... 

C 

C 

"c 

B 
B 
B 

B 
C 
B 

p 

p 
p 
p 

p 

c 

00 

¥ 
ID 

VP 
L 

i 

F 

D 
M 

P 
~P 

P 
P 
P 

P 
P 

V 
V 

V 
V 
V 
V 
V 
V 
V 

V 

D 

D 
M 
BD 
DI 
MI 

MDI 
D 
DI 
MDI 
D 

429.  Velutina  Isevigata   

430.  prolongata  

431.  Natica  clausa  

432.  Lunatia  Lewisii  

433.  pallida  

434.  Neverita  Recluziana   .... 
435.  Priene  Oregonensis  
436.  Ranella  Californica  

437.  Mitra  maura    

438.  Marginella  Jewettii    .... 
439.  subtrigona  

440.  regularis  

441.  Volutella  pyriformis   .... 
442.  Volvarina  varia         . 

443.  Olivella  biplicata  

V 
V 

444.  bsetica  

427.   Trichotropis  cancellata,  Hds.  Sulph.    Sculpture  strong,  open.    Epidermis  bristly. 
428.   Trichotropis  inermis,  Hds.  Sulph.     Sculpture  faint  :  not  bristly. 

429. 
430. 

431. 
432. 

433. 
434. 


435. 
436. 


438. 

439. 
440. 

441. 
4*2. 


443. 
444. 


Family  Velutinidce. 

Velutina  lavigata.  Linn.  Fbs.  &  Hani.     Exactly  accords  with  British  speci- 
mens.    ?  =  Kamtschatkana,  Desh. 
Velutina  prolongata,  n.  s.    Spire  very  small.     Labrum  produced  in  front. 

Family  Naticida. 

Natica  clausa,  Brod.  &  Sby.    Umbilicus  closed.    Operc.  shelly.     Circumboreal. 

Lunatia  Lewisii,  Gld.  E.  E.  =  hercul&a,  Midd.  Whirls  flattened  behind.  Abun- 
dant on  beach,  Cp. 

Lunatia  pallida,  Br.  &  Sby.  =  caurina+soluta,  Gld.  Globular,  compact,  whitish. 
Boreal. 

Neverita  Recluziana,  Petit,  Eve.  Large,  solid,  raised,  with  brown  grooved 
lump  on  pillar.  Also  Guaymas. 

Family  Tritonidce. 

Priene  Oregonensis,  Redf.   Like  cancellata,  but  coarser  sculpture.    6fm.  Lyall. 
Ranella  Californica,  Hds.  Sulph.     Scarcely  differs  from  fine  specimens  of  R. 
ventricosa,  in  Mus.  Cum. 

Family  Fasciolarida. 

Mitra  maura,  Swains.  Nutt.  =  orientalis,  Gray='  Chilensis,  Gray,'  Kien.  Very 
dark  and  plain.  Peru.  Sand  between  rocks,  1.  w.  Cum.  Peru. 

Family  Marginellidce. 
Marginella  Jewettii,  Cpr.  P.  Z.  S.  1856,  p.  207.     Like    the   Mogador    species, 

somewhat  shorter  and  broader.     10-20  fm.  Cp. 
Marginella  subtrigona,  n.  s.     Shape  of  Erato  cohtmbella. 
Marginella  regidaris,  n.  s.     Between  Jewettii  and  minor,  C.  B.  Ad.  Maz.  Cat. 

no.  587.     Beach-20  fm.  Cp. 
Volutella  pyriformis,  n.  s.     Genus  of  Swainson  (not  D'Orb.)  =  Closia}  Gray. 

Like  V.  margaritula,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  589,  but  produced  in  front. 
Volvarina  varia,  Sby.     C.  S.  Lucas,  W.  Indies. 

Family  Olivida. 

O'ivella  biplicata,  Sby.  Tank. ~ylandinaria,  Nutt.     Nut-shaped. 
Olivella  bcetica,  n.  s.     Narrow,  dull,  thin :  has  been  erroneously  called  anazara, 
teryina,  petiolita)  and  rujifasciata. 

147 


REPORT 1863. 


Nut4. 

Jew. 

B.A. 

Smiths.  Ins 

Ken. 

Lord. 

Swan. 

Cooper. 





pn 

P 

v 

D 

416    _^_  perpiiiftiis     

B 

o 

(?P)L 

BDI 



• 

I 

448.  mendica  



f) 

p 

POF 

P 

V 

v 

MD 

449.  Cooperi    
450   teo-ula            

— 

? 

T,f! 

L 

DI 
D 



B 

P 

VD 

P 

V 

v 

M 

452   ?  Californiana  .... 

"R 

n 

Bfs 

y 

MDI 

4-54.  ?  chrysalloidea     .... 
455    P  undata 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

D 
I 

456.  ?  Truncaria  corrugata  .... 
457.  Columbella  carinata    .... 
4576    ^vctr  Hindsii   ...    . 

— 

B 
B 

0 

c 

D 

VPFMI 

P 

— 

V 

v 

DI 
MDI 
MD 

458.  Purpura  crispata  

o 

F 

f! 

VPOF 

P 

V 

V 

F 

459.  canaliculata    

VF 

V 

V 

460.  saxicola   

_ 

n 

o 

VPF 

P 

v 

V 

FI 

4006   var  fuscata 

p 

v 

460  c.  var.  emarginata    .  . 
±QOd  var  ostrina 

B 

B 

F 

c 
c 

D 
POC 

P 

v 

v 

D 
FD 

Family  Buccinida. 

445.  Nassa  fossata,  Gld.  E.  E.  =  eleyans,  Rve.  non  Desh.   Large,  broad,  flattened  spire. 

446.  Nassa  perpinguis,  Hds.  Sulph.     Same  type,  smaller,  rounder,  narrower. 

447.  Nassa  inscidpta,  n.  s.     Zeuxis,  with  varix  and  non-reflexed  callus.     Spirally 

grooved.     40  fm.  living,  r.  Op. 

448.  Nassa  mendica,  Gld.  E.  E.  -f  Gibbesii,  Coop.  =  Woodivardii,  Fbs.    Very  variable : 

some  forms  approach,  trivittata. 

449.  Nassa  Cooperi,  Fbs.  P.  Z.  S.  1850,  p.  273.     Like  mendica,  with  7  distant  ribs, 

and  fine  spiral  sculpture. 

450.  Nassa  tegula,  Rve.    Maz.  Cat.  no.  624.     From  Southern  fauna. 

451.  Amycla  gausapata,  Gld.  E.  E.     (Genus  rearranged  for  Columbellids  with  Nas- 

soid  opercula,  probably  including  Alia  and  Astyris.)     Strong,  solid,  varie- 
gated, smooth. 

452.  Amycla  ?  Californiana,  Gask.  P.  Z.  S.  1851,  p.  12.     Whirls  more  swollen. 

453.  Amycla  tulerosa,  n.  s.     Very  close  to  minor,  Scacchi,  but  with  different  nu- 

cleus.    8-10  fm.  c.  Cp. 

454.  ? Amycla  chrysalloidea,  n.  s.     Shape  of  Truncaria  eurytoides,  but  mouth  not 

effuse  :  spirally  fun-owed.     Shoal-water,  Op. 

455.  ?  Amycla  ttndata,  n.  s.     Like  stumpy,  small  corrugata,  with  waved  sculpture. 

40  fm.  not  r.  Cp. 

456.  ?  Truncaria  corrugata,  Rve.  Conch.  Ic.  ("  Succinum:"  " Pisania,"  Add.     May 

be  an  Amycla.)     Large,  with  waved  ribs  and  spiral  striae.     Dwarfed  at  40 
fm.  Cp. 

457.  "  Columbella  "  carinata,  Hds.  Sulph.     Small,  turrited,  smooth,  with  stout  pos- 

terior keel.     (Perhaps  Amycla.)     Beach,  Cp. 
4576.  Columbella  ?var.  Hindsii,  Rve.     Keel  shorter,  till  it  ceases,  as  in  gamapata. 

Family  Purpuridee. 

458.  Purpura  crispata,  Chem.=:plicata,  Mart.  =  lactuca,  ~Esch.=septentrionalis,  Rve. 

-f  &c.     Large,  strong,  canal  distinct,  smooth  or  foliated. 

459.  Purpura  canaliculata,  T)iicl.=:dccemco8tata,  Midd.-\-aUenuata,~Rve.-}-analo(jra, 

Fbs.    With  elegant  spiral  grooves.     Chrysodomoid. 
400.  Purpura  saxicola^ ?i\.  —  lapillus,  Coop.    Like  the  Atlantic  species,  rough,  pillar 

scooped,  with  brown  spiral  lines. 

4606.  Purpura  var.  fuscata,  Fbs.     Raised  thin  form,  dull,  with  faint  sculpture. 
460c.  Purpura  var.  emarginata,  Desh.     Short,  swollen,  with  scaly  sculpture. 
400  d.  Purpura  var.  ostrina,  Gld.  E.  E.     Short,  swollen,  nearly  smooth. 

148 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


663 


Nutt, 

Jew. 

B.A. 

.Smiths.  Ins. 

Ken. 

Lord. 

Swan. 

Cooper. 

4(51.  Monoceros  engonatum    .  . 
4616.  ?var.  spiratum    .  .  .  . 
462.  lapilloides    
463.  Ocinebra  lurida  and  vars. 
434.  interfossa  .           ... 

B 
B 

"o 

¥ 

BA 

?B 
B 

"i 

C 

B 
B/«. 

C 

C 

0 

C 
C 
D 

— 

L 
LC 

P 

? 

A 

D 

D 
FI 
MI 
L 
PODI/a. 

L 
I 
M 

(§ 

D 
V 

P 
P 

P 

P 
P 

?Pjn 

V 
V 

V 

V 
V 

V 

V 
V 

V 
V 
V 

V 

DI 
I 
I 
M  jun.I 
Mjun. 

DI 
?D 
D 
MD 

D 
MBDI 

465.  ?  Poulsoni    

466.  Cerostoma  foliatum     .... 
467.  Nuttallii  

468.  monoceros    

469.  Chorus  Belcheri 

470.  Nitidella  Gouldii  

471.  Pedicularia  Californica  .  . 
472.  Pteronotus  fe  stivers  

473.  Muricidea  Californica  .... 
474.  Trophon  multicostatus   .  . 
475   Orpheus 

476.  triancrulatus 

I 
BD 

?I 

477.  Siphonalia  Kellettii    
478.  fuscotincta 

479.  Chrysodomus  tabulatus  .  . 
480.  liratus  

461.  Monoceros  engonatum,  Conr.=unicarinatum,  Sby.     Brown-dotted,  with  sharp 

posterior  keel,  smoothish.     Beach,  Cp. 
4616.  Monoceros  ?var.  spiratum  (Blainv.).     Light  colour ;  scaly;  horn  not  developed. 

462.  Monoceros  lapilloides,  Conr.=j9WHefotfMm,Gray-f brevidens,  Com-.     Not  should- 

ered :  shape  of  lapillus. 

463.  Ocinebra  lurida,  Midd.      (Genus  reconstituted  for  Muricoid  Purpurids  with 

irregular  varices.)     Like  canaliculata,  brown,  with  swelling  ribs.     Beach  on 

Cat.  Is.  living.  Cp. 

463b.Ocinebra  var.  aspera,  Baird.     Sculpture  rough. 
463  c.  Ocinebra  var.  munda.     Tall,  with  faint  sculpture. 

464.  Ocinebra  interfossa,  n.  s.     Purple- brown,  with  latticed  sculpture. 

465.  ?  Ocinebra  Poulsoni,  Nutt.     Shape  like  M.  monoceros,  with  brown  spiral  lines. 

466.  Cerostoma  foliatum,  Gmo[.=:monodon,  Esch.     Large,  with  winged  varices. 

467.  Cerostoma  Nuttallii,  Conr.  Smaller,  pear-shaped :  interstices  scarcely  sculptured. 

468.  Cerostoma  monoceros,  Sby.     Spire  raised  :  whirls  rough,  rounded. 

469.  Chorus  Belcheri,  Hds.  Sulph.     Very  large,  with  irregular  varices  like  Trophon. 

L.  w.  com.  Cp. 

470.  Nitidella  Gouldii,  Cpr.  P.  Z.  S.  1856,  p.  208.     Slender :  like  thin  A.  gausapata, 

with  Purpuroid  operc. 

471.  Pedicularia  Californica,  Newc.     Small,  purple,  highly  sculptured. 

Family  Muricida. 

472.  Pteronotus  festivus,  Hds.  Sulph.     Form  irregular ;  frills  reflexed. 

473.  Muricidea  Calif  arnica,  Hds.  Sulph.  Varices  faintly  developed.    L.w.-20fm.  Cp. 

474.  Trophon  multicostatus t  Esch.  =  Guaneri,  Lov.  live.     Frills  spiny  behind  :  not 


sculptured  spirally.     Circumpolar. 

Trophon  Orpheus,  Gld.  E.  E.     Like  the  iasfe,  with  distant  spiral  riblets. 
Trophon  triangulatus,  n.  s.    Typhoid  shape  :  frills  triangular,  white.    60  fm.  Cp. 
Siphonalia  Kdlettii,  Fbs.  P.  Z.  S.  1850,  p.  274.     Very  lai 


475. 
476. 
477. 

swollen  whirls.     Also  Japan.     1  living *6|  in.  long. 

478.  Siphonalia  fuscotincta,  n.  s.     Like  the  same  in  extreme  miniature. 

479.  Chrysodomns  tabulatus,  Baird,  P.  Z.  S.  1863,  p.  66.    Large,  with  posterior  keel, 

and  delicate  sculpture.     120  fm.  dead,  Cat.  Is.  Cp. 

4.80.   Chrysodomus  liratus,  Mart.  =  dccemcostatus,  Midd.  (?  Say)  =  MiddendorffH,  Coop. 
Swollen,  with  distant  keels.     Whidby's  Is. 

149 


064 


REPORT 1863. 


Nutt. 

Jew. 

B.A. 

Smiths.  Ins. 

Ken. 

Lord. 

Swan. 

Coouer. 

481    ChiTSodomus  dims  

P 

VI 

P 

V 

v 

432.  rectirostris  





P 

B/> 

c 

FMI 

BDI 

484   Macron  Kellettii 

L 

L 

pT 

485.  lividus     



L 

D 

486   Anachis  subturrita  

D 

487.  ?  penicillata  

B 

DI 

488.  Argonauta  Argo  

I 

489.  Octopus  pimctatus  

fFL) 

?p 

py 

I 

490.  Ommastrephes  giganteus  . 
491   Ayresii 

— 

— 

— 

— 

I 
I 

492.  Onychoteuthis  fusiformis  . 

— 

— 

— 

?M 

?P 

— 

— 

I 

481.  Chrysodomus  dirus,  Rve.  =  ewctsws,  Gld.  =  Sitchensis,  Midd.     Dark  liver,  with 

spiral  grooves. 

482.  Chrysodomus  rectirostris,  n.  s.     Small,  white,  smooth,  with  straight  canal. 

483.  Fusus  ambustw,  Gld.  Otia.     Close  to  clavata,  Brocchi,  from  Mediterranean. 

Farallone  Is.  teste  Darbishire ;  16  fm.  c.  Cp. 

484.  Macron  Kellettii,  A.  Ad.  P.  Z.  S.  1853,  p.  185.    Large,  with  blunt  keels.    Dead, 

CO  fin.  Cat.  Is.  Cp.  . 

485.  Macron  lividus,  A.  Ad.     Small,  smooth. 

486.  Anachis  subturrita,  n.  s.     Aspect  of  small  Rissoina.     20  faint  ribs  :  no  spiral 

sculpture. 

487.  ?  Anachis  penicillata,  n.  s.    Small,  with  Metuloid  sculpture.     Beach-10  fm.  Cp. 

Class  CEPHALOPODA.        Family  Argonautida. 

488.  Argonauta  Argo,  Linn.  auct.    Like  the  Mediterranean  form.    Hundreds  on  Sta 
.  Cruz  Is.  Cp. 

Family  Qctopidce. 

489.  Octopus  punctatus,  Gabb,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  1862,  p.  170.     S.  Clemente  Is.  Cp. 

Family  Loligida. 

490.  Ommastrephes  giganteus,  D'Orb.     Peru.     Common  at  S.  Clemente  Is.  Cp. 

491.  Ommastrephes  Ayresii,  Gabb, Proc.  Cal.  Ac.     Huu-ireds  on  S.  Clemente  Is.  Cp. 

492.  Onychotcuthis  fusiformis,  Gabb,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  1802.  p.  171.     "  Cape  Horn. 

Mus.  Ac."    S.  Clemente  Is.  Cp. 

113.  It  remains  to  tabulate  the  shells  which  have  been  received  from 
special  localities,  south  of  the  State  of  California,  cither  by  the  writer  or  by 
the  Smithsonian  Institution;  -vide  Br.  Assoc.  Rep.,  par.  77. 

The  promontory  of  Lower  California  has  been  so  little  explored,  that  the 
existence  of  a  large  inland  fiord,  in  lat.  28°,  was  not  known  to  the  autho- 
rities. It  appears  that  the  whales  have  long  delighted  in  its  quiet  waters; 
and  those  whalers  who  were  in  the  secret  carefully  preserved  the  exclusive 
knowledge  of  so  profitable  a  hunting-ground.  All  that  we  know  at  present 
of  the  molluscs  of  that  region  is  from  collections  made  at  Cerros  Island,  by 
Dr.  Ayres  and  Dr.  Yeitsch.  They  are  mostly  shore  shells,  and  are  sadly 
intermixed  with  an  abundance  of  cowries,  cones,  strombs,  and  other  clearly 
Pacific  species,  which  throw  great  doubt  upon  those  which  may  be  truly 
from  the  coast.  As  it  is  manifestly  a  "  hotbed  of  spurious  species,"  nothing 
can  safely  be  built  upon  the  data,  which  present  a  singnlnr  intermixture  of 
northern  and  southern  forms.  Excluding  the  Central  Pacific  importations, 
the  lists  stand  as  follows,  the  temperate  species  being  distinguished  (as  in  the 
first  Report)  by  a  *,  the  tropical  by  a  t : — 

150 


ON    MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA, 


665 


"Sanguinolaria  Nuttalli. 

*Macoma  secta. 

Angulus  Gouldii. 
*fHeterodonax  bimaculatus. 

*Donax  Calif ornicus. 

tDonax  punctatostriatus. 

*Standella  ?  Californica. 

*Pachydesma  crassatelloides. 
*fAmiantis  callosa. 

*Chione  siinillima. 

tC  hi  one  neglecta. 

*Tapes  staminea,  Conr. 

t  Tapes  grata  and  vars. 

*Lucina  Californica. 
>  Lucina  bella. 

*Mytilus  edulis.  (One  young  specimen, 
perhaps  from  San  Francisco.) 

*Septifer  bifurcatus. 

tPecten  subnodosus,  ventricosus. 

*Pecten  monotimeris  and  vars. 

*Hinnites  giganteus. 
*tOstrea  conchaphila. 
*fAnomia  Plampe. 

Siphonaria  Eequilirata. 
"fMelampus  olivaceus. 

Helix  arrosa. 
*fBulla  nebulosa. 
*flschnochiton  Magdalensis. 

*Acmsea  persona,  var.  textilis. 


*Trochiscus  Norrisii. 
*0mphalius  Pfuscescens. 
*Omphalius  aureotinctus. 
fCrucibulum  imbricatum. 
*tCrucibulum  spinosum. 
tCrepidula  arenata  and  var. 
tCerithium  uncinatum. 
*Cerithidea  pullata. 
tCerithidea  Montagnei. 
*Litorina  planaxis. 

Luponia  sp.  ind.,  jim. 
tTrivia  Solandri. 
*Trivia  Californica. 

Drillia  penicillata. 

Myurella,  sp. 
*tNeverita  Recluziana. 
tNatica  Maroccana. 
*Scalaria  (Ind.  var.)  tincta. 
fBezoardica  abbreviata. 
fLeucozonia  cingulata. 
fStrigatella  tristis. 
*0i:vellabiplicata. 
*Purpura  ostrina,  vars. 
fPurpura  biserialis. 

Monoceros  lu^ubre. 
fVitularia  salebrosa. 

Cerostoma  monoceros. 

Ocinebra  Poulsoni. 

Chorus  Belcheri. 
tColumbella  fuscata. 
*Columbella  carinata. 
fSfrombina  gibberula. 
fAnachis  coronata. 
*fNassa  tegula. 
fNassa  complanata. 

Macron  Kellettii. 
*Macron  lividus. 


*Acni8ea  scabra,  var.  limatula. 
*Acm8ea  Pspectrum,  jun. 
*Lottia  gigantea. 
*Lucapina  crenulata. 
*Fissurella  volcano. 
*Haliotis  splendens. 
*Haliotis  Cracherodii. 
*Pomaulax  u.ndosus. 
Callopoma  tessellatuni=Fokkesii. 

The  shells  of  Margarita  Bay,  on  the  Pacific  coast  of  Lower  California,  in 
lat.  24°,  have  become  known  through  W.  Harper  Pease,  Esq.,  of  Honolulu, 
Sandwich  Islands.  Through  his  labours  we  are  likely  soon  to  be  favoured 
with  accurate  accounts  of  the  distribution  of  species  in  the  various  parts  of 
the  Pacific  Ocean.  Already  his  researches  have  greatly  enriched  our  know- 
ledge of  the  quaint  fauna  of  the  Sandwich  Islands,  from  which  he  has  elimi- 
nated the  spurious  species,  and  added  those  erroneously  ascribed  to  California 
by  previous  naturalists.  The  principal  trade  from  these  islands  is  with  San 
Francisco ;  and  "  the  coast,"  in  Mr.  Pease's  writings,  signifies  the  coast  of 
California  or  (generally)  of  Western  America.  Many  of  our  best  specimens 
of  rare  West-coast  shells  have  been  received  from  him,  and  in  remarkably 
fresh  preservation.  The  Margarita  Bay  species  were  obtained  by  one  of  his 
trained  collectors,  and  are  as  follows  : — 


Martesia  intercalata. 
Saxicava  pholadis 
Solecurtus  violascens. 
Hiatula  compacta. 
'Tellina  secta. 
Strigilla  carnaria  (pink). 
Seniele  Californica, 


151 


Donax  punctatostriatus. 

Dosinia  ponderosa. 

Callista  chionaea. 

Callista  vulnerata  (?=tricolor,  Pse.). 

Chione  succincta 

Chione  gnidia. 

Tapes  grata. 


REPORT 1363. 


*Tapes  staminea. 

Chama  frondosa. 

Cardiimi  procerum. 

Liocardium  elatum. 

Modiola  capax. 

Modiola  Brasiliensis. 

Lithophagus  attenuatus. 

Barbatia  gradata. 

Pecten  ventricosus. 

Ostrea  Virginica  (Maz.  Cat.). 
*Ostrea  lurida,  var. 

Ostrea  conchaphila. 

Ostrea  amara. 

JSiphonaria  eequilirata  (=leviuscula, 
Shy.,  teste  Cuminy). 

Siphonaria  gigas. 

•Helix  areolata,  Fbs.     (The  only  land- 
shell  received  from  the  Bay.) 

Dentalium  tetragonum,  Sby. 

Dentalium  seniipolitum. 

Dentalium  lacteum,  Phil. 

Acmsea  strigatella. 

Acmaea  atrata. 

Gadinia  reticulata. 

Calliostoma  versicolor. 
*Chlorostoma  gallina. 
"Chlorostoma  aureotinctum. 

Nerita  scabricosta. 

Nerita  Bernhardi. 

Crucibulum  spinosum. 

Crucibulum  imbricatuin. 

In  the  above  list,  the  only  strictly 
with  a  *. 


Crepidula  onyx. 

Crepidula  excavata. 

Galems  conicus. 

Cerithiuni  stercus  muscaruni, 

Pyrazus  incisus  and  var. 

Rhiuoclavis  gemmata. 

Cerithidea  Mazatlanica. 

Litorina  fasciata. 

Litorina  aspera,  var. 

Conus  "  reticulatus  "  (Pease).     Dead. 

Conus  "  emarginatus  "  (Pease).    Dead 

Conus  interruptus. 

Neverita  Reciuziana. 

Polinices  bifasciata. 

Cancellaria  urceolata. 

Cancellaria  goniostoma. 

"  Cyprcecassis    testiculus "     [perhaps 

tenuis], 

Malea  ringens. 
Priene  nodosa. 
Oliva  subangulata. 
Oliva  porphyria. 
Pui*pura  patula. 
Purpura  biserialis. 

*Purpura  ostrina.     [Normal,  living.] 
Vitularia  salebrosa. 
Monoceros  lugubre,  var. 
Cerostoma  monoceros. 
Nassa  tegula. 
Siphonalia  anomala. 
Phyllonotus  nigritiib. 

Californian  species  are  those  marked 


The  following  species  have  been  received  from  La  Paz,  besides  those  tabu- 
lated in  Major  Rich's  list,  p.  541,  in  the  C.  S.  L.  list,  p.  619.  and  the  B.  A. 
Rep.  p.  352.  It  is  clear  that  the  fauna  of  the  district  is  essentially  tropical, 
and  remarkably  free  from  Californian  species. 

Dentalium  semipolitum. 

Turritella  punctata. 

Modulus  cerodes. 

Olivella  ful-gida,  Lieut.  Trowbridge  [teste  W.  Cooper  j  but  probably  added  by 

him  accidentally  from  his  W.  African  collections.     It  has  not  been  received 

from  any  other  West-coast  source]. 
Siphonalia  modificata.    Dead. 

A  very  interesting  series  of  shells  were  collected  at  Guaymas  and  Pmacati 
Bay,  by  Capt.  Stone  and  Mr.  Sloat.  The  latter  gentleman  affixed  MS.  names 
to  those  which  he  regarded  as  new.  They  were  in  remarkably  beautiful 
condition,  the  bivalves  having  an  unusually  porcellanous  aspect,  and  many 
of  the  species  presenting  local  peculiarities. 

Mulinia  carinulata,  Desh.,=  Mactra  modesta,  Sloat  MS. 

Dosinia  ponderosa.     Very  large. 

Chione  Jluctifraya,  Sby.,=  V.  Coj-tezi,  Sloat  MS.  [=gibbosula  (Desh.),  Rvev= 

cattosa,  Sby.,  non  Conr.l 
Chione  succincta,V&l.,=  valiforniensis,  Brod.,=  V.  crassa,  Sloat  MS.     [Very 

variable  in  sculpture  ;  also,  with  the  last,  varies  greatly  in  shape,  some  of  the 

specimens  being  much  produced,  others  rounded.] 
Chione  gnidia,  Brod.     Passing  into  amathusia. 

152 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  667 

Chione  pulicaria,  Sby.,  var.,=  V.  Pinacatensis,  Sloat  MS.     Sculpture  pressed 

smooth  in  the  middle. 
Cardium  elatum.  Fine. 
Cardium  procerum.  Fine. 

Modiola  capax.     "  Choros."    Also  Sta.  Inez  Bay. 
Modiola  Brasiliensis.     (Typical.) 
Byssoarca  Paciftca. 

Ostrea  conchaphila  et  amara,  Maz.  Cat.  215. 
Chiton  (Lophyrus)  Stokesii.     Also  San  Salvador,  Capt.  Dow. 
Callopomajluctuatum. 
Bivonia  contorta. 
Turritella  goniostoma. 

Turritella  tigrina  (light  var.),=  leucostoma,  Val. 

Cerithidea  albonodosa.     Common.     [Probably  a  var.  of  Mc:zatlanica.~\ 
Strombus  gracilior.     Also  Mulege  Bay. 
Neverita  Recluziana.     [Operc.  strong,  horny.] 
Manella  triquetra.     [Operc.  sub-Buccinoid,*Wal ;  nucleus  internal,  near  middle 

of  labrum ;  scar  with  few  ridges,  as  in  Purpura."] 
Oliva  angidata.     Not  rare. 
Oliva  Cumingii,  very  callous  var. 
Agaronia  testacea. 
Monoceros  lugubre.     Very  tall  var. 
Phyllonotus  nigritus.     Very  large,  of  form  described  by  Philippi,  with  Pholacls 

in  situ.     Agiobampo  Bay. 
Phyllonotus  bicolor.     [Operc.  thin,  without  frills  or  raised  layers  ;  of  uniform 

colour.]     Also  Angeles  Bay. 

To  these  may  be  added,  from  a  second  voyage  by  Capt.  Stone  to  the 
northern  part  of  the  Gulf  of  California,  and  in  equally  good  condition — 

Area  grandis.     Agiobampo  Bay. 

Callista  semilamettosa.     Agiobampo  Bay. 

Lazaria  pectunculus  (teste  C  uming).     St.  Luis  Bay. 

Cardium  consors.     St.  Luis  Bay. 

Avicula  Peruviana.     Mulege  Bay. 

Lucina  tigerrina.     Very  fine.     San  Marcos  Island. 

Margaritiphorajimbriata.     u  Topo." 

Janira  dentata  [_  —  excavataj  Val.J.     "Caballito  del  mar,"  St.  Luis  Bay. 

Sulla  nebulosa.     "  Huevitos." 

Glyphis  in&qualis.     St.  Luis  Bay. 

Crucibulum  imbricatum.     St.  Luis  Bay. 

Cyprcea  exanthema.     (Large.)     Cape  de  Haro. 

Myurella  variegata.     Mulege  Bay. 

Solarium  gramdatum  et  var.  quadriceps.     Agiobampo  Bay. 

Polinices  bifasciata.     Angeles  Bay. 

Cypracassis  tennis  [=  Marsence,  Kien.].     Carmeu  Island. 

Harpa  crenata.     Very  fine.     Mulege  Bay. 

Bezoardica  abbreviata.     Mulege  Bay. 

Ficula  decussata.     Angeles  Bay. 

Pynda  patula.     Agiobampo  Bay. 

Malea  ringens.     Lobos  Island. 

Argonauta  Mans.     1  fine  sp.     Upper  part  of  Gulf  of  California. 

To  the  Guaymas  fauna  must  be  added,  from  Dr.  Gould's  portion  of  the 
same  collection,  "  Pecten  pyxidatus"  [?=subcrenatus,  jun.).  Also  from  the 
collection  of  the  Calif.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.,  Nassa  nodocinrtfi,  A.  Ad.  [Galapagos, 
Owning'].  On  comparing  these  lists  with  the  shells  given  in  B.  A.  Hep. 
p.  352  (in  which  the  Venus  quoted  is  not  "  staminea,  Conr.,"  but  a  southern 
species),  it  will  be  seen  that  the  fauna  of  the  upper  part  of  the  Gulf,  as  fur 
north  as  it  has  been  explored,  is  essentially  tropical.  The  Chione  fltu 

153 


COS 


REPORT— 1863. 


and  C.  succincta,  however,  and  the  Polinic.es  Recliiziana  indicate  a  connexion 
with  California  which  may  have  been,  at  a  previous  age,  more  direct  than  at 
present. 

114.  (See  first  Report,  pars.  79-83.)  Acapulco  being  notorious  for  the 
exotic  species  quoted  in  its  fauna,  it  is  desirable  to  examine  all  authentic 
collections  from  that  prolific  locality.  The  Smithsonian  series  were  ob- 
tained by  Dr.  Newberry  *  (N.\  after  his  Pacific  R.  K.  Explorations  (vide 
p.  593) ;  by  Mr.  Belcher  (B.) ;  and  by  the  Rev.  J.  Eowell  (R.),  who  obtained 
them  principally  from  the  valves  of  the  large  oysters.  The  private  collec- 
tions of  Judge  Cooper,  Col.  Jewett  (J.),  and  other  American  naturalists  have 
also  afforded  valuable  information.  The  species  from  these  various  sources, 
which  were  also  found  by  Mr.  Xantus,  are  tabulated  with  his  Cape  St.  Lucas 
series,  anted,  pp.  619-626.  The  following  have  not  been  obtained  from  the 
northern  localities : — 


Corbula  nuciformis,  J. 

Corbula  ovulata,  and  smooth  var.,  B.,  J. 

JMacha5ra  patula,  var.,  N.    [Surely  im- 
ported.] 

Sano-uinolaria  miniata,  J.,  N.,  D. 

Tellina  princeps,  B.  j  punicea,  -N.,  B. ; 
opercularis,  N. 

Strigilla  carnaria,  pale  and  crimson  vars., 
N.,B. 

Semele  proxima,  J. ;    pulchra,  J.,  N. ; 
venusta,  J. 

Donax  carinatus,  J.,  N.  j  rostratus,  J.  j 
transversus,  N. 

Trigona  Hindsii,  J. 

Mactrella  carinata,  Lam. , = alata,  Spengl., 
N.     [Perhaps  imported.] 

Dosinia  Anna3,  N. 

Callista  circinata,  J. ;  semilamellosa,  N., 
B. ;  spinosissima,  B. 

Ohione  amathusia,  N. 

jttupellaria  foliacea,  R. 

Petricola  ventricosa,  R. 

( 'hama  corrugata,  R. 

Ciirdium  Paculeatum,  jun.,  N.  [proba- 
bly from  ballast]  ;  graniferum,  N. 

Lucina  Ppectinata,  var.,  J.     [More  like 
imbricatula,  W.  I. ;  perhaps  .Jamaican.] 

Diplodonta  semiaspera,  R. 

Pelania  tellinoides,  var.,  J.    [More  like 
subglobosa,  W.  I.  j  perhaps  Jamaican.] 

Corbicula  Pconvexa,  1  worn  valve,  N. 

Scapharca  bifrons,  N.  j  labiata,  B. 

Noetia  reversa,  J.,  B. 

Argina  brevifrons,  N. 

AxinsBa    parcipicta    [=multicostata], 
J.,  N. ;  pectenoides,  J. ;  insequalis,  J. 

Lima  angulata,  J. 

Ostrea  megodon  [P.Z.  S.  1845;p.  106],  N. 

Auomia  lanipe,  J. 


Tornatina  infrequens,  B. 

Dentalium  Phexagonum,  var.,  B. 

Fissurella  nigropunctata,  J.  j  Pmacro- 
trema,  J. ;  alba,  jun.,  B.  (1  worn  sp.) 

Calliostoma  lima,  var.  aequisculpta,  N.  j 
Leanum,  J. 

Senectus  squamigerus,  J. 

Galerus  coiiicus,  N. ;  mauiillaris,  N. 

Crepidula  nivea,  R. ;  incurva,  N. 

Ttirritella  Banksii,  N. ;  leucostoma,  S. 

Ampullaria  Columbiensis,  R.  [West 
^lex^co ;  locality  uncertain.] 

Truncatella  Bairdiana,  B. 

Radius  avena,  J. 

Cypnea  exanthema,  N. 

Luponia  finibriolata,  Beck,  N.  [Pro- 
bably imported,  and  perhaps  an  im- 
perfectly developed  form  of  semipo- 
lita,  Mio-h.] 

Terebra  tuberculosa,  ^V. 

Drillia  incrassata,  B. ;  eburnea,  n.  s., 
R.  [W.Mexico;  locality  uncertain.] 

Maugelia  subdiaphana,  J. 

Conus  iuterruptus,  Br.  fy  Sby.t  B.  j  ma- 
hogani,  N. ;  puncticulatus,  N. 

Eulima  hastata,  R. 

Eulima,  like  yod,  R. 

Eulimella,  sp.  (worn),  B. 

Chemnitzia  tenuilirata,  B. 

Fasciolaria,  sp.  [size  of  tulipa,  but  with 
row  of  knoos  and  serrated  lip],  JV. 

Latirus  castaneus,  N. 

Volvarina  Pfusca,  J.  [More  regularly 
cylindrical  than  the  W.  I.  specimens, 
broader  in  proportion  near  suture 
and  at  base,  spire  much  shorter ;  but 
locality  uncertain.] 

Oliva  Julietta,  B.  1  worn  sp.  [proba- 
bly imported] ;  Pkaleontina,  dead,  N. 


*  jThe  collections  of  Dr.  Newberry  passed  principally  into  the  hands  of  Dr.  E.  Fore- 
man, late  of  Washington,  who  kindly  presented  a  series  to  the  Mus.  Smiths. 

'  154 


ON  MOL1.USCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH   AMERICA. 


Agaroma  testacea,  N. 

Riiizocheilus  madreporarum.    2  living 

sp.  on  coral,  J. 
Columbella  uncinata,*/". ;  hmnerosa,  n.  s.} 

R. ;  varians,  var.,  N.  [PImported  from 

Sandw.  Is.] 


Nassa  coliaria,  N. ;  ambigua,  TV/owf., teste 
Hani..  N.  [Probably  imported  from 
W.I.] 

Anacbis  coronata,  N. ;  Californica,  J". 

Muricidea  alveata,  J. 

Phyllonotus  brassica,  N. 


The  following  species  are  part  of  a  collection  received  at  the  Smithsonian 
Inst.  from  Real  Llejos,  and  fill  up  gaps  which  existed  in  the  Central  Ameri- 
can fauna  at  the  time  of  the  first  Report : — 

Discina  Cumingii.  Caecum  liratocinctum. 


Trigona  Hindsii. 
Hemicardium  obovale. 
Crassatella  gibbosa. 
Kellia  suborbicularis. 
Barbatia  mutabilis. 
Noetia  reversa. 
Axinaea  Pmulticostata. 
Fissurella  rugosa. 
Phasianella  perforata. 
Omphalius  viridulus. 
Hipponyx  barbatus. 


Caecum  laeve. 
Cerithium  interruptum,  var. 
Barleeia  subtenuis. 
Aricia  punctulata. 
Terebra  strigata. 
Cerithiopsis  assimilata. 
Triforis  alternata. 
Olivella  gracilis. 
PNitidella  millepunctata. 
Northia  pristis. 
Pisania  sanguinolenta. 


The  collections  received  at  the  Smithsonian  Inst.  from  Panama  consist,  in  the 
main,  of  species  already  tabulated  from  that  region.  The  following,  however, 
are  new  to  that  well-searched  portion  of  the  fauna : — 

Tellina  striata  (teste  Cuming),  Rowell,  Pease. 

Tellina  (Angulus)  amplectcms,  n.  s.,  Rowell,  Pease. 

Adula  stylina.  |  Californian  species :  either  ballast  or  error  in  num- 

Pecten  aquisulcatus,  jun.  j       bering :   Rowell. 

Litorina.    Small  spotted  species,  n.  s.,  teste  Cuming,  but  appears  identical 

with  the  W.  Indian  :  probably  imported :  Roivell. 
Fluminicola,  sp.,  Rowell. 
Drillia  albolaqueata ,  n.  s.,  Rowell. 
Natica  catenata,  Rowell. 
Cmna  costata,  Rowell. 

115.  The  Pulmonates  of  the  Pacific  slope  h.Lve  not  formed  a  special  study 
with  the  writer  of  this  Report,  as  they  were  already  in  the  abler  hands  of 
Messrs.  Binney,  Bland,  and  other  eminent  T>  ansatlantic  naturalists.  The 
opinions  of  Mr.  Binney  as  to  synonymy,  &c.,  with  descriptions  of  new 
species  and  details  of  those  previously  known,  were  given  in  papers  pub- 
lished in  the '  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.'  as  follows: — "  Descriptions  of  American 
Land  Shells,"  Feb.  1857;  "Notes  on  American  Land  Shells,"  Oct.  1857, 
May  1858,  Nov.  1858,  July  1859  :  and  also  in  the  « Proc.  Bost.  N.  H.  S.,' 
<•  Description  of  two  supposed  new  species  of  American  Land  Shells,"  Apr. 
1857.  These  are  embodied  in  '  The  Terrestrial  Air-Breathing  Molluscs  of  the 
United  States  and  the  adjacent  Territories  of  North  America,'  vol.  iv.,  by 
W.  U.  Binney,  Boston,  1859.  It  was  first  printed  in  the  « Boston  Journal 
of  Natural  History,'  vol.  vii.,  and  is  intended  as  a  Supplement  to  the  great 
treatise  by  his  father,  vols.  i.-iii.,  on  the  same  subject.  It  is  impossible  to 
speak  in  too  high  terms  of  commendation  of  the  manner  in  which  this  work 
has  been  prepared  and  executed,  and  of  the  beautiful  figures  drawn  by  Otto 
K o'liler.  The  more  matured  views  of  the  author  were  embodied  in  the 
'  Check-List  of  the  Terrestrial  Gasteropoda  of  North  America,'  published  by 
the  Smithsonian  Inst.,  June  1860,  of  which  a  second  edition  was  soon  issuco. 
The  species  were  divided  into  three  series, — (1)  those  of  the  Pacific  coast, 

155 


670  REPORT— 1863. 

trom  the  extreme  north,  to  Mazatlan  ;  (2)  those  of  eastern  N.  A.,  from  the 
boreal  regions  to  the  Rio  Grande  ;  (3)  those  found  in  Mexico,  to  which  sixteen 
from  the  first  series  are  added.  The  freshwater  Pulmonates  are  catalogued 
by  the  same  most  industrious  author,  in  the  '  Check-List  of  the  Fluviatile 
Gasteropoda  of  N".  America,'  which  contains  the  Melaniadce,  Paludinidcr, 
Ampullariadce,  Valvatidce,  and  Limnceidce ;  the  West  Coast  species  being  dis- 
tinguished by  the  letter  W,  and  the  Mexican  by  M.  Mr.  Binney  next  under- 
took a  monograph  of  the  Paludinidce,  &c.,  the  proofs  of  which  were  widely 
distributed  in  1862.  Afterwards,  assisted  by  the  extensive  series  of  speci- 
mens received  from  the  Smithsonian  Museum,  and  with  access  to  those  of 
the  principal  public  and  private  collections  in  the  U.  S.,  and  with  the  benefit 
of  Say's  types  preserved  in  the  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.,  he  prepared  a  preliminary 
synopsis  of  the  Limnceidce,  with  full  synonymy,  proofs  of  which  were  issued  by 
the  Smithsonian  Inst.,  May  4th,  1863.  Last  of  all,  under  date  Dec.  9, 1863, 
the  Smithsonian  Inst.  has  distributed  proof  copies  of  a  complete  *  Synopsis 
of  the  Species  of  Air-Breathing  Molluscs  of  N.  A.,  as  eliminated  from  their 
synonyms  by  Mr.  Binney'*.  Of  all  these  works  the  author  not  only  sent  the 
earliest  slip -proofs  to  assist  in  the  preparation  of  this  Report,  but  in  several 
instances  took  the  pains  to  write  separately  what  related  to  the  W.  coast, 
and  even  sent  the  manifold-duplicate  of  part  of  the  printer's  copy.  It  is  not 
considered  necessary  to  tabulate  each  of  these  publications  separately,  as 
they  can  easily  be  obtained  by  post,  on  application  to  Professor  Henry, 
Washington,  B.C.  The  following  list  embodies — (1)  the  classification  and 
nomenclature  of  Dec.  9th,  1863;  (2)  the  synonymy  as  given  in  previous 
synopses  ;  and  (3)  the  localities  and  authorities  supplied  by  Mr.  Binney  in 
MS.  The  following  reservation  requires  attention  : — "  As  a  mere  proof, 
which  will  undoubtedly  receive  many  corrections,  this  list  should  not  be 
quoted  as  authority,  or  referred-to  as  a  published  work." 

Mr.  Binney' 's  Arrangement  of  the  West  Coast  Pulmonates. 
t  The  species  thus  marked  have  not  been  seen  by  Mr.  Binney. 

PHANEROPNEUMONA. 

ECTOPHTHALMA.     (None  known  in  the  region.) 
OPISTHOPHTKALMA.    Fam.  Truncatellidce. 

1.  Truncatetta  California,  Pfr.,+  T.  gracilcnta,  Gld.     S.  Diego,  Cooper.    [Comp. 
Maz.  Cat.  no.  423.] 

PULMONATA. 
GEOPHILA.     §  1.  Vermivora.     Fam.  Oleacinida. 

f2.  Glandina  (Glandina)  turns,  Pfr.  (= Achatina=  Oleaciw,  Pfr.)    W.  Mexico. 

Maz.  Cat.  no.  231. 

3.  Glandina  ( Glandina}  Albersi,  Pfr.  (  =  Achatina,  Pfr.).,+  G.  Albersi,  var.  turnta, 
Cpr.     W.  Mexico.     Maz.  Cat.  no.  230. 


Mr. 

and  especially  ^.. — .. 

Nat  Hist  N.  York,'  Oct.  1863.  In  an  addendum,  he  gives  a  list  of  the  Pacific  species, 
with  an  account  of  two  "genera"  not  represented  in  the  eastern  division.  Mr.  Binney 
continuing  Mr.  Bland's  labours,  issues  the  species  for  the  most  part  in  the  trinomial 
nomenclature,  which  now  appears  to  be  taking  the  place  of  the  Linnean  binomial  system. 
No  attempt  is  here  made  to  review  the  work,  as  the  writer  felt  justified  in  doing  with 
reference  to  marine  shells ;  the  only  alterations  made  consisting  of  corrections  m  some  of 
the  citations  with  which  he  happened  to  be  more  familiar. 


ON   MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  \VEC5T  COAST  HF  NORTH  AMERICA.  C7'l 

§  2.  Phyttwora.    Fam.  Hdicida. 

Subfam.  Vitrinince. 

f4.   Vitrinn  Pfeifferi,  Newc.     Carson  Valley,  Cal.,  Newconib, 
o.  Binneya  notabilis,  Cp.     Catalina  Island,  Cal.,  Cooper. 

6.  MacrocycUs  Newberryana,  Bin.     S.  Diego,  common,  Newberry. 

7.  MacrocycUs  Vancouver  ensis,  Lea,  jHe/u-  F".,  Lea,  Trosch.,  Pfr.,  Gld.,  Rve.,= 

H.  vellicata,  Fbs.,  Rve.,  Pfr.,-j-J7.  concava,  Binn.  VANCOUVER  TO  CALI- 
FORNIA :— Columbia  R.,  JVw#a#,  Z7.  -S.  E.  E. ;  Puget  Sound,  U.  S.  E.  E.  ; 
Vancouver,  B.  N.  P.  B.  S. ;  Oregon  City,  Newberry  j  California,  Troivbridge ; 
St.  Joseph's  R.,  2nd  Camp. 

76.  MacrocycUs  [?var.]  sportella*,  Gld.  PUGET  SD.  TO  S.  DIEGO  : — Puget  Sd., 
U.  S.  E.  E. ;  Fort  Umpqua,  Oregon ;  S.  Diego,  Ives,  dewberry  ;  S.  Francisco, 
Mus.  Cal.  Ac.  j  Contra  Costa  Co.,  Thomson.  "  Animal  solitary." 

Subfam.  Helicime. 

8.  Helix  (Patula)  strigosa,  Gld.     INTERIOR  BASIN  ;  N.  MEXICO  TO  BRIT.  Air. : 

— Int.  of  Oregon,  U.  S.  E.  E. ;  Canon  Largo,  Rio  Pedro,  N.  M.,  Newberry. 

9.  Helix  (Patula)  Cooperi,  Bin.     California. 

10.  Helix  (Patula)  Mazatlanica,  Pfr.     Mazatlan. 

11.  Helix  \Polygyra)  acutedentata,  Bin.,+-S.  Loisa,  Bin.     Guaymas.    Mazatlan, 

Gambel. 

12.  Helix  (Polygyra)  ventrosula,  Pfr.     [No  locality  given  :   not  "  W."  in  Cneck- 

Lists.J 

13.  Helix  (Polygyra)  polygyrella,  Bland.    «  W."  [teste  Check-List,  not  in  MS.] 

14.  Helix  (Stenotrema)  germana,  Gld.     Oregon,  U.  S.  E.  E. 

15.  Helix  (Triodopns)  Mullani,  Bland.  WASHINGTON  TERRITORY  AND  OREGON  : 

— St.  Joseph's  River,  1st  Camp. 

16.  Helix  (Triodopsis)  loricata,  Gld.,  Pfr .,  =  #".  Lecontei,  Lea.    Sacramento  River, 

U.  S.  E.  E. 

17.  Helix  (Mesodori)  Columbiana,  Lea,  Trosch.,  Rve.,  Pfr.,-f  JT.  labiosa,Gl&.,  Pfr. 

VANCOUVER  TO  OREGON: — Ft. Vancouver,  Nuttall ;  Ft.  George,  U.S.E.E.; 
Nootka  Sound,  Hinds ;  Astoria,  Drayton  ;  Oregon  Citv,  Newberry. 

18.  Helix  (Mesodon)  devia.  Gld.,  Pfr.,  —H.'Saskercillei,  Pfr./Rve.    Puget  Sound, 

U.  S.  E.  E.  j  Oregon. 

19.  Helix  (Aglaid)  jidelis,  Gray,  Mull.,  Rve.,Pfr.,=^T.  Nuttattiana,  Rve.,  Trosch., 

Gld.  VANCOUVER  TO  OREGON  :— Puget  Sound, Columbia  River,  U.  S.  E.E.-, 
Esquimault  Harb.,  Lord  j  Umpqua  Valley,  Or.,  and  San  Francisco,  New- 
berry  j  De  Fuca,  Gibbs  j  Oregon  City,  Shunuird ;  Ft.  Steilacooni,  SucUey. 

20.  Helix  (Aglaici)  infumata,  Gld.     San  Francisco,  Bigelow. 

21.  Helix  (Arianta)  arrosa,  Gld.,  =H.  <zruginosa,  Gld.  (nom.  preoc.).     OREGON, 

CALIFORNIA  : — San  Francisco,  Bigelow,  Samuels-,  Petaluma  and  Columbia 
River,  Newberry. 

22.  Helix  (Arianta)   Towmendiana,  Lea,  Trosch.,  Rve.,  Pfr.,  Gld.,+-ff.^ef/e^m 

-\-ruida,  Gld.  OREGON  AND  CALIFORNIA  :  — Wahlamat  River,  Nuttall, 
Townsend,  U.  S.  E.  E. ;  Nisqually,  Dyes. ;  Puget  Sound,  Kennerley. 

23.  Helix  (Arianta}  tudiculata^iim.  WASHINGTON  TERRITORY  TO  CALIFORNIA: 

— San  Diego,  Newberry. 

24.  Helix  (Arianta)  Nickliniana,  Lea,  =  H.  Calif orniensis,  Rve.,  Pfr.  (non  Lea), 

=fH.  arboretorum+nemorivaga,V&l. — Var.  =H.  anachoreta,TSnm.  "Widely 
distributed,  but  solitary,"  Thompson.  CALIFORNIA  : — Sacramento  River, 
U.  S.  E.  E. ;  San  Francisco,  Bigelow ;  Tomales,  Newberry. 

25.  Helix   (Arianta)   redimita,  Binn.  (jun.),=.H".  Nickliniana,  var.  Binn.  (sen.). 

California. 

*  In  the  Check-List  of  Dec.  9th,  sportella  does  not  appear.  It  is  generally  treated  by 
Mr.  Binney  as  a  small  variety  of  Vancouver ensis,  with  stronger  radiating  and  spiral  lines  ; 
but  in  the  MSS.  sent  for  publication  in  this  Eeport  it  takes  rank  as  a  species.  Mr.  Bland 
considers  the  two  identical ;  yet  in  Add.  Gen.  the  form  is  thus  divided : — "Iberus  (Cam- 
pylcea)  sportella,  in  fam.  HelicidtB"  and  "  Disctis  Vancouverensis,  in  fam.  Stenopida" 
In  Albers  it  is  divided  as  u  MacrocycUs  veUicata"  "  M.  Pancouverensis"  and  "Helix 
(Patidd)  sportella." 

157 


Arianta)  exarata,  Pfr.     California. 

Arianta)  reticidata,  Pfr.     California. 

Arianta)  ramentosa,  Gld.     California,  Newcomb. 

Arianta)  Ayresiana,  Newc.     Northern  Oregon. 

Arianta)  Bridgesii,  Newc.     San  Pablo,  California,  Newcomb. 


€72  REPORT— 1863. 

26.  Helix   (Arianta)  intercisa,  Binn.  (jun.),=  7/.  Nicldi'iiana,  yar.  Binn.  (sen.), 

Oregon. 
t27.  Helix 
t28.  Helix 
t29.  Helix 
t30.  Helix 
t31.  JTe/tJr 
t32.  Helix  (Arianta)  Carpcnteri,  Newc.  Tulare  Valley,  California.  [Not  Carpen- 

teriana,  Bland ;  Florida.] 
33.  Helix  (Ariauta)  Calif  or  niensis,  Lea,  Trosch.,  Dekay  (non  &uct.},=H.  vincta, 

Vol.,  Rve.,  Pfr.    CALIFORNIA  :— Interior  of  Cal,  U.  S.  E.  E. ;  Monterey,  Ices. 
f34.  Helix  (Arianta)  Mormonum,  Pfr.    Mormon  Is.,  California. 
35.  HeKx  (Arianta)  Dupetithouarsi,  Desh.,  Rve.,  Pfr.,  +  H.  Oregonensis,  Trosch., 

Dekay,  Pfr.    WASHINGTON  TERRITORY  TO  CALIFORNIA.  '  Interior  of  Cal., 

U.  S.  E.  E.  ;  Puget  Sound,  Dyes. ;  Klamath  Lake  and  Benicia,  Newlirry  ; 

Tulan  Lake,  Cal. ;  Monterey,  Trowbridge  ;  San  Diego,  Ives. 
f36.  Helix  (Arianta)  Traskii,  Newc.     Los  Angelos,  California,  Newcomb. 

37.  Helix  (Arianta)  Kellettii,  Fbs.,  Rve.,  Pfr.     Sta.  Barbara,  Kellett  and  Wood; 

San  Diego,  teste  Gould. 

38.  Helix  (Arianta)  Pandora,  Fbs.,  Rve.,  Pfr.,=#".  damascenus,  Gld.     Sta.  Bar- 

bara, Kellett  and  Wood  j  Desert  East  of  California,  Mus.  Newcomb. 

39.  Helix  (Arianta)  levis,  Pfr.,+var.  /3.     Columbia  River. 

40.  Helix  (Euparypha)  areolata,  Sby.,  Pfr.,  Phil.,  Rve., +vars.  p.y.    PENINSULA 

OF  LOWER  CALIFORNIA.     [Margarita  Bay,  Pease.*] 
f41.   Columna  (Rhoded)  California,  Pfr.     \_Achatina,  Pfr.,  Rve.] 

Subfam.  Orthalicina. 

42.  Sulimulus  (Liostracus  [not Leiostraca,  Add.])  Ziegleri,Ph.    Mazatlan,  Reigen. 
[f43.  Bulimulus  Mexicanus\,  Lam.,  Deless.,  Pfr.,  Rve.  (non  Val.),=  Cochlogena 
vittata,  Fe'r.    Mazatlan,  Reigen.'] 

44.  Bidimulus  (Mesembrinus)  pallidior,  Sby.,=^.  vegetits,  Gld.,  teste  Cum.,  Binn. 

SAN  DIEGO  TO  CAPE  ST.  LUCAS  : — C.  S.  Lucas,  Xantm. 

45.  Bulimulus  (Mesembrinus)  excelsm,  Gld.   (text),=  i\  elatits,  Gld.  (fig.)'     SAN 

DIEGO  TO  CAPE  ST.  LUCAS  : — C.  S.  Lucas,  Xantits. 

46.  Bulimulus  (Mesembrinus)  inscendens,  Binn.    LOWER  CALIFORNIA  : — Margarita 

Bay,  and  C.  S.  Lucas,  Xantiis. 
f47.  Bulimulus  (Thaumastus)  Californicus,  Rve. 
t48.  Bulimulus  (?Mormus)sitfflatus,G\di.,~B.  vesicalis,Gl&.  (nom. preoc.).   LOWER 

CALIFORNIA. 

49.  Bulimidus  (?Mormus)  pttula,T$am.      LOWER  CALIFORNIA: — Todos  Santos 

Mission,  Margarita  Is.,  Xantus. 

50.  Bulimulus  (Scutalus)  proteus,  Brod.     Cape  St.  Lucas,  Xantm. 

51.  Bulimulus  (Scutalus)  Xantusi,  Binn.     Cape  St.  Lucas,  Xantus. 

52.  Bulimulus  (Peronceus  [non  Peronaa,  Poli])  artemisia,  Binn.      Cape  St.  Lucas, 

Xantus. 

53.  Orthalicus  (Orthalicus)  zebra,  Miill.,  Pfr.     Mazatlan,  Reigen.  \Also  Eastern 
536.  Orthalicus  (Orthalicus)  undatus,  Fe'r.,  Pfr.  §     "  Mazatlan."    J      slope. 

Subfam.  Pupina. 

f54.  Pupa  (PupiUa)  Rowellii,  Newc.     San  Francisco,  Rowell. 
f55.  Pupa  (PupiUa)  Calif  arnica,  Row.     San  Francisco,  Rowett. 
56.  Pupa  (Leucochila)  chordata,  Pfr.     Cinaloa,  Mexico. 

*  See  also  Dr.  Newcomb's  new  species,  tabulated  in  pp.  609,  633. 

J  Included  among  the  doubtful  species  by  Mr.  Binney  ;  but  the  sh?ll  so  named  in  the 
Maz.  Cat.,  no.  234  (perhaps  erroneously),  was  certainly  found  on  opening  the  Aiazatlan 
boxes  by  Mr.  Archer. 

§  Mr.  Binney  follows  Pfr.,  in  his  later  works,  in  separating  these  ?  varieties.  The  shells 
in  the  Keigen  Collection  were  clearly  conspecific.  Vide  Maz.  Cat.,  no.  232. 

158 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  673 

Subfam.  Succinince. 

t57.  Succinct  *  (Succinea)  Haivkinsi,  Baird.    British  Columbia,  Lord. 
t-58.  Succinea  (Succinea)  cingulata,  Fbs.     Mazatlan,  Kellett  and  Wood. 
50.  Succinea  (Succinea}  rusticana,  Gld.      OREGON  AND  CALIFORNIA: — Oregon, 

U.  S.  E.  22.;  Ocogo  Creek,  California,  Williamson. 

6C.  Sutri-nea  (Succinea)  Nuttalliana,  Lea.    "Scarcely  differs  from  S.  ovalis,  Hudson 
River,"  Gld.    OREGON  AND  CALIFORNIA : — Lewis's  River,  Or.,  Nuttall ;  In- 
terior of  Oreg.,  U.  S.  E.  E. ;  Wright's  Lake,  Rhell's  Lake,  Cal.,  Newberry. 
GJ .  Succinea  (Succinea)  Oregonensis,  Lea.     "  Resembles  S.  aurea"  Gld.    OREGON 
AND  CALIFORNIA  : — Oregon,  Nuttall.    San  Francisco,  Rowell. 

Subfam.  Limacince. 

62.  Limax  \  (Amalid)  Cohimbiamts,  Gld.   PUGET  SOUND  TO  SAN  FRANCISCO  : — 

Puget  Sound,  U.  S.  E.  E.,  Dyes ;  Oregon  City  and  Cape  Flattery,  Wil- 
liamson ;  San  Francisco  and  Port  Oxford,  Troiubridge ;  Nisqually,  Case. 

Fam.  Arionidce. 
Subfam.  Arionince. 

63.  Arion  (Locked)  foliolatus,  Gld.    Puget  Sound,  U.  S.  E.  E.,  Pickering. 

Subfam.  Zcnitiuce. 

64.  Zonites  §  (JEgopis)  cultettata,  Thorns.   "  Closely  resembles  the  Dalmatian  H. 

albanica  and  acies."     Contra  Costa  Co.,  Cal.,  common,  Thomson. 

Fam.  Onchidiadce. 

65.  Onchidium  Carpentcri,  Binn.     Cape  St.  Lucas,  Xantus. 

LIMNOPHILA.    Fam.  Auricididce. 
Subfam.  Melampincs. 

66.  Melampus  olivaceus,  Cpr.     SAN  DIEGO  TO  MAZATLAN  : — Mazatlan,  Reigen ; 

San  Diego,  Blake,  Cooper. 

67.  Pedipes  lirata,  Binn.    LOWER  CALIFORNIA  : — C.  S.  Lucas,  Xantus  j  San  Diego, 

Cooper. 

Fam.  Liinnceidce. 

Subfam.  Limnceince. 

68.  Limncea  (Limnced)  stagnalis,  Linn.,+i.  Jugularis,  Say,  Hald.,  De  Kay,  Kiist., 

Binn.  (1st  list), +L.  appressa,  Say,  Hald.,  De  Kay,  Kiist.,  C.  B.  Ad.,  +  i.  spe- 
ciosa,  Ziegl.  EUROPE,  ASIA,  AMERIC A  : — RhettLake,  California,  Newberry ; 
Ruby  Valley  and  S.  Utah,  Captain  Simpson.  Fort  Simpson  and  Hudson'8 
Bay,  common  j  throughout  British  America  and  northern  tier  of  TJ.  S., 
from  Vermont  to  Pacific,  teste  Binn.  [Var.=lT.  fragilis,  Linn.,  teste 
Hani.,  Ips.  Linn.  Conch,  p.  385  ;  non  Rve.,  Binn.  (1st  list).] 

69.  Limn&a  (Limncea)  lepida,  Gld.     Lake  Vancouver,  U.  S.  E.  E. 

70.  Limncea  (Limnophysa)  reflexa,  Say,  Hald.,  De  Kay,  Kiist., 4- L.  elongata,  Say, 

L.  umbrosa,  Say,  Hald.,  De  Kay,  Kiist., -\-L.  exilis+L.  Haydeni,  Lea.     San 
Francisco,  Rowell.     Also  through  British  America  and  northern  tier  of 
States  from  New  York  to  Pacific ;  teste  Binn. 
f71.  Limncea  (Limnophysa)  Sumasm,  Baird  ||. 

*  So  great  is  the  difficulty  of  ascertaining  (even  approximately)  the  specific  relations  of 
Succinece  without  a  comparison  at  least  of  single  specimens,  that  Mr.  Binney  considers  it 
safest,  until  series  have  been  examined,  simply  to  quote  the  species  which  have  been  de- 
scribed by  other  authors.  He  has  followed  the  same  course  with  Ancylus,  and  for  the 
same  reason. 

t  "  Has  a  pore.     Why  not  Arion  ?  " — Binney,  in  MS.  list. 

§  This  appears  among  "doubtful  species"  in  the  MS.,  but  is  printed  in  the  text  of 
the  Check-List. 

j|  Probably  a  variety  of  palustHs=  Nultalliana,  Lea.  British  authors  have  as  yet  had 
but  poor  opportunities  of  studying  tjpicallj-named  American  Ireshwater  Pulmonate?, 

159 


674  REPORT— 1863. 

72.  Limncea  (Limnophysa)  palustris,  Mull,  et  auct.,=Z.  frar/ilis  (as  of  Linn.),  Haiti., 

De  Kay,  Binn.  (1st  list),  Rve.  (hodie).  [Non  Linn.,  teste  Hani,  in  Ips.  Linn. 
Conch.,  p.  385].  +L.  elodes,  Say,  Gld.,  C.  B.  Ad.,  Kiist.,+i.  Nuttal- 
liana,  Lea,  Kiist.,  ?+Z.  plebeia,  Gld.,H-Z.  expansa,  Hald.,  De  Kay,  Kiist. 
NORTHERN  EUROPE,  ASIA,  AND  AMERICA: — Columbia  Hirer,  Jwrfftrff; 
.  Puget  Sound,  Kennerley ;  Klamath  Lake  and  Summer  Lake,  Or. ;  llhett 
Lake  and  Wright's  Lake,  Cal.,  Newberry:  Clear  Lake,  Cal.,  Veatchi  San 
Francisco,  Rowett;  Monterey,  Canfield',  Porcupine  and  Yuckron Rivers, Rus. 
America,  Kennicott.  Also  from  Pennsylvania  westward  to  Pacific,  and  from 
this  line  northwards,  wherever  searched,  even  to  interior  of  Russian  Ame- 
rica ;  teste  Binn. 

73.  Limncea  (Limnophysa)  proxima,  Lea.     San  Francisco,  Cooper.    Arroya  San 

Antonio,  Trash. 

74.  Limncea  (Limnophy  so)  emarginata,  Say,  Hald.,  De  Kay,  Kiist., =L.  Ontanensis, 

Muhlf.,  Kiist.,-f-i.  serraia,  Hald.  NEW  ENGLAND  TO  WASHINGTON  TER- 
RITORY. 

75.  Limncea  (Limnophysa)  catascopium,  Say,  Hald.,  Gld.,  De  Kay,  Mrs.  Gray,  Pot. 

&  Mich.,  Kiist., -\-L.pinguis,  Say  (non  Dohrn),  =L.  Virginiana,  Lam.,  Desh., 
Deless.,  =  L.  cornea,  Val.,  =  L.  scricata,  Ziegl.  NEW  ENGLAND  TO 
LEWIS  RIVER,  AND  THROUGH  BRITISH  AMERICA  j  teste  Binn. 

76.  Limncea  (Limnophysa)  Adelince,  Tryon.     San  Francisco. 

77.  Limncea  (Limnophysa)  Traskii,  Tryon.     Mountain  Lake,  California. 

78.  Limncea  (Limnophysa)  pattida,  C.  B.  Ad.,  Hald.,  De  Kay.     San  Francisco, 

JRowell;  San  Antonio  Arroya,  teste  Lea. 

79.  Limncea  (Limnophysa)  btdimoides,  Lea,  Hald.,  De  Kay.     Fort  Vancouver. 

San  Francisco,  Roivell.     Also  Eastern  States.    (Check-List.) 

80.  Limncea  (Limnophysa)  solida,  Lea,  Hald.,  De  Kay,+Z.  apicina,  Lea,  Kiist. 

Oregon.     Also  Eastern  States.    (Check-List.) 

81.  Limncea  (Limnophysa)  ferruginea,  Hald.,  De  Kay.     Oregon. 

82.  Pompholyx  effusa,  Lea,  Add.      Pitt  River,  Nei(Jberry\    Sacramento  River, 

teste  Lea. 

83.  Physa  (Physa)  Lordi,  Baird.     British  Columbia,  Lord  j  east  of  Fort  Colville, 

W.  T.,  Am.N.  P.  B.  Surv. 

84.  Physa  (Physa)  yyrina,  Say,  De  Kay,  Kiist.,  C,  B.  Ad.,  Hald.,=P7i.  ettiptica, 

Lea,  De  Kay, + Ph.  cylindrica,  De  Kay,4-P7*.  Hi'drethiana,  Lea.  Wash- 
ington Territory,  Captain  Simpson  ;  San  Francisco,  Rowell. 

85.  Physa  (Physa)   ampullacea,   Gld.,=J%.   bullata,  Gld.  (non  Pot,    &   Mich.). 

Oregon,  Cooper;  Lakes  Rhett  and  Upper  Klamath,  Newberry. 

86.  Physa  (Physa)  Gabbii,  Tryon.     Sta.  Ana  Riv.,  Angelos  Co.    Also  Mountain 

Lake,  California. 

87.  Physa  (Physa)  heterostropha,  Say,  Gould,  C.  B.  Ad.,  Desh.,  Kiist.,  De  Kay, 

Mrs.  Gray,  Pot.  &  Mich.,  Eaton,+PA.  foniana,  Hald.,+P£.  cylindrica, 
Newc.j-f-P/j,  aurca,  Lea,  De  Kay,+P7z.  plicata,  +Ph.  ylabra,  De  Kay,  -\-Ph. 
osculans,  Hald.  (part),+P/i.  striata,+Ph.  subarata,  Mke.,+PA.  Charpentieri, 
+  7%.  PhilKnii,  Kiist.,  -f  Ph.  elliptica,  +  Ph.  inflata,  Le&,=£iilla  crassula, 
Dillw.,  =JB.fontinaKs,  Chemn.,  Schroter,=  Cochlea  neritoides,  List.  NORTH 
AMERICA,  passim: — Chiloncynck,  Kennerley ;  Hell  Gate  River,  Newberry ; 
San  Francisco  and  Washington  Territory,  Cooper •;  Los  Angeles,  teste  Lear 
Also  from  Texas  to  British  America  and  Arctic  regions,  and  frtmi  Atlantic 
to  Pacific,  teste  Binn. 
fS8.  Physa  (Physa)  costata,  Newc.  Clear  Lake,  Cal.,  Vcatch. 

89.  Physa  (Physa)  virginea,  Gld.     San  Francisco,  Rowett. 

90.  Physa  (Physa)  humerosa,  Gld.  Rio  Colorado,  Wittamson ;  San  Diego,  P.  J?.  /?.  E. 

91.  Physa  (Physa)  virgata}  Gld.     San  Diego,  Webb ;  Los  Angelos ;  Cal.  Ac-  \.  S. 


several  of  which  are  perhaps  but  modifications  of  circumboreal  species  which  have  been 
already  traced  to  Eastern  Asia.  Even  the  series  in  Mus.  Cum.  are  far  from  being  accurate 
or  complete.  The  inflexible  rules  of  the  British  Museum  have  not  yet  allowed  a  single 
specimen  of  Dr.  Baird's  species  to  be  transmitted  to  America,  even  for  comparison. 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  R75 

92.   Physa  (Physa)  triticea,  Lea,  Binn.  MSS.*  California,  Cooper. 
j-93.  Physa  (Physa)  concolor,  Hald.     Oregon. 

94.  Bulinus  {  (Bulinus)  aurantius,  Cpr.  [=Aplexa,  auct. :  -v.  Maz.  Cat.  p.  179],  =» 

Ph.  Peruviana,  Mke.  [non  D'Orb.].     Mazatlan,  Reigen. 

95.  Bidinus  (Bulinus)  elatus,  Gld.     Mazatlan,  Reigen. 

96.  Bulinus  (Bulinus)  hypnorum,  Linn.,  Hald.,  C.  B.  Ad.,  Chen,  et  auct.,=P/z. 
'    elongate,  Say,  Gld.,  De  Kay,=P7z.  elongatina,  Lewis.   NORTHERN  EUROPE, 

ASIA,  AMERICA.  Puget  Sound,  Coojw;  common  at  junction  of  Yukron 
and  Porcupine  Rivers,  Russ.  Amer.,  Kennicott.  Through  Brit,  and  Russ, 
America,  and  from  Kansas  to  Washington,  D.  C.j  teste  Binn. 

Subfani.  Planorbince. 

07.  Planorbis  (Planorbis')  subcrenatus§,  Cpr.    Oregon,  Nuttatt.   [PPuget  Sound; 
Kennerley.~\ 

98.  Planorbis  (Planorbis)  tumens,  Cpr.,=P.  tenagophila,  Mke.  (non  D'Orb.),=P, 

affinis,  Cpr.  [Cat.  Prov.,  non  C.  B.  Ad.]  Mazatlan,  MeHchera,  Reigen.  San 
Francisco,  Cooper;  Petal uma,  teste  Gld. 

99.  Planorbis  (Planorbis}  vermicularis,  Gld. 

100.  Planorbis  (Helisoma)  ammon,  Gld.,  =P.   Traskei,  Lea.    Klamath  Lake,  Or. 

and  Rhett  Lake,  Cal.,  Newberry.  Ocogo  Creek,  Cal.,  Williamson ;  Kem 
Lake,  Cal.,  Cooper ;  Monterey  Co.,  Trask  ;  Lagoons,  Sacramento  Valley, 
teste  Lea. 

101.  Planorbis  (Helisoma)  corptilentus,  Say,  Hald.,  De  Kay,  Gld.,  Chenu,  =P.  tri- 

volvis  (pars),  C.  B.  Ad.  Columbia  River,  abundant,  U.  S.  E.  E.  Also 
Eastern  States. 

102.  Planorbis  (Helisoma)  trivolvis,  Say,  De  Kay,  Gld.,  Hald.,  C.  B.  Ad.,  Kiist.,  Pot. 

&  Mich.,  Yj&tQTi.=BullaJluviatiUs,  Say,-}-P/.  regularis,  Lea,  +  PL  megastoma 
•\-Physaplanorbula,  De  Kay,+P/.  macrostomus+PL  corpulentus,  Whiteaves, 
4-  PI-  kntw,  Gld.,-i-P^.  trivolvis,  vsx.fallax,  Hald.,=  Cochleat  rium-orbiwn, 
Lister,  Petiver.  Puget  Sd.,  Campbell;  Wright's  Lake,  Cal.,  Newberry :  Ft. 
Vancouver,  Cooper];  SanTrancisco,  Roiuell{S.  Diego;  Mus.  Smiths. ;  Horn 
Lake,  teste  Lea.  Probably  extends  over  whole  continent,  teste  Binn. 

103.  Planorbis  (Menetus)  opercularis,  Gld.;  =  P.  planulatus,  Coop.  S.  Francisco,  U.  S. 

Expl.  Exp. ;  Whidby's  Is.,  Cal.,  Cooper. 

104.  Carinifex  \\  Newberryi,  Lea.    Klamath  Lake  and  Canoe  Creek,  Cal.,  Newberry  \ 

Clear  Lake,  Cal.,  Veatch. 

Subfam.  Ancylina. 

105.  Ancylus  Newberryi,  Lea.     Klamath  Lake,  Newberry. 
1 106.  Ancylus  crasstts,  Hald.     "W-"     [Check-List.] 

107.  Ancyhis  caurinus,  Coop.     California,  Cooper. 

108.  Ancylus  patelloides,  Lea.     S.  Francisco,  Cooper ;  Arroya.  San  Antonio,  Cal., 

Mus.  Smith. 
f!09.  Ancylus  Kootaniemis,  Baird.     Brit.  Columbia,  Lord. 

110.  Ancylus  fragilis,  Tryon.     "  W."     [Check-List.] 

111.  Acroloxm  Nuttalli,  flald.  [  Vettetia  N.}  Binn.  in  list,  May  4th.]  Oregon,  Nutt. 

112.  Gundlachia  Calif ornica,  Rowell. 

*  So  in  first  printed  list  and  in  two  MSS. ;  but  in  Check-List  of  Dec.  9,  Ph.  Troos- 
tiana,  Lea,  is  assigned  to  the  West,  instead  of  this  species.  The  MSS.  are  probably 
correct. 

J  Non  Bulinus,  Sby.,  olimt—~BuUmus,  auct.  However  clearly  Bulimcs,  Binn.,  may  be 
right  according  to  the  antiquaries,  it  is  far  too  like  Bulimus,  which  has  taken  complete 
possession  of  the  entire  malacological  world,  to  be  allowed  a  resurrection  in  the  same 
order.  Surely  burial  for  a  given  number  of  years  ought  to  be  allowed  as  evidence  of 
death,  especially  if  the  infant-name  scarcely  even  breathed  the  air  of  use,  and  its  resur- 
rection would  breed  malaria  among  terms  thriving  in  the  vigorous  manhood  of  universal 
acceptance. 

§  It  is  quite  possible  that  this  may  prove  a  very  finely  grown  specimen  of  P.  lentus.  Dr. 
Kennerley's  shells  are  intermediate. 

||  Thus  in  Check-List,  Dec.  9th.  In  that  of  May  4th,  it  appeal's  as  Planorbis N...>  in  the 
MS.  list  as  Carinijera. 

11  161 


676  REPORT—  1863. 

Suborder  THALASSOPHILA, 
Fam.  Siphonariadce. 

|113.  Siphonaria  lecanium,  Phil.  :  [Var.  ==  S.  maura,  Sby.  Var.  palmata,  Cpr.,  is 
possibly  distinct.  Mazatlan,  E.  B.  Philippi,  lieigen  j  Acapulco,  Jewett  j 
Cape  St.  Lucas,  Xantus.~\ 

tl!4.  Siphonaria  aquilirata,  Cpr.,[=  8.  cequilorata,  Eve.  Mazatlan,  Reigen-,  C.  S. 
Lucas,  Xantus  ;  Margarita  Bay,  very  fine,  teste  Pease.] 

fl!5.  r  Siphonaria  thersites,  Cpr.     Neeah  Bay, 


Doubtful,  spurious,  and  extralimital  species  :  — 

Helix  aspersa,  Mull.     "  Sta.  Barbara/'  Kellett  and  TFooo\     [Imported.] 

Helix  arbustomtm,  Linn. 

Tfr&r  Sagraiana,  D'Orb.     [Certainly  Cuban.] 

Helix  "  Sandiegoensis,  Lea/'    Gld.,  P.  R.  R.,  vol.  v.  p.  331.     «  No  such  sp.  de- 

scribed," teste  Binney. 
Helix  peregrina,  Bosc. 
Bvlimm  Humboldti,  Rve.     P"  Mazatlan." 
Bulimus  Laurentii)  Sby.     "Sitka:"  probably  Sitcha  in  San  Salvador,  teite 

Binney. 

Melania  [Bulimus]  striata,  Perry.     [Vide  anted,  p.  520.] 
Svccinea  aperta,  Lea,  =  &  rotundata,  Gld.     Sandwich  Is.,  U.  S.  Expl.  Exp. 
^Physa  Mattgericc,  Gray,  teste  Woodward,  Manual,  p.  171  ;  but  probably  equa- 

torial S.  America. 
^Siphonaria  amara,  [Nutt.  Admitted  into  the  list  by  Mr.  Binney,  on  the  autho- 

rity of  Rve.,  as  of  Nutt.  ;  but  it  lives  on  the  Sanawich  Is.  ;  teste  Pease,  New- 

comb,  U.  S.  E.  E.]. 

116.  The  Smithsonian  Institution  has  lately  issued  a  "  Descriptive  Cata- 
logue of  the  species  of  Amnicola,  Vivipara,  Bithynia,  Yalvata,  and  Ampul- 
taria"  by  Mr.  "W.  G.  Binney.  It  is  abundantly  illustrated  with  outline- 
woodcuts,  and  contains  the  synonymy  corrected  from  all  the  accessible  types. 
Dr.  Stimpson  is  at  present  engaged  in  dissecting  the  molluscs  ;  but  none  of 
his  investigations  have  yet  been  published.  The  following  is  a  resume  of  the 
West  Coast  species,  from  a  proof  kindly  furnished  by  the  author. 

Page.  Fig. 

4.  Amnicola  longinqua,  Gld.,  Bost.  Proc.  v.  130.     Colorado  Desert,  Blake. 

5.  6.  Amnicola  protea,  Gld.,  Bost.  Proc.  v.  129.     Colorado  Desert,  Blake,  Webb. 
12.    45.   Vivipara  ,  Lam.,  =  Pa/woYM#,  Lam.     [This  genus,  so  fine  and  plentiful  east 

of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  does  not  appear  on  the  west.] 

44.  „  Paludina  Nuttalliana,  Lea,  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  vi.  p.  101,  pi.  23.  f.  109. 
[In  text.  In  later  manuscript  list,  this  name  appears  as  a  synonym  of] 
jFlumintcola  (Stimps.,  MS.)  Nuttallii,  Lea,  =  Amnicola  Nuttalliana,  Cp., 
Minn.  Rep.  p.  374,  =  Leptcxis  Nuttallii,  Hald.,  =  Anculosus  Nitttattii,  Rve, 
?+Paludma  seminalis,  Hds.  (p.  46,  f.  81).  [?+P.  Hindsii,  Baird.]  Co- 
lumbia River,  Nuttall,  Cooper  ;  tipper  des  Chutes  Riv.  and  Klamath 
Lake,  Or.,  Newberry  ;  Roques  R.,  Or.  ;  Sacramento  R.,  Hinds;  Brit. 
Columbia,  Lord;  Canoe  Creek  and  Pitt  River,  Cal.,  Newberry. 
46.  80.  Bithinia  nuclea,  Lea,  =  Paludina  n.,  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  vi.  p.  91,  pi.  23. 
f.  103  fin  text.  In  later  MS.  list,  appears  as  synonym  of]  Flvmmicola 
vir  en  s,Lt£&,(  Paludina  v.,  Lea;  Leptoxis  v.,Hald.),+-no/wrfma  wwc/ea,Lea. 
Wahlamat  River,  Oregon,  NvtUdl  [Willamette,  MS.  list]. 

The  following  are  added  by  Mr.  Binney  in  his  later  MS.  list  :  — 

Valvata  virens,  Tryon.  Clear  Lake,  Calif.  [The  Smithsonian  duplicates  have 
been  unfortunately  distributed  under  the  name  "  V.sinccra,  Say,  "which  had 
been  previously  given  to  the  specimens,  and  under  which  they  are  quoted  in 
the  Check-List  of  1860,  no.  456.  According-  to  Mr.  B.,  V.  sincera  is  "  like 

162 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


677 


ecarinate  forms  of  V.  tricarinata,  Say,"  to  which  the  Clear  Lake  specimens 

bear  but  slight  resemblance.] 
Pomatiopsis  Itinneyi,  Tryon. 
Fluminicola  fusca,  Hald.  (Leptoxisf.).    Shores  of  Lake  Utah,  Capt.  Burton. 

117.  Of  the  West  Coast  species  of  Melaniadse  we  are  unable  to  offer  any 
list  embracing  the  synonymy,  as  the  materials  are  at  present  in  the  hands  of 
Mr.  Tryon  for  elimination,  and  his  labours  are  not  yet  sufficiently  advanced 
to  furnish  a  report.  His  Manual  of  the  North  American  Melaniadas  will  be 
published  by  the  Smithsonian  Institution.  The  animals  of  many  species  have 
already  been  dissected  by  Dr.  Stimpson*.  It  is  unfortunate  that  in  the  two 
most  important  branches  of  North  American  freshwater  molluscs,  the  Me- 
laniadae  and  the  Unionidae,  there  exists  a  radical  difference  of  opinion  between 
the  leading  writers,  which  has  sometimes  assumed  the  appearance  of  per- 
sonal animosity.  Malacologists  east  of  the  Atlantic,  unwilling  to  become 
partisans  when  the  leading  nomenclators  of  the  rival  schools  are  equally 
honoured,  have  to  a  great  extent  declined  to  pay  attention  to  the  unexhausted 
riches  of  the  American  waters,  regarding  any  settlement  of  the  disputed 
points  as  hopeless.  Dr.  Isaac  Lea,  who  has  spared  no  expense  in  illustrating 
his  publications  of  the  results  of  a  life-long  study,  follows  the  restrictions 
on  the  priority-rule  allowed  by  the  British  Association  Committee.  Other 
writers,  however,  claim  a  certainty  in  identifying  the  supposed  species  of 
Bafinesque  and  other  similarly  inaccurate  authors,  which  would  be  considered 
by  most  English  naturalists  as  not  warranted  b_y  the  few  loose  words  of  de- 
scription given.  It  would  be  well  if  the  student  were  permitted  to  start  from 
the  first  carefully  ascertained  landmark,  rather  than  from  the  defaced  tracks 
of  the  first  hunter. 

In  the  Check-List  of  North-American  Fluviatile  Gasteropods,  published  by 
the  Smithsonian  Institution.  June  1860,  which  contains  the  names  of  405 
(supposed)  species  of  Melanin,  Lithasia,  Gfyrotoma,Leptoxis,  and  lo,  Mr.Binney 
assigns  the  following  eleven  to  the  West  Coast.  None  of  them  are  accredited 
to  the  eastern  division. 


43.  Melania  bulbosa,  Old. 

104.  Melania  exigua,  Conr. 

166.  Melania  Menkeana,  Lea. 

174.  Melania  Newberryi,  Lea. 

177.  Melania  nigrina,  Lea.  Clear  Creek, 

Shasta  Co. 

211.  Melania  plicifera,  Lea. 


242.  Melania  Shastaensis,  Lea.     Shasta 

and  Scott  Rivers. 

243.  Melania  silicula,  Gld.    [=M.plici- 

fera,  small  var.,  teste  Lea.] 

296.  Melania  Wahlamatensis,  Lea. 

297.  Melania  Warderiana,  Lea. 
360.  Melania  fusca,  Hald. 


118.  Dr.  Lea's  Check-List  of  the  Unionidae  (June  1860),  after  eliminating 
synonyms,  assigns  to  America,  north  of  Mexico,  no  fewer  than  552  species 
of  Unio,  Margaritana,  and  Anodonta.  The  type-specimens  of  the  species 
described  by  Dr.  Gould  from  the  United  States  Exploring  Expedition  were 
submitted  to  Dr.  Lea's  inspection,  and  confirmed  his  previous  opinion  that 
they  were  varieties  of  those  before  known.  The  U.  famelicus,  Gld.,  he  pro- 
nounced to  be  a  South- American  shell ;  but  it  appears,  without  note,  in  the 
Check  List,  no.  133,  probably  by  oversight.  The  only  widely  diffused  species 
is  the  long-famed  "  pearl-mussel"  of  the  Conway  and  other  British  streams. 
The  following  seven  are  accredited  to  the  Pacific  coast : — 

*  See  his  very  interesting  and  important  paper  "  On  the  structural  Characters  of  the  so- 
called  Melanians  of  North  America,"  in  the  'American  Journal  of  Science,'  vol.  xxxvii?., 
July  1864,  pp.  41-53.  It  appears  that  the  sexual  system  is  quite  distinct  from  that  of  the 
ordinary  Ctenobranchiate  Gasteropods,  and  approaches  the  Cyclobran  dilates. 

163 


678  REPORT— 1863. 

281.  UnioOregonensis, Lea  [Comp.  534.]  |  499.  Anodonta  Calif orniensis,  Lea. 
484.  Margaritana  margaritifera,  Lea.     i  531.  Anodonta  Nuttalliana,  Lea. 
[Lmn.]  I  534.  Anodonta  Oregoncnsis,  Lea. 

494.  Anodonta  angulata,  Lea.  I  551.  Anodonta  Wahlamatensis,  Lea. 

Besides  these,  36  species  of  Unio  and  Anodonta  are  assigned  to  Mexico 
and  Central  America  in  a  separate  list ;  but  no  distinction  is  indicated  be- 
tween the  Pacific  and  the  Atlantic  slope  of  the  mountain-range. 

119.  At  the  request  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  Mr.  Temple  Prime,  ol 
New  York,  well  known  for  his  special  devotion  to  this  department,  has  con- 
sented to  prepare  a  Manual  of  the  Cyrenidse  inhabiting  American  waters. 
All  the  accessible  materials  from  the  "West  Coast  are  in  his  hands  for  exami- 
nation. The  first  part  of  his  "  Monograph  of  the  Species  of  Sphcerium  of 
North  and  South  America"  is  printed  in  the  «  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sc.  Phil.'  1861, 
pp.  402  et  seq.,  and  contains  quotations  of  five  species,  nos.  4,  7,  9,  10,  11, 
with  synonymy,  from  "Washington  Ter.,  Oregon,  and  California.  He  has 
kindly  (in  advance  of  his  intended  publications)  furnished  to  Mr.  W.  G.  Bin- 
iiey  the  following  MS.  "  Synopsis  of  the  Corbiculidas  of  the  West  Coast  of 
North  America,"  with  liberty  to  publish  in  this  Eeport.  It  is  here  condensed, 
with  synonyms  and  references,  in  the  nomenclature  of  the  writer. 

Mr.  Prime's  List  of  West  North- American  Corbiculidae*  [Cyrenidae]. 
1.   Corbicula  convexa,  Desh.,  P.  Z.  S.  1854,  p.  342,  =  C.  ventricosa,  Pr.  MS.   Mazatlan. 


15.  f.  9.     Nicaragua ;  Belize. 


2.  Cyrena  radiata,  Hani.,  P.  Z.  S.  1844,  p.  159.     Eealejo. 

3.  Cyrena  solida,  Phil.,  Abbild.  1846,  p.  78,  pi.  15.  f.  9. 

4.  Cyrena  triangula,  V.  de  Busch,  P.  Z.  S.  1849,  p.  78,  pi.  2.  f.  3~  =  C.  altilis,  Old., 

Bost.  Pr.  1852,  p.  400,  pi.  16.  f.  5  bis,=  C.  Mexicana,  pars,  Maz.  Cat.,  no.  165 
(=  C.  varians,  cat.  prov.).  Mazatlan. 

5.  Cyrena  insignis,  Desh.,  P.  Z.  S.  1854,  p.  20;  II.  Conch.  1861,  p.  39,  pi.  2.  f.  2. 

California. 

6.  Cyrena  olivacea,  Cpr.,  Maz.  Cat.,  no.  164,=  C.  Fontainei,  Desh.,  MS.  (non  D'Orb., 

B.  M.  Cat.  no.  253).     Mazatlan. 

7.  Cyrena  acuta,  Pr.,  111.  Conch.  1862,  p.  387,  pi.  14.  f.  1.     Centr.  America. 

8.  Cyrena  Mexicana,  Sby.,  Zool.  II.  1829,  p.  364  [Maz.  Cat,  no.  165=  ]C.  varians, 

'  cat.  prov.  pars,  +  C.  fragilis,  Desh.  MS.     -j-  C.  aquilateralis,  Desh.,  P.  Z.  S. 
1854,  p.  20.     Mazatlan. 

9.  Cyrena   Calif  arnica,  Pr.,  Proc.  A.  N.  S.  Phil.  1860,  p.  276,=  C.  subquadrata, 

Desh.,  P.'Z.  S.  1854,  p.  21  (nom.  preoc.).     California. 

10.  Cyrena  Panamensis,  Pr.,  Proc.  A.  N.  S.  Phil.  1860,  p.  283,  =  C.  inflata,  Desh., 

P.  Z.  S.  1854,  p.  23  (nom.  preoc.).     Panama. 

11.  Cyrena  Eecluzii,  Pr.,=  C.  cordifonnis,  Reel.,  II.  Conch.  1853,  p.  251,  pi.  7.  f.  9 

(nom.  preoc.).     Centr.  America. 

12.  Cyrena  Cumingu,  Desh.,  P.  Z.  S.  1854,  p.  22.     Centr.  America. 

13.  Cyrena  tumida,  Pr.,=  C.  angulata,  Desh.,  P.  Z.  S.  1854,  p.  22  (nom.  preoc.). 

Centr.  America. 

14.  Cyrena  pullastr a,  Morch,  Mai.  Bl.  1860,  p.  194.     Realejo. 

15.  Cyrena  maritima,  C.  B.  Ad.,  Pan.  Sh.,  no.  451.     Panama. 

16.  Cyrena  sordida,  Hani.,  P.  Z.  S.  1844,  p.  159.     Central  America. 

17.  Sphcerium  triangtdarc,Ssiy(Cydas  t.),  New  Harm. Dissem.  1829,  p. 356.  Mexico. 

18.  Sphceritimstriatin'um,  Lam.  (Cyclass.),  An,  s.Vert.  vol.v.  p.  560,  1818,=  C.eden- 

tula,  Say,  loc.  cit.  p.  2,  =  C.  cornea  (Lam.).  C.  B.  Ad.,  Cat.,  1847,=  C.  albula, 
Pr.,  Bost.  Proc.  1851,  p.  155,  +  C.  tenuitiriata,  Pr.,  p.  156,  +  C.  acuminata, 
Pr.,  p.  158,+  C.  inornata,  Pr.,-f  C.  simplex,  Pr.,+  C.  modesta,Pr.,  p.  159.  Hob. 
N.  York  to  Alabama,  Connecticut  to  Illinois ;  Hell-gate  River,  W.  T. 

19.  Sphcerium  dentatum,K*\&.(Cyclasd.),  Proc.  A.  N.S.Phil.  1841,  p.  100.  Oregon. 

*  The  name  Corbicula,  having  been  first  given  to  a  species,  and  being  itself  a  diminu- 
tive is  scarcely  fitted  to  displace  long-used  generic  appellations  in  marking  the  family- 
fc,oup. 


ON  MOLLUSCA.  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  679 

20.  Sphcerium  occidental^  Pr.,  Proc.  A.  N.  S.  Phil.  1860,  p.  295,  =  C.  ovalis,  Pr., 

Bost.  Proc.  1852,  p.  276  (nom.  preoc.),=<  Sph.  ovale,  Stn.,'  Add.  Gen.  vol.  ii. 
p.  450.  H(ib.  New  York  to  Georgia  j  Vermont  to  Wisconsin ;  Hell-gate 
River,  W.  T. 

21.  Sphcerium  nobile,  Gld.  (Cyclas  n.\  Bost.  Proc.  1855,  p.  229  [Otia,  p.  218].    San 

Pedro,  Webb. 

22.  Sphcenum  patella,  Gld.  (Cyclas p.),  Bost.  Proc.  1850,  p. 292  [Otia,  p.  86  j  E.  E. 

Moll.  f.  527,  type  not  returned  to  S.  I.]     Oregon. 

23.  Sphcerium  Spokani,  Baird  [P.  Z.  S.  1863,  p.  69,  f.  12, 13 :  antea,  p.  605].   B.  Col. 

24.  Sphcerium  tumidum,  Baird  [P.  Z.  S.  1863,  p.  69,  f.  11 :  antea,  p.  605].     B.  Col. 

25.  Sphcerium  meridionale,  Pr.,  JProc.  Ac.  N.  S.  Phil.  1861,  p.  414.     Panama  ;  Mus. 

Prime. 

26.  Sphcerium  lenticula,  Gld.  (Lucina  *  I.),  Bost.  Proc.  1850,  p.  256.     California. 

27.  Sphcerium  subtransversum,  Pr.,  P.  Z.  S.  I860,  p.  322.     Mexico. 

28.  Pisidium  abditum,  Hald.  [?ubi]  =  Cyclas  minor,  C.  B.  Ad.  Bost.  Proc.  1841,  p.  48, 

=  P.  obscurum,  Pr.,  Bost.  Proc. '1851,  p.  161,+ P.  Kurtzii,  Pr.,  p.  162,  + P. 
zonatum,  Pr.,  p.  162,+P.  regulars,  Pr.,  Bost.  II.  vi.  363,  pi.  12.  f.  11-13, 1852, 
+  P.  notatum,  Pr.,  Bost.  II.  vi.  365,  pi.  12.  f.  20-22,  1852, +P.  amplum  +  P 
resartum,  Ingalls,  MS.,+P.  rubrum+P.  plenum,  Lewis,  MS.,  +P.  retusum, 
Pr.,  P.Z.S.  1859,  p.  322. 

29.  Pisidium  occidental,  Newc.  [Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  1861,  p.  94].     San  Fran- 

cisco, Rowell. 

120.  Of  the  tertiary  fossils  throwing  light  on  existing  species  no  addi- 
tional information  has  yet  been  published.  We  cannot  but  hope  that  the 
researches  of  Mr.  Gabb,  on  the  fossils  collected  by  the  Californian  Geological 
Survey,  will  develope  relations  of  great  interest  between  the  existing  and 
former  conditions  of  the  continent.  The  Astorian  fossils  described  by  Mr. 
Conrad  from  the  U.  S.  Exploring  Expedition  (vol.  x.,  Geology,  Philadelphia, 
1849),  and  tabulated  in  the  first  Report,  p.  367,  belong  to  the  Smithsonian 
Institution,  but  were  not  discovered  there  in  1860.  All  of  them,  however  (in- 
cluding the  indeterminate  species),  are  figured  in  the  atlas  of  plates.  They 
resemble  the  fossils  of  the  Pacific  Railroad  Expeditions  in  being  very  imper- 
fect, for  which  reason  the  following  criticisms  may  prove  erroneous.  The 
general  aspect  of  the  collection  betokens  the  Miocene  period. 

My  a  abrupta,  Conr.,  may  be  the  young  of  Glycimeris  generosa,  Gld, 

Thracia  trapezoides,  Conr.,  may  be  curta,  Conr. 

Solemya  ventricosa,  Conr.,  has  the  aspect  of  a  large  Lazaria. 

Tcllina  arctata,  Conr.,  closely  resembles  Macima,  var.  expansa. 

Tellina  emacerata,  Conr.,  is  perhaps  Bodegenria.  lids. 

iMcina  acutilineata,  Conr.,  appears  to  be  borealis,  Linn. 

Cardita  subtenta,  Conr.,==  Venericardia  borealis,  Conr. 

Nucula  divaricata,  ConT.,=Acila  castrensis,  Hds. 

Pectunculus  patulus,  Conr.,  may  be  sevtentrionalis,  Midd. 

Pectunculus  nitens,  Conr.,  resembles  Psephis  tantilla,  Gld. 

Pecten  propatulus,  Conr.  A  very  fine  specimen,  enclosed  in  a  large  nodule 
from  Oregon,  was  presented  to  the  Brit.  Mus.  by  Mr.  C.  Pace.  If  not  identical 
with  Amusium  caurinum,  Gld.,  it  is  most  closely  allied,  especially  to  the 
Japanese  form. 

*  Mr.  Prime  assigns  no  reason  for  changing  Dr.  Gould's  Lucina  into  a  Cyclas,  nor  any 
authority  for  "  California."  He  was,  perhaps,  misled  by  the  artist's  engraved  references  to 
the  figures  528,  a,  b,  where  he  has  drawn  a  rule,  referring  to  the  Cyclades  above,  instead  of 
writing  Lucina.  It  is  assigned  to  "?Coast  of  Patagonia"  in  'Otia,'  p.  63,  and  to  "?R. 
Janeiro"  in  '  E.  E.  Moll.,'  p.  414.  In  each  place  the  shell  is  compared  to  an  Astarte  or 
Cyprina,  with  lateral  teeth.  The  type  was  not  returned  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution ; 
but  the  diagnosis  states  that  it  is  "  chalky,  thickened  within  the  deep  and  jagged  pallial 
line,  sculpture  faint  but  decussated,  and  margin  finely  crenulated," — characters  more  con- 
sistent with  Lucina,  s.  g.  Myrtcea,  than  with  Cyclas.  If  the  type  cannot  be  recovered,  per- 
haps the  species  may  be  dropped,  as  it  is  not  the  Lucina  (Myrt&a)  lenticula,  Eve. 

165 


680  REPORT— 1863. 

Terebrahda  nitens,  Conr.,  is  very  probably  Waldhtimia  painful  n<  Grid. 
Bvlla  petrosa,  Conr.,  has  the  shape  of  Tornatina  iximia,  Bd. 
Crepidvla  prompta,  Conr.,  is  certainly  princeps,  Midd. 
Tiirritella,  sp.  ind.,  resembles  Mesalia  lacteola. 

?Doliwn  petrosvm,  Conr.,  resembles  the  young  of  Priene  nodosn.  Oheirm, 
Fusus  geniculus,  Conr.     A  similar  shell  has  just  been  taken  at  the  Favallones 
by  Dr.  Cooper. 

121.  To  correct  the  general  table  of  "  Mollusca  of  the  West  Coast  of  N. 
America"  (First  Eeport,  pp.  298-345),  and  the  deductions  founded  upon  it 
(pp.  346-367),  would  involve  the  necessity  of  reprinting  a  considerable  por- 
tion.    The  student,  being  now  in  possession  of  all  tlie  known  sources  of 
fresh  information,  can  with  his  own  pen  strike  out  the  spurious  species,  alter 
the  synonyms,  insert  the  newly  discovered  forms,  and  make  the  requisite 
corrections  in  the  classified  results. 

122.  With  regard  to  the  tropical  fauna,  the  researches  at  Cape  St.  Lucas 
and  in  the  interior  of  the  Gulf  of  California,  though  leaving  much  to  be 
desired,  bear-out  the  general  conclusions  arrived- at  in  paragraphs  78-87. 
The  evidence  for  the  identity  of  specific  forms  on  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  sides 
of  Central  America  has  been  greatly  confirmed.     Dr.  Gould  writes,  "  The 
doctrine  of  local  limitations  meets  with  so  few  apparent  exceptions  that  we 
admit  it  as  an  axiom  in  zoology  that  species  strongly  resembling  each  other, 
derived  from  widely  diverse  localities,  especially  if  a  continent  intervenes, 
and  if  no  known  or  plausible  means  of  communication  can  be  assigned, 
should  be  assumed  as  different  until  their  identity  can  be  proved  (vide  E.  E. 
Moll.  Intr.  p.  xi).     Much  study  of  living  specimens  must  be  made  before 
the  apparent  exceptions  can  be  brought  under  the  rule."     It  has,  however, 
to  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  researches  of  modern  geology  clearly  point  to 
considerable  alterations  in  the  existing  configuration  of  continents,  and  m 
the  consequent  direction  of  ocean-currents,  during  the  ascertained  period  of 
many  species  now  living.     Nor  are  we  warranted  in  the  belief  that  the 
existing  fauna  in  any  locality  has  been  created  at  any  one  time,  or  has 
radiated  from  any  single  spot.    To  study  the  relations  of  living  shells  simply 
in  connexion  with  the  existing  map  of  the  world  must  lead  but  to  partial 
results.      The  facts  accumulating  with   regard  to  the   British  species,  by 
tracing  them  through  the  northern  drift  (now  found  even  on  the  Snowdonian 
range),  to  the  oldest  crag  deposits  when  Europe  was  contained  in  far  different 
boundaries,  show  how  altered  may  have  been  the  configuration  of  the  new 
world  when  the  oldest  of  its  molluscs  were  first  created.     Coordinately  with 
the  glacial  period,  Central  America  may  have  been  a  group  of  islands ;  co- 
ordinately  with  the  creation  of  Saoricav a pholadls  and  Chrysodomus  antiquvs. 
the  gulf-weed  may  have   floated   between   the   llocky  Mountains   in  the 
archipelago  of  West  America,  and  Japanese  molluscs  may  have  known  how 
to  migrate  to  the  Mediterranean  shores.     Dr.  Gould's  position  may  there- 
fore be  accepted  in  theory ;  yet,  in  practice,  the  "  imperfection  of  the  geological 
record"*,  and  even  of  our  knowledge  of  existing  species  and  their  variations, 
demands  that  the  greatest  caution  be  exercised  in  building  results  on  deduc- 
tions from  our  ignorance.     Already  the  fossil  Malea  ringens  of  the  Atlantic 
has  proved  a  "  Rosetta  Stone  "  to  interpret  the  Cyprcna  exanthema,  Purpura 
patula,  and  other  Caribbean  shells  of  the  Pacific  ;  and  as  the  geology  of  the 
West  Coast  advances,  so  may  we  expect  to  find  traces  of  previous  denizens  of 

*  No  student  of  geographical  distribution  should  omit  to  weigh  carefully  the  chapter 
on  this  subject  in  Darwin's  '  Origin  of  Species,'  and  the  information  given  in  LyelTs 
*  Antiquity  of  Man/ 

166 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  681 

American  waters,  which  have  bequeathed  some  species  now  flourishing,  and 
others  dying-out,  to  the  existing  seas.  The  present  faunas  of  West  America 
are  perhaps  the  most  isolated  on  the  surface  of  the  globe ;  yet,  if  we  knew 
the  ancestry  of  each  specific  form,  we  might  find  some  first  appearing  with  man 
on  this  planet,  others  first  living  even  in  historic  times,  others  tracing  their 
descent  from  remote  periods,  and  it  may  be  very  distant  localities,  in  the  ages 
of  the  Miocene,  possibly  even  of  the  Eocene  oceans.  These  suppositions  are 
not  set  forth  as  theories,  but  simply  to  guard  against  interpretations  of  facts 
based  on  conclusions  which  may  be  only  the  results  of  our  necessarily 
imperfect  information. 

123.  With  regard  to  forms  offering  local  peculiarities  sufficient  to   dis- 
tinguish them  from  correlative  forms  offering  equal  peculiarities  in  some  other 
fauna,  we  are  by  no  means  warranted  in  assuming  that  these  have  sprung 
from  different  creations.     If  a  race  of  men,  migrating  to  a  new  continent,  in 
a  very  few  generations,  or  even  in  the  next,  develope  an  essentially  different 
2)h>/sique,  it  is  fair  to  conclude  that  molluscs,  borne  by  a  change  of  currents  to 
a  distant  region,  or  steadily  migrating  to  the  extreme  limit  of  their  con- 
ditions of  life,  will  also  change  their  appearance.     If  the  publication  of  the 
"  Darwinian  Theory  "  has  had  no  other  effect,  it  has  at  least  checked  the  pro- 
pensity to  announce  "new  species"  for  differences  which  may  fairly  be  re- 
garded as  varietal.     It  must  also  be  borne  in  mind,  that  if  the  views  of  Mr. 
Darwin  be  only  a  theory,  such  also  is  the  name  required  for  the  prevalent 
opinion  of  separate  creations  for  all  diverse  forms.     What  indeed  can  we 
possibly  know  of  the  mode  of  original  creation  of  a  single  species  ?     We  can 
only  prove  that  one  or  the  other  supposition  best  explains  a  certain  class  of 
facts.     It  is  not  necessary  for  a  working  naturalist  to  commit  himself  to  an 
exclusive  belief  in  either  of  these  theories.     He  may  perhaps  best  explain 
some  facts  by  the  doctrine  of  separate  creation,  others  by  that  of  natural 
selection.     In  either  case  it  is  his  duty  to  trace-out,  as  far  as  possible,  the 
limits  as  well  as  the  powers  of  variation  in  every  living  form,  and  to  guard 
against  seeing  that  only  which  accords  with  his  prevailing  belief. 

124.  The  study  of  European  shells,  as  they  exist  in  Norway,  in  Britain,  in 
the  Mediterranean,  at  the  Canaries,  or  as  they  appear  at  different  depths 
and  stations  in  our  own  seas,  still  more  as  they  occur  in  the  widely  separated 
periods  of  the  later  and  middle  tertiary  ages,  is  an  excellent  preparation  for 
the  examination  of  either  recent  or  fossil  faunas  in  districts  where  our  know- 
ledge is  fragmentary  and  unconfirmed.     It  may  be  safely  stated  that  there  are, 
in  the  American  waters,  many  tropical  forms  from  the  West  Indies  and  the 
Pacific  shores,  some  temperate  forms  from  California  and  the  Atlantic,  and 
many  sub-boreal  species  in  the  Vancouver  district  and  the  European  seas, 
not  differing  from  each  other  more  or  even  so  much  as  forms  universally 
allowed  by  malacologists  to  have  had  a  common  origin  from  Britain  and  the 
Mediterranean,  from  the  Red  and  the  Coralline  Crag. 

125.  It  is  interesting  to  observe  that,  notwithstanding  the  probable  con- 
nexion of  the  oceans  through  the  Rocky  Mountains  during  the  Miocene  age,  j 
there  is  extremely  little  similarity  between  the  special  temperate  faunas  of 
East  and  West  America.     Not  a  single  species  has  yet  been  proved  identical, 
and  the  allied  forms  are  but  few  in  number.     They  appear  as  follows : — 

OaUfornian  species.  U.  S.  Atlantic  species. 


Clidiopliora  punctata. 
Lvonsia  Californica. 
Macoma  inconspicua. 
Angulus  modestus. 
Raeta  uudulata. 


167 


C.  trilineata  (?  =nasuta). 

L.  (hyal!na=)Floridana. 

M.  fusca. 

A.  tener. 

R.  canaliculate. 


682 


REPORT— 1863. 


California*,  species. 

Liocardium  substriatum. 
Lunatia  Lewisii. 
Na?sa  mendica. 
Amycla  (species). 


U.  S.  Atlantic  species^ 
L.  Mortoni. 
L.  heros. 
N.  trivittata. 
Amycla  (species). 


126.  When,  however,  we  approach  the  region  in  which  boreal  and  sub- 
boreal  forms  occur,  many  species  are  found  in  common,  and  between  others 
there  is  but  slight  difference.  Yet  even  here  there  are  more  British  than 
!>  ew  England  species  in  the  West-coast  fauna.  As  might  be  expected,  the 
British  species  are  for  the  most  part  those  which  are  also  found  fossil,  and 
therefore  have  had  time  to  diffuse  themselves  widely  over  the  hemisphere. 
It  ia,  however,  remarkable  that  many  Crag  species  have  reached  Eastern 
Asia  and  West  America  which  are  not  found  in  Grand  Manan  and  New 
England.  It  is  also  extraordinary  that  certain  special  generic  forms  of  the 
Crag,  as  Acila,  Miodon,  Verticordia,  and  Solariella,  reappear  in  the  North 
Pacific*.  When  seeking  for  an  explanation  of  so  remarkable  a  connexion 
between  faunas  widely  removed  in  space  and  time,  the  correlative  fact  must 
be  borne  in  mind,  that  the  northern  drift  f,  so  widely  diffused  over  Europe 
and  Eastern  America,  has  not  yet  been  traced  in  the  western  region.  The 
following  Table  exhibits,  not  only  the  identical  but  the  similar  species  be- 
longing to  the  northern  faunas  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific.  In  the  Asiatic 
column,  K  denotes  that  the  species  occurs  in  the  Kamtschatka  region,  J  in 
Japan.  In  the  second  column,  Y  signifies  the  Vancouver  district,  Cthe  Cali- 
fornian,  and  I  the  Sta.  Barbara  group  of  islands.  The  species  marked  F 
are  also  fossil.  In  the  third  column,  C  denotes  the  Coralline,  R  the  Red,  and 
M  the  Mammaliferous  Crag.  The  fourth  contains  the  species  living  in  the 
British  seas ;  the  fifth,  on  the  American  side  of  the  Atlantic,  Gr.  standing 
for  Greenland. 


East  Asia. 

West  America. 

Crag. 

British. 

E.  America. 

K 

K 
J 

JK 
JK,lata 
K 
K 

China 

1 

V      Rhynconella  psittacea   .  . 
V  C  Xylotrya  pennatifera  .... 
V      Xvlotrya  timbriata.  ..... 

(Pleistocene) 

CRM 
OEM 

Faujasii,  C  R 
'PBmghami'l 
C  R  M 
lata,  RM 
RM 

compressa,RM 
corbis,  C  R 
CRM 
0 
cardiiformis,  C 
CR 

psittacea 
pennatifera 
rtmbriata 
crispata 
pholadis 

Binghami 
truncata 
proxima 

compressa 

borealis 
flexuosus 

suborbicul. 

psittacea 

crispata 
pholadis 

truncata 
proxima,&c 
Greenland, 
borealis 
compressa 

V  C  Zirphsea  crispata    

V  C  Saxicava  pholadis  
V  C  Glycimeris  generosa  .... 
V      Spha^nia  ovalis  

V      Mya  truncata    

V      Macoma  inquinata  
V      Serripes  Grcenlandicus  .  . 
V  I   Venericardia  borealis  .... 
V      Astarte  (compacta)    .... 
V      Miodon  prolongatus  .... 

I       Cryptodon  flexuosus  .... 
I       Verticordia  9-costata.  .  .  . 
V  C  Kellia  suborbicularis  .... 

*  Whether  there  be  any  similar  correspondence  in  the  Polyzoa  is  not  yet  known,  Mr. 
Busk  not  having  had  time  to  complete  his  examination. 

t  See,  in  this  connexion,  a  very  accurate  Table  of  the  species  which  travel  round 
Cape  Cod,  with  their  distribution  in  existing  seas  and  over  different  provinces  of  the 
various  drift-formations  in  the  Old  and  New  World,  by  Sanderson  Smith,  in  Ann.  Lye. 
Nat.  Hist.  N.  York,  vol.  vii.  1860,  p.  166. 

1  From  the  Coralline  Crag.    Looks  more  like  ovalis. 

168 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OP  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA., 


683 


1  East  Asia. 

West'Araerica. 

Crag. 

British. 

."5.  America. 

J 

C 

rubra 

JK 

V  C  Mytilus  edulis    

KM 

edulis 

edulis 

FORM 

modiolus 

modiolus 

JK 

V      Modiolaria  marmorata  .  . 
V      Modiolaria  laevigata  .... 
I       Crenella  decussata  

OR 

marmorata 
nigra 
decussata 

marmorata 
laevisrata 
glanditid 

JK 

OEM 

tenuis 

tenuis 

insignis.&c 
JK 

V  C  I  F  Acila  castrensis    .... 
V      Yoldia  lanceolata 

Cobboldiaj,RM 
RM 

lanceolata 

V      Leda  minuta  

RM 

caudata 

minuta 

1        ~ 

(Asia) 

I       Limasa  subauriculata.  .  .  . 
V  C  Hinnites  giganteus     .... 

C 

Cortesyi,  C 
M 

subauricul 
palustris 

palustiis 

V  C  Cvlichna  attonsa    

cvlindracea.  C  R 

attonsa 

V      Haminea  hvdatis    . 

M 

hvdatis 

J  K,  caeca 

VC  Dentalium  Indianorum.  . 
V      Lepeta  csscoides     

entale,  M 

entale 
(ca3ca,JVbr.) 

striolaturn 
casca,  Gr 

V      Margarita  helicina  



helicina 

helicina 

Vahlii  Gr 

_ 

V      Mesalia  lacteola  

lactea,  Gr 



M 

vincta 

vincta 

K(tuiTicula 

V      Bala  fidiciila   

turricula,  R 

turricula 

turricula 

V      Bela  excurvata  

Trevelliana,  R 

Trevelliana 

K 

V  C  Seal  aria  Indianorum  .... 

V      Velutina  Isevigata 

M 

communis 
Ise  vi^ata 

laBvisfata 

K 

V      Natica  clausa  

R 

(Norway) 

clausa 

V  C  I  Eulima  micans  

polita,  C  R 

micans 

— 

V      Cerithiopsis  tubercularis 
V  I    Triforis  ad  versus    
C  I    Erato  columbella    

0 
C 
Vlaugerise.  C  R 

;ubercularis 
adversus 

(W  I") 



lapillus 

lapillus 

— 

V      Chrysodomus  liratus.  .  .  . 
V     Trophon  multicostatus  .  . 

— 

(Norway) 

10-costatiisj 
Gunneri 

127.  The  following  species  (besides  others  dredged  by  Mr.  A.  Adams,  but  not 
yet  determined)  have  been  found  on  both  the  Asiatic  and  American  shores  of 
the  N.  Pacific,  in  addition  to  those  recorded  by  Middendorff,  v.  Brit.  Assoc. 
Report,  p.  223. 


Terebratella  Coreanica. 
Waldheimia  Californica. 
Waldheimia  pulvinata. 
Waldheimia  Grayi. 
Glycimeris  generosa. 
Sciiizothaarus  Nuttallii. 
Solen  sicarius. 
Sanguinolaria  Nuttallii. 
Tellina  Bodegensis. 


Cardium  modestum. 
Amusium  caurinum. 
Placunanomia  macroschisma. 
Crepidula  grandis. 
Drillia  inermis. 
Lunatia  pallida. 
Priene  Oregonensis. 
Cerostoma  foliatum. 


Siphonalia  Kellettii. 
128.  The  Vancouver  and  Californian  districts  have  so  many  characteristic 
species  in  common  (111  out  of  492),  that  they  must  be  regarded  as  con- 
stituting one  fauna,  differing  as  do  the  British  and  Mediterranean  regions. 
Pull  particulars  as  to  the  range  of  the  different  species  may  be  expected  in 
Dr.  Cooper's  Report  to  the  Californian  Geological  Survey.  One  fact  must, 
however,  be  here  specially  noted,  viz.  the  great  peculiarity  of  the  island-fauna. 
Although  the  Sta,  Barbara  group  are  so  near  the  mainland,  the  dredge  bus 
not  only  produced  many  species  not  known  on  the  continent,  but  also  many 

169 


684  REPORT— 18G3. 

before  considered  as  essentially  tropical.  Along  with-  these  are  not  only  some 
species  of  types  hitherto  regarded  as  almost  exclusively  Asiatic,  as  Verticordia, 
Solariella,  and  Fulvia  modesta,  but  also  some  which  belong  to  the  sub-boreal 
district,  as  Lucina  borealis,  Venericardia  borealis,  and  Crenella  decussata.  The 
latter  belongs  to  the  British,  and  not  to  the  N.  England  form. 

129.  Of  the  bleudingof  the  temperate  and  tropical  faunas  on  the  peninsula  of 
L.  California  we  are  still  in  ignorance.  All  we  know  is,  that  at  Margarita  Bay 
the  shells  are  still  tropical,  and  that  at  Cerros  Island  they  are  strangely  inter- 
mixed. There  is  peculiar  evidence  of  connexion  between  the  faunas  of  the  penin- 
sula and  of  S.  America,  not  only  in  the  land-shells  (v.  anted,  p.  630),  but  in 
some  of  the  marine  forms.  Beside  identical  species  with  wide  range,  as  many  Ca- 
lyptraeids,  the  following  are  coordinate  between  the  North  and  South  Paciiic: — 


Upper  and  Lower  California. 
Netastoma  Darwinii. 
Solecurtus  Californianus. 
Semele  rupium. 
Callista  var.  puella. 
Ohama  pellucida. 
Liocardium  substriatum. 
Axinsea  (Barbarensis.) 
Verticordia  novemcostata. 
Pecten  aequisulcatus. 
Siphonaria  thersites. 
Tonicia  lineata. 
Acmaea  patina. 
Acnuea  persona. 
Scurria  mitra. 
Chlorostoma  funebrale. 
Mitra  maura. 
Eanella  Californica. 
Priene  Oregonensis. 
Trophon  multicostatus. 


South  America. 

N.  Darwinii. 

S.  Dombeyi. 

(Ditto,  Galapagos.) 

C.  pannosa. 

C.  pellucida. 

L.  Elenense. 

A.  intermedia. 

V.  ornata. 

P.  ventricosus. 

S.  lateralis,  &c. 

T.  lineolata. 

A.  scutum,  D'Orb. 

A.  "  Oregona,"  H.  C. 

S.  scurra. 

C.  nice  stum. 

M.  maura. 

R.  ventricosa. 

P.  cancellata. 

T.  Magellanicus. 


Time  and  space  do  not  avail  for  pointing  out  further  relations  with  exotic 
faunas ;  which  indeed  will  be  performed  with  greater  correctness  after  Dr. 
Cooper  shall  have  published  his  complete  lists. 

130.  Eor  the  sake  of  avoiding  the  inconvenience  of  trinomial  nomenclature, 
the  subgeneric  and  varietal  names  have  often  been  cited  in  this  Eeport  instead 
of  the  generic  and  specific,  in  order  that  the  exact  form  of  the  shell  quoted 
might  be  more  quickly  determined.  The  diagnoses  of  all  the  new  species 
here  tabulated  are  written  for  the  press,  and  will  shortly  appear  in  the  dif- 
ferent scientific  journals.  Additional  specimens  will  probably  prove  several 
forms  to  be  conspecific  which  are  here  treated  as  distinct.  In  the  present 
state  of  the  science,  absolute  certainty  is  not  to  be  attained.  The  object  of 
the  writer*  has  been  principally  to  bring  together  the  works  of  his  prede- 
cessors, and  so  to  arrange  and  describe  the  new  materials  that  those  who 
continue  his  labours  may  be  able  to  draw  their  own  conclusions  from  existing 
data.  In  order  to  facilitate  reference,  a  brief  index  is  here  given  of  the 
subject-matter  of  the  former  and  of  the  present  Reports. 

*  The  best  thanks  of  the  writer  are  due  to  Hugh  Cuming,  Esq.,  for  the  free  use  of  his 
collection ;  to  Messrs.  H.  &  A.  Adams,  Hanley,  Beeve,  and  Sowerby,  for  aid  in  identifying 
specimens ;  to  the  officers  and  naturalists  connected  with  the  Smithsonian  Institution ; 
to  Dr.  A.  A.  Gould,  for  very  valuable  corrections  ;  and  generally  to  authors  and  friends, 
who  have  kindly  rendered  him  all  the  assistance  in  their  power.  He  earnestly  invites 
criticisms  on  the  subject-matter  of  the  two  Reports  ;  in  order  that  they  may  be  embodied, 
and  errors  corrected,  in  the  Manuals  of  the  West-Coast  Mollusca  which  he  has  undertaken 
to  prepare  for  the  Smithsonian  Institution. 

Warrington,  Aug.  22ndt  1864.  ^  ,_~ 


ON  MOLLUSCA  OF  THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  685 

TABLE  OF  CONTENTS.  Page  in 

Paragraph.  Report  L     Keport  II, 

1-5.  Physical  Condition  of  West  America      159  ... 

6-12.  Errors  respecting  Habitat 162     ... 

2 S-21.  Errors  of  Nomenclature 164  ... 

'  22.  Table  of  Localities 167  ...     517 

23.  Table  of  collectors.    Early  Writers.     Linnaeus,  Solander, 

Martyn,   Chemnitz,   Dixon,  Dombey,   Perry,    Leach, 

Dillwyn,  Larnarck,  Swainson    ...         168  ...     517 

24.  Humboidt  and  Bonpland  (Valenciennes)            169  ...     521 

25.  Voyage  of  « Coquille :'  Lesson      172  ...     521 

26.  Eschscholtz 172  ...     521 

27.  Tankerville  Catalogue  :  Zoological  Journal       174  ...     522 

28.  Voyage  of  '  Blossom ':  Beechey,  Belcher            175  ...     522 

29.  Wood's  '  Index  Testa  ceologicus  '  and  Supplement         ...  178  ...     523 

30.  Voyage  of  '  Astrolabe ':  Quoy  and  Gaimard      179  ... 

31.  Voyage  of  '  Adventure '  and  '  Beagle ':  King     179  ...     524 

32.  Hugh  Cuming's  Researches          179 

33.  D'Orbigny's  S.  America               189  ... 

34.  Botta          191 

35.  Blainville's  Purpurse         ...         , 191  ... 

36.  Guerin's  Magasin :  Duclos           191  ...    524 

37.  Voyage  of  '  Beagle' :  Darwin  (see  also  p.  359) 192  ... 

38.  Lady  Katherine  Douglas  (afterwards  Wigram) 192  ...     525 

39.  Nuttall;  Conrad 192  ...     525 

40.  Voyage  of  '  Bjnite' :  Eydoux  and  Souleyet       201  ... 

41.  „           'Venus':  Deshayes,  Valenciennes     202  ...     528 

42.  „          'Sulphur':  Hinds       204  ...     529 

43.  U.  S.  Exploring  Expedition ;  Gould       208  ...     529 

44.  Middendorff           214  ...     532 

45.  Voyage  of  '  Samarang ':  Adams  and  Eeeve        224  ...     534 

46.  E.  B.  Philippi        224  ...     534 

47.  Mexican-War  Naturalists,  Kich  and  Green ;  also  Jewett  225  ...     534 
48,  49.  Melchers  ;  Menke 235  ... 

50.  Kellett  and  Wood ;  Forbes          239  ...     542 

51.  Eeigen;  Br.  Mus.  Mazatlan  Catalogue 241  ...     542 

62, 110.  Conrad  on  Wilson's  shells   '        264  ...     634 

53.  Jay's  Catalogue      ...         ...         265  ...     548 

54.  C.  B.  Adams ;  Panama  Catalogue            265  ...     549 

55.  Br.  Mus.  Catalogues ;  VenericUe 281  ...     553 

56.  Sailor's  Collection 281  ...     554 

67,98.  Gould's  Collection 233  ...    554 

58.  Bridges       284  ...     554 

59.  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society     285  ...     554 

60.  Sowerby;  '  Conchologi cat  Illustrations '             288  ...     559 

61.  „          '  Thesaurus  Conchy liorum '  and  'Malacological 

Magazine'           288  ...     561 

„     Sowerby's  '  Genera  ' ;  Reeve's  '  Conchologia  Systematica'  561 

62.  Reeve's  '  Conchologia  Iconica '     ...         ...  289  ...     562 

63.  Kiener, '  Coquilles  Vivantes '        ...         ...         293  .  .     563 

64,  65.  German   authors ;    Pfeiffer,   Menke,    Philippi,    Kiister, 

Dunker 294  ...     573 

66.  British  Museum  Collection          , 296  ...     574 

67.  Cumingian  Collection        ...         297 

68.  Various  European  sources :  Bosc,  Lesson,  Gray,  Wood- 

ward,  Hanley,  Journ.   de   Conch.,  Chenu,    Duclos, 

Deshayes             297  ...     575 

69. 121.  General  Table  of  the  Western  Faunas 297  ... 

70,71.  Isolation  from  other  Provinces 346 

72,  73.  Boreal  and  Sitcha  District           347  ... 

74-76.  Fauna  of  Oregon  and  Upper  California 348  ...     635 

77,  78.        „        Lower  California ;  S.  Diego,  S.  Pedro,  S.  Juan, 

La  Paz,  Guaymas          350 

79-83.  Tropical  Fauna  ;  Galapagos         353 

84-87, 122.  Comparison  with  other  Faunas 362  .       680 

171 


686  REPORT— 1863. 

Page  in 
Paragraph.  Eeport  I.     Eeport  II. 

88.  Land  and  Freshwater  Shells         366 

89.  Polyzoa       367 


91,  120.  Fossil  Species ;  U.  S.  Expl.Exp 367 

90,  92.  Conclusion  of  First  Eeport  ...     367 

3.  Smithsonian  Institution ;  Collections  and  Publications 


679 

577 

94.  N.  Pacific  Exploring  Expedition ;  Stimpson,  Gould 582 

95.  TJ.  S.  Japan  Expedition ;  Jay      587 

96.  A.  Adams ;  Japan 588 

97.  Pacific  EailroadEeports;  Blake's  Fossils          588 

98.  „              „                Gould's  Shells          283    ...  592 

99.  „              „                 Newberry's  Fossils 593 

100.  „              „                 Antisell's  Fossils       ,594 

101.  „              „                 W.  Cooper's  Shells  (Coop.) 596 

102.  U.  S.  N.  Pacific  Boundary  Survey  ;  Kennerley.. 601 

103.  Brit.              „                „                 ;  Lord,  Lyall,  Forbes      603 

104.  Californian  State  Geological  Survey;  J.  G.  Cooper  (Cp.)      •.  607 

105.  Cape  St.  Lucas  Shells ;  Xantus 616 

106.  Neeah  Bay,  Vancouver,  &c. ;  Swan         626 

107.  Farallone  Islands 628 

108.  J.  G.  Cooper's  Land  Shells  ;  Bland        629 

109.  Land  Shells  of  Lower  CaMfornia              630 

110.  Californian  Naturalists:  Trask,  Newcomb,  Eowell,  Gabb, 

Eemond 631 

111.  Various  American  publications 633 

112.  General  Table  of  the  Vancouver  and  Californian  Fauna       635 

113.  Additional  Shells  from  Lower  California  and  the  Gulf; 

Cerros  Island,  Margarita  Bay,  La  Paz,  Guay mas      664 

1 14.  Additional  Shells  of  Tropical  Fauna ;  Acapulco,  Eeal 

Llejos,  Panama              668 

115.  General  List  of  Land,  Freshwater,  and  Marine  Pulmo- 

nates;  Binney „.         ...         669 

116.  Paludinidae,  &c. ;  Binney 676 

117.  Melaniadae;  Binney          677 

118.  Unionidae;  Lea      677 

119.  Cyrenidae;  Prime 678 

91,  120.  Tertiary  Fossils     367     ...  679 

69, 121.  Corrections  of  General  Table       297     ...  680 

84r  122.  Comparison  with  other  Faunas 362     ...  680 

123.  Local  peculiarities 681 

124.  Comparative  study  of  European  Fauna 681 

125.  Comparison  with  Eastern  American  Fauna        681 

126.  Comparison  with  the  Crag  Fossils           682 

127.  Comparison  with  Asiatic  Shells     683 

128.  Peculiarities  of  the  Island  Fauna            684 

129.  Comparison  of  the  West  Coast  of  N.  and  S.  America 684 

130.  Explanation  of  Nomenclature       ...    ...  684 


172 


B. 


EEYIEW 


OF 


PROF.  C.  B.  ADAMS'S  CATALOGUE 


OF  THE 


SHELLS  OF  PANAMA.  FROM  THE  TYPE  SPECIMENS. 


BY 
PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B.  A.,  PH.D. 


From  the  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London,  pp.  339-369, 

June  23,  1863. 


(  173  ) 


REVIEW  OF  PROF.  C.  B.  ADAMS'S  'CATALOGUE  OF  THE  SHELLS 
OF  PANAMA'*,  FROM  THE  TYPE  SPECIMENS.  BY  PHILIP  P. 
CARPENTER,  B.A.,  PH.D. 

A  resume  of  this  important  contribution  to  our  knowledge  of  local 
faunas,  and  a  comparison  with  the  British  Museum  '  Descriptive 
Catalogue  of  the  Reigen  Collection  of  Mazatlan  Mollusca,'  is  given 
in  the  'Report  of  the  British  Association'  for  1856,  pp.  265-281. 
Full  series  of  the  old  species,  and  the  first  specimens  of  the  new, 
were  deposited  by  Prof.  Adams  in  the  Museum  of  Amherst  College, 
\\hich  also  contains  similar  series  of  the  Professor's  Caribbean  col- 
lections. The  second  specimens  of  new  species  were  sent  to  Mr. 
Cuming,  and  through  his  kindness  were  freely  used  in  preparing 
the  Mazatlan  Catalogue,  thus  avoiding  the  necessity  of  many  syno- 
nvms.  An  instructive  lesson  in  candour  and  forbearance  may  be 
learnt  by  comparing  together  the  works  of  any  two  naturalists  of 
equal  celebrity,  or  by  comparing  either  of  them  with  the  types. 
With  the  best  desires  for  accuracy,  and  the  greatest  care,  it  is  hardly 
possible  for  an  author  to  describe  so  that  his  readers  shall  see  shells 
as  he  sees  them.  If  this  be  true  of  such  full  and  precise  diagnoses 
as  those  of  Adams  and  Gould,  how  much  greater  must  be  the  diffi- 
culty to  foreigners  of  recognizing  shells  from  the  brief  descriptions 
of  Broderip,  Lamarck,  and  the  older  writers  generally.  The  careful 

*  Catalogue  of  Shells  collected  at  Panama ;  with  Notes  on  their  Synonymy, 
Station,  and  Geographical  Distribution  •  by  C.  B.  Adams,  Professor  of  Zoology, 
&c.,  in  Amherst  College,  Mass.  Reprinted  from  the  '  Annals  of  Lyceum  of  Nat. 
Hist.  N.  Y.,'  vol.  v.  New  York,  1852. 

175 


2       DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA. 

preservation  of  types  therefore,  and  the  interchange  of  specimens 
named  from  types,  is  of  the  first  importance  to  save  the  time  and 
ensure  the  accuracy  of  succeeding  writers.  The  Smithsonian  Insti- 
tution has  fully  recognized  this  principle  by  directing  that  the  first 
available  duplicate  of  all  type  species  described  from  its  collections 
shall  be  deposited  in  some  museum  open  to  students  on  the  other 
side  of  the  Atlantic. 

As  the  authorities  of  Amherst  College  had  not  taken  any  steps 
to  figure  their  unique  specimens,  and  as  Prof.  Adams's  determina- 
tions of  old  species  had  not  been  verified,  I  made  it  my  business 
(when  visiting  America  to  deposit  the  first  duplicate  series  of  the 
Mazatlan  Shells  in  the  New  York  State  Museum  at  Albany)  to  com- 
pare Prof.  Adams's. collection,  on  the  spot,  with  his  published  book, 
in  my  copy  of  which  I  made  my  notes  and  sketches  at  the  time. 
Every  facility  was  afforded  me  by  the  Curator.  I  was  allowed  freely 
to  handle  the  specimens  in  the  presence  of  his  assistant,  and  to  draw 
the  minute  species  under  my  microscope.  I  took  with  me  for  com- 
parison the  drawings  of  the  minute  Mazatlan  shells  in  the  British 
Museum.  The  species  being  numbered  in  both  the  Panama  and  the 
Mazatlan  lists,  it  is  easy  now  to  institute  a  comparison  between  them. 
They  are  here  distinguished  by  the  initials  P.  and  M. 

P.  1.  Ovula  avena.  May  be  distinct  from  Radius  variabilis, 
J\i.  435,  being  much  more  stumpy,  with  a  thicker  lip ;  but  the  few 
specimens  are  in  poor  condition,  and  the  differences  may  be  accidents 
of  station. 

2.  Ovula  emarginata=Carinea  e.    Quite  distinct  from  its  Carib- 
bean analogue  C.  gibbosa. 

3.  Ovula  neglecta,  C.  B.  Ad.,  is  probably  a  small  variety  of  Ra- 
dius variabilis. 

4.  Ovula  variabilis,  C.  B.  Ad.  =  Radius  v.,  M.  435. 

5.  Ovula,  sp.  ind.,  probably =varia b His,  jun. 

6.  Cyprcea  arabicula= Aricia  a.,  M.  438. 

7.  Cypraea  cervinetta=C.  exanthema,   M.  436.       Having  now 
examined  a  multitude  of  specimens  from  different  stations  on  the 
west  coast,  which  differ  from  each  other  quite  as  much  as  they  do 
from  the  typical  Caribbean  forms,  I  am  confirmed  in  the  belief  of 
their  identity. 

8.  Cyprcea  punctulata= Aricia  p.     Erroneously    given,    in   M. 
p.  374,  as  a  probable  synonym  of  A.  arabicula.     It  is  less  thickened 
at  the  sides,  with  smaller  spots.     Although  specimens  of  arabicula 
graduate  into  it  at  the  back,  it  may  always  be  known  by  the  mouth, 
which  has  its  teeth  much  further  apart. 

9.  Cyprcea  pustulat a  =  Trivia  p.,  M.  439. 

176 


DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA. 

10.  Cyprcea  radians=  Trivia  r.,  M.  4-40. 

11.  Cyprcea  ru b esc ens — dead  sp.  of  Trivia  sanguined,  M.  442. 

12.  Cyprcea  sanguinea=  Trivia  s.,  M.  442. 

13.  Erato  scabriuscula.     Stet. 

14.  Marginella  minor.     Stet,  M.  587. 

15.  Marginella  sapotilla.     The  Panama  specimens  collected  by 
Prof.  Adams,  and  abundantly  by  others,  more  closely  resemble  M. 
prunum  than  the  type  M.  sapotilla  of  Hinds,  which  is  a  much  smaller 
shell.     The  Caribbean  shells  (which  are  found  across  the  Isthmus 
at  Aspinwall)  differ  only  in  having  a  sharper  angle  in  the  labrum  at 
the  posterior  notch.     Adanson's  habitat,  doubted  by  Prof.  Adams 
(note,  p.  41),  is  confirmed  by  specimens  in  the  Bristol  Institution 
brought  from  Sierra  Leone  by  Chief  Justice  Rankine.     The  Pacific 
shells  are  probably  conspecific,  sufficient  evidence  being  now  in  our 
possession  that  the  two  oceans  were  united  at  least  as  late  as  the 
Miocene  epoch*. 

16.  Mitra funiculata.    Stet. 

17.  Mitra  lens,  M.  585. 

18.  Mitra  nucleola.     Closely  resembling  young  specimens  of  the 
Caribbean  M.  granulosa. 

19.  Mitra  solitaria,  C.  B.  Ad.  =  Zierliana  s.      Other  specimens 
have  since  been  found  of  this  characteristic  species.     The  "  trans- 
verse ribs  "  can  scarcely  be  said  to  be  "  obsolete  anteriorly." 

20.  Mitra  tiistis  =  Strigatella  t.t  M.  586. 

21.  Terebra  elata  =  Myurella  e. 

22.  Terebra  larvccformis  =  Myurella  I. 

23.  24.  Stent. 

25.  Terebra  tuberculosa  =  MyureIla  t. 

26.  Terebra  varicosa.     This  may  possibly  be  a  very  young  speci- 
men of  Subula  v. ;  but  I  think  it  distinct. 

27-31.  Sp.  ind.     A  specimen  of  Euryta  fulyurata,  M.  455,  is  in 
the  museum,  as  from  Panama,  but  not  of  Prof.  Adams's  collecting. 

32.   Oliva  angulata,  M.  590. 

*  The  specimens  in  the  Cumingian  Museum,  named  M.  ccerulescens  at  the  time  i 
of  the  British  Association  Report,  are  now  labelled  "  sapotilla,  Hds.,  5-13  fathoms 
sandy  mud,  Panama,  H.  C."  Another  set  of  Pacific  shells  (notch-angle  rounded) 
are  given  as  "  Marginella  n.  s.,  Panama,"  "  San  Domingo"  having  been  erased. 
The  large  West  Indian  form  (notch-angle  sharp)  is  given  as  "  ccerulescens,  var., 
Lam.,  10  fathoms  sandy  mud,  Panama."  Another  set  of  large  shells,  with  sharp 
angle,  and  labrum  tinted  behind,  is  given  as  "  ccerulescens,  Lam.,  Panama,"  hut 
without  authority.  The  small  West-Indian  form  (like  the  typical  sapotilla)  is 
given  as  "  glans,  Mke."  Either  in  this,  as  in  other  instances,  error  has  crept  into 
the  locality-marks,  or  else  even  the  distinction  pointed  out  by  Mr.  Redfield  (who 
has  given  peculiar  study  to  this  geuus)  caunot  be  relied  ou  for  separating  the  spe- 
ci/s  goographi'-ally. 

12  ,177 


4       DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA. 

33.  Oliva  araneosa  =  O.  melchersi,  M.  59 1 .    Prof.  Adams's  shanty 
specimen  can  scarcely  be  distinguished  from  that  which  he  marked 
"  0.  literata,  Alabama."     But  the  ordinary  aspect  of  the  shells  O. 
reticularis  from  the  Caribbean  Islands,  O.  literata  from  the  coast  of 
the  Southern  States,  and  O.  melchersi  from  the  Pacific,  is  sufficiently 
distinct  (for  the  genus). 

34.  Oliva  inconspicua,  C.  B.  M.  =  Olivella  i.,  M.  599.     Some  of 
the  shells  referred  to  this  species  from  Panama,  Mazatlan,  and  Cape 
St.  Lucas  graduate  into  the  Caribbean  O.  oryza  ;  othersvmto  dwarf 
forms  of  O.  gracilis.     The  species  either  needs  revision  from  fresh 
specimens,  or  should  be  merged  into  O.  gracilis. 

35.  Oliva  pellucida,  C.  B.  Ad.     Dead  specimen ;    differs  from 
Olivella  p.,  Rve. 

36.  Oliva  porphyria.    Stet. 

37.  Oliva  semistriata  =  Olivella  s.      Closely  resembles  0.  colu- 
mellaris. 

38.  Oliva  testacea=Agaronia  t.y  M.  602. 

39.  Oliva  undatella  =  Olivella  u.,  M.  595. 

40.  Oliva  venulata.     This  shanty  specimen  is  O.  angulata,  jun. 
The  O.  venulata,  M.  593,  is  named  by  Prof.  Adams  O  julietta,  as 
also  by  Mke.  (non  Duel.).    The  true  O.  Juliet  fa  (Guacomayo,  Mus. 
Smiths.)  is  the  Pacific  "analogue"  of  O.fusiformis. 

41.  Oliva  volutella  =  Olivella  v.    It  is  surprising  that  this  species, 
so  immensely  common  at  Panama  and  up  the  coast,  should  not  reach 
the  Gulf,  and  that  the  equally  common  O.  tergina  of  Mazatlan  and 
O.  gracilis  of  Cape  St.  Lucas  and  Acapulco  should  be  rare  elsewhere, 
while  the  larger  Olives  are  found  from  Guaymas  to  the  equator. 
O.'dama  (=lineolata,  Gray,  C.  B.  Ad.),  abundant  at  Mazatlan,  was 
bought,  not  collected,  by  the  Professor  at  Panama. 

42    Planaxis  planicostata.     Stet.     Also  immensely  common  at 
Panama,  though  absent  from  Mazatlan. 

43.  Nassa  canescens,  C.  B.  Ad.     Having  compared  this  unique 
specimen  with  P.  50,  q.  v.,  I  can  speak  to  their  complete  identity. 
The  "pale  grey"  of  the  "interspaces"  is  due  to  the  shell  being 
dead. 

44,  45.  Stent. 

46.  Nassa  gemmulosa=M..  631,  exactly. 

47.  Stet. 

48.  Nassa  luteostoma  —  M.  623. 

49.  Nassa  nodifera.     Also  found  at  Guaymas. 

50.  Nassa  pagodus,  C.  B.  Ad.    (-{-N.  canescens,  P.  43)  =*«  A;. 
(?  pagodus,  var.)  acuta,  M.  625.     It  is  certainly  the  N.  decussata 
of  Kien.,  but  probably  not  of  Lam.    Whether  it  is  the  Triton  pago- 
dus cf  Rve.  I  am  still  unable  to  say,  the  type  being  apparently  lost. 
We  are  bound  to  suppose  that  Mr.  Reeve  could  not  mistake  so  de- 

178 


DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA.       •  ) 

ci  Jed  a  Nassa  for  a  Triton  ;  so  that  if  Lamarck's  is  a  similar  Eastern 
species,  the  West  American  may  stand  as  N.  acuta. 

o-l.  Nassa  panamensis,  C.  B.  Ad.  The  Professor  rightly  marked 
his  duplicates  "  exilis,  Pws."  This  abundant  shell,  having  a  Pisa- 
rioid,  not  a  Nassoid  operculum,  probably  belongs  to  Phos,  Northiay 
or  some  genus  not  yet  eliminated.  N.  obsoleta,  Say,  has  a  similar 
operculum,  and  appears  nearly  related. 

52.  Nassa  proximo,.     The  unique  specimen  appears  to  be  an  ex- 
treme form  of  N.  versicolor,  P.  55. 

53.  Nassa  1  scabriuscula,  C.  B.  Ad.  (non  Pws.)  =  2NT.  complanata, 
Pws. :  v.  P.  56. 

54.  Nassa  striata,  C.  B.  Ad.   The  two  type  specimens,  one  young, 
the  other  adult,  both  belong  to  a  variety  of  versicolor.    The  phrase, 
"  last  whorl  spirally  canaliculate  on  the  left  side,"  simply  expresses 
the  ordinary  character  of  Nassa.     The  specimens  in  Mas.  Cuming., 
however,  from  another  source,  differ  somewhat  in  the  nucleus  from 
the  small  form  of  N.  versicolor.     These  =  N.  paupera,  Gld.,  teste 
Cuming,  and  should  take  that  name. 

55.  Nassa  versicolor,  C.  B.  Ad.,  M.  632.     The  revolving  striae 
vary  so  greatly  in  this  species,  as  well  as  the  size,  obesity,  and  colour, 
that  it  is  hard  to  assign  its  limits.    The  specimens  marked  versicolor 
by  the  Professor  vary  much  more  among  themselves  than  the  ex- 
treme ones  do  from  his  proximo  and  striata.     The  apex  and  early 
whorls  of  each  are  exactly  the  same  under  the  microscope.    It  is  pos- 
sible that  the  unique  crebristriata,  M.  633,  is  also  an  extreme  variety. 

56.  Nassa  wilsoni  appears  to  be  only  a  dwarf  form  of  P.  53, 
N.  complanata. 

57.  Buccinum  crassum=Phos  c. 

58.  Buccinum  distortum=Clavella  d. 

59.  Buccinum  insigne  =  Pisania  i.y  M.  659. 

60.  Buccinum  luaubre,  C.  B.  Ad.    The  Professor  marked  this  shell 
on  his  card  "  Murex  ?  ?  "  ;  then  "  Fususl";  then  "  Fusus  nodu- 
losus,  Ad.,  n.  s.";  then  "  Buccinum  (?)  lugubre,  Ad.,  n.  s.";  so  that 
the  old  genera  were  sometimes  as  badly  defined  as  the  new  ones.    It 
may  rank* with  Pisania. 

6 1 .  Buccinum  pagodus = Pisania  p. 

62.  Buccinum  pristis= Nor thia  serrata. 

63.  Buccinum  riny ens  =  Pisania  r.t  M.  663. 

64.  Buccinum  sang uinolentum  =  Pisania  s.,  M.  662. 

65.  Buccinum  stimpsonianum=  Nassa  st. 

66.  Dolium  rinaens=Malea  r. 

67.  Monoceros  br evident atum.     This  species,  very  common  at 
Panama,  has  been  transported  over  (not  through)  the  Pacific,  to  Sau 
Francisco  and  Monterey     v.  P  page  75. 

179 


G  DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA. 

68.  Monoceros  cingulatum  =  Leucozonia  c.,  M.  583. 

69.  Purpura  carolensis=P.  triangularis,  M.  608. 

70.  Purpura foveolata  =  Cuma  costata,  M.  610,  probably;  but  the 
markings  have  been  too  much  obliterated  to  decide  with  confidence. 

71.  Purpura  kiosquiformis^Cuma  k.,    M.  609.     There  are  in 
the  collection  three  shells,  labelled  by  the  Professor  "P.  pvrpnroirfes 
(Fusus),  Orb.,  Panama"  =  Pisania  cT orbignyi,  Kve.     fto  authority 
is  given,  and  they  probably  came  from  Peru. 

72.  Pvrpvra,  sp.  ind.     This  shell  is  not  to  be  found.     It  has 
probably  been  put  with  the  last,  of  which  it  is  no  doubt  a  variety  : 
v.  M.  p.  482. 

73.  Purpura  melo.    Stet. 

74.  Purpura  osculans  appears  to  be  the  young  of  Rhizocheilus 
nuxy  M.  611  ;  of  which  R.  distans,  Cpr.,  and  probably  R.  califor- 
nicus,  A.  Ad.,  are  only  varieties. 

75.  Purpura  tecta  —  Cuma  t. 

76.  Purpura  undata  =  P.  biserialis,  M.  606. 

77.  Columbella  atramentaria= Anachis  a. 

78.  Columbella  bicanalifera=StrGmbina  b. 

79.  Columbella  boivinii.     This  species  must  rank  with  {Anachis 
or)  Engina*,  the  operculum  being  Pisanoid. 

80.  Columbella  conspicua  =  Anachis  c. 

81.  Columbella  costellata,  C.  B.  Ad.  = Anachis  scalarina,  Sby., 
M.  645  ;  not  A.  costellata,  Sby.,  M.  646. 

82.  Columbella  diminut a = Anachis  d. 

83.  Columbella  dorsata  =  Strombina  d. 

84.  Columbella fluctuata-=  Anachis fl. 

85.  Columbella  fulva= Anachis /.,  M.  648. 

86.  Columbella  fuscata,  M.  617.     The  small  var.  is  C.  f estiva, 
Kien. 

87.  Columbella  oibberula  =  Strombina  g. 

8 8 .  Columbella  gracilis = Anachis  g. 

89.  Columbella  guttata=Nitidella  cribraria,  M.  613. 

90.  91,  92.  Stent. 

93.  Columbella  fyrata  =  Anachis  I 

94.  Columbella  major,  M.  615. 

95.  Columbella  wodesta  —  Truncaria  m.     It  might  be  convenient 
to  leave  this  genus  as  arranged  by  Messrs.  H.  and  A.  Ad.     Mr. 
Henry  Adams  desires  to  restrict  it  to  the  type  species,  in  which 

*  Of  the  shells  called  by  Trend)  authors  Stmi-fticinvla,  these  vith  a  Purpiroid 
oy>erculum  may  he  retained  as  Sistmrn,  while  these  with  Pisanoid  cjeituluiu 
should  be  renioved  as  Enyina^  with  Anachis,  to  the  Muricidae. 

180 


DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA. 

case  this  and  similar  species  must  be  moved  to  Nitidella,  if  the  oper- 
culum  be  (as  is  presumed)  Purpuroid ;  or  to  Amycla,  if  Nassoid. 

96.   ColumbeUa  mcesta— Anachis  m. 

97     ColumbeUa  nigricans= Anachis  n. 

98.  Co/umbella  parva.     This  appears  to  be  only  a  dead  specimen 
of  G.  pygmaa,  P.  100. 

99.  ColumbeUa  pulchrior  is  probably  a  Nitidella. 

100.  ColumbeUa  pygmtza= Anachis  p.,  IvL  651. 

101.  ColumbeUa  ruf/osff  =  Anachis  r.     This  appears  to  be  the 
commonest  and  most  variable  species  of  the  genus.     The  typical 
specimens  are  somewhat  stumpy,  with  stout  knobs.    Then  the  knobs 
pass  into  long,  compressed  ridges,  and  finally  change  into  narrow 
bars.     These  are  wide  apart,  or  close,  or  nearly  evanescent  on  the 
back.     The  shape  passes  from  the  stumpy  to  an  acuminate  form 
like  costellata.     Some  adults  are  more  than  twice  the  size  of  others; 
but  the  same  variations  are  found  in  both  extremes.     The  colours 
are  generally  laid  on  in  patches  on  the  knobby  specimens ;  in  fine 
flames,  on  the  smoother  ones.     In  all  varieties,  it  is  known  from 
Jiuctuata  by  the  spiral  strise  over  the  whole  surface ;  and  from  varia 

by  the  shoulder,  more  or  less  developed  into  a  keel,  on  the  whorls  of 
the  spire. 

102.  ColumbeUa  strombiformis,  M.  616. 

103.  ColumbeUa  tessellata,  C.  B.  Ad.  (non  Gask.)=  Anachis gua- 
temalensis,  Rve. 

104.  ColumbeUa  turrita  —  Strombina  t. 

105.  ColumbeUa  varia  =  Anachis  v. 

106.  ColumbeUa  sp.   ind.  is   the  young  of  a  species  in  Mus. 
Cuming.,  resembling  harpaformis. 

107    Ricinula  carbonaria=Engina  c. 

108.  Ricinula  jug osa  may  be  an  Engina,  but  has  more  the  aspect 
of  the  Pacific  group  Peristernia. 

109.  Ricinula  r  eeviana= Engina  pulchr  a,  Rve. 

110.  Cassis  abbreviata=Bezoardica  a.     On  comparing  a  large 
series  of  specimens  from  Cape  St.  Lucas  with  a  similar  series  of  C. 
inflata  from  Texas,  I  was  unable  to  discover  any  specific  differences. 
It  varies  greatly,  from  each  ocean,  in  painting,  sculpture,  height  of 
spire,  &c. 

111.  Cassis  coarctata—Levenia  c 

112,113,  114(  =  M.4SO),  115,  1 16  (  =  M.  481),  117,  118*  (  =  M. 
476),  119*  (  =  M.  477),  120  (  =  M.  475),  121,  122  (  =  M.  381, 
galeatus),  123  (  =  M.  449),  124  (=M.  448),  125.  Stem. 

*  Having  now  examined  a  large  number  of  specimens  of  these  two  forms,  I 
have  no  hesitation  whatever  in  regarding  Conm  regain  atis  as  simply  a  variety  of 
C.  purpurascens.  Similar  differences  may  be  obsened  in  comparing  large  series 
of  almost  all  Cones. 

lol 


8       DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA. 

126.  Triton  chemnitzii=AryGbuccinam  nodosum,  M.  580.    These 
shells  are  small  and  turreted.     Those  Prof.  Adams  marked  "  T.  cin- 
yulatum,  Lam.,  E.  Indies,"  are  much  more  like  the  Mazatlan  shells. 

127.  Triton   const  rictus=Distortio  c.     The    specimens   of  this 
group  from  the   Pacific  Coast,  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  from 
the  China  Seas  are  very  difficult  to  discriminate. 

128.  Triton  fusoides.     This  unique  and  very  elegant  shell  can 
scarcely  be  called  a  Triton,  even  of  the  Epidromus  type.      It  may 
perhaps  rank  with  Euthria,  but  is  peculiar  in  possessing  a  distinct 
anterior  sinus,  near  the  canal,  like  Rostellaria. 

129.  130,  131,  132*,  133,  134*,  135.  Stent. 

136.  Murex  dubius=Muricidea  dubia,  M.  673. 

137.  Murex  erosus=Muricidea  e. 

138.  Murex  radix  = Phyllonotus  r.     The  Professor's  specimens 
of  this  species  are  remarkably  fine,  more  nearly  resembling  the  Gulf 
niyritus  than  the  heavy  stumpy  shells  usually  seen.     His  yomi£ 
specimens  are  heavier,  but  more  turreted,  than  the  young  niyritus. 
The  opercula  appear  to  have  fewer  frills ;  but  such  differences  may 
be  due  only  to  station.     The  specimens  he  marked  ambiyuus  (with- 
out locality)  belong  to  the  typical  niyritus.     Phyllonotus  radix  and 
niyritus  graduate  into  each  other  almost  as  freely  as  the  latter  does 
into  ambiyuus:  v.  M.  666. 

13£.  Murex  rectirostris.  This  and  kindred  species  run  into  each 
other  too  closely,  when  adult,  to  speak  with  any  confidence  on  so 
young  a  specimen  in  bad  condition. 

140.  Murex  recurvirostris.     This  specimen  is  also  far  too  imper- 
fect to  affiliate:  v.  M.  665. 

141.  Murex  reaius= Phyllonotus  r.,  M.  670. 

142.  Murex  salebrosus—  Vitularia  s.,  M.  612.  The  curious  group 
of  Muricoid  Purpurids  culminates  on  the  West  American  shores.     It 
is  represented  in  the  north  temperate  regions  by  Cerastoma,  on  the 
warmer  shores  by  Chorus,  and  in  the  tropical  regions  by  Vitularia. 
The  Lower  Californian  Murex  belcheri,  Hds.,  belongs  to  the  group. 
Dr.  Alcock  (who  has  succeeded  the  late  Capt.  Brown  as  Curator  of 
the  Manchester  Natural  History  Museum)  has  pointed  out  very  well- 
marked  physiological  distinctions  between  the  two  families,  which 
are  coordinate  with  the  differences  in  the  opercula. 

*  Dr.  Gray  (Guide  to  Mollusca,  pp.  39,  42)  leaves  the  round-variced  Ranellids, 
as  Apollon,  in  the  Tritonida,  "  operc.  annular,  nucleus  subapical,  within  the 
apex ;"  but  removes  the  sharp-variced  species,  as  Ranella,  to  the  Cassididee,  and 
figures  the  operculum  like  Bezoardica,  "  half-ovate,  nucleus  central,  lateral,  in- 
ternal." The  operculum  of  R.  calata,  No.  132,  is  almost  identical  with  Murex, 
and  the  shell  accords  with  Apollon\  but  R.  nititla,  No.  134,  which  has  very  sharp 
varices,  has  its  operculum  widely  removed  from  Bezoardica.  It  is  closely  related 
to  that  of  Cerastoma^  Rhizocheilus,  and  some  of  the  Ocinebree;  nucleus  near  the 
anterior  end  of  the  labrum  ;  lahral  portions  of  the  annular  layers  eroded  ;  scar  as 
in  1'uqjunds,  vwth  about  thiee  roughly  angular  ridges  of  growth. 

182 


DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA. 

143.  Murex  vibex.     This  Peruvian  species  also  probably  belongs 
to  the  Purpurid  group. 

144.  Murex  vittatus—Muricidea  v. 

145.  (==M.  638),  146  (  =  M.  579).     Stent. 

147.  Fusus  bellus,  C.  B.  Ad.    This  is  a  pretty  little  shell,  resem- 
bling a  young  Metula,  and  is  probably  orie  of  the  species  assigned 
with  doubt  to  that  genus,  M.  619-622,  or  to  Fusus,  M.  642.     I  should 
erase  the  words,  "  some  of  which  are  varicoid"  (referring  to  the  ra- 
diating ribs),  as  my  glass  did  not  enable  me  to  detect  a  single  one. 

148.  Fasciolaria  granosa.     A  minute  specimen  is  of  the  size  and 
general  appearance  of  the  fry  of  Chrysoilomus  antiquus,  with  one  and 
a  half  irregular  nuclear  whorls.     An  adult  has  its  operculum  broken 
and  mended  from  a  subcentral  nucleus — a  mode  of  proceeding  which 
I  have  now  observed  in  such  a  multitude  of  species  belonging  to  dif- 
ferent families  of  Proboscidifers  and  Toxifers  that  I  venture  to  assign 
it  as  the  original  type  of  their  opercula,  from  which  the  special 
family  forms  are  modifications  of  high  development.     Of  the  spiral 
Rostrifers  there  is  not  yet  sufficient  evidence  to  speak*. 

149.  Turbinella  ccestus,  M.  581. 

150.  Turbinella  castanea  —  Latirus  c. 

151.  Turbinella  cerata=Latirus  c.,  M.  5S2. 

152.  Turbinella  rudis=Latirus  r. 

153.  Turbinella  spadicea  =  Latirus  s. 

154.  Cancellaria  affinis.     Very  closely  allied   to    C.   urceolatat 
M.445.  , 

15,5,  156,  157  (=M.  446),  158,  159.  Stent. 

160.  Cancellaria  pygmcea  is  simply  a  young  specimen  of  C,  <r<r- 
niostoma,  no.  157. 

161,  162.  Stent. 

163.  Pleurotoma  aterrima= Drillia  a. 

164.  Pleurotoma  atrior.     This  is  a  fine  specimen,  not  quite  ma- 
ture in  the  lip,  of  Drillia  aterrima,  var.  melchersi,  M.  461. 

165.  Pleurotoma  bicanalifera  =  Clathurella  b. 

166.  Pleurotoma  collaris= Drillia  c. 

167.  Pleurotoma  concinna— Cithara  c. 

168.  Pleurotoma  corrugata  =  Drillia  c. 

169.  Pleurotoma  discors— Drillia  d.    Probably  a  finely  developed 
variety  of  aterrima. 

*  When  at  Charleston,  S.  C.,  I  had  an  opportunity  of  examining  many  very  fine 
specimens  of  the  giant  Fasciolaria,  so  seldom  seen  in  this  country,  of  which  a 
broken  specimen  in  my  collection  measures  20  in.  In  sculpture,  colour,  and 
general  appearance  some  were  so  very  like  F.  princeps,  M.  584,  that  I  was  tempted 
to  consider  the  latter  a  degraded  local  variety,  till  i  lound  the  operculum,  which 
is  destitute  of  the  singular  grooving  of  the  Gulf  species. 

183 


10      DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA. 

170.  Pleurotoma  duplicata= Drillia  d. 

171.  Pleurotoma  excentnca  — Drillia  e.     I  cannot  endorse  this 
and  some  other  determinations  of  critical  species  of  Pleurotomids, 
not  being  able  to  remove  the  specimens  for  comparison  with  types. 
Even  the  types  in  Mus.  Cuming.  do  not  always  present  satisfactory 
diagnostic  characters. 

1 72.  Pleurotoma  exigua=Mangelia  e.    I  could  not  discover  "the 
rest  in  pairs." 

1 73.  Pleurotoma  gemmulosa=Mangelia  g. 

174.  Pleurotoma  grandimaculata  — Drillia  g. 

175.  Pleurotoma  incrassata= Drillia  i.,  M.  459.     The  collection 
contains  D.  luctuosa,  M.  467,  as  from  Panama,  but  not  of  the  Pro- 
fessor's collecting. 

176.  Pleurotoma  nigerrima  =  Drillia  n. 

177.  Pleurotoma  obeliscus= Drillia  o.     Very  worn  and  doubtful. 

178.  Pleurotoma   olivacea.      Closely   resembles   P.  funiculata, 
M.  457. 

179.  Pleurotoma  pallida = Drillia  p> 

180.  Pleurotoma  rigida  =  Clathurella  r. 

181.  Pleurotoma  rudis.     It  is  probable  that  this  is  not  the  true 
Drillia  rudis,  being  distinguished   by  white  spots  on  the  knobs  : 
v.  M.  460. 

182.  Pleurotoma  rustica  =  Drillia   aterrima,  var.  melchersi,  M. 
461.     These  specimens  being  very  wcrn,  their  specific  identity  with 
P.  164  was  not  recognized   by   the   Professor.     One  shell,^marked 
"rustica,  var.,"  may  be  the  true  rustica — a  species  by  no  means 
satisfactorily  distinguished. 

183.  Pleurotoma  striosa= Drillia  s. 

184.  Pleurotoma  zonulata  =  Drillia  z.,  M.  463. 

185.  Pleurotoma,  sp.  a.    A  small,  dark,  purple-brown  Mangelia, 
of  the  leufroyi  type. 

186.  Pleurotoma,  sp.  b.      A  slender,  pure-white,  ribbed  shell; 
probably  a  Cithara. 

187.  Manoelia,  sp.  c.     A  young  Daphnella. 

188.  Mangelia,  sp.  d.     A  very  worn,  black  shell;  with  white, 
knobby  ribs. 

189.  Mangelia,  sp.  e.     A  very  small,  white  shell;  resembling  a 
young  Bela  turricula. 

190.  Mangelia,  sp./.     A  very  small,  white  Drillia,  with  distinct 
posterior  notch ;  spirally  striated,  with  rather  sharp  ribs. 

191.  Manaelia  neolecta.     Of  the  "elevated  spiral  line  on  the 
middle  of  the  whorls  "  I  could  discover  no  trace,  except  of  colour. 
It  is  therefore  probable  that  it=M.  acuticostata,  M.  4/3. 

184 


DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA,  11 

192.  Mangelia  sulcosa  is  the  true  Columbella  s   of  Sby. 

193.  Cerithium  adustum  =  C.  maculosum,  M.  381. 

194.  Cerithium  assimilatum=Cerithiopsis  a.,  M.  563.  •, 

195.  Cerithium  bimarginatum  =  Cerithiopsis  b.     A  good  species; 
but  I  could  not  detect  the  "intermediate  raised  line."     The  apical 
whorls  are  almost  smooth.     The  "prominent  spiral  fold"  on  the 
colurnella  is  simply  that  which  bounds  the  recurved  canal. 

196.  Cerithium  famelicum.     Confusion  has  arisen  from  the  Pro- 
fessor having  sent  to  Mr.  Cuming  as  his  type  a  shell  which  does  not 
answer  to  the  diagnosis,  and  which  is  described  as  (?  var.)  mediolceve, 
M.  382.     Ten  specimens  are  retained  in  the  Amherst  Museum,  of 
which  eight  are  of  the  uncinatum  type,  =M.  383,  and  two  of  the 
Cumingian.     C.  uncinatum,  being  an  old  species,  is  probably  from 
the  Atlantic  or  E.  Indies  :  if  this  should  prove  identical,  the  name 
famelicum  must  be  dropped ;  if  distinct,  retained  for  the  west  coast 
uncinoids,  according  to  the  diagnosis.     After  an  examination  of  a 
large  series  of  specimens  collected  by  Mr.  Xantus  at  Cape  St.  Lucas, 
I  am  confirmed  in  the  belief  that  the  Cumingian  shell  is  a  distinct 
species,  which  must  stand  as  C.  mediolceve. 

197.  Cerithium  ffemmatum  =  Rhinoclavis  gemmatus,  M.  389.     So 
much  .confusion  has  arisen  from  raising  specific  names  to  the  generic 
peerage,  that  whenever  a  good  distinct  name  has  been  given,  it  ap- 
pears best  to  retain  it — the  unbending  rule  of  mere  priority  for  work 
which  is  sometimes  slovenly,  and  therefore  best  forgotten,  notwith- 
standing. 

198.  Cerithium  ?  interruptum,  C.  B.  Ad.  (non  Mke.  =  M.  388). 
Great  confusion  has  arisen  from  this  erroneous  determination,  as 
may  be  seen  by  comparing  the  Maz.  Cat.  in  loco  with  the  mono- 
graph of  Sowerby,  jun.,  who  has  redescribed  the  southern,  highly 
sculptured  forms  of  the  true  interruptum  as  C.  galapayinis. 

198  and  199  are  regarded  by  Messrs.  Cuming  and  Sowerby  as 
varieties  of 

200.  Cerithium  irroratum,  C.  B.  Ad.  (Gld.  ipse  et  MSS.,  non 
Gld.  in  Expl.  Exp.)  =  <7.  stercusmuscarum,  M.  387.     The  aspect  of 
the  Panama  shells  is  so  different  from  that  of  the  Mazatlan  speci- 
mens that  I  did  not  wonder  at  Dr.  Gould's  opinion  that  they  were 
distinct.     He  was,  however,  misled  in  affiliating  the  former  to  his 
C.  irroratum,  of  which  I  fortunately  discovered  the  figured  type  in 
the  Smithsonian  Institution,  and  which  proves  to  be  (according  to 
Mr.  Cuming)  the  C.  obesum  of  Sby.  sen.,  from  the  Philippines.     It 
is  fortunate  therefore  that  the  name  may  be  entirely  dropped.    Some 
of  the  specimens  of  no.  198  graduate  sufficiently  closely  to  the  Ma- 
zatlan form;  those  of  no.  199  are  intermediate;   while   those  of 
no.  200  present  a  stronger  but  smaller  shell,  well  armed  with  small 
nodules,  which  are  not  to  be  seen  in  the  fine  Gulf  specimens. 

201.  Cerithium  neglectum  =  Cerithiopsis  n. 

202.  Cerithium  pacijicum.    Stet. 

1S5 


n      DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA. 

203.  Cerithium  pauperculum  is  a  good,  new  species  of  Chrysallida. 
The  Professor  probably  did  not  recognize  the  Chemnitzoid  apex  and 
the  Odostomoid  plait.     The  following  alterations  may  be  made  in 
the  diagnosis: — Shell  pale  orange  [not  horn],  with  six  [not  five] 
keels  on  the  spire  ;  spiral  ridges  anteriorly  fainter  [not  obsolete]  ; 
apex  sinistral  [not  acute],  of  three  Paludinoid  whorls,  the  last  large 
in  proportion;   columella  effuse   [not  canaliculated],   with  a  long, 
slender,  slanting  plait. 

204.  Cerithium  pulchrum=Cerithidea  p.     A  distinct  and  truly 
beautiful  species,  seldom  obtained  by  collectors. 

205.  Cerithium  reevianum=Cerithidea  montaynei,  M.  394. 

206.  Cerithium  validum  —  Cerithidea  varicosa,  M.  395.       The 
Southern  shells,  in  all  their  changes,  present  such  a  different  aspect 
from  the  Gulf  specimens,  that  I  am  inclined  to  regard  the  form  Ma- 
zatlanica  as  distinct,  of  which  C.  albonodosa  may  prove  a  variety. 

207.  Triphoris  alternate,  M.  391. 

208.  Triphoris  inconspicuus  is  scarcely  even  a  variety  of  the  last ; 
and  does  not  differ  so  much  as  the  specimens  described  under  the 
same  name,  M.  392. 

209.  Triphoris  infrequens  is  not  the  shell  described,  under  the 
same  name,  M.  393,  but  is  the  Cerithiopsis  tuberculoides,  M.  557. 
It  would  have  been  strange  if  I  had  recognized  the  shell  from  the 
diagnosis  ;  for  both  of  the  specimens  are  dextral.    The  apex  is  nearly 
smooth.     I  forbear  to  redescribe  nos.  392,  393  of  the  Maz.  Cat., 
as  they  were  separated  principally  in  deference  to  Prof.  Adams's 
authority,  until  more  numerous  specimens  should  have  been  examined. 

210.  Turritella  banksii=T.  goniostoma,  jun.,  M.  379. 

211.  CfBcum  dimi7iutum  =  Caecum  firmatum,  jun.,  with  numerous 
close  rings.     All  the  Professor's  specimens  of  this  genus  were  dead  ; 
most  of  them  pierced  by  Proboscidifers.     They  fully  confirmed  the 
judgments  I  ventured  to  form  of  them  in  the  Maz.  Cat.  and  in  the 
"  Monograph  of  the  Csecidse,"  P.  Z.  S.  1858,  p.  413  et  seq. 

212.  Caecum   eburneum  —  C.  firmatum.     The   rings   vary   from 
twenty-six  to  thirty-three. 

213.  Caecum  firmatum,  M.  368.     Add  to  the  diagnosis  in  Maz. 
Cat.  p.  320,  last  line,  '*  operculo  mx  concavo,  suturis  minus  definitis." 

214.  Caecum  lave.     The  two  specimens  are  too  worn  for  identifi- 
cation, but  will  pass  sufficiently  for  the  species  described  under  the 
same  name,  M.  372. 

215.  Caecum  laqueatum.     A  good  species  of  the  Elephantulum 
group:  v.  Maz.  Cat.  p.  315,  and  P.  Z.  S.  loc.  cit.  p.  420. 

216.  Caecum  monstrosum  =  C.  firmatum  in  the  adolescent  stage. 

217.  Caecum  parvum  turns  out,  as  was  expected,  to  be  =  C.  unda- 
turn,  M.  371.     The  unique  specimen  is  stunted  and  dead. 

218.  Caecum  pygmceum  is  a  small  but  nearly  adult  C.  firmatum. 

186 


DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA.      13 

219.  Chemnitzia  aculeus,  M.  521. 

220.  Chemnitzia  acuminata  is  a  true  Chemnitzia,  and  not  a  Chry- 
sallida, as  supposed  in  the  Br.  Assoc.  Report,  p.  334.     The  name 
misleads,  as  it  is  a  peculiarly  broad  species.     The  vertex  consists  of 
three  Paludirioid  whorls,  of  which  the  apex  is  visible,  projecting  a 
little  beyond  the  spire.     The  ribs,  instead  of  "  terminating  abruptly 
on  the  periphery  of  the  last  whorl/'  become  gradually  evanescent 

the  base*. 


221.  Chemnitzia  affinis.     Comp.  M.  523,  which  was  identified 
from  Mr.  Cuming's  specimen.     The  diagnosis  needs  the  following 
corrections  from  the  type.    The  "ribs  terminate  "  not  very  "  abruptly 
at  the  periphery."     Anteriorly  very  finely  striated  [not  "  smooth  "]. 
"  Last  whorl  "  not  "  angular  at  the  periphery."     Base  prolonged. 
It  is  probably  the  adult  form  of  my  Chemnitzia  undata,  M.  531,  the 
characteristic  fine,  waved,  spiral  striae  having  escaped  the  Professor's 
notice.     The  only  difference  is  that  the  ribs  evanesce  more  suddenly 
in  the  Panama  than  in  the  Mazatlan  shell,  which  may  be  due  simply 
to  age. 

222.  Chemnitzia  clathratula,  part.  =  Chrysallida  clathratula,  M. 
513,  which  was  identified  from  the  Cumingian  specimen.     The  spe- 
cimens preserved  as  types  contain,  along  with  this  species,  one  of 
Chrysallida  communis,  one  (almost  certainly)  of  Chrysallida  effusa, 
M.  510,  and  one  of  Dunkeria  sulanguJata,  M.  537.     Some  parts  of 
the  description  appear  taken  from  the  latter  species  :  e.  g.  the  "  five 
or  six  "  spiral  lines,  of  which  there  are  only  four  in  the  Chrysallida  \ 
and  the  angle  on  the  "  upper  part  "  of  the  whorls,  which  in  the 
latter  are  well  rounded. 

223.  Chemnitzia  communis,  M.  507.      This  is  the  type  of  the 
genus  Chrysallida:  v.  M.  pp.  416,  420.      Prof.  Adams's  tray  con- 
tains also  one  specimen  of  Chrysallida  e/'usa,  M.  510  ;  one  of  Chrys. 
telescopium,  M.  508;  one  of  Dunkeria  subangulata,  M.  537;  and 
one  which  may  be  a  variety  of  the  latter,  or  a  distinct  species. 

224.  Chemnitzia  gracilior.     The  "  well-impressed  spiral  line  "  is 
only  seen  in  some  of  the  whorls. 

225     Chemnitzia  major  belongs  to  the  section  Dunkeria.  I  counted 
eighteen  (not  twenty-four)  ribs. 

226.  Chemnitzia  marginata  is  a  good  species  of  Chrysallida  ;  but 
I  could  not  find  the  "  spiral,  compressed  ridge." 

227  Chemnitzia  panamensis,  M.  518.  I  counted  twenty-four 
(not  twenty-seven)  ribs.  The  tray  also  contains  one  specimen  of 

*  As  several  errors  are  here  pointed  out  in  the  diagnoses  of  small  shells,  it  is 
right  to  state  that  Prof.  Adams  had  not  the  advantage  of  a  microscope  during  a 
considerable  portion  of  the  work  ;  nor  was  the  instrument  a  good  one  when  ob- 
tained. Moreover  the  incessant  demands  on  his  attention  as  Professor  of  Astro- 
nomy  and  Mathematics,  as  well  as  of  Natural  History,  and  his  duties  as  State 
Geologist  of  Vermont,  did  not  leave  him  much  time  for  original  research.  What 
he  accomplished  during  his  short  life  is  marvellous.  Had  that  life  been  spared  to 
revise  his  works,  the  necessity  for  this  friendly  criticism  would  not  have  arisen. 

187 


14      DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA. 

Ch.  C-B-ddamsii,  M.  519,  with  straight  ribs;  and  one  with  spiral 
sculpture,  which  may  belong  to  C/t.  gracilliina,  M.  530,  but  wants 
the  produced  apex. 

228.  Chemnitzia  sim'dix.      This  speries   most    nearly  resembles 
anuleus,  but  is  broader,  larger,  and  with  more  ribs,  of  which  I  counted 
from  twenty  to  twenty-two  (not  twenty-six).     I  should  not  c«<il  the 
whorls  "  convex."     They  are,  however,  more  rounded,  and  the  base 
is  more  produced,  than  in  the  shell  called  "  IsimilisS*  M.  520,  which 
is  perhaps  a  variety  of  panamensis. 

229.  Chemnitzia  striosa.     The  early  whorls,  are    very  slender. 
The  spiral  striae  are  on  the  tops  of  the  ribs,  of  which  I  counted  from 
tvventy-four  to  thirty- two  (instead  of  "about  forty"). 

230.  Chemnitzia  turrita.     This   species  includes  the   "  Rissoa, 
sp.  ind."  no.  251. 

23 1 .  ?  Littorina  angiostoma  is  a  Fossarus. 

232.  Littorina  aspera,  M.  397.    The  Mazatlan  periwinkles,  being 
in    good   condition,    divide    themselves    very   naturally  into    three 
species.     The  Panama  specimens,  being  generally  eroded,  are  not  so 
easily  dealt  with.     Of  Prof.  Adams's  specimens  here  retained,  the 
majority  belong  to  aspera,  although  several  of  the  smaller  ones  are 
pJiilippii,  M.  39 3.     The  young  appear  to  be  of  both  species  mixed. 
The  "  variety  "  consists  of  the  abnormal  tall  specimens  of  conspersa, 
M.  396,  with  a  few  very  large  philippii  intermixed. 

233.  Littorina  atrata.     This  abundant  little  shell  is  a  Fossarus, 
of  which  the  Professor's  lAdeorbis  abjecta,  no.  257,  is  a  more  ad- 
vanced form.     It  is  possible  that  one  of  the  Fossari  described  in 
Maz.  Cat.,  nos.  404,  405,  may  be  conspecific  ;  but  among  the  mul- 
titude of  specimens  I  could  not  find  one  with  the  nuclear  whorls 
sufficiently  perfect  to  decide.     The  shells  vary  extremely  in  shape 
nnd  sculpture. 

234.  Littorina  conspersa,  M.  396.     Smaller  and  generally  more 
stumpy  than  the  Mazatlan  shells,  but  containing  a  few  specimens  of 
the  same  extreme  forms. 

235.  ?  Littorina  excavata  — Fossarus  e. 

236.  Littorina  fasciata,  M.  400.     The  specimens  of  this  species 
and  of  L.  varia  graduate  rather  closely  towards  each  other. 

237-  ?  Littorina  foveata.     A  good  species  of  Fossarus.     Read, 
*'  Last  whorl  angular"  at  the  umbilicus  [not  "  below  the  middle"]. 

238.  1  Littorina  megasoma.     This  is  also  a  good  species  of  Fos- 
sarus.    The  Professor  was  doubtful  whether  to  refer  these  forms  to 
Littorina  or  to  Narica. 

239.  Littorina  ?  parvula,  C.  B.  Ad.     This  is  not  Philippi's  L. 
parvula,  but  is  a  dwarf  form  of  the  L.  philippii,  M.  398.     The  Pro- 
fessor suggests  the  name  L.  dubiosa  for  this  sufficiently  well-marked 
species  ;  but  as  he  catalogued  and  distributed  his  specimens  under 
'{parvula,  and  kept  others  under  asperat  it  may  be  best  to  retain 

188 


UR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA.      15 

the  name  philippii  under  which  it  has  been  very  extensively  col- 
lated. 

240.  Littorina  pulchra.     A  very  rare  species,  belonging  (witfc 
fasciata  and  variety  to  the  Melaraphe  group. 

241.  Littorina  puncticulata.    This  is  the  normal  state  of  L.  co»- 
gpersa  :  v.  M.  396. 

242.  Littorina  varia  :  v.  note  on  P.  236. 

243.  Rissoa  clandestina.    Three  specimens  appear  of  this  specks 
of  Rissoina,  closely  resembling  R.  woodwardii,  M.  410,  but  with 
more  ribs,  and  not  displaying  the  intercostal  striulse. 

244.  Rissoa  firmata.     Another  species  of  Rissoina ,  resembling 
jR.  stricta,  M.  408,  but  smaller.     The  Professor  did  not  observe 
the  fine  spiral  sculpture,  as  described  in  no.  250  ;  q.  v. 

245.  Rissoa  fortis.     A  good  species  of  Rissoina,  differing  from 
R.  janus  in  the  absence  of  spiral  punctures. 

246i  ?  Rissoa  inconspicua,  C.  B.  Ad.,  non  Alder.  The  name 
being  preoccupied,  it  is  fortunate  that  the  unique  shell  proves  iden- 
tical with  Alvania  tumida,  M.  414.  I  found  twenty  (not  "twelve 
or  fourteen  ")  ridges,  which  are  not  "  obsolete,"  but  become  fainter 
anteriorly.  The  two  upper  whorls  are  very  finely  cancellated. 

247.  Rissoa  infrequens.     The  unique  specimen  of  this  Rissoina 
is  too  much  worn  for  description.    It  has  more  than  the  sixteen  ribs  ; 
and  the  diagnostic  marks  must  be  received  with  caution. 

248.  Rissoa  janus.     The  description  of  this  Rissoina  is  drawn 
from  a  very  small,  dead,  broken  specimen,  from  which  the  sculpture 
is  almost  entirely  worn  away.     The  "  var.  a  "  should  be  considered 
as  the  type,  being  in  perfect  condition,  and  the  diagnosis  be  altered 
as  follows  : — The  "fine  crowded  spiral  striae"  are  seen  all  over,  as 
are  also  the  "ribs,"  which  on  each  whorl  "appear  as  striae,"  and 
are  not  "  obsolete  near  the  periphery."     The  diagnostic  character  is 
that  the  spiral  striae  are  composed  of  rows  of  minute  dots. 

249.  Rissoa  notabilis.     After  drawing  this  unique  shell  carefully 
under  the  microscope,  and  making  copious  notes  on  the  diagnosis 
from  the  specimen,  an  untoward  cough  lodged  it  among  the  meshes 
of  the  Curator's  carpet,  whence  I  endeavoured  in  vain  to  extricate  it. 
This  unfortunate  accident  is,  however,  the  less  to  be  regretted,  as  I 
can  state  with  perfect  confidence  that  it  was  exactly  identical  with 
another  shell  in  the  collection,  P.  255,  q.  v.  ;    and  with  M.  498, 
Parthenia  quinquecincta.    The  "  concave  summits"  of  the  ribs  imply 
that  the  ribs  are  sharp,  with  concave  interstices  ;  and  the  "  upper 
keel "  is  simply  due  to  the  angulation  of  the  whorls.     Though  the 
lip  was  broken,  the  columellar  plait,  as  well  as  the  sinistral  apex, 
escaped  the  Professor's  notice. 

250.  Rissoa  scalariformis.     This  unique  specimen  is  simply  the 
youn<r  of  Rissoina  firmata,  P.  244:  and  probably  =  Rissoina  sp. 
ind.  M.  409. 


16      DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA. 

251.  Rissoa,  sp.  md.     This  is  a  broken  specimen  of  Chemnitzia 
turrita,  P.  230. 

252.  ?  Cingula  inconspicua.     This  unfortunate  name,  liable  to  be 
confounded  with  Rissoa  inconspicua,  Alder,  and  IRissoa  inconspicua, 
C.  B.  Ad.,  will  not  be  needed,  as  the  type  belongs  to  another  sub- 
order, and  =  Chrysallida  ovulum,  M.  512.     The  Professor  did  not 
observe  its  close  relationship  with  his  Chemnitzia  communis. 

253.  Cingula  paupercula,  C.  B.  Ad.     A  good  species. 

254.  ?  Cingula  terebellum  —  Parthenia  exarata,  M.  501.  Although 
I  took  every  pains,  in  preparing  the  Maz.  Cat.,  to  identify  Prof. 
Adams's  species,  I  was  not  prepared,  in  the  writings  of  so  careful  a 
naturalist  who  had  devoted  special  attention  to  the  minute  species, 
to  find  a  Pyramidellid  under  Trochidae,  especially  with  the  mark 
"  apex  subacute."    The  finding  of  a  more  perfect  Mazatlan  specimen 
enables  me  to  add  to  the  diagnosis: — "vertice  nucleoso  parvo,  satis 
extante,  decliviter  sito;  interstitiis  carinarum  transversim  rugulosis; 
labro  solidiore.     Long.  '087,  long.  spir.  '057,  lat.  '038." 

255.  ?  Cingula  turrita  (  +  P.  249,  Rissoa  notabilis)  —  Parthenia 
quinquecincta,  M.  498.  When  a  shell  is  described  under  two  genera 
in  the  same  sheet,  the  advocates  of  unbending  priority  will  find  it 
difficult  to  decide.     As  each  name   belongs  to  a  widely  removed 
family,  that  last  given  is  at  least  the  most  correct  and  distinctive. 

256.  ILitiopa  saxicola.     The  Professor  states  that  this  "shell 
has  the  appearance  of  a  Litiopa ;"  but  it  wants  both  the  peculiar 
nucleus  and  the  semitruncated  columella ;  also  that  the  "  labium 
has  a  distinct  deposit,"  of  which  I  could  not  see  any  trace  in  either 
of  the  specimens.     It  is  probably  a  Cingula. 

257.  1  Adeorbis  abjecta.     This  is  the  adult  form  of  the  shell,  of 
which  P.  233,  Littorina  atrata,  is  the  young.    The  striae  are  seen  on 
the  lower  as  well  as  the  "upper  part  of  the  whorls."     The  umbili- 
cus, though  "small"  for  an  Adeorbis,  is  rather  large  for  a  Fossarus, 
to  which  genus  the  species  undpubtedly  belongs. 

258.  Vitrinella  concinna.     I  could  not  find  the  "more  or  less 
distinct  ridge  between  the  first  two  keels." 

259.  Vitrinella  exigua=M.  305.     The  omissions  in  the   Pro- 
fessor's diagnoses  of  this  and  other  species,  being  supplied  in  the 
Maz.  Cat.,  need  not  be  repeated  here:  v.  M.  pp.  236-247. 

260.  Vitrinella  janus.     The  Professor  does  not  mention  the  fifth 
keel,  which  bounds  the  umbilicus,  and  within  which  are  the  "  minute 
spiral  striae."     The  "transverse  striae"  are  strong  between  keels 
2,  3,  and  4 ;  faint  between  4  and  5,  and  between  1  and  2  ;  and  eva- 
nescent near  the  suture. 

261 .  Vitrinella  minuta.    The  original  type  of  this  species  accords 
better  with  Ethalia  than  with  Teinostoma,  to  which  I  had  referred 
the  Cumingian  type. 

262.  Vitrinella  modesta.  The  "  modesty  "  of  this  unique  shell  is 

190 


DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA.      17 

coordinate  with  considerable  attrition,  and  an 'umbilicus  tilled  with 
dirt.  It  appeared  to  me  regularly  rounded,  without  any  keel.  The 
"  few  spiral  striae  "  are  probably  the  remains  of  what  once  covered 
the  whole  surface. 

263.  Vitrinella  panamensis=M.  295. 

264.  Vitrinella parva=M.  296. 

265.  Vitrinella  perparva=.M.  304.    The  coronation  of  the  upper 
keel  is  seen  (though  not  described)  in  the  type  specimen. 

266.  Vitrinella  regularis.    The  unique  shell  can  hardly  be  called 
"  subdiscoidal,"  since  the  "  spire  is  convex,  moderately  elevated." 
I  could  not  find  the  "impressed  spiral  line."    It  belongs  to  Ethalia. 

267.  Vitrinella  seminuda.     The  unique  type  of  this  species  also 
is  much  worn.     I  could  not  discover  the  "  minute  striae  of  growth." 
Beneath,  there  are  five  spiral  lirae,  and  a  few  spiral  striae  near  the 
mouth.    The  umbilical  region  and  the  base  have  fine  radiating  distant 
striae.     It  comes  nearest  to  V.  carinulata,  M.  309,  but  is  distinct. 

268.  Vitrinella  tricarinata.      This  unique  type  is   also    worn. 
The  spiral  keels  are  scarcely  "  prominent,"  that  on  the  periphery 
being  decidedly  faint.     The  "transverse  striae"   are  between  the 
suture  and  the  nearest  rib.     The  umbilical  striae  are  very  faint. 

269.  Vitrinella  valvatoides.     This  species  probably  belongs  to 
Ethalia.    Beside  the  keels,  there  are  three  obsolete  spiral  lirae — two 
on  the  base,  and  one  above  the  periphery.    The  umbilicus  is  bounded 
by  a  long,  thin  callosity,  which  gives  a  character  to  the  shell  inter- 
mediate between  the  two  genera. 

270.  Solarium,  sp.  ind.  a.      Of  the  form  represented   by   this 
species  and  the  next  I  have  been  able  to  examine  a  large  number  of 
specimens  collected  at  Cape  St.  Lucas  by  Mr.  Xantus,  and  in  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico.     I  know  of  no  mark  by  which  to  distinguish  the 
shells  from  the  two  oceans.     From  each  locality  they  vary  greatly 
in  the  size  of  the  umbilicus,  and  in  the  strength  of  sculpture,  number 
of  knobs,  &c.     I  should  consider  them  all  as  varieties  of  S.  granu- 
latum,  Lam.     S.  quadriceps,  lids.,  appears  distinct,  though  it  may 
only  be  an  extreme  variety. 

271.  Solarium,  sp.  ind.  b.      This  contains  the  specimens  with 
coarser  sculpture  than  the  last. 

272.  Solarium,  sp.  ind.  c.     This  is  a  distinct  species  of  Toriniay 
having  the  size  and  general  aspect  of  Helix  rotundata. 

273.  Trochus  catenulatus= Modulus  c.,  M.  401; 

274.  Trochus  coronulatus=0mphalius  c.    This  species  reappears 
at  Cape  St.  Lucas,  and  is  closely  allied  to  O.  ligulatus,  M.  293. 

275.  Trochus   leanus=Calliostoma  I.      This   distinctive  generic 
name  is  strongly  to  be  preferred  to  the  specific  Ziziphinus. 

276.  Trochus  lima.     This  shell  exactly  accords  with  Calliostoma 
anlonii,  Koch,  in  Mus.  Cuming. 

191 


18      DR.  T.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA, 

277.  Trochus  lividus= Modulus  disculus,  M.  403. 

278.  Trochus  panamensis=Omphalius  p.    A  good  species,  though 
apparently  very  rare  ;  for  I  had  the  pleasure  of  adding  it  to  the 
Cumingian  collection. 

2  79 .   Troch us  pellis-serpentis=  Tegula  p. 

280.  Trochus  reticulatus—OmpJialius  viridulus,  M.  292.      This 
is  the  common  Trochid  of  the  Panama  region,  as  is  ligulatus  of  the 
Alazatlan. 

281.  Turbo  buschii—lhaniUa  inermis,  M.  287.     This  shell  ap- 
pears to  replace  U.  olivacea  in  the  southern  fauna.     Besides  the  dif- 
ferences indicated  in  Maz.  Cat.   p.  229,   the  operculum  is  quite 
distinct. 

282.  ?  Turbo  phasianelIa=Collonia  ph.:  not  (Melaraphe)  pha- 
sianella,  Phil. 

283.  Turbo  rutilus.     The  unique  type  is  in  miserable  condition, 
to  which  the  "  hright  red  with  pale  streaks  "  is  owing.     The  shell 
may  possiblv  have   been  originally  a  Pomaulax  undosus,  which  is 
truly  a  Lower  Californian  species.     It  appears,  however,  to  be  a 
favourite  with  sailors,  as  specimens  are  continually  appearing,  not 
only  high   and  low  on  the  West  Coast,  but  also  from  the  Pacific 
Islands.    The  specimens  brought  by  Comm.  Wilkes's  U.S.  Expl.  Exp. 
were  obtained  in  N.  S.  Wales !     Prof.  Adams's  fragments  were  pro- 
bably due  to  ballast. 

234.  Turbo  saxosits=CaUopoma  snxnsum.  This  replaces  the  C. 
fuctuosum  of  the  Gulf,  M.  282,  and  the  C.  tessellatum  of  Lower 
California.  The  "var.  depressum"  of  P.  Z.  S.,  1855,  I  believe  to 
be  really  a  Senectus  from  the  Pacific  Islands. 

285.  Scalaria  hexagona,  C.  B.  Ad. :    non  Sbv.,   M.  564.     The 
Professor's  shell  is  (I  think)  one  of  the  species  I  described  in  P.  Z  S. 
from  Mr.  Bridges' s  collection ;  but  the  distinctions  in  this  genus  are 
too  critical  to  decide  without  comparison  of  types.     This  shell  is 
broad  ;    whorls   very  separate  ;    varices  long   and  sharp  ;   spirally 
finely  striated. 

286.  Scalaria  obtusa,  C.  B.  Ad. ;  ?  non  Shy.    This  also  appeared 
to  me  one  of  Mr.  Bridges's  species.     It  is  a  very  pretty  shell,  with 
close,  sharp,  coronated  varices. 

287.  Scalaria,  sp.  ind.  a.     Like  the  next,  but  larger,  and  with 
spiral  striae  between  the  extremely  crowded,  sharp  varices. 

288.  Scalaria,  sp.  ind.  b.    Of  the  Clathratula  type,  without  spiral 
sculpture. 

289.  Scalaria,  sp.  ind.  c,  is  probably  the  young  of  Cirsotrema 
funiculatum,  M.  509,  which,  with  its  congeners,  may  be  removed  to 
Opalia. 

290.  Eulima  iota.     This  shell,  which  is  a  Leiostraca  (not  "  ?  Sfy- 
lifer"),  is  probably  distinct  from  the  Mazatlan  form,  M.  555,  which 
saould  btand  as  L.  retcxta. 

192 


DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA.      19 

291.  Eulima  recta.     The  type  is  a  very  good  species  of  Leio- 
straca  ;  but  I  doubt  its  identity  with  the  Cumingian  specimen,  with 
which  the  Mazatlan  shell,  M.  550,  was  compared.    It  most  resembles 
the' I/,  linear  is,  M.  554,  with  which  it  agrees  in  divergence  and 
general  shape  ;  but  that  is  very  much  smaller,  with  the  upper  whorls 
more  tumid.     In  the  Professor's  type  of  L.  recta,  I  searched  in  vain 
for  traces  of  the  "  two  brown  spots."     They  were  probably  thrown 
by  defective  light.     The  "  two  opaque  spiral  bands  "  are  simply  the 
effect  of  the  suture,  and  the  previous  whorl  showing  through.     For 
the  Mazatlan  shell,  M.  550,  I  propose  the  name  of  L.  involuta. 

292.  Eulima  solitaria.     This  also  is  a  Leiostraca,  not  "  1  Sty- 
lifer,"  and  accords  exactly  with  the  Leiostraca,  sp.  ind.  a,  M.  552, 
but  not  with  the  supposed  L.  solitaria,  M.  55 1 .     The  latter  agrees 
in  shape  with  the  unique  Panama  shell,  whorl  for.  whorl ;  but  its 
base  and  labrum  are  much  more  produced  anteriorly.     For  this  rea- 
son, it  may  be  known  as  L.  producta. 

293.  Pyramidella,  sp.  ind.     This  is  probably  the  Obeliscus  de- 
scribed in  Maz.  Oat.  no.  486. 

294.  Pyramidella   conic a  =  Obeliscus   conicus,  C.  B.  Ad.,    not 
M.  486. 

295.  Natica  chemnitzii=N.  maroccana,  M.  570.     The  Professor 
first  labelled  these  shells  "  N.  ?  maroccana,  Chem.,"  but  crossed  it  off 
in  pencil.    Another  tray  appeared  (without  number)  labelled  "luni- 
fasciata,  Lam."     They  all  belong  to  the  large  West  Coast  form  of 
maroccana.     [N.B.  The  shells  described  in  P.  Z.  S.  as  "  var.  call- 
fornica,"  on  the  authority  of  the  late  Mr.  Nuttall,  are  (with  others 
from  the  same  source)  undoubtedly  from   the  Sandwich  Islands. 
The  Pacific  specimens  (of  which  I  have  examined  many  thousands, 
brought  by  Comm.  Wilkes's  E.  E.)  present  a  very  different  type  from 
those  of  the  west  coasts  of  Africa  and  America ;  but  are  regarded 
by  Mr.  Cuming  as  only  a  local  variety.] 

296.  Natica  ?  lurida.     These  shells  are  simply  a  pale  variety  of 
N.  maroccana. 

297.  Natica  otis,  C.  B.  Ad.  (not  Brod.  &  Sby.).     These  shells 
appear  to  be  the  young  of  Polinices  "  salangonensis,"  P.  298. 

298.  Natica  1  salangonensis.    I  had  no  opportunity  of  comparing 
this  Polinices  with  the  species  of  Recluz. 

299.  Natica  souleyetiana.     The  shells  closely  resemble  N.  ma- 
roccana, but  with  a  larger  umbilicus. 

300.  Natica  1mrgineay  C.  B.  Ad.  (not  Re'cl.)  =  Polinices  uber, 
M.  576. 

301.  Natica,  sp.  ind.  a.     There  is  no  ticket  answering  to  this 
number,  which  was  probably  intended  for  the  N.  maroccanat  var. 
"  unifasciata." 

302.  Natica,  sp.  ind.  b.     The  shells  are  marked  e,  and  are  the 
young  of  Polinices  uber,  P.  300,  M.  576. 

13  193 


20      DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA. 

303.  Natica,  sp.  ind.  c.     The  shell  is  marked/*,  and  is  probably 
=  N.  haneti 

304.  Nerita  $cabricosta=~Mi.  326.    After  examining  a  multitude 
of  specimens  from  different  parts  of  the  coast,  I  have  not  the  slightest 
doubt  of  the  identity  of  the  forms  called  ornata  and  deshayesii. 

305.  Nerita,  sp.  ind.  a=N.  bernhardi,  M.  327. 

306.  Neritina  guayaquilensis.    Stet.  +  iV.  intermedia,  Sby. 

307.  Neritina  picta=WL.  329. 

308-316.  Stent.     The  shells  described  as  "Auricula  "  belong  to 
Melampus. 

317.  Truncatella  bairdiana.     A  good  species. 

318.  11  Truncatella  dubiosa.     This  belongs  to  Hydrobia  or  some 
similar  Rissoid. 

319.  Bulla  (Tornatina)  infrequens=Tornatina  i.t  M.  222. 

320.  Bulla  (Cylichna)  luticola=Cylichna  /.,  M.  221.    The  Ma- 
zatlan  shell  is  much  more  constricted  than  most  of  Prof.  Adams's 
specimens. 

321.  Bulla  punctulata=B.  adamsi,  M.  224.     The  B.  punctata, 
A.  Ad.  =  -B.  punctu/ata,  A.  Ad.,    but  is  not  the  B.  punctulata, 
C.  B.  Ad.=£.  puncticulata,  C.  B.  Ad.,  MS.  on  ticket. 

322.  Bulla,  sp.  ind.  =  Tornatina  cannata,  M.  223. 

323.  Vermetus  1  glomeratus,  C.  B.  Ad.  (not  Bivonia  glomerata, 
Lam.)=  V.  eburneiiSy  M.  354.     The  shells  sometimes  assume  a  ru- 
fous tint  in  the  later  whorls,  in  which  state  (if  the  Turritelloid  apex 
be  concealed)  it  is  liable  to  be  confounded  with  Aletes  centiquadrus. 
Some  of  the  Professor's  shells  belong  to  the  latter  species. 

324.  Vermetus  panamensis,  C.  B.  Ad.  (?  Rouss.)=^/e£es  centi- 
quadruSy  M.  352. 

325.  Stomatella  inflata  is  a  Lamellaria  with  broken  lip  and  very 
much  curved  columella :  v.  M.  577.     [A  Sigaretusy  with  somewhat 
sharper  columella  than  the  ordinary  W.  Indian  form,  was  found 
among  the  Professor's  duplicate  Panama  shells ;  but  as  it  does  not 
occur  either  in  the  catalogue  or  the  collection,  it  was  probably  dropped 
in  from  the  Jamaica  series.] 

326.  Hipponyx,  sp.  ind.     Of  the  Professor's  "two  small  speci- 
mens "  marked  "  subrufa,  jun.,"  one  is  H.  grayanus,  jun.,  M.  350. 
The  other  may  be  the  same,  but  is  probably  the  young  of  H.  bar- 
batus.     Neither  are  sufficiently  perfect  to  determine  with  confidence. 

327.  Hipponyxlbarbata.     Part  of  these  specimens  belong  to  H. 
barbatus,  M.  349 ;  part  to  H.  grayanus ;  part  are  too  much  worn 
to  determine  ;  and  one  is  a  valve  of  Discina  cumingii. 

328.  Hipponyxpanamensis=H.  antiquatus,  M.  347.    The  species 
is  very  widely  diffused,  and  varies  greatly  in  each  locality. 

329.  Hipponyx  radiata-=H.  grayanus,  M.  350.     The  collection 

194 


DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA.      21 

• 

also  contains  a  tray  labelled  "  Panama  :  C.  B.  Ad.  don./'  in  which 
are  Hipponyx  serratus,  M.  346,  H.  barbatus,  and  Gadinia  pentago- 
niostoma,  M.  270.  This  last  name  should  he  dropped,  except  as  a 
variety  of  G.  stellata,  Shy.,  which  is  the  normal  state  :  v.  B.  A.  Rep. 
1857,  pi.  7.  f.  3,  a-g. 

330.  Calyptrcea  aberrans.     The  Professor  candidly  allows  that 
"  in  texture  this  shell  much  resembles  a  valve  of  an  Anomia"  which 
it  undoubtedly  is,  the  supposed  "probably  imperfect  cup"  being 
the  ligamental  pit.      The  large  muscular  scar  is  very  clearly  de- 
veloped ;  but  the  others  are  faint,  as  is  customary  in  young  shells, 
and  might  stand  for  either  Anomia  or  Placunanomia.     The  valve  is 
thin  and  glossy  inside.     The  outside  is  smooth,  excepting  the  lines 
of  growth,  and  is  encrusted  with  beautiful  zoophytes.     A  tiny  Ser- 
pulciy  which  has  coiled  itself  close  to  the  umbo,  carries  out  the  idea 
of  a  Calyptrseid  spiral  apex  ;  but  a  careful  microscopic  examination 
displayed  the  true  Anomoid  nucleus,  at  a  little  distance  from  the 
margin,  as  is   common  in  the  Mazatlan  specimens  of  A.  lampe, 
M.  219. 

331.  Calyptrcea  (Syphopatella)  aspersa=  Galerus  conicus,  very 
worn  and  young,  with  the  lamina  broken  away.     One  of  the  speci- 
mens may  perhaps  be  mamillaris. 

332.  Calyptrcea  cepacea=^L  345. 

333.  Calyptrcea  conica.     These  are  dead  specimens,  of  which  a 
few  may  be  the  true  Galerus  conicus,  M.  332.     But  most  of  them 
belong  to  the  brown-tinted  variety  of  (the  Professor's  G.  regulari$=) 
mamillaris :  v.  no.  340. 

334.  Calyptrcea  dentata=^Crucibulum  imbricatum,  M.  343. 

335.  Calyptrcea  hispida=Crucibulum  spinosum,  M.  344. 

336.  Calyptrcea  imbricata.     The  two  specimens  are  too  much 
worn  to  affiliate  with  confidence,  the  cups  being  broken  out.     The 
outside  is  ribbed,  with  arrow-headed  striae  between  the  ribs.     They 
probably  =  Crucibulum  i.,  var. 

337.  Calyptrcea  maculata=Crucibulum  spinosum,  M.  344.     See 
the  attempt  to  unravel  the  confusion  in  the  synonymy  of  this  family 
in  Maz.  Cat.  pp.  264-295.     Three  specimens  marked  by  the  Pro- 
fessor "  C.  maculata,  var.,"  are  young,  dead  radiata,  no.  339. 

338.  Calyptrcea  planulata.    This  unique  shell  is  simply  a  young, 
flat  C.  cepacea,  with  the  cup  prominent,  and  the  outside  sculpture 
faintly  developed,  from  living  in  a  hollow  place.     The  striae  are  not 
"  obsolete  around  the  apex." 

339.  Calyptrcea  radiata—  Crucibulum  r.    This  rare  and  beautiful 
species  is  quite  distinct,  even  in  the  early  stages,  from  all  varieties 
of  C.  spinosum. 

340.  Calyptrcea  (Syphopatella)  regularise  Galerus  mamillaris. 
M.  333. 

341.  Calyptrcea  umbrella=  Crucibulum  u.  (=C.  rudist  Brod.). 

195 


22      DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA. 

342.  Calyptraa  llunguis,  C.  B.  A.d.  =  Crucibulum  spinosum,  jun. 
(not  Galerus  unguis,  Brod.). 

343.  Crepidula  cerithiicola.    Most  of  the  specimens  are  the  young 
of  C.  onyxy  M.  340 ;  but  a  few  are  of  C.  incur va,  M.  339. 

344.  Crepidula  echinus  =  (7.  aculeata,  M.  334. 

345.  Crepidula  excavata,  M.  337. 

346.  Crepidula  1hepatica=C.  onyx,  M.  340. 

347.  Crepidula  incurva,  M.  339.     A  very  interesting  series  of 
specimens ;  of  which  two  or  three  are  probably  the  twisted  form  of 
C.  onyx.     One  tray  contains  specimens  adhering  to  other  shells. 
One,  fixed  diagonally  on  a   Calliostoma,  takes  exactly  the  arrow- 
headed  sculpture  of  the  var.  Gal.  imbricata,  Brod.     Another,  grown 
diagonally  on  Pisania  gemmata,  has  the  general  aspect  of  a  Chiton. 
One,  fixed  on  the  back  of  its  neighbour  which  has  grown  on  a  Cal- 
liostoma, has   the  granular  interruptions  of  the  ribs  transmitted 
through  the  first  specimen.     The  same  is  true  of  one  which  has 
grown  on  another  which  was  planted  on  a  Pisania.     One  specimen, 
which  had  established  itself  on  a  Calliostoma,  and  began  with  normal 
ribs,  is  losing  these  at  the  margin,  adopting  the  sculpture  of  the 
Trochid.     An  extremely  twisted  specimen  in  the  tray  of  separate 
shells  has  a  bifid  deck.     A  young  one  had  edged  itself  into  the  apical 
part  of  the  deck,  as  into  a  maternal  pouch  ;  so  the  old  one  made  a 
fresh  deck  over  it. 

348.  Crepidula  lessonii.     Most  of  the  specimens  are  of  C.  nivea, 
var.,  M.  341.    Two  shells,  which  have  the  apex  perfect,  display  the 
characteristic  nuclear  riblets.     One  dark-coloured  specimen  may  be 
a  hybrid,  and  another  (though  too  much  worn  for  confident  affilia- 
tion) appears  to  be  C.  unguiformis.     Among  the  duplicates,  all  the 
specimens  which  were  perfect  at  the  apex  presented  the  niveoid 
nucleus,  though  white  ;  but  generally  the  riblets  were  more  or  less 
worn  off. 

349.  Crepidula  squama.     These  are  the  flat  form  (mostly  dead 
and  worn)  of  C.  nivea,  M.  341.     Some  of  them  pass  into  lessonii. 
Some  are  highly  coloured,  and  may  be  the  young  of  C.  onyx ;  one 
even  of  C.  incurva.     One  of  the  young  shells  in  phial  appears  to  be 
(7.  onyx ;  but  whenever  the  apex  is  perfect,  it  presents  the  typical 
riblets  :  v.  Maz.  Cat.  in  loco. 

350.  Crepidula  unguiformis.     The  apex  being  hidden  in  dead 
shells,  which  I  was  not  at  liberty  to  break  away,  I  could  only  exa- 
mine one  specimen,  which  appeared  to  be  a  C.  nivea,  var.,  as  sup- 
posed in  Maz.  Cat.  p.  285.     Of  the  loose  specimens,  scarcely  any 
are  sufficiently  perfect  at  the  apex  to  speak  with  confidence.     Most 
of  them,  however,  have  the  characteristic  painting  of  the  variety 
squama ;  and  all  may  belong  to  the  common  species  (C.  nivea),  ex- 
cept one  which  is  a  true  C.  unguiformis,  M.  342,  on  the  back  of 
another  shell,  and  a  few  which  are  probably  C.  onyx,  var.     Of  the 
duplicates,  which  I  was  at  liberty  to  extract  from  the  dead  shells, 

196 


DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA.      23 

SOTT-P  ITP  undoubtedly  C.  nivea ;  others  truly  C.  unguiformis ;  and 
others  probably  C.  nivea,  but  with  the  riblets  worn  away  by  the 
crabs. 

Sol.  Crepidula  nivea,  M.  341.  The  specimens  are  small  and 
poor ;  mostly  rough,  of  the  variety  striolata  passing  into  lessonii. 
Wherever  the  apex  is  perfect,  it  presents  the  characteristic  riblets, 
but  is  generally  white,  not  brown  as  in  most  of  the  finely  grown 
Mazatlan  shells. 

5f>2.  Crepidula  osculans.  This  is  a  perfect  and  extremely  beau- 
tiful specimen  of  Scutellina  navicelloides,  M.  269.  The  Professor 
did  not  observe  the  non- spiral  patelloid  apex,  and  regarded  the 
"  navicelloid  "  columellaas  an  extremely  narrow  deck.  To  the  diag- 
nosis in  the  Maz.  Cat.  may  now  be  added  "  apice  obtuso,  sublcevi ; 
vertice  hand  spirally  vix  conspicuo." 

353.  Crepidula  rostrata—G.  adunca,  M.  338,  ?non  Sby.     The 
examination  of  a  large  series  of  specimens  from  the  temperate  fauna 
has  led  me  unexpectedly  to  confirm  Mr.  Reeve's  opinion  that  they 
are  distinct.     The  northern  shell  is  C.  adunca,  Sby.   (=Garnotia 
[Gray]  solida,  Hds.  =  C.  rostriformis,  Gld.)  ;  and  the  tropical  shell 
must  take  the  prior  name,  C.  uncata,  Mke.  (^=C.  rostrata,  C.  B.  Ad., 
Rve.  =  C.  adunca,  Maz.  Cat.,  non  Sby.). 

354.  Fissurella  <zqualis= Fissurellidcea  <%. 

355.  Fissurella  alta=Glyphis  alta,  M.  280. 

356.  Fissurella  macro trema.     Stet. 

357.  Fissurella  microtrema.    These  are  dead  specimens,  of  which 
some  are  F.  rugosa,  var.,  M.  273. 

353.  Fissurella  mus=Glyphis  ineequalis,  var.,  M.  279.  These 
shells  are  intermediate  between  the  typical  form  find  pica. 

359,  360.  Stent. 

361.  Fissurella  virescens.     It  is  doubtful  whether  any  of  the  spe- 
cimens are  of  the  true  virescens,  M.  271,  as  they  run  into  nigro- 
punctata  by  insensible  gradations.     Perhaps  both  species  may  prove 
identical. 

362.  Siphonaria  characteristica=S.  gigas,  var. 

363.  364,  365.  Stent. 

366.  Siphonaria  ? pica.      These   are  young  dead  limpets  (not 
Siphonarice). 

367.  Lottia  1  patina,  C.  B.  Ad.  (non  Esch.).     These  shells  differ 
from  Acmcea  mesoleuca,  M.  263,  in  being  black  instead  of  green,  and 
are  prettily  striped. 

368.  369,  370.  Lottia,  sp.  ind.     There  may  be  two  or  even  more 
species  of  Acmsea,  but  it  is  not  impossible  that  there  is  only  one 
among  the  professor's  Lottise,  some   of  the   specimens   being  the 
young  of  ?  Patella,  no.  371. 


24  DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA. 

371.  ?  Patella,  sp.  ind.     This  has  the  general  appearance  of  P. 
vulyata,  but  may  be  an  Acmcea. 

372.  Chiton  clathratus.     (Genus  indet.) 

373.  Chiton  dispar,  C.  B.  Ad.;  not  Lophyrus  dispar,  Sby.     I 
doubt  whether  any  of  the  Professor's  specimens  belong  to  Sowerby's 
species,  which  is  black  mixed  with  grey  ;  area-sculpture  very  faint ; 
and  sides  imbricated,  not  rugulose.     Among  the  duplicates  were  two 
(if  not  three)  species : — the  principal  one  with  side-sculpture  in  lobated 
knobs,  which  may  be  named  Lophyrus  adamsii',   a  ?variety  with 
simple  knobs  ;  and  a  well-marked  species  without  distinct  side  areas, 
which  may  be  called  Lophyrus  tenuisculptus. 

374.  Chiton  lluridus.     Probably  correct. 

375.  Chiton  pulchellus=  Callochiton  p.  +  C.  elenensis. 

376.  Chiton  stokesii= Lophyrus  s. 

377.  Anomia  lampe,  C.  B.  Ad.     It  is  doubtful  whether  this  is 
identical  with  the  northern  species,  M.  219, 

378.  Anomia  tenuis.     This  is  probably  the  young  of  the  last 
species,  and  may  give  it  a  name,  if  new.     It  is  doubtful  how  the 
diagnosis  of  the  scars  was  made  out;  as  they  were  not  visible  in 
either  of  the  specimens  retained,  being  encrusted  with  dead  animal 
matter.     They  were  not  distinct  even  after  its  removal. 

379.  Anomia,  sp.  ind.  a.     Probably  the  same  species  as  the  two 
last,  although  far  too  dead,  worn,  and  young  to  decide.     See  notes 
on  the  variations  of  A.  lampe,  Maz.  Cat.  p.  168. 

380.  Ostrea,  sp.  ind.  a.     The  hinge  notches  of  the  upper  valve 
fit  between  corresponding  teeth  in  the  lower.     Inside  rather  flesh- 
coloured  ;  white,  round  margin.     Scar  kidney-shaped,  dark  in  one 
valve,  light  in  the  other.     A  young  valve  is  white,  and  as  pearly  as 
O.  iridescens,  M.  211.     The  species  is  best  known  by  its  tendency 
to  make  a  very  broad  limb  in  the  exterior  coloured  part,  spreading 
out  into  palrnations.    A  very  young  specimen,  though  covered  above 
with  Membraniporce,  shows  the  characteristic  corrugations  through. 
It  may  stand  provisionally  as  O.  panamensis. 

381.  Ostrea,  sp.  ind.  b.     This  is  probably  a  variety  of  O.  pana- 
mensis, but  more  coarsely  grown,  so  that  there  is  a  smaller  limb, 
without  palmations.    Wherever  the  sculpture  appears,  there  are  evi- 
dent traces  of  the  peculiar  corrugations.     The  inside  has  the  same 
characters,  both  of  hinge,  colour,  iridescence,  and  scar. 

382.  Ostrea,  sp.  ind.  c.    Rather  square  hinge,  without  plications ; 
one  shell  with  an  umbonal  cavity.     Pearly  white.     One  specimen  is 
tinted  on  the  scar,  which  may  become  coloured  in  the  adult.     It  is 
by  no  means  "pentangular,"  and  is  more  probably  =  O.  rufa,  Gld., 
than  0.  columbiensis,  M.  213. 

383.  Ostrea,  sp.  ind.  d.    The  shells  are  broader  than  the  Mazatlan 
specimens  of  O.  virginica,  M.  212,  probably  from  not  growing  on 
twigs.     The  younger  shells  are  very  like  O.  edulis  ;  the  older  ones 

198 


DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA.      25 

have  hollow  umbos.    One  long  shell,  first  marked  e,  but  altered  to  d, 
is  the  adult  form  ;  several  of  the  younger  shells  are  doubtful. 

384.  Ostrea,  sp.  ind.  e.  =  Ostrea,  M.  215.     Being  a  good  species, 
I  propose  the  name  of  0.  amara.     The  Professor's  "  small  var."  is 
not  plicated,  and  appears  to  belong  to   O.  conchaphila,  M.  214. 
[N.B.  Additional  specimens  confirm  me  in  the  belief  that  O.  pal- 
mula,  M.  214  b,  is  a  distinct  species.] 

385.  Spondylus  lamarckii,  C.  B.  Ad.  =  S.  calcifer,  M.  208. 

386.  Spondylus,  sp.  ind.  a  =  Plicatula  penicillata,  M.  210. 

387.  Pecten  inca=P.  ventricosus,  Sby.,  as  in  errata. 

388.  Pecten  tumbezensis=P.  aspersus,  Sby.,  Hani.  (?  Lam.). 

389.  Lima  angulata.     Shells  inflated,  not  gaping. 

390.  Lima  pacifica  (=L.  arcuata,  Sby.,  Hani.).     Young  shells, 
species  uncertain. 

391.  Avicula  1maryaritifera  =  Maryaritiphora  fimbriata,   Dkr., 
M.  204  =  M.  mazatlanica,  Hanl.  =  Jf.  barbata,  Rve. 

392.  Avicula  sterna,  M.  203.     A.  libella,  Rve.,  appears  to  me 
the  young  of  this  specie*. 

393.  Perna,  sp.  ind.  a  =  Isoynomon  chemnitziana,  M.  205. 

394.  Perna,   sp.  ind.  b  —  I.  chemnitziana,  var.      Rather  more 
finely  grown,  and  with  less  colour,  but  certainly  the  same  species. 
The  Professor's  Jamaica  specimens  are  labelled  "  bicolor,  Ad." 

395.  Pinna  maura,  M.  200. 

396.  P'rtna  tuberculosa.     Three  of  the  specimens  appear  to  me 
=  P.  maura,  jun.     The  other  may  be  the  same,  but  is  worn  nearly 
smooth. 

397.  Mytilus,  sp.  ind.  a.     Resembles  the  young  of  Modiola  bra- 
siliensis,  but  with  a  few  hinge-teeth,  as  in  M.  edulis. 

398.  Lithodomus,  sp.  ind.  a.     Most  of  these  specimens  are  of 
Lithophagus  aristatus,  M.  176  ;  one  (perhaps  two)  are  L.  attenua- 
tus,  M.  173  (which  is  found  from  Lower  California  to  Chili)  ;  and 
one  appears  to  be  L.  plumula,  M.  1 75  ;  but  they  are  too  young  to 
decide  with  confidence. 

399.  Modiola  ?  semifusca.     These  specimens  all  belong  to  the  M. 
brasiliensis,  M.  1/1,  but  are  much  more  like  the  ordinary  Brazilian 
specimens  than  are  those  from  Mazatlan.     As  compared  with  the 
latter,  the  Panama  shells  are  more  rounded,  with  stronger  posterior 
grooving,  and  with  the  angular  ridge  less  marked.     A  similar  shell, 
undoubtedly  from  New  Zealand,  is  considered  by  Mr.  Cuming  con- 
specific. 

400-404.  Modiola,  sp.  ind.  a,  b,  c,  d,  e.  I  could  find  no  a  or  e 
in  the  collection;  but  there  were  two  trays  marked/.  Tray  b  —  M. 
capax,  M.  170.  c  contains  several  specimens  of  Mytilus  multiformis, 
M.  168,  strongly  ribbed  variety,  perhaps  intended  for  b,  no.  401. 

199 


26      DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA. 

d  contains  parts  of  six  specimens,  and  perhaps  should  be  a,  no.  400. 
They  appear  to  be  a  variety  of  Lithophagus  cinnamomens,  M.  177, 
but  with  broken  shells,  &c.,  agglutinized  on  the  posterior  side.  /(I) 
contains  four  specimens  of  M.  multiformis,  the  semigreenish  variety 
(Maz.  Cat.  p.  119),  and  are  probably  intended  for  c.  /(2)  contains 
two  specimens  of  the  same  variety  of  M.  multijormis,  in  the  burrow 
of  a  Lithophagus,  and  may  stand  for  d  or  e. 

405.  Chama  buddiana=  C.  (^.frondosa,  var.)/orm'ca£«,  M.  121, 1. 
Additional  specimens  confirm  me  in  regarding  this  species  as  distinct 
from  all  varieties  offrondosa.   The  Professor's  shells  not  being  very 
characteristic,  the  diagnoses  do  not  exactly  accord.   The  shell  stands 
as  C.  buddiana. 

406.  Chama  ?  corrugata.    The  large  valve  appears  a  dead  reversed 
C.  (frondosa)  mexicana,  M.  121,  with  the  teeth  perforated  by  Li- 
thophagi.     The  other  may  be  corrugata,  very  dead,  of  sienna-tint, 
very  pointed  dorsally. 

407.  Chama  echinata.    These  appear  to  me  to  be  the  young,  partly 
of  C.  buddiana,  but  principally  of  C.  mexicana. 

408.  Nucula  elenensis—Leda  e.,  M.  199. 

409.  Nucula  exigua,  M.  198. 

410.  Nucula  polita=Leda  p.     With  semidiagonal  lines. 

411.  Pectunculus  assimilis+P.  incequalis,  M.  196. 

412.  Pectunculus  Imaculatus.     Stet. 

413.  Area  alternata— Barbatia  a.t  M.  188. 

414.  Area  laviculoides  appears  a  young  Scapharca. 

415.  Area  emarginata=Scapharca  e.,  M.  187. 

416.  Area  gradata= Barbatia  g.,  M.  194. 

417.  Arcagrandis,  M.  180. 

418.  Area  mutabilis—  Byssoarca  m.,  M.  190. 

419.  Area  (Byssoarca)  pholadiformis.     This  is  simply  an  elon- 
gated form  of  Barbatia  gradata,  probably  from  growing  in  the  hole 
of  a  Lithophagus.     The  umbos  are  "  flattened  "  by  erosion  ;  teeth 
not  "obsolete"  under  the  glass;  "ligament  concealed"  simply  by 
the  compressed  and  elongated  growth. 

420.  Area  reeviana=.  Barbatia  r. 

421.  Area  reversa—Noetia  r.t  M.  185. 

422.  Area  similis.     This  is  scarcely  a  variety  of  A.  tuberculosa, 
TM.  184.     The  specimens  are  dead  and  oiled,  with  most  of  the  epi- 
dermis abraded. 

423.  Area  solida= Barbatia  s.,  M.  195. 

424.  Area  (Byssoarca)  tob ay ensis= Barbatia  illota,  M.  193. 

425.  Area  tuberculosat  M.  184. 

426.  Area,  sp.  ind.  a.     These  little  shells  approach  the  Noetia 

200 


DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA.      27 

type.    Ribs  fine,  tuberculous,  coarse  on  the  angular  side.    Ligament 
very  narrow,  truncated. 

42".   Cardita  affinis.     (Lazaria.} 

428.  Cardita  laticostata=Venericardia  I. 

429.  Cardita  radiata.     (Lazaria.) 

430.  Cardium  graniferum,  M.  134. 

431.  Cardium  obovale=Hemicardia  o. 

432.  Cardium  planicostatum,  C.  B.  Ad.,  not  Sby.    This  looks  like 
a  dead  ballast- valve  of  Hemicardia  media  ;  but  it  may  be  H.  bian* 
gulata. 

433.  Cardium  procerum,  M.  125. 

434.  Cardium  senticosum,  M.  126. 

435.  Venus  lamathusia  —  Anomalocardia  subimbricata,  M.  113. 

436.  Venus  discors=  Tapes  grains,  Say,  M.  1 1 0.    The  Professor's 
specimens  of  this  species  and  T.  histrionicus  are  somewhat  inter- 
mixed. 

437.  Venus  gnidia,  M.  101.    Dead  specimens  ;  of  which  one  may 
possibly  be  Chione  amathusia,  M.  102. 

438.  Venus  multicostata.     Closely  resembling  the  West  Indian 
form. 

439.  Venus  pectunculoides=  Tapes  histrionicus,  M.  109. 

440.  Venus  subrugosa=Anomalocardia  s.t  M.  112. 

441.  Venus,  sp.  ind.  a.     A  small  species  with  concentric  laminae, 
armed  with  one  posterior  row  of  blunt  spines.     Interstices  with  mi- 
nute concentric  striae. 

442.  Venus,  sp.  ind.  6=  Chione  crenifera,  M.  105=F.  sugillata, 
Rve.  C.  I.  no.  43. 

443.  Cytherea  affinis.    Probably  =  Callista  concinna,  var.,  M.  99. 

444.  Cytherea  aurantiaca=  Callista  aurantia,  M.  92. 

445.  Cytherea   consanguine a^=  Callista  c.     Messrs.  H.  and  A. 
Adams  have  not  made  a  subgenus  to  include  this  group  of  thin,  in- 
flated, almost  colourless  species. 

446.  Cytherea  radiata=Trigona  r.,  M.  83. 

447.  Cytherea  squalida=  Callista  chioncea,  M.  93. 

448.  Artemis  dunkeri= Dosinia  d.,  M.  90. 

449.  Artemis  saccata=Cyclina  subquadrata,  M.  91. 

450.  Gouldia  pacifica,  M.  116. 

451.  Cyrena  maritima.    Stet.     The  collection  also  contains  two 
tubes,  containing  a  very  young  "  ?  Cyclas  "  and  another  "  Cyrenat 
jun.,"  marked  "  Panama,  C.  B.  Ad." 

452.  Lucina  tellinoides=Felania  t.     Differs   from  F.  sericatat 

201 


29      DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA. 

M.  152,  in  having  a  yellow,  not  silky,  epidermis.  The  specimens 
vary  considerably  in  thickness.  The  genus  scarcely  differs  from 
Miltha. 

453.  Capsa  altior—Iphigenia  a.,  M.  69. 

454.  Donax  assimilisy  M.  74. 

455.  Donax  gracilis.    Stet. 

456.  Donax  navicula,  M.  77. 

457.  Donax  rostratus.     This  single  valve  proves  to  be  the  true 
D.  carinatus,  M.  71,  and  not  the  shell  which  I  called  D.  culminatus, 
M.  72  (  =  carinatus,  var.,  Hani,  in  Mus.  Cum.),  which  I  subse- 
quently affiliated  to  the  supposed  rostratus,  Maz.  Cat.  p.  548,  on  the 
authority  of  Dr.  Gould's  specimen.    We  were  probably  both  misled 
by  the  "  very  sharp  angle,"  which  (as  compared  with  the  other  form) 
I  should  call  rounded,  and  the  "concave"  surface,  which  I  should 
translate  into  flat.     The  names  have  been  altered  in  the  Cumingian 
collection  since  the  Mazatlan  shells  were  identified ;  but  Mr.  Hanley 
informs  me  that  they  are  now  correct;  that  the  D.  culminatus,  M. 
72,  is  his  own  original  carinatus;  and  that  the  D.  carinatus,  M.  71 
(olim  Mus.  Cum.),  which  is  certainly  D.  rostratus,  P.  457,  must 
stand  under  Prof.  Adams's  name. 

458.  Tellina  aurora.    Stet. 

459.  Tellina  cognata,  C.  B.  kd.=zPsammobia  casta,  Rve.,  teste 
Cuming.     The  sculpture  consists  of  semidiagonal  striae  passing  over 
the  lines  of  growth.     In  other  specimens  examined  from  Panama 
these  are  sometimes  crowded,  sometimes  distant,  occasionally  flex- 
uous,  sometimes  almost  evanescent. 

460.  Tellina  columbiensis.    (Peroncea.) 

461.  Tellina  concinna=Macoma  c.     The  "slight  tinge  of  pink" 
I  could  not  discover. 

462.  Tellina  crystallina—Tellidora  c. 

463.  Tellina  cumingii,  M.  55. 

464.  Tellina  dombeyi=Macoma  d.,  M.  50. 

465.  Tellina  felix,  M.  51.    (Angulus.) 

466.  Tellina  laceridens.    (Peron&oderma.) 

467.  Tellina  pror a.    (Peronceoderma.) 

468.  Tellina  puella.    Not  unlike  T.  felix,  and  distinct  from  M.  59. 

469.  Tellina  rubescens.    (Perontcoderma.) 

470.  Tellina  siliqua.     The  two  odd  valves  belong  probably  to  a 
Ma  coma,  in  shape  resembling  Thracia  phaseolina. 

471.  Tellina  simulans=T.  (Peronceoderm a) punicea,  M.  54.  The 
species  was  described,  for  geographical  reasons,  from  a  young,  pale, 
and  undeveloped  valve.     On  comparing  it  with  the  Protestor's  ov\u 
West  Indiau  specimens,  I  could  detect  no  difference. 

202 


i.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA.      29 


472.  Tellina  sincera  =  Striffilla  s. 

473.  Tellina  vicina  =  Heterodonax  vicinus.     The  shells  are  la- 
belled T.  versicolor  by  the  Professor.     They  are  larger  than  the  ge- 
neral run  of  West  Indian  specimens  ;  but  the  form  is  probably  a 
local  variety  of  the  old  Heterodonax  bimaculatus. 

474.  Tellina,  sp.  ind.  a.     The  doubt  concerning  "concave"  and 
"  convex"  probably  arises  from  an  error  in  description. 

4/5.  Tellina,  sp.  hid.  b.    Looks  exactly  like  the  young  of  No.  4  74, 
but  with  lateral  teeth. 

476.  Tellina,  sp.  ind.  c.     Dead  valves  of  T.felix,  No.  465. 

477.  Petricola  cognata.     More  characteristic  specimens  from  the 
same  coast  are  affiliated  by  Mr.  Cuming  to  P.  pholadiformis,  from 
which  this  would  probably  not  have  been  separated  had  it  appeared 
on  the  Atlantic  coast. 

478.  Saxicava  1  tennis.    The  Panama  shell  is  more  like  Petricola 
than  Saxicava,  having  two  teeth  in  each  valve,  one  of  which  is  bifid. 
Sowerby's  species  is  called  by  Messrs.  H.  &  A.  Adams  "  Saxicava 
tennis"  (ii.  p.  349)  and  "  Petricola  tennis"  (ii.  p.  441).     Shell  with 
very  fine  radiating  striae,  crossed  by  irregular  striae  of  growth. 

479.  Cumingia  coarctata=C.  lamellosa,  var.,  M.  42. 

480.  Cumingia  trigonularis,  M.  43. 

481.  Cumingia,  sp.  ind.  a=C.  trigonularis,  No.  480. 

482.  Cumingitty  sp.  ind.  b=  C.  var.  coarctata,  No.  479. 

483.  Cumingia,  sp.  ind.  c=M.  45.     This  appears  a  distinct  spe- 
cies, and  may  be  quoted  as  C.  adamsii,  in  remembrance  of  the  labours 
of  Messrs.  EL,  A.  and  C.  B.  Adams. 

484.  Cumingia,  sp.  ind.  c?=Maz.  Cat.  tablet  107,  p.  31;  well 
rounded,  with  close  striae.     Probably  distinct. 

485.  Amphidesma  bicolor=  Semele  Ivenusta,  M.  41  (non  A.  Ad.). 
The  "  species"  in  this  genus  are  often  separated  by  very  variable 
characters. 

486.  Ampkidesma  1ellipticum=  Semele  e. 

487.  Amphidesma  proximum.     The  type  is  not  quite  so  elliptical 
as  the  last  species  ;  but  as  this  is  a  very  variable  character  (v.  Maz. 
Cat.  p.  28),  I  should  regard  it  as  the  same.     It  is  not  the  Semele 
proxima,  M.  40  (  =  S.flavescens,  v.  Maz.  Cat.  p.  548). 

488.  Amphidesma  pulchrum=  Semele  p. 

489.  Amphidesma  striosum  =  Semele  s.     I   should  describe  the 
shell  as  smooth,  with  very  fine  diagonal  striae  crossing  the  lines  of 
growth.    It  has  the  general  aspect  of  S.  pulchra.    The  teeth  in  one 
valve  are  long  and  sharp. 

490.  Amphidesma  tortuosum=  Semele  t.    Teeth  short  and  faint. 

491.  Amphidesma  ventricosum=  Semele  v.    The  "zones"  are  very 

203 


30      DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA. 

"  ill-defined."     Teeth  scarcely  visible.     It  looks  outside  like  a  dead 
valve  of  Macoma  solidula. 

492.  Crassatella  gibbosa.     Also  found  at  Cape  St.  Lucas. 

493.  Mulinia  donaciformis  =  M.  angulata,  M.  80. 

494.  Mulinia  ventricosa=Mactrella  exoleta,  M.  78. 

495.  Lutraria   elegans=Harvella  elegans ;  ascribed  by  Messrs. 
H.  &  A.  Adams  to  Florida  (ii.  p.  3/8),  from  which  I  have  never 
seen  it.     It  is  a  rare,  but  (under  different  names)  somewhat  widely 
diffused  west-tropical  shell.     Its  "analogue"  from  Florida  and  Ca- 
rolina is  Raeta  canaliculata. 

496.  Mactra  velata=  Standella  v.    Vide  M.   79.     The  "small 
variety"  is  conspecific. 

497.  Anatina  alia.    This  valve  of  Periploma  may  prove  identical 
with  one  of  the  four  Gulf  species.     The  spoon  is  supported  under- 
neath by  a  linear  plate. 

498.  Pandora  cornuta.     It  is  singular  that  neither  Prof.  Adams 
nor  Dr.  Gould  observed  that  the  peculiar  characters  of  this  species 
are  due  to  a  fracture,  producing  a  beak  and  sinus  which  are  not  seen 
on  the  lines  of  growth.     The  sentences  about  the  "rostriform  pro- 
jection," the  "  sinus,"  and  the  "  prominent  angle,"  should  therefore 
be  erased  from  the  diagnosis.     The  hinge-teeth  consist  of  a  long 
sharp  tooth,  very  pointed,  in  one  valve,  fitting  against  a  less  prominent 
one  in  the  other ;  a  slight  ligamental  tooth  in  the  first  valve  only ; 
and  a  very  long,  sharp,  clavicular  tooth  in  each  valve,  running  near 
the  posterior  margin,  against  the  inside  umbonal  portion  of  which 
the  ligament  is  attached.     Should  it  prove  identical  with  P.  clavicu- 
lata,  the  earliest  name  (as  being  given  in  error)  may  advantageously 
be  dropped.     It  is  surprising  that  Messrs.  H.  &  A.  Adams  have  not 
divided  the  old  Lamarckian  genus  even  into  subgenera. 

499.  Potamomya  aqualis.     500.  P.inflata.    501.  P.  trigonalis. 
These  three  forms  of  Azara  differ  in  outline,  but  not  more  than  do 
some  other  species  of  Corbulids  and  such  shells  as  Trigona  radiata. 
The  teeth,  pallial  lines,  and  general  characters  are  the  same  in  each. 
The  first  two  I  should  consider  certainly  identical ;  and  a  large  series 
of  specimens  would  probably  graduate  to  the  third. 

502.  Corbula  bicarinata,  M.  30. 

503.  Corbula  biradiata,  M.  31. 

504.  Corbula  obesa.    Stet. 

505.  Corbula  ovulata,  M.  33. 

506.  Corbula  rubra.     A  young  orange-tinted  specimen  of  C.  bi- 
radiata, No.  503.     The  "broad  flexure"  is  an  accidental  growth, 
not  shown  in  the  lines  of  growth  of  an  earlier  stage. 

507.  Corbula  tennis.    Stet. 

508.  Corbula^  sp.  ind.  a.    A  very  small  angular  valve,  with  sharp 
concentric  ridges.     It  may  belong  to  C.  pustulosa,  M.  32. 

204 


DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  THE  SHELLS  OF  PANAMA.      31 

509.  Corbula,  sp.  ind.  b.     Dead  valves  of  C.  biradiata,  No.  503. 
To  the  same  species  may  be  referred  C.  polychroma.    We  were  mis- 
led by  the  different  appearance  of  the  dead  shell,  and  by  the  locality- 
mark  in  Col.  Jewett's  collection.    His  specimens  were  probably  from 
Panama  or  Acapulco. 

510.  Solecurtus  affinis,  M.  37.     It  is  probable  that  this  species 
is  identical  with  S.  (tNovaculina)  caribbceus.     The  Ariquibo  speci- 
mens of  the  latter  in  Mus.  Amherst  are  more  like  the  Mazatlan  shells 
than  those  are  to  the  Panama  type.     Shells  from  Cape  Palmas  were 
affiliated  to  the  Caribbsean  species  by  Mr.  Cuming. 

511.  Solen  rudis=Ensatella  r.      This  interesting  form  passes 
towards  Pharella.     It  is  called  "  Solena  cbliqua,  Spengl.,  var."  in 
Mus.  Cuming. 

512.  Pholas  crudgera.  With  the  general  aspect  oiBarnea  Candida. 

513.  Pholas  tubif er a=- P holadidea  t.    Of  the  melanura  type,  with 
a  solid  tube  fitting  on  to  the  ends  of  the  cups. 

514.  Pholas  xylophaga.     Of  the  Martesia  type,  without  cups. 
Dorsal  and  ventral  plates  long ;  umbonal  plates  moderate ;  wave  of 
the  adolescent  gape  rather  suddenly  arched. 

515.  Pholas ,  sp.  ind.  a.     Col.  Jewett's  specimens  of  the 

same  shell  are  named  laqueata  by  Mr.  Cuming.     It  is  of  the  non- 
waved,  concameroid  type;  without  radiating  sculpture;  concentric 
lamellae  beautifully  frilled. 

516-  Pholas,  sp.  ind.  b.  So  like  P.  dactylus  that  it  might  be 
taken  for  a  worn  valve  from  ballast.  The  sculpture-ridges  are,  how- 
ever, further  apart ;  hinge-chambers  larger  and  more  numerous,  with 
a  little  twisted  lamina  beyond  ;  gape  less  conspicuous. 

517.   Orbicula  cumingii— Discina  c.,  M,  14. 

The  shells  unfortunately  are  all  loose,  in  trays,  with  the  autograph 
names  on  tickets.  Prof.  Adams's  West  Indian  collections  are  in  the 
same  condition ;  and  both  series  are  arranged  together,  in  zoological 
order,  in  the  midst  of  the  general  collection.  There  is  no  evidence, 
however,  that  they  have  been  handled  since  the  Professor  left  them, 
none  of  the  leading  conchological  writers  in  the  New  World  having 
thought  it  needful  to  go  out  of  their  way  to  complete  a  review  of  the 
Professor's  work.  Amherst  is  situated  on  a  branch  railway,  and  is 
within  an  easy  walk  of  Northampton,  Mount  Holyoak,  and  the  deli- 
cious scenery  of  the  Connecticut  River.  In  the  College  buildings 
are  also  deposited  the  most  complete  series  of  the  Fossil  Footprints 
of  the  Connecticut  River,  and  the  mineralogical  collection  (including 
the  meteorolites)  belonging  to  Prof.  Shepnera. 

205 


c. 


DIAGNOSES 


OP 


NEW  FORMS  OF  MOLLUSKS  COLLECTED  AT  CAPE 
ST,  LUCAS  BY  MR,  J.  XANTUS. 


BY 
PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B.  A.,  PH.  D. 


From  the  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History.  Third  Series,  Vol. 
XIII.,  pp.  311-315,  April,  1864.  Ibid.  (Nos.  15-36)  pp.  474-479,  June, 
1864.  Ibid.  Vol.  XIV.  (Nos.  37-52),  pp.  45-49,  July,  1864. 


(   207   ) 


DIAGNOSES 

OP 

NEW  EOEMS   OP   MOLLUSKS 

COLLECTED  AT  CAPE  ST.  LUCAS  BY  MR.  J.  XANTU& 

BY 

PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B.A.,  Pn.D. 


THE  specimens  here  described  belong  to  the  Museum  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,  Washington,  D.  C.  The  first  available 
duplicates  will  be  found  in  the  British  Museum  or  in  the 
Cumingian  Collection.  An  account  of  the  labours  of  Mr.  Xantus 
will  appear  in  the  forthcoming  volume  of  British  Association 
Reports ;  and  detailed  notes  on  the  species  may  be  consulted  in 
the  American  scientific  periodicals  for  the  current  year. 

Genus  ASTHENOTH^ERUS*. 

Testa  extus  "Thracice"  similis :  intus   cardine  edentulo,    haud 
spathulato  ;  cartilagine  infra  umbones  sita. 

1.  Asthenoth&rus  villosior. 

A.  testa  insequivalvi,  insequilaterali,  umbonibus  ad  trientem  lon- 
gitudinis  sitis  ;  tenuissima,  alba,  (sub  lente)  omnino  minutissime 
et  creberrime  pustulosa ;  rugis  incrementi  obtusissimis,  irregulari- 
bus,  maxime  t.  juniore,  ornata ;  epidermide  tenui,  pallide  olivacea 
induta ;  parte  postica  truncata,  parum  hiante  ;  antica  valde  rotun- 
data ;  marginibus  dorsalibus  et  ventrali  parum  excurvatis ;  um- 
bonibus angustissimis ;  regionibus  lunulari  et  nymphali  subcari- 
natis :  intus,  margine  cardinal!  utriusque  valvse  acuto ;  ligamento 
inconspicuo  ;  cartilagine  subspongiosa,  satis  elongata,  postice  de- 
flecta ;  fovea  haud  indentata ;  cicatricibus  adductorum  parvis, 
subrotundatis ;  sinu  pallii  majore,  ovali,  ad  dimidium  interspatii 
porrecto.  Long.  -38,  lat.  -26,  alt.  '14  poll.f 

*  'A.cr6€i>r)s,  weak ;  Qaiobs,  hinge. 

f  The  measures  of  length  are  taken  from  the  anterior  to  the  posterior 
margins.     The  "  detailed  notes  "  are  still  in  MSS. 

14  209 


2  Dr.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  new  Forms  of  Mottuski 

2.  Solemya  volvulus. 

S.  testa  minore,  tenuissima,  diaphana,  vix  testacea,  cornea,  pallkliorn, 
imeis  tenuibus,  distantibus,  fuscis,  radiatim  ornata ;  postice  tenui* 
ter  radiatim  striata ;  tumente,  satis  elongata,  marginibus  antuo  et 
postico  regulariter  excurvatis ;  umbonibus  vix  conspicuis ;  line?& 
anticis  divaricantibus,  extus  parentibus,  intus  lacunam  cartila- 
gineam  definientibus ;  cardine  edentulo ;  ligamento  postice  elou- 
gato,  antice  curto,  latiore,  bifurcato ;  cicatricibus  adductorum 
subi  otundatis.  Long.  *85,  lat.  *25,  alt.  *14  poll. 

3.  Tellina  (Peronaoderma)  ochracea. 

T.  testa  majore,  parum  insequilaterali,  tenui,  satis  planata ;  carneo- 
ochracea,  intus  intensiore ;  Isevi,  nitida,  marginem  versus  striis 
increment!;  postice  vix  radiatim  striatula;  ventraliter  antice 
valde  excurvata,  postice  vix  angulata ;  marginibus  dorsalibus  ob- 
tuse angulatis,  umbonibus  conspicuis ;  ligamento  tenui  et  cartila- 
gine  subinternis  ;  nymphis  intortis  :  dent.  card,  utriusque  valvae  ii., 
quarum  i.  bifidus ;  dent.  lat.  valvse  dextrae  ii.;  siuu  pallii  irregula- 
riter  ovali,  per  duos  trientes  interstitii  porrecto ;  cicatr.  adduct. 
subovatis,  nitidissimis.  Long.  1'9,  lat.  1*4,  alt.  '44  poll. 

4.  Psammobia  (tAmphichana)  regularis. 

P.  testa  minore,  regulariter  ovali,  subaequilateraii ;  violacea,  plus 
minusve  radiata  seu  maculata ;  Isevi,  striolis  increment!  ornata  ; 
epidermide  tenui,  flavido-olivacea  induta,  postice  rugulosa ;  mar- 
ginibus undique  regulariter  excurvatis ;  umbonibus  vix  projectis  ; 
ligamento  conspicuo  :  intus  dent.  card,  ii.— i.,  baud  bifidis  ;  cicatr. 
adduct.  postica  rotundata,  antica  ovali ;  sinu  pallii  elongato,  baud 
incurvato,  per  duos  trientes  interstitii  porrecto.  Long.  1  '05,  lat.  'bv 
alt.  -26  poll. 

5.  Callista  pollicaris. 

C.  testa  magna,  ventricosa,  solidiore ;  epidermide  tenuissima  induta ; 
sordide  albida,  umbonibus  rufo-fuscis ;  (t.  adolescente)  punctulis 
crebris  rufo-fuscis,  et  tseniis  paucis  circa  nymphas  oruata ;  laevi, 
striis  increment!  exceptis ;  postice,  et  paululum  antice,  quasi  pol- 
lice  impresso  notata ;  latiore,  antice  producta,  sed  baud  angulata ; 
postice  unda  depressa,  supra  nymphas  radiante,  inter  costas  duaa 
obsoletas  sinuante,  margine  subtruncato ;  marginibus  ventrali 
rt-gulariter  excurvato,  dorsali  rectiore ;  lunula  elongata,  linea  iia- 
j»ressa  definita,  medio  tumente,  postice  flaccida  :  intus  Candida ; 
dent.  card,  normalibus ;  dente  laterali  valvse  dextrae  postico,  valvt\» 
sinistrse  antico,  usque  ad  extremitatem  lunulse  porrecto ;  cicatr. 
adduct.  subrotundatis ;  sinu  pallii  magno,  rotundato,  usque  ad 
medium  interstitii  porrecto.  Long.  2*58,  lat.  2*25,  alt.  T43  poll. 

Figured  by  Mr.  Reeve  (Conch,  f.  45)  as  "  Dione  prom,  var." 
The  above  diagnosis  proves  it  to  be  a  distinct  and  (ooMsulering 
the  general  similarity  of  the  thin,  colourless,  inflated  group)  a 
speciea. 

210 


collected  at  Cape  St.  Lucas.  3 

6.   (Jallista  (Tpannosa,  var.)  puella. 

C.. testa  "C.  pannos&'^simili,  sed  multo  minore,  tenuiore,  plerum- 
que  latiore  ;  sinu  pallii  majore,  eleganter  incurvato ;  dent,  card 
multo  tenuioribus,  lat.  ant.  magis  elongate ;  lamina  cardinal!  urn- 
bones  versus  sinuata :  colore  maxime  variante ;  nonnunquam  ut 
in  C.  pannosa  triangulariter  maculata  ;  plerumque  ut  in  Tapete 
virginea  notata  ;  interdum  albida,  seu  aurantia,  seu  fusca,  baud 
maculata  ;  rarius  ut  in  Tapete  fuscolineata  penicillata  ;  rarissini-2 
paucistrigata,  seu  maculis  paucissimis.  Long.  *66,  lat.  *5,  alt.  'J2 
poll. 

Variat  t.  transversa.  Variat  quoque  t.  subtrigona,  et  formis  inter* 
mediis. 

Quoted  by  Mr.  Reeve,  under  Dione  pannosa,  as  "  D.  puella, 
Cpr.";  but  the  name  was  only  given  in  MS.  in  accordance  with 
Mr.  Cam  ing's  assertion  that  it  was  distinct.  The  colourless  sub- 
trigonal  shells  were  regarded  by  Mr.  Reeve  as  a  separate  species ; 
but  he  did  not  allude  to  them  in  his  monograph. 

7.  Levicardium  apicinum. 

L.  testa  s»nbtrigona,  parva,  tenuissima,  nitidissima,  sub  com  press  a, 
epidern<>de  tenui  induta ;  radiis  seu  striis  radiantibus  nullis ;  striis 
concentfieis  satis  regularibus,  subobsoletis,  t.  jun.  magis  extant- 
bus  ;  umbonibus  angustis,  parum  incurvatis  ;  margine  ventrali 
satis  excurvato,  antico  parum  producto,  postico  subtruncato, 
dorsalibus  obtuse  angulatis :  colore  valde  variante ;  plerumque 
pallide  viridi-cinereo,  rufo-fusco  seu  angulatim  tseriiato  seu  macu- 
lato  seu  punctate ;  regione  umbonali  plerumque  pallida,  interdum 
rufo-fusca  seu  aurantiaca ;  parte  postica  baud  intensiore :  intus 
plerumque  citrina,  hepatico  varie  penicillata :  dent.  card,  et  lat. 
acutis,  tenuibus ;  margine  minutissime  subobsoletim  crenulato. 
Long.  *55,  lat.  *5,  alt.  -3  poll. 

Variat  t.  latiore.  Variat  quoque  colore  fere  omnino  hepatico,  seu 
carneo,  seu  pallide  aurantiaco,  seu  pallide  cinereo,  seu  albido  : 
rarissime  ut  in  Tapete  fuscolineata  oraata. 

8.  Lucina  lingualis. 

L.  testa  solida,  linguiformi,  valde  prolongata  ;  plerumque  aurantiaco- 
carnea,  intus  intensiore  ;  lirulis  concentricis  obtusis  crebre  ornata  ; 
marginibus  undique  excurvatis  ;  lunula  minima,  altissime  excavata; 
parte  postica  obscure  biangulata,  seu  subrotundata ;  umbonibus 
anticis  incurvatis;  ligamento  subinterno,  lamina  valid  a ;  dent, 
card,  et  lat.  normalibus,  validis ;  cicatr.  adduct.  posticis  subovali- 
bus,  anticis  satis  elongatis  ;  linea  pallii  lata,  rugosa  ;  margine  in- 
terno  crenulato.  Long.  -88,  lat.  '92,  alt.  '4  poll. 

Variat  t.  minus  prolongata.  Variat  quoque  t.  pallide  viridi,  seu  pal« 
lide  carnea,  seu  alba. 

9.  tCrenella  inflata. 

1C.  testa  yalde  inflata,   minuta,   albida,  subrhomboideo- orbicular? ; 

211 


4  Dr.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  new  Forms  of  Mollusks 

diagonaliter  parum  producta ;  marginibus  subquadrangulatim  ro- 
tundatis ;  umbonibus  prominentibus,  valde  antice  intortis  ;  tota 
superficie  ut  ia  C.  decussata  sculpta,  costulis  crebris  radiantibus 
sequidistantibus,  hie  et  illic  aliis  intercalatis ;  lirulis  concen- 
tricis  decussantibus  :  intus  margine  dorsali  brevissimo,  arcuato, 
dentato  ;  ligamento  curtissimo,  in  fossa  omnino  interna,  celata,  la- 
mina definiente,  sito ;  lamina  cardinali  sub  umbonibus  intus  por- 
recta,  dentibus  validis  instructa  ;  marginibus  internis  omnino  cre- 
natis  ;  cicatr.  adduct.  subsequalibus,  ventraliter  sitis.  Long.  *1, 
Int.  -12,  alt. -09  poll. 

Located  provisionally  in  Crenella  from  its  likeness  to  C.  de- 
cussata, but  with  peculiarities  of  hinge  and  adductors  which 
approach  Nuculina  on  one  side  and  Cardilia  on  another. 

Genus  BRYOPHILA*. 

Animal  Aviculidseum,  viviparum  :  inter  algas,  etc.,  habitans. 
Testa  Pinnaeformis,  extus  prismatica,  intus  subnacrea  :  ligamentura 
solidum  :  umbones  extantes,  terminates,  intus  concavi. 

10.  Bryophila  setosa. 

B.  testa  parva,  regulari ;  cinerea,  salmoneo  sen  chocolateo,  intus  sub- 
jiacreo,  exquisite  tincta :  t.  juniore  planata,  semirotundata,  dor- 
saliter  recta,  eequilaterali,  conspicue  punctata  :  t.  adolescente  sub- 
diaphana :  t.  adulta  solidiore ;  umbonibus  rectis,  terminalibus, 
intus  alte  excavatis  ;  marg.  dorsali  breviore,  recto ;  antico  recto  ; 
ventrali  et  postico  late  rotundatis :  extus  epidermide  subspongiosa 
v?stita,  radiis  setarum  subdistantibus,  marginibus  eleganter  pecti- 
natis  :  intus  ligamento  solido  dorsaliter  producto  ;  limbo  pallii 
eequaliter  prope  marginem  decurrente  ;  cicatr.  adduct.  subrnediana, 
inconspicua  ;  postice  hiante ;  antice  propter  byssum  tenuem  si- 
nuata.  Long.  -13,  lat.  '2,  alt.  '1  poll. 

Like  a  minute  Pinna,  or  a  transverse  Maryaritiphora  without 
eary,  or  an  Isognomon  without  pits.  Differs  from  the  other 
Aviculids  in  being  viviparous,  like  some  other  minute  bivalves. 

11.  tAtys  casta. 

tA.  testa  elongata,  tenui,  subdiaphana,  albida;  antrorsum  paulum 
tumidiore  ;  spira  celata,  lacunata,  (t.  adultse)  baud  urnbilicata ; 
columella  paulum  intorta,  effusa ;  umbilico  antico  minirno  ;  labro 
postice  producto,  obtuse  angulato ;  tota  superficie  subtiiiter  spira- 
liter  striatula.  Long.  *4,  lat.  -18  poll. 

On  the  confines  of  the  genus,  related  to  Cylichna. 

12.  Ischnochiton  parallelus. 

I.  testa  ovata,  subelevata  (ad  angulum  120°);  rufo-fusca,  olivaceo 
tincta ;  valvis  latis,  marginibus  parum  rotundatis,  interstitiis  par- 

*  Epvov,  sea-moss;  <pi\os,  loving. 

212 


collected  at  Cape  St.  Lucas.  5 

vis ;  ralvis  intermediis  valde  insculptis ;  areis  lateralibus  seriebus 
granulorum  ajugo  radiantibus  circitervi.;  interdum  irregularibus, 
granis  rotundatis,  separatis,  extantibus ;  areis  centralibus  clathris 
creberrimis,  jugo  parallels,  horridis,  extantibus,  interdum  granu- 
losis,  ornatis  ;  valvis  terminalibus  seriebus  granulorum,  circ.  xx., 
interdum  bifurcantibus,  ut  in  areis  lateralibus,  ornatis ;  mucrone 
vix  conspicuo ;  limbo  pallii  angusto,  pilulis  furvicaceis  creberrimis 
minutis  conferto ;  lobis  valvarum  bifidis,  terminalibus  fisc?  is 
circ.  xi.  a  parte  externa  simplici  disjunctis.  Long.  '7,  lat.  '48, 
alt.  -16  poll. 

Belongs  to  the  group  with  minute  setose  scales. 

13.  Ischnochiton  (?  var.)  prasinatus. 

I.  testa  J.  parallelo  forma  et  indole  simili,  sed  vivide  viridi ;  ar. 
diag.  seriebus  bullularum  ir;  egulariter  ornatis ;  ar.  centr.  clathria 
valde  extantibus,  acutis,  jugo  obtuso  paiallelis,  utroque  latere 
circ.  xvi. ;  valv.  term,  seriebus  bullularum  circ.  xviii. ;  mucrone 
submediano,  inconspicuo  ;  umbonibus  baud  prominentibus  ;  tota 
superficie  minutissime  granulosa :  intus  valvarum  lobis  mediarum 
i.-  term,  circiter  x.-fissis ;  sinu  lato,  planato ;  suturis  plauatis  ; 
limbo  pallii  angusto,  minutissime  squamulis  furvicaceis  creberrime 
instructo  ;  interdum  pilulis  intercalatis.  Long.  '8,  lat.  *4  poll., 
div.  125°. 

14.  Ischnochiton  serratus. 

I.  testa  parva,  cinerea,  olivaceo  hie  et  illic,  prsecipue  ad  suturas, 
punctata,  interdum  sanguineo  maculata  ;  ovali,  subdepressa,  suturis 
indistinctis  ;  tota  superficie  minutissime  granulata  ;  ar.  diag.  valde 
distinctis,  costis  latissimis  obtusis  ii.-v.  munitis,  interstitiis  nullis; 
marginibus  posticis  eleganter  serratis ;  ar.  centr.  costis  acutis, 
parallelis,  utroque  latere  circ.  xii. ;  jugo  obtuso,  hand  umboriato : 
costis  transversis,  subradiantibus,  fenestrantibus,  interstitiis  im- 
pressis  :  mucrone  mediano,  obtuso;  valv.  term,  costis  obtusis,  ut 
in  ar.  diag.,  circ.  xx. :  intus  valvarum  mediarum  lobis  bifissis, 
terminalium  circ.  ix.-fissis ;  lobis  suturalibus  magnis  :  1'mbo  pallii 
squamis  majoribus,  imbricatis,  vix  striatulis.  Long.  '34,  lat.  *2  poll., 
div.  115°. 

Differs  from  Elcnensis  in  the  sculpture  of  the  terminal  valves. 

15.  Nacella  peltoides. 

W.  testa  parva,  leevi,  cornea,  subdiaphana,  ancyliformi,  apice  elevato, 
valde  inaequilaterali,  strigis  pallide  castaneis  radiata  ;  intus  niti- 
dissima,  subaurantia.  Long.  '14,  lat.  '11,  alt.  '05  poll. 

=  Nacella.  sp.  ind.,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  262,  p.  202. 

16.  Acm&a  (?  var.)  atrata. 

A.  testa  solida,  rugosa,  conica,  apice  paulum  antrorsnm  sito  ;  extnfl 
costis  crebris  rotundatis  irregularibus,  hie  et  illic  majoribus 
sculpta,  baud  apicem  versus  discordanter  corrugatis ;  interstitiis 

213 


G  Dr.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  new  Forms  of  Mollush 

minimis ;   intus  alba,   castaneo  et  nigro  varie  maculata ;  margine 
latiore,  nigro  tessellato.     Long.  1*3,  lat.  TO,  alt.  *5  poll. 
Variat  margine  nigro-punctato,  punctis  plerumque  bifidis.     Variat 
quoque  costis  parvis,  creberrimis  ;  margine  nigro. 

Intermediate  between  "  P.  discors,"  Phil.,  and  "  P  floccata" 
Ileeve. 

17.  Acm&a  strigatella. 

A-  testa  A.  mesoleucce  simili,  sed  minore,  baud  viridi ;  striolis  miiii- 
mis,  confertissimis,  plerumque  erosis  tenuissime  sculpta ;  albitui, 
strigis  olivaceo-fuscis,  plerumque  radiantibus,  interdum  confluen- 
tibus  picta ;  apice  ssepius  nigro  ;  intus  albida,  margine  satis  lato, 
strigis  tessellato.  Long.  '9,  lat.  '74,  alt.  '3  poll. 

Variat  colore  hie  et  illic  aurantiaco  tincto  :  strigis  omnino  tessellatis. 

According  to  Darwin,  this  might  be  regarded  as  a  cross  be- 
tween the  northern  forms  A.pelta  and  A.  patina,  about  to  change 
into  the  Gulf  species,  A.  mesoleuca.  The  dark  variety  resembles 
A.  cantharus,  but  the  very  delicate  crowded  strias  well  distin- 
guish it  when  not  abraded. 

18.  Ghjphis  saturnalis. 

G.  testa  G.  inaquali  simili,  sed  minore,  latiore,  altiore,  tenuissime 
cancellata;  striis  radiantibus  plus  minusve  propinquis,  plus  mi- 
nusve  nodulosis  ;  fissura  prope  trientem  longitudinis  sita,  minima, 
lirieari,  medio  lobata ;  intus  callositate  albida,  truncata.  Long.  '38, 
lat.  -24,  alt.  -18  poll. 
The  minute  hole  resembles  the  telescopic  appearance  of  Satum 

when  the  rings  are  reduced  to  a  line. 

Subgenus  EUCOSMIA*. 

Testa  solida,  nitida,  variegata,  baud  nacrea :  apertura  et  anfractus 
rotundati :  conspieue  umbilicata :  peritrema  vix  continuum,  hand 
callosum. 

The  shells  here  grouped  are  like  small,  round-mouthed,  per- 
forated Phasianella.  The  animal  and  operculum  of  the  Cape 
St.  Lucas  species  are  unknown.  The  Phasianella  striulata,  Maz. 
Cat.  no.  283  b  (  =  Turbo  phasianella,  C.  B.  Ad.  Pan.  Sh.  no.  282), 
and  even  the  Lunatia  tenuilirata,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  572,  are  perhaps 
congeneric. 

19.  TZucosmia  variegata. 

E.  testa  parva,  Isevi,  turbinoidea,  nitente,  marginibus  spirse  vakle 
excurvatis ;  rosaceo  et  rufo-fusco  varie  maculata  ;  anfr.  nucleosis 
regularibus,  vertice  mamillato  ;  normalibus  iv.,  valde  tumentibus, 
rapide  augentibus,  sutnris  impressis  ;  anfr.  ultimo  antice  producto; 
oasi  rotuudata  ;  umbilico  carinato  ;  apertura  vix  a  pariete  iuden- 

*  Th.  cv,  well ;  Kocrp.ia}  adorned. 

214 


collected  at  Cape  St.  Lucas.  7 

tata;  peritremate  pene  continue,  acuto.    Long.  *1,  long.  spir.  '05, 
lat.  -07  poll.,  div.  70°. 
Variat  interdum  rugulis  increment!  ornata. 

20.  Eucosmia  (tvariegata,  var.)  substriata. 

E.  testa  E.  variegatae  simillima,  sed  anfr.  circa  basin  et  supra  spiram 
(nisi  in  anfr.  nucl.  Isevibus),  interdum  tota  superficie  tenuiter  et 
crebre  striatis ;  striis  anfr.  penult,  circ.  x. 

21.  Eucosmia  punctata. 

E.  testa  E.  vamegata  simili,  sed  multo  majore,  multo  magis  elon- 
gata,  angustiore,  Phasianelloidea ;  plerumque  fusco  creberrime 
punctata ;  umbilico  parvo.  Long.  *22,  long.  spir.  •  1 1,  lat.  •  1 5  poll., 
div.  50°. 

22.  Eucosmia  cyclostoma. 

E.  testa  parva,  valde  obtusa,  lata,  regulari,  valvatoidea  ;  marginibus 
spirae  vix  excurvatis ;  pallide  cinerea,  fusco-olivaceo  dense  punc- 
tata seu  maculata ;  anfr.  nucleosis  pallidis,  mamillatis  ;  normali- 
bus  iii.,  valde  tumentibus,  suturis  valde  impressis  ;  apertura  vix  a 
pariete  indentata  ;  umbilico  magno,  subspirali.  Long.  '05,  long, 
spir.  -025,  lat.  '05  poll.,  div.  90°. 

Curiously  like  a  small  depressed  Valvata  obtusa,  but  with  the 
texture  of  Phasianella. 

Genus  HAPLOCOCHLIAS*. 

Testa  Colloniam  simulans,  sed  baud  margaritacea :  apertura  circu- 
laris,  varicosa :  columella  baud  callosa. 

The  animal  and  operculum  are  unknown.  Its  affinities  may 
be  with  Ethalia. 

23.  Haplocochlias  cyclophoreus. 

H.  testa  compacta,  parva,  solidiore ;  albida,  seu  pallide  aurantiaca ; 
anfr.  v.,  rapide  augentibus,  suturis  impressis  ;  tota  superficie  mi- 
nutissime  spiraliter  striolata,  nitida  ;  apertura  rotundata ;  peri- 
tremate continue,  incrassato,  extus  varicoso  ;  labio  distincto  ;  axi 
t.  jun.  umbilicata,  adultse  lacunata.  Long.  '19,  long.  spir.  '06, 
lat.  -2  poll.,  div.  100°. 

When  laid  on  its  base,  this  shell  resembles  Helicina ;  but  the 
mouth  is  more  like  Cyclophorus.  The  young  shell  is  semi- 
transparent,  and  resembles  a  Vitrinella  with  thickened  lip. 

24.  Narica  aperta. 

N.  testa  parva,  inflata,  tenui,  alba ;  anfr.  nucl.  ? ;  norm,  rapide 

augentibus,  lirulis  crebris  spiralibus,  in  spira  hie  et  illic  majori- 
bus,  a  striolis  creberrimis  radiantibus  minutissime  decussatis ; 
Suturis  valde  impressis ;  apertura  subcirculari ;  umbilico  maximo, 

*  TA.  dTrXovs,  unadorned  j  Ko^X/a?,  snail. 
215 


8  Dr.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  new  Forms  of  Mollusks 

carinato,  anfractus  intus  monstrante.     Long.  '28,  long.  spir.  '08, 
lat.  -Spoil.,  div.  110°. 

25 .  Fossarus  parcipictus. 

F.  testa  parva,  solidiore,  spira  plus  minusve  elevata;  albida,  rufo- 
fusco  varie  maculata  ;  carinulis  spiralibus  acutioribus,  quarum 
circ.  vi.  majpres,  striolisque  crebris  cincta  ;  anfr.  ultimo  tumidiore  ; 
labro  acuto,  baud  intus  incrassato ;  umbilico  satis  magno,  ad  mar- 
ginem  carinato  :  operculo  normali.  Long.  '24,  long.  spir.  '06, 
iat.  -2  poll.,  div.  90°. 

The  few  specimens  found  are  very  variable  in  outline. 

26.  Fossarus  purus. 

F.  testa  F.  angulato  simili,  sed  alba,  subdiapbana;  anfr.  nucl.  ii., 
fuscis,  ut  in  F.  tuberoso  cancellatis  ;  norm.  ii.  et  dimidio,  altis, 
valde  tumentibus,  carinatis ;  carinis  iv.,  validissimis,  acutissimis, 
quarum  ii.  in  spira  monstrantur ;  carinulis  aliis  antice  et  postice 
plus  minusve  expressis ;  tota  superficie  minute  spiraliter  striata  ; 
carinularum  basalium  interstitiis  subobsolete  decussatis ;  apertura 
late  semilunata ;  labro  a  carinis  valde  indentato ;  labio  recto,  an- 
gusto  ;  umbilico  magno,  carinato  ;  operculo  fusco,  valde  pauci- 
spirali,  minutissime  ruguloso,  nucleo  antico.  Long.  *08,  long, 
spir.  -03,  lat.  '08  poll.,  div.  90°. 

27.  Litorina  pullata. 

L.  testa  parva,  solidiore,  luctuosa ;  spira  satis  exserta  ;  nigrescente, 
seu  livido-fusco  tincta,  lineis  spiralibus  exilissimis  pallidioribus  or- 
nata ;  interdum  obscure  tessellata ;  anfr.  v.,  'subplanatis,  suturis 
parum  impressis ;  sublaevi,  striolis  spiralibus  termiter  insculpta ;  co- 
lumella  intus  incrassata ;  pariete  baud  excavato.  Long.  '4,  long, 
spir.  -18,  lat.  '29  poll.,  div.  60°. 

=  Litorina,  sp.  ind.,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  399,  p.  350. 

28.  Litorina  (Philippn,  var.)  penicillata. 

L.  Ph.  testa  parva,  lineis  radiantibus,  variantibus,  delicatulis,  rarius 
ziczacformibus,  et  cingulis  duobus  spiralibus,  quorum  unum  in 
spira  monstratur,  elegantissime  penicillata.  Long.  '33,  long, 
spir.  -14,  lat.  '2  poll.,  div.  50°. 

Closely  resembling  the  West-Indian  L.  ziczac,  var.  lineata, 
D'Orb.  Intermediate  specimens,  however,  clearly  connect  it 
with  the  common  Mazatlan  form. 

29.  Rissoa  albolirata. 

R.  testa  parva,  alba,  crystallina,  normali;  marginibus  spirae  undatis; 
anfr.  nucl.  iii.,  Isevibus,  mamillatis  ;  norm,  iv.,  medio  subconvexis, 
postice  supra  suturas  planatis ;  basi  subplanata,  effusa,  baud  um- 
bilicata  ;  lirulis  spiralibus  crebris,  obtusis,  quarum  circ.  x.  in  spira 
monstrantur ;  apertura  subovata,  peritremate  continue ;  labro 

216 


Dr.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  new  Forms  of  Mollusks.  9 

nrcuato,    vix    antice   et   postice   sinuato,    calloso ;    labio   valido. 
Long.  •!,  long.  spir.  *08,  lat.  *04  poll.,  div.  25°. 

30.  Fenella  crystalline*. 

F.  testa  alba,  subcliaphana,  turrita,  rudiore ;  marginibus  spirse  rectis, 
parurn  divergentibus  ;  anfr.  nucl.  ?.. .  (decollatis)  ;  norm,  v.,  valde 
rotundatis,  suturis  impressis  ;  costis  radiantibus  circ.  xvi..  valde 
rotundatis,  haud  extantibus,  interstitiis  latis ;  striis  spiralibus 
regularibus,  in  anfr.  penult,  xvi. ;  apertura  rotundata ;  basi  ro- 
tundata ;  peritremate  continue ;  labro  extus  varicoso  ;  labio  cal- 
loso. Long.  '14,  long.  spir.  •!!,  lat.  -05  poll.,  div.  20°. 

31.  ?  Hydrobia  compacta. 

tH.  testa  Isevi,  curta,  compacta,  latiore ;  marginibus  spirse  vix  ex- 
curvatis  ;  anfr.  nucl.  normalibus,  apice  mamillato  ;  norm,  iv.,  tu- 
midis,  suturis  distinctis  ;  spira  curtiore  ;  basi  rotundata  ;  apertura 
subovata  ;  peritremate  continuo  ;  labio  definito.  Long.  *04,  long, 
spir.  -02,  lat.  '03  poll.,  div.  70°. 

This  unique  shell  may  be  a  Barleeia. 

32.  Hyala  rotundata, 

II.  testa  (quoad  genus)  magna,  tenui,  alba,  diaphana ;  anfr.  nucl. 
normalibus,  apice  mamillato ;  norm,  iv.,  globosis,  rapide  augenti- 
bus,  suturis  valde  impressis  ;  basi  rotundata  ;  apertura  subrotun- 
data,  ad  suturam  subangulata ;  peritremate  continuo ;  labio  a 
pariete  separate,  rimulam  umbilicalem  formante  ;  columella  valde 
arcuata.  Long.  '18,  long.  spir.  '09,  lat.  '1  poll.,  div.  40°. 

A  unique  shell,  resembling  a  marine  Bithinia. 

33.  Wiala  electrina. 

?D.  testa  subdiaphana,  rufo-cornea,  nitida;  marginibus  spirse  parum 
excurvatis ;  vertice  nucleoso,  helicoideo ;  anfr.  iii.,  tumidis,  suturis 
haud  impressis,  apice  magno  mamillato;  anfr.  norm,  iii.,  subplanatis, 
suturis  distinctis ;  sculptura  haud  expressa ;  tota  superficie  cos- 
tulis  obscuris,  latis,  spiralibus,  quarum  vi.-viii.  in  spira  monstran- 
tur,  et  iii.-v.  circa  basim  rotundatam,  interdum  obsoletis,  cincta ; 
costulis  radiantibus  circ.  xviii.,  subobsoletis ;  apertura  regulariter 
ovata,  ad  suturam  angulata,  peritremate  continuo  ;  basi  haud  um- 
'bilicata ;  columella  regulariter  arcuata.  Long.  *09,  long.  spir.  *07, 
lat.  -03  poll.,  div.  30°. 

34.  Acirsa  Menesthoides. 

A.  testa  nitida,  turrita,  majore,  solidiore,  pallide  fusca  ;  anfr.  nucl, 
laevibus ;  norm,  vi.,  subplanatis,  suturis  distinctis  ;  lineis  crebris 
spiralibus  insculpta,  quarum  circ.  viii.  in  spira  monstrantur ;  testa 
adolescente  lirulis  radiantibus  obsoletis  decussata ;  apertura  sub- 
ovali;  columella  solida,  irnperforata.  Long.  '42,  long.  spir.  -tf, 
lat.  -16  poll.,  div.  25°. 

217 


10  Dr.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  new  Forms  of  Mollusks 

35.   Cythnia  asteriaphila. 

C.  testa  C.  tumenfi  simillima,  sed  umbilico  minore,  baud  carinato , 
tenuissima,  diaphana  ;  anfr.  iv.,  tumidis  ;  vert.  nucl.  normali,  baud 
stylineo,  apice  mamillato  :  operculo  tenuissimo,  elementis  concen- 
tricis,    nucleo   subrnediano    sinistrorsum   sito.     Long.  *03,  long. 
spir.  -015,  lat.  -025  poll.,  div.  60°. 

A  solitary  specimen  was  found  by  Dr.  Stimpson,  imbedded  in 
a  star-fish,  like  Sty  Una ;  from  which  genus  the  vertex  and  oper- 
culum  distinguish  it. 

36.  Bittium  nitens. 

B.  testa  regulari,  rufo-fusca,  hie  et  illic  pallida,  maxime  nitente ; 
anfr.  nucl.  iii.,  laevibus,  tumidis,  apice  submamillato,  subdeclivi ; 
norm,  vi.,  tumidis,  suturis  impressis  ;  costis  radiantibus  circ.  xiv., 
haud  contiguis,  angustis,  interstitiis  undatis  ;  costulis  rotundatis, 
spiralibus,  in  spira  iv.,  quarum  postica  multo  minor,  supercur- 
rentibus,  ad  intersectiones  subnodosis  ;   costulis  circa  basim  sub- 
rotundatam  iv.,  haud  decussatis  ;  apertura  subquadrata  ;  columella 
haud  truncata,  obtuse  angulata ;  labro  acuto,  a  costulis  indentato ; 
labio  inconspicuo.   Long.  -21,  long.  spir.  -16,  lat.  -Od  poll.,  div.  20°. 

37.  Manyelia  subdiaphana. 

M.  testa  parva,  subdiaphana,  albida,  interdum  rufo-fusco  pallide 
tincta ;  satis  turrita,  marginibus  spirse  parum  excurvatis ;  anfr. 
nucleosis  iii.,  leevibus,  diaphanis,  apice  marnillato ;  norm,  iv.,  satis 
excurvatis,  haud  angulatis,  suturis  impressis  ;  fascia  super  spiram 
pallide  fusca,  alteraque  Candida  contigua ;  costulis  radiantibus 
xiv.-xviii.,  acutis,  subrectis,  distantibus,  interstitiis  undatis ;  tota 
superficie  minute  et  creberrime  spiraliter  striata ;  basi  producta, 
striis  magis  expressis ;  apertura  subelongata  ;  labro  ad  dorsum 
incrassato,  postice  distincte  emarginato,  intus  haud  dentato  ;  labio 
tenuissimo;  columella  recta,  antice  late  canaliculata.  Long.  '19, 
long.  spir.  •!,  lat.  '06  poll.,  div.  30°. 

38.  Drillia  appressa. 

D.  testa  parva,  compacta ;  rufo-fusca,  interdum  supra  costas  palli- 
diore;   marginibus  spirse  excurvatis;  anfr.  norm,   vi.,   planatis, 
suturis  indistinctis  ;  costis  tuberculosis  radiantibus  circ.  xiv.,  antice 
et  postice  obsoletis;  striolis  spiralibus  creberrimis ;  costa  spirali 
irregulari  postica,  tuberculosa,  super  suturas  appressa ;  area  sinus 
parvi  vix  definita ;  basi  satis  prolongata ;  apertura  subquadrata  ; 
labio  distincto.     Long.  '3,  long.  spir.  '17,  lat.  *12  poll.,  div.  40°. 

39.   Cithara  fusconotata. 

C.  testa  parva,  satis  turrita,  tenui,  albida ;  postice  linea,  seu  serie 
macularum,  rufo-fusca,  interdum  altera  peripheriali  ornata ;  mar- 
ginibus spirse  rectioribus;  anfr.  nucl.  ii.,  rotundatis,  apice  mamil- 
lato;  norm,  vi.,  in  spira  rotundatis,  suturis  impressis;  basi  satis 
rotundata;  costis  radiantibus  circ.  ix.,  acutis,  distantibus,  antice 

218 


collected  at  Cope  St.  Lucas.  11 

et  postice  subobsoletis ;  tota  superficie  spiraliter  sulcata,  sulculis 
subdistantibus,  undatis,  costas  superantibus ;  apertura  subovali, 
satis  elongata,  postice  valde  sinuata ;  labro  acuto,  dorsaliter  costu- 
lato,  intus  baud  dentato  ;  labio  tenui.  Long.  '36,  long.  spir.  -18, 
lat.  -16  poll.,  div.  40°. 

40.   Obeliscus  variegatus. 

O.  testa  0.  hastato  simili ;  nitidissima,  striolis  increment!  exilissiirus  ; 
livido  et  castaneo  varie  nebulosa ;  prope  suturam  canaliculatam 
lineis  albidis  picta ;  hie  et  illic  callositate  alba  interna  ;  peripberin 
circa  basin  insculpta,  unicolore ;  columella  truncata,  triplicata  ; 
plica  superiore  acuta,  exstante,  circa  basim  continua ;  plicis  anticis 
parvis,  spiralibus.  Long.  '44,  long.  spir.  *3,  lat.  -15  poll.,  div.  23°. 

41.   Odostomia  (Evaled)  aquisculpta. 

0.  testa  parva,  ovoidea,  alba,  subdiapbanaj  marginibus  spirse  sub- 
rectis ;  vert.  nucl.  ?. .  . . ,  normaliter  truncate  ;  anfr.  norm,  iv., 
parum  arcuatis,  snturis  impressis ;  tota  superficie  costulis  spirali- 
bus circ.  xiv.,  quarum  vi.  in  spira  monstrantur,  latis,  planatis, 
sequidistantibus ;  interstitiis  parvis;  basi  rotundata ;  apertura 
ovata;  peritremate  baud  continue  ;  labro  acuto  ;  labio  subobsoleto  ; 
plica  juxta  parietem  conspicua,  acuta,  transversa  ;  columella  arcuata, 
rimulam  umbilicalem  formante.  Long.  '07,  long.  spir.  '04,  lat, 
•03  poll.,  div.  40°. 

42.   Odostomia  (Evaled)  delicatula. 

O.  testa  tenuissima,  alba,  diaphana,  nitente,  elongata;  margira- 
bus  spirse  eleganter  excurvatis  ;  vert.  nucl.  leevi,  globoso,  decli- 
viter  immerso  ;  anfr.  norm,  iii.,  subplanatis,  suturis  impressis  ; 
liris  subacutis,  spiralibus,  quarum  v.  in  spira  monstrantur ;  inter- 
stitiis latis,  undatis,  creberrime  decussatis  ;  basi  elongata ;  aper- 
tura oblonga,  peritremate  baud  continuo  ;  labro  tenui ;  labio  vix 
conspicuo ;  plica  juxta  parietem  exstante,  declivi.  Long.  '075, 
long.  spir.  '04,  lat.  '03  poll.,  div.  30°. 

43.  Chrysallida  angusta. 

C.  testa  parva,  satis  elongata,  nitida,  alba,  sculptura  minus  expressa; 
marginibus  spirse  parum  excurvatis ;  vert.  nucl.  parvo,  subito 
immerso,  dimidium  truncations  tegente  ;  anfr.  norm,  v.,  planatis, 
elongatis,  suturis  minus  impressis ;  costis  radiantibus  circ.  xiii., 
plerumque  lineis  continuis  marginibus  utrinque  parallelis,  circa 
basim  productam  obsoletis ;  lirulis  spiralibus  angustis,  in  spira 
circ.  v.,  interstitiis  decussantibus,  supra  costas  baud  nodulosis ; 
apertura  ovali ;  peritremate  parum  continuo ;  labro  tenui,  trarxs- 
lucido ;  labio  tenui ;  plica  juxta  parietem  parva,  obtusa.  Long. 
•095,  long.  spir.  '065,  lat.  '028  poll.,  div.  20°. 

44.  Eulima  fascostrigata. 

E.  testa  minore,  gracillima,  albida,  striga  latiore  rufo-fusca  supra 

219 


12  Dr.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  new  Forms  of  Mollusks 

peripheriam  ornata ;  basi  quoque  rufo-fusca,  valde  prolongata, 
regulariter  excurvata;  anfr.  nucl.  ii.,  tumidioribus ;  norm,  viii., 
planatis,  suturis  baud  conspicuis  ;  varicibus  nullis  ;  apertura  valde 
elongata  ;  labro  vix  sinuate ;  labio  vix  calloso.  Long.  '17,  long. 
spir.  -12,  lat.  -05  poll.,  div.  20°. 

45.   Opalia  crenatoides. 
0.  testa  turrita,  alba,  marginibus  spirae  rectis;  anfr.  nucl.?, 


%  norm,  vi.,  compactis,  attingentibus  ;  costis  radiantibus  circ.  x.,  in 
spira  plerumque  obsoletis,  ultimo  anfractu  validioribus,  latis,  baud 
exstantibus,  attingentibus,  spiram  lineis  fere  rectis  ascendentibus  ; 
suturis  inter  costas  altissime  indentatis  ;  carina  obtusa  basali,  su- 
turee  continua ;  inter  costas  radiantes  undique,  ut  in  suturis,  iu- 
dentata  ;  costis  interdum,  propter  lirulas  spirales  subobsoletas,  sub- 
nodosis  ;  columella  baud  umbilicata  ;  basi  antice  leevi.  Long.  '54, 
long.  spir.  -38,  lat.  '23  poll.,  div.  30°. 

Additional  specimens  may  connect  tbis  with  tbe  Portuguese 
0.  crenata. 

46.   Truncaria  eurytoides. 

T.  testa  parva,  turrita,  gracili ;  albida,  ssepius  fascia  circa  peripberiam 
maculis  fusco-aurantiacis  picta  ;  anfr.  nucl.  mamillatis,  laevibus  ; 
norm,  v.,  effusis,  subplanatis,  ultimo  paulum  constricto  ;  costulis 
radiantibus  circ.  xx.,  aperturam  versus  evanidis ;  apertura  sub- 
quadrata ;  labro  baud  incrassato,  interdum  intus  subtiliter  striato, 
baud  dentato ;  labio  appresso ;  columella  abrupte  truncata. 
Long.  -3,  long.  spir.  '2,  lat.  -11  poll.,  div.  23°. 

Variat  basi  fusco  tincta,  seu  tota  superficie  ut  in  Nitidella  cribraria 
picta. 

47.  Sistrum  (?  ochrostoma,  var.)  rufonotatum. 

8.  testa  S.  ochrostomati  simili,  sed  minore,  angustiore,  vix  tabulata ; 
alba,  linea  punctorum  rufo-fuscorum  subperipberiali,  interdum 
lineis  spiralibus,  interdum  ejusdem  coloris  maculis,  ornata ;  vert, 
nucl.  mamillato,  anfr.  iii.,  Isevibus,  vix  tumidis ;  norm,  v.,  plus 
minusve  elongatis,  in  medio  nodoso-angulatis,  postice  planatis, 
suturis  ad  angulum  valde  obtusum  conspicuis  ;  seriebus  nodulorum 
spiralibus  iii.,  quarum  postica  major,  secundum  costas  radiantes 
obsoletas  circ.  vi.-viii.  ordinatis ;  seriebus  anticis  inconspicuis  ii. ; 
interdum  costulis  spiralibus  intercalatis ;  canali  brevi,  rectiore, 
aperto,  angusto ;  apertura  subovali,  vix  subquadrata,  intus  pallide 
aurantiaca ;  labro  acutiore,  dorsaliter  subvaricoso,  postice  ssepe 
sinuato,  intus  obscure  vi. -dentato  ;  labio  conspicuo,  interdum  ex- 
stante.  Long.  '5,  long.  spir.  "23,  lat.  '32  poll.,  div.  60°. 

Variat  testa  obesa,  nodulis  validis.  Variat  quoque  testa  acuminata, 
nodulis  subobsoletis.  Long.  '52,  long.  spir.  '23,  lat.  '25  poll., 
div.  42°. 

48.  INitidella  millepunctata. 

IN.  testa  parva,  nitida,  livida ;  spira  exstante,  anfractibus  subpla- 
natis, suturis  distinctis  ;  anfr.  nucl.  Isevibus,  adolescentibus  obso- 

220 


collected  at  Cape  St.  Lucas.  13 

lete  radiatim  lirulatis,  adultis  Isevibus ;  zona  alba  postica,  suturam 
attingente,  aurantiaco  maculata  ;  tota  praeter  zonam  superficie  au- 
rantiaco puncticulata,  punctis  minimis,  creberrimis,  in  quincunces 
dispositis  ;  apertura  subquadrata ;  labro  incrassato,  intus  vi.-den- 
tato;  labio  exstante,  a  lirulis  circa  basim  spiralibus  indentato. 
Long.  -3,  long.  spir.  '17,  lat.  '15  poll.,  div.  40°. 

Differs  from  Columbella  albuginosa,  Eve.,  in  its  peculiar  and 
constant  painting. 

49.  tNitidella  densilineata. 

'IN.  testa  IN.  millepunctatam  forma  et  indole  simulante,  sed  omnino 
nitida,  anfractibus  planatis,  suturis  indistinctis,  striolis  circa  basim 
minimis ;  livida,  lineolis  aurantiaco-fuscis  divaricatis,  ssepe  ziczac- 
formibus,  densissime  signata.  Long.  P25,  long.  spir.  '15,  lat.  *1 
poll.,  div.  35°. 

The  opercula  of  these  two  species  being  unknown,  tbeir 
generic  position  remains  doubtful.  The  same  is  true  of  the  two 
following. 

50.  ?Anachis  tincta. 

1A.  testa  parva,  turrita,  albida,  rufo- aurantiaco  supra  costas  tincta  ; 
anfr.  nucl.  laevibus ;  norm,  iv.-v.,  subplanatis,  suturis  \alde  im- 
pressis ;  costulis  x.  radiantibus,  et  liris  spiralibus  transeuntibus, 
in  spira  iii.  supra  costas  conspicuis,  unaque  in  sutura,  dense  in- 
sculpta;  interstitiis  alte  caelatis ;  apertura  subquadrata;  labro  in 
medio  incrassato.  Long.  *19,  long.  spir.  '12,  lat.  *08  poll., 
div.  30°. 

5 1 .  tAnachis  fuscostrigata. 

1A.  testa  parva,  turrita,  livida,  nitida  ;  zonis  rufo-fuscis,  subspiralibus, 
in  spira  circ.  iii.,  interdum,  maxirne  ad  basim,  confluentibus,  con- 
spicue  cincta ;  lirulis  radiantibus  subobsoletis,  circ.  x.,  prope  su- 
turarn  se  monstrantibus  ;  apertura  subquadrata.  Long.  *13,  long, 
spir.  -095,  lat.  -045  poll.,  div.  20°. 

52.  Pisania  elata. 

P.  testa  minore,  valde  turrita,  Latiroidea  ;  alba,  rufo-fusco  antice  et 
postice  varie  maculata  seu  strigata;  anfr.  nucl.  ?. .  . .  ;  norm,  vi., 
convexis,  suturis  impressis ;  costis  radiantibus  vi.-viii.,  obtusis, 
interstitiis  undatis  ;  lirulis  spiralibus  distantibus,  in  spira  plerum- 
que  iii.,  aliis  minoribus  intercalantibus ;  canali  angusto,  sub- 
recurvato  ;  apertura  subovata  ;  pariete  postice  dentata  ;  columell? 
parum  contorta.  Long.  "68,  long.  spir.  "37,  lat.  *29  poll.,  div.  38° 

221 


D. 


CONTRIBUTIONS 


TOWARDS  A 


MONOGRAPH  OF  THE 


BY 
PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B.  A.,  PH.  D. 


From  the  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London,  pp.  596-603, 
November  22,  1864. 


(  223  ) 


CONTRIBUTIONS  TOWARDS  A  M  ONOGR  VPH  OF  THE  PANDORIDJB. 
BY  PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B.A.,  Pn.D. 

IT  is  remarkable  that,  notwithstanding  the  zeal  with  which  most  of 
the  old  genera  have  been  divided,  to  meet  the  wants  of  modern  rr.ala- 
cology,  the  genus  Pandora,  Lam.,  has  been  left  untouched  by  Dr. 
Gray,  Messrs.  Adams,  and  their  follower,  Chenu.  Yet  the  species 
known  to  the  elder  Sowerby  present  three  distinct  types  of  hinge, 
which  were  well  figured  by  him  in  his  '  Conchological  Illustrations.* 
Specimens  and  even  species  of  Pandora  (except  of  the  well-known 
N.  Atlantic  forms)  being  very  rarely  seen  in  collections,  it  is  pre- 
sumed that  naturalists  have  had  but  few  opportunities  of  studying 
them.  Mr.  Cuming  having  most  kindly  allowed  me  to  examine  the 
hinge  of  all  the  species  in  his  collection,  it  has  appeared  desirable  to 
propose  two  new  genera,  and  also  to  group  part  of  the  typical  species 
under  a  subgenus. 

It  was  at  one  time  thought  that  the  presence  of  an  ossicle  in  the 
cartilage  was  a  family  mark  of  inatinidcc,  to  which  Myadora  from 
Pandoridce,  and  Tellimya  from  Kelliada,  were  consequently  removed. 
One  of  the  new  genera  of  Pandorids,  however,  possesses  a  well-deve- 
loped ossicle ;  and  a  small  one  is  seen  even  in  some  species  of  the 
normal  genus. 

The  most  highly  organized  structure  in  the  family  is  found  in  the 
North  American  genus  Clidiophora,  which  has  both  clavicle*  and 
ossicle  ;  the  next  is  the  East- Indian  group  Ccelodon,  which  wants 
both  clavicle  and  ossicle,  but  possesses  a  tent-shaped  dentition  in  the 
left  valve.  The  simplest  form  is  the  well-known  Pandora,  which 
has  neither  clavicle,  tent,  nor  ossicle  ;  but  in  the  subgenus  Kennerlia 
the  ossicle  is  present.  The  genus  Myodora  is  quite  distinct,  but 
connected  with  Pandora  through  Kennerlia. 

Genus  CLiDiopnoRAf. 

Testa  Pandoriformis,  ventraliter  expansa;  valva  dextra  tridentafa, 
dente  postico  elonyato  ;  valva  sinistra  scepius  bidentata,  dente 
antico  simplici ;  cartilogine  ossiculo  frmata  ;  sinu  pallii  nullo. 

1 .  Type,  CLIDIOPHORA  CLAVICULATA,  Cpr.  (Pandora  cl.)  P.Z.S. 
1855,  p.  228. 

*  The  word  "  clavicle  "  is  used  (in  default  of  a  better)  to  denote  a  linear  dental 
process  running  into  the  body  of  the  shell,  often  serving  as  a  support  to  the  car. 
dinal  plate,  as  in  Anatina  and  some  species  of  Placunomia. 

t  Tli.  K\ciFiov,  a  clavicle ;  0ecpu>. 

15  225 


In  the  dentition  of  the  right  valve  this  genus  resembles  Ccelodon, 
except  that  the  posterior  lamina  is  greatly  developed,  resembling  a 
clavicle.  The  left  valve  wants  the  central  tooth  and  chamber  of  that 
genus.  This  structural  deficiency,  however,  is  compensated  by  the 
development  of  an  ossicle  in  the  long  cartilage.  As  far  as  is  known, 
all  the  species  are  from  North  and  Central  America,  and  are  swollen 
ventrally. 

2.  CLIDIOPHORA  CRISTATA. 

C.  t.  securiformi,  minus  transversa,  tenui,  subplanata ;  umboni- 
bus  ad  -J  longitudinis  sitis ;  ventraliter  maxime  excurvata  ; 
marginibus  dorsalibus,  post,  maxime  incurvato,  ant.  hie  et  illic 
alulis  triangularibus  cristato  :  intus  marginibus  posticis  utra- 
que  in  valva  erectis :  v.  dextr.  dente  postico  satis  lonyo,  cica- 
trice adductoris  tenus  hand  porrecto  ;  dente  centrali  extante  ; 
dente  antico  a  margine  separato,  usque  ad  cic.  anticam  porrecto, 
hand  extante :  v.  sinistr.  dente  post,  bijido,  haud  extante,  al- 
terum  recipiente,  fossa  cartilaginea  contigua  ;  d.  centr.  nullo  ; 
d.  ant.  satis  extante,  usque  ad  cicatr.  anticam  porrecto  ;  linea 
palJiari  a  margine  valde  remota,  regulariter  in  puncta  divisa  ; 
radiis  ab  umbonibus  usque  ad  puncta  conspicuis,  cequalibus ; 
ossiculo  tenui,  elongate. 
Long.  1-0,  lat.  '6,  alt.  -1  poll. 

Hab.  in  sinu  Californiensi ;  legit  Conway  Shipley  diligentissimus; 
sp.  un.  in  Museo  Cumingiano. 

This  species  is  known  from  C.  claviculata  by  the  much  greater 
posterior  curvature  of  the  beaks,  and  anteriorly  by  the  beautiful  tri- 
angular wing-like  serrations  of  the  margin,  in  which  it  resembles 
Teliidora  burneti.  The  inside  has  elegant  rays  from  the  umbo  to 
the  dotted  pallial  line. 

3.  CLIDIOPHORA  TABACEA,  Meusch.  (Mus.  Gron.). 

Specimens  under  this  specific  name  are  preserved  in  the  Cumingian 
collection. 

3  a.  CLIDIOPHORA  TRILINEATA,  Say  (Pandora  tr.),  Hani.  Rec. 
Shells,  p.  49. 

3  b.  CLIDIOPHORA  NASUTA,  Sby.  (Pandora  n.),  Sp.  Conch,  f. 
18,  19. 

It  is  probable  that  these  are  simply  varietal  forms  of  the  well-known 
New  England  species.  Say's  name  and  Sowerby's  excellent  figure 
prove  that  the  peculiar  hinge  of  the  genus  was  observed  by  both 
authors.  Mr.  Cuming  gives  "  Philippines  "  as  the  habitat  of  his 
specimens  of  C.  nasuta,  prob.ibly  in  error.  Mr.  Hanley  quotes  it  as  a 
synonym  of  C.  trilineata.  An  examination  of  a  large  series  from  Staten 
Island  proves  that  the  outline  varies  considerably.  The  tablet  in 
the  Nuttallian  collection  at  the  British  Museum,  marked  Pandora 
punctata3  belongs  to  this  species.  Young  shells,  when  quite  perfect, 

226 


display  faint  radiating  grooves  on  the  prismatic  layer  of  the  flat  valve, 
as  in  Kennerlia. 

4.  CLIDTOPHORA  PUNCTATA,  Conr. 

Thrs  very  rare  species  was  only  known  in  England  by  worn  left 
valves  in  the  British  Museum,  and  in  Mr.  Cuming's  and  Mr.  Hanley's 
collections.  The  first  perfect  specimens  were  dredged  by  Dr.  J.  G. 
Cooper  (Zoologist  to  the  Californian  State  Survey)  at  San  Pedro. 
A  young  shell,  sent  by  him  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  displays 
a  dentition  agreeing  in  the  main  with  C.  trilineata.  In  the  flat 
valve,  the  central  and  anterior  teeth  are  close  together  and  nearly 
parallel ;  the  anterior  short,  nearly  obsolete  ;  the  middle  long  and 
sharp,  corresponding  with  the  long,  sharp  tooth  in  the  convex  valve, 
which  points  to  the  outside  of  the  anterior  scar,  instead  of  to  the 
middle,  as  in  G.  trilineata.  The  (posterior)  clavicle-tooth  in  the  fiat 
valve  is  longer  than  in  the  Eastern  species,  with  the  cartilage  on  it 
for  two-fifths  of  the  length.  In  C.  trilineata  it  lies  by  the  side,  nearly 
the  whole  way.  The  posterior  margin  of  the  convex  valve  fits  between 
the  clavicle  and  the  margin  of  the  fiat  valve.  The  ossicle  is  remark- 
ably long  and  thin.  The  punctures  are  extremely  conspicuous  even 
in  this  young,  transparent,  and  papyraceous  specimen  ;  and,  what  is 
more  peculiar,  the  dried  remains  of  the  animal  are  covered  with 
minute  pearl-shaped  grains  of  shelly  matter  corresponding  with  them. 

4  a.  CLIDIOPHORA  DEPRESSA,  Sby.,=Pandora  d.,  Sp.  Conch,  f. 
11,  12  ;  Hani.  Rec.  Shells,  p.  49. 

The  "posterior"  dilated  side  of  Sowcrby  is  the  " anterior''  of 
Hanley.  The  species  was  constituted  from  a  "  very  few  specimens, 
all  of  them  much  worn  down,  as  if  they  had  been  used  as  ornaments." 
The  hinge  therefore  may  not  have  been  accurately  observed.  They 
were  part  of  the  Humphrey  collection,  and  perhaps  from  the  Califor- 
nian region.  Judging  from  the  shape  (for  no  type  has  been  disco- 
vered), it  may  be  identical  with  C.  punctata,  Conr. 

5.  CLIDIOPHORA  ACUTEDENTATA  (vice  C.  B.  Ad.). 

C.  t.  parum  "  elongata,  ovata  ;  parte  postica  "  hand  rostruta, 
latiortyobtusa;  "  margine  dorsali  "  postico  "subrecto;  margins 
ventrali  rotundato"  hand  tumente ;  parte  antica  curtiore ; 
"  umbombus  sul&yaaltter  subconvexis,  itmbone  dextro  postice 
anaulato":  intus,  v.  convexa  dente  antico  magno,  acutissimo, 
medio  parvo,  postico  va'ido,  maxime  elongate  ;  v.  planata  den- 
tibus  antico  et  postico  acutis  ;  ligamentojuxta  dentemposticum 
sito. 

"Long.  7,  lat.  -42,  alt.  '11  poll." 

Hab.  in  Panama :  sp.  unicum,  postice  fractum,  legit  C.  B.  Adams 
deploratus  :  Museo  Coll.  Amherstiange  :  =  Pandora  cornuta  (Old.), 
C.  B.  Ad.  Pan.  Shells,  no.  498,  P.Z.S.  1863,  p.  368. 

Prof.  Adams's  "appropriate  name  suggested  by  Dr.  Gould  "  being 
calculated  to  mislead,  I  have  thought  it  necessary  to  change  it. 

227 


Most  of  the  original  diagnosis  must  also  be  dropped,  the  parts  above 
quoted  being  all  that  it  is  desirable  to  retain.  The  present  descrip- 
tion is  written  from  notes  and  drawings  made  on  a  careful  examina- 
tion of  the  broken  type.  The  lines  of  growth  show  that,  so  far  from 
being  "  cornute,"  the  species  is  remarkable  for  the  absence  of  beak, 
— the  margins  being  more  equally  rounded  even  than  in  P.  nltitsa, 
which  in  shape  it  somewhat  resembles.  The  hinge  is  almost  exactly 
like  that  of  C.  claviculata,  jun.,  but  differs  in  the  somewhat  greater 
proportionate  length  of  the  clavicle,  and  in  the  unwonted  size  and 
sharp  pointing  of  the  anterior  tooth.  The  new  name  has  been  chosen 
to  record  this  peculiarity,  rather  than  follow  the  modern  custom  of 
naming  from  the  author  of  the  mistake.  The  best  naturalists  occa- 
sionally err ;  but  corrections  can  be  made  without  affixing  a  false  com- 
pliment in  perpetuity. 

6.  ?CLIDIOPHORA  DISCORS,  Sby.  (Pandora  d.)>  P.  Z.  S.  1835, 
p  99 ;  Sp.  Conch,  f.  29,  30. 

The  type  has  not  been  discovered  ;  the  figure  and  diagnosis  only 
relate  to  the  outside ;  and  the  habitat  is  riot  stated.  The  genus  is 
therefore  doubtful ;  but  in  shape  it  resembles  the  young  of  C.  clavi- 
culata. 

7.  ?  CLIDIOPHORA  ARCUATA,  Sby.  (Pandora  «.),  Sp.  Conch,  f.2/, 
28 ;  P.  Z.  S.  1835,  p.  93  ;  Hani.  Rec.  Shells,  p.  49. 

The  worn  valves  in  the  Cumingian  collection  do  not  allow  of  a 
confident  determination  of  the  genus. 

Genus  CCELODON*. 

Testa  Pandoriformis :  valva  sinistra  dentibiis  duobus,  cicatrirem 
adductoris  anticam  versus  radiantibus,  lamina  infra  cavernosa 
junctis  :  ossiculo  nullo  :  sinu  pallii  nullo. 

The  shells  of  this  group  vary  considerably  in  shape  and  dentition 
in  the  different  species  ;  but  agree  in  this,  that  in  the  left  valve  there 
is  a  kind  of  tent,  formed  by  a  thin  laminated  roof  lying  on  the  top  of 
two  diverging  teeth.  It  is  hard  even  to  guess  what  is  the  use  of  this 
(perhaps  unique)  structure  ;  especially  as  its  opening  is  not  towards 
the  body  of  the  shell,  but  directly  facing  the  anterior  adductor.  It 
is  seen  at  once  on  opening  the  typical  species,  which  was  well  figured 
by  Sowerby,  Sp.  Conch,  f.  22.  In  the  aberrant  forms  it  might  easily 
be  overlooked,  and  a  glass  is  needed  to  detect  it  in  small  specimens ; 
but  if  it  exists,  the  shell  can  be  supported  on  a  pin  thrust  into  the 
"  hollow  tooth."  When  more  species  are  known,  the  group  may 
require  subdivision,  the  C.Jlexuosus  especially  presenting  a  marked 
transition  to  Clidiophora.  In  that  genus  the  posterior  part  excels 
in  development ;  in  Ccelodon,  the  anterior.  -All  the  known  species 
ft  re  from  the  Eastern  seas,  but  are  very  seldom  seen  in  collections. 
An  enlarged  diagnosis  of  the  type  species  is  offered. 

*  Th.  icotXos,  hollow ;  6$oi>v,  tooth. 

228 


1.  C(ELODON  CEYLANTCUS. 

Pandora  ceylanica,  Sby.  P.  Z.  S.  1835,  p.  94  ;  Sp.  Concli.  f.  20, 
21,  22,  =  P.  ceylonica,  Hani.  Rec.  Shells,  p.  50,  =  P.  indica,  Chenu, 
Man.  Conch,  ii.  p.  54.  f.  214. 

C.  t.  planata,  rostrata,  securiformi ;  ventraliter  maxime,  antica 

satis   excurvata ;    margine  postico   dorsali   valde   incurvato  : 

intus,valva  dextra,  margine  postico  rectanvulatim  superstante, 

dentibus  anticis  ii.  prcelongis,  satis  extantibus,  usque  ad  cica- 

tricem  adductoris  continuis,  dentem  cavernosum  vaivce  altering 

amplectantibus  ;  dente  postico  curtiore,  extante,  fossam  carii- 

lagineam  per  totam  longitudinem  gerente  :  vaioa  sinistra,  mar- 

gine   postico    subrectangulatim    superstante  ;     sulco    postico 

dentem  v.  alt.  recipiente  ;  dentibus  anticis  usque  ad  cicatncem 

adductoris  continuis,  centrali  lonffiore,  plus  quam  dimidio  inter- 

stitii  lamina  tenui  tecto,  ventraliter  arcuato. 

Under  this  species,  of  which  the  correct  locality  appears  in  the 

name,  Mr.  Sowerby  quotes  "a  single  specimen  obtained  at  Island 

Muerte,  W.  Columbia,  11  fm.,  by  Mr.  Cuming."     The  hinge  may 

not  have  been  examined.     The  shell  quoted  does  not  now  appear  in 

the  Cumingian  collection,  and  probably  belonged   to   Clidioyhora 

claviculata,  which  in  shape  resembles  the  typical  Cwlodoii. 

1  a.  CCELODON  CUMINGII,  Hani.  (Pandora  c.),  P.  Z.  S.  1861, 
p.  272. 

This  agrees  with  the  last  species  in  shape  and  dentition,  and  is 
probably  only  a  variety. 

Hob.  Philippines  (Cuming). 

2.  CCELODON  DELICATULUS,  A.  Ad.  (Pandora  d.)  P.  Z.  S.  (diagn. 
auct.). 

• .  .  marginibus  dorsalibus  ad  angulum  circ.  160°  diver gentibus  : 

cardine  v.  dextr.  dente  postico  satis  elongato  ;  centrali  curto, 

ad  umbonem  valde  calloso  ;  antico  longissimo,  cicatricem  ant. 

superante,  margini  contiguo  :  v.  sinistr.  dente  centrali  curto, 

supra  cavernam  evecto,  in  anticum  pralongum  continuo. 

In  this  species,  the  shape  of  which  is  not  unlike  P.  obtusa,  though 

less  transverse,  the  anterior  teeth  are  enormously  developed  at  the 

expense  of  the  central.     These  are  short,  but  prominent ;  in  the  left 

valve  bent  over,  along  the  whole  length,  to  form  the  roof  of  the 

chamber,  and  then  drawn  on  into  the  anterior  tooth. 

3.  CCELODON  ELONGATUS,  n.  s. 

C.  t.  parva,  tenuissima,  maxime  planata  ;  parte  antica  minore, 
excurvata  ;  ventraliter  valde  excurvata,  postice  jnaxime  elon- 
gata,  rostro  angustiore ;  dorsaliter  valde  incurvata  :  intus,  v. 
dextr.  dente  post,  satis  longo  ;  d.  centrali  prcelongo,  postice 
flectOy  cicatricem  adductoris  parum  superante ;  d.  antico  mi- 
nore  :  v.  sinistr.  cartilagine  valde  elviiyata,  postice  sita ;  d. 
229 


centrali  preelongo,  postice  fccto ;  d.  antico  minore  a  margine 
remoto,  lamina  totias  longitudinis  ad  centralem  juncto. 

Long.  -()5,  lat.  «3,  alt.  -05  poll. 

Hub.  in  China  et  Borneo  (Mus.  Cuminy.). 

This  species  is  the  Eastern  representative  of  P.  rostrata,  as  is  C. 
ddicatulus  of  P.  obtusa.  It  has  the  reverse  dentition,  the  central 
tooth  being  very  long,  and  the  anterior  short,  bridged  over  to  meet 
it  at  the  whole  length.  In  the  Borneo  shell,  which  is  larger,  the 
anterior  tooth  is  rather  longer,  with  the  front  margin  of  the  ceiling 
more  incurved;  but  the  differences  are  probably  due  to  increased 
age  only. 

4.  CCELODON  FLEXUO*US,  Sby.  (Pandora /.),  Sp.  Conch,  f.  13, 
14,  15;  Hani.  Rec.  Shells,  p.  49'(diagn.  auct.), 

•  .  .  cardine  v.  dextra  dente  postico  prcelongo,  a  margine  separatot 
usque  ad  cicatr.  adduct.  porrecto  ;  fossa  cartilaginea  curia, 
inter  denies  post,  et  centr.  sita  /  d.  centr.  curtissimo,  maxime 
ex t ante,  retrorsum  dejtecto  ;  d.  ant.  minimo,  pene  obsoleto  :  v. 
sinistr.  sulco  prcelongo  postico ;  fossa  cartilaginea  separata^ 
cvrtiore  ;  d.  centr.  extante,  curtissimo,  supra  cavernam  pyn- 
formem,  in  dentem  anticum  usque  ad  cicatr.  adduct.  prolonga- 
turn,  porrecto. 

This  long-known  but  rare  Red  Sea  species  is  to  Pandora  what 
Tnsis  (Gray)  is  to  Area.  It  is  swollen  and  twisted,  and,  by  its 
long  clavicle,  forms  an  interesting  transition  to  Clidiophora. 

4  a.  1  CCELODON  UNGUICULUS,  Sby.  (Pandora  u.),  Sp.  Conclu 
f.  16,  17;  Hani.  Rec.  Shells,  p.  49. 

The  type  has  not  been  found  of  this  species,  which  was  described 
from  a  convex  valve  only.  It  clearly  belongs  to  the  same  section  as 
C.flexuosus,  and,  though  the  shape  is  somewhat  different,  perhaps 
it  is  only  a  variety. 

Genus  PANDORA,  Lara. 

It  is  proposed  to  limit  this  genus  according  to  the  diagnosis  of  Sow- 
erby,  founded  on  Lamarck's.  Succeeding  naturalists  have  adopted 
the  diagnosis,  while  they  have  included  in  it  species  to  which  it  did 
not  apply*.  It  presents  a  very  simple  type  of  hinge,  as  though  the 
Pandorid  idea  were  gradually  fading  away  towards  Myodora.  The 
P.  wardiana  is  the  finest  species  in  the  group  ;  but  it  is  scarcely 
typical,  having  the  radiating  grooves  of  the  section  Kennerlia.  The 
Lamarckian  type  is  the  Tellina  in&qualis  of  Linnaeus. 

1.  PANDORA  ROSTRATA,  Lam.,  Forbes  &  Hani,  et  auct.  plur.= 
P.  inagualis,  Linn.,  Gray,  Add. 

* 

*  Chenn,  however  (Man.  Conch,  ii.  p.  51),  gives  an  original  and  extended 
diagnosis,  in  which  he  accredits  to  the  whole  genus  "  une  dent  triangulaire, 
aplatie,  bifurquee.  dont  la  portion  anterieure,  plus  longue,  se  prolonge  jusqu'a 
1'impression  musculaire  anterieure  " — a  character  which  only  belongs  to  the  sec- 
tion Ccelodou, 

230 


2.  PANDORA  OBTUSA,  Lam,v  auct, 

3.  PANDORA  BREVIFRONS,  Sby.,  Sp.  Conch,  f.  25,  26;  P.  Z.  S. 
1835,  p.  93. 

4.  PANDORA  CISTULA,  Gld.  Otia,  p,  77. 

This  species  is  not  quoted  in  the  index  to  the  E.  E.  Moll.,  but 
appears  in  the  text  (p.  396')  and  in  the  Atlas  (f.  500).  In  shape, 
but  not  in  texture,  it  resembles  P.  oblonga. 

5.  PANDORA  OBLONGA, Sby.,  Sp.  Conch,  f.  10;  Hani.  Rec.  Shells, 
p.  49. 

The  unique  type  of  this  species,  from  Humphrey's  collection,  has 
not  been  found  ;  it  was  not  described  in  the  P.  Z.  S.,  and  very  closely 
resembles  P.  rostrata. 

6.  PANDORA  RADIATA,  Sby.,  P.  Z.  S.  1835,  p.  24;  Sp.  Conch. 
f.  23,  24. 

7.  PANDORA  WARDIANA,  A.  Ad.  P.  Z.  S.  1859,  p.  487. 

No  ossicle  has  been  observed  in  any  of  the  above  species.  If  it  be 
found  hereafter  in  living  specimens  of  the  grooved  P.  radiata  and 
P.  wardiana,  they  should  be  removed  to  the  subgenus.  The  group 
il^not  local,  as  appears  to  be  the  case  with  Ccelodon  and  Clidiqphora, 
being  found  in  both  hemispheres  and  on  both  sides  of  the  equator. 

Subgenus  KENNERLIA*. 

Pandora  cartilagine  ossiculo  tenuiore  instruct  a ;  lamina  exte- 
riore  prismatica  valv&  planatte  radiis  plerumque  insculpta. 

The  typical  species  have  radiating  grooves  in  the  exterior  prismatic 
layer  of  the  right  valve.  These  have  not  been  observed  in  K.  gla- 
cialis,  but  perhaps  the  specimens  are  somewhat  decorticated.  The 
essential  character  is  the  possession  of  an  ossicle.  This  is  well  deve- 
loped in  K.  glacialis,  but  so  thin  in  the  other  species  that  it  is  often 
hidden  in  dried  shells  by  the  contraction  of  the  cartilage.  The  first 
species  in  which  it  was  observed  (Dr.  Kennerley  having  sent  several 
fresh  specimens,  preserved  in  alcohol,  to  the  Smithsonian  Institu- 
tion) was 

1.  KENNERLIA  FILOSA,  n.  s. 

K.  t.  tenui,  planoconvexa,  maxime  rostrata  ;  marginibus  dorsa- 
libus  rectis,  ad  angulum  circ.  160°;  ventrali  regulariter  et 
modice  excurvato,  postice  vix  sinuato  ;  epidermide  olivacea, 
plerumque  erosa,  postice  corrugata  ;  lamina  externa  prismatica 
spongiosa  ;  valva  planata  radiatim  sulcata  (quasi  filosa) ,  sulcis 
distantibus;  valva  convexa,  costa  obtusissima  postice  decurrente; 

*  Named  in  grateful  remembrance  of  the  services  rendered  to  science  by  the 
late  Dr.  Kennerley,  the  naturalist  to  the  American  N.  Pacific  Boundary  Survey ; 
whose  premature  death  has  interrupted,  almost  at  the  onset,  our  knowledge  of 
the  dredging- faun  a  of  Puget  Sound 

231 


lineis  sen  undis  incrementi  conspicuis  :  intus  dente  cardinali 
uno,  parvo,  extante ;  callositate  claviculoidea  antica,  maryini 
contigua  ;  fossa  cartilayinea  postice  sita  ;  cicatricibus  adduc- 
torum  rotundatis,  margini  dorsali  contiguis ;  linea  pallii  sim- 
plici. 

Long.  -8,  lat.  *4,  alt.  '12  poll. 

Hab.  in  sinu  Pugetiano  (Kennerley). 

2.  KENNERLTA  BICARINATA,  n.  s. 

K.  t.  "  K.  filosee  "  simili,  sed  hand  rostrata ;  postice  latiore / 
carinis  in  valva  convexa  duabus,  in  valva  planata  una,  ex  umbo- 
nibus  postice  decurrentibus ;  lamina  prismatic  a  radiatim  sul- 
cata,  hand  sponyiosa  ;  valva  convexa  tenuiter  indentata  ;  liga- 
mento  elongate,  tenuissimo. 
Long.  -5,  lat.  '25,  alt.  '06  poll. 

Hab.  in  insula  Catalina,  Californise  ;  40-60  uln.,  rara  (Dr.  J.  G. 
Cooper.  State  Geological  Survey  Coll.  no.  1063  ;  M us.  Smithsonian 
Inst.). 

The  shape  and  keels  at  once  distinguish  this  heautiful  little  species 
from  its  Northern  ally,  with  which,  in  the  hinge  and  threading  of 
the  outer  layer,  it  exactly  agrees.  The  ligament  in  both  species  is 
extremely  thin,  holding  the  valves  together  from  the  umbo  to  the 
posterior  end.  The  fossil  Pandora  bilirata,  Conr.,  may  prove  idea* 
tical  with  this  recent  species ;  but  the  diagnosis,  figure,  and  type 
specimen  are  so  imperfect  that  it  would  be  too  hazardous  to  affiliate 
them. 

3.  KKNNERLIA  GLACIALIS,  Leach  (Pandora gl.},  Sby.  Sp.  Conch. 
f.  4,  5,  6  ;  Hanl»  Rec.  Shells,  p.  49  (diagn.  auct.). 

.  ,  .valva  dextra  callo  conspicuo  fossam  cartilagineam  Jirmante; 
ossiculo  fortiore. 

The  known  species  of  Kennerlia  are  thus  confined  to  the  North 
Pacific  and  the  Arctic  seas.  The  diagnosis  of  No.  1  belongs  to  a 
paper  on  Dr.  Kennerley's  new  species  in  the  Journ.  Ac.  N.  S.  Philad. ; 
and  that  of  No.  2  to  a  series  of  papers  on  Dr.  Cooper's  new  species 
in  the  Proc.  Calif.  Ac.  N.  S.  They  are  inserted  here  to  complete 
the  monograph,  as  far  as  known  to  the  writer.  The  "Pandora 
striata,  Quoy"  (Add.  Gen.  ii.  p.  371),  is  a  Myodora.  The  latter 
genus  is  so  well  defined  that  no  alteration  is  proposed  in  it, 

232 


E. 


DIAGNOSES 


OP 


NEW   FORMS   OF   MOLLUSCA 


FROM 


THE  VANCOUVER  DISTRICT. 


BY 

PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B.A.,  PH.D. 


From  the  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History.  Third  Series,  Vol 
XIV.  (Nos.  5—37),  pp.  423—429,  December,  1864.  Ibid.  Vol.  XV 
(Nos.  37—56),  pp.  28—32,  January,  1865. 


'  233   ) 


DIAGNOSES 

OP 

POEMS    OF    MOLLUSCA 

FROM 

THE  VANCOUVER  DISTRICT. 

BY 

PHILIP  P,  CARPENTER,  B.A.,  PH.D. 


THE  shells  here  described  were  mostly  collected  by  Indian  chil- 
dren for  their  excellent  teacher  Mr.J.G.Swan,  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Neeah  Bay,  W.  T.  They  were  presented  by  him  to  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,  Washington,  D.C. ;  and,  in  accordance 
with  their  liberal  policy,  the  first  available  duplicates  will  be 
found  in  the  British  Museum  or  in  Mr.  Cuming's  Collection. 
The  species  are  numbered  to  correspond  with  the  list  in  the 
British  Association  Report  for  1863,  pp.  626-628;  see  also 
pp.  636-664-. 

5.  Mtsra  salmonea. 

M.  testa  parva,  solida,  compacta,  subquadrata ;  laevi,  nitente,  epi- 
dermide  tenui  cinerea  induta  ;  extus  pallide,  iritus  vivide  salmoneo 
tincta;  marginibus  dorsalibus  rectis,  ad  angulum  120°  separatis, 
umbonibus  haud  extantibus ;  marginibus  antico  et  ventrali  regu- 
lariter  late  excurvatis ;  parte  postica  brevissima,  hrud  angulata : 
intus,  dent.  card,  utraque  valva  ii.,  quorum  unus  bifidus ;  laterali- 
bus  v.  dextr.  sequidistantibus,  ant.  extante,  post,  parvo ;  nymphis 
rectis,  haud  conspicuis ;  cicatr.  add.  post,  subrotundata,  ant.  sub- 
rhomboidea ;  sinu  pallii  satis  regulariter  ovali,  per  iv.  inter  v. 
partes  interstitii  porrecto.  Long.  '57,  lat.  '45,  alt.  '11  poll. 

Variat  testa  aurantiaca,  rarius  albida,  rosaceo  tincta. 

Hob.  San  Francisco  (Pac.  Rail  E.E.);  Neeah  Bay  (Swan), 
plentiful;  Monterey,  20  fathoms  (Cooper). 

In  shape  almost  close  to  Macoma  crassula,  Desh.  (Arctic)  ; 
but  that  species  is  thinner,  not  glossy  or  salmon-coloured,  and 
has  no  lateral  teeth. 

6.  Angulus  variegatus. 

A.  testa  forma  A.  obtnso  simili,   sed  costa  interna  omnino  careut, 
valde  insequilateraii,  solidiore,  nitente,  rosaceo  et  flavido  subrai' 

235 


2  Dr.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  new  Forms  of  Mollusca 

dm  eleganter  variegata  ;  striis  increment!  concentricis,  postice  ex- 
tantioribus  ;  umbombufl  postice  flectentibus,  obtusis  ;  |)arte  antica 
prolongata,  regulariter  excurvata ;  marginibus  dorsali  et  ventrali 
subparallelis,  subrectis  ;  parte  postica  curtiore,  subangulata :  intus, 
dent.  card,  utraque  valva  ii.  minutis,  quorum  alter  bifidus  ;  v. 
dext.  dent,  lat.,  ant.  curto,  satis  extante,  post,  nullo  ;  nymphis 
curtis,  latis,  parum  concavis,  subito  sectis,  valvis  postea  subalatis  ; 
sinu  pallii  fere  cicatr.  aiit.  tenus  porrecto.  Long.  */2,  lat.  '42, 
alt.  -15. 

Hab.  Neeah  Bay  (Swan) ;  Monterey  and  Catalina  Island, 
20-60  fathoms,  rare  (Cooper). 

Submenus  MIODON*. 

Testa  Lucinoidea,  dentibus  cardinalibus,  ut  in  Cardita,  elongatis  ; 
lateral!  antico  parvo  instructa. 

This  little  group  of  species  is  intermediate  in  character  be- 
tween Astarte,  Venericardia,  and  Lucina.  It  first  appears  in 
the  Great  Oolite,  where  it  is  represented  by  Astarte  (Miodon} 
orbicularis,  J.  Sby.  Min.  Conch,  pi.  444.  f.  2/3.  This  must*  not 
be  confounded  with  a  second  and  true  Astarte  orbicularis,  by  the 
same  author,  pi.  520.  f.  2.  It  appears  in  Mr.  Searles  Wood's 
Crag-senes  as  Astarte  corbis.  The  following  is  the  only  recen,t 
species  at  present  known. 

9.  Miodon  prolonaatus. 

M.  testa  parva,  solida,  tumida,  compacta,  albida;  ventraliter  antice 
valde  prolongata,  excurvata  ;  lunula  longa,  rectiore,  haud  irnpressa; 
umbonibus  antice  inflectis,  obtusis,  valde  prominentibus  ;  margine 
dorsali  postico  parum  excurvato ;  costis  radiantibus  x.-xii.  latis, 
obtusis,  marginem  attingentibus,  parum  expressis,  dorsaliter  obso- 
letis,  a  liris  increment!  concentricis,  plus  minusve  distantibus,  ex- 
pressis, hie  et  illic  interrupts  :  intus,  margine  a  costis  plus  minusve 
obsoletim  crenulato ;  cardine  dentibus  v.  dextr.,  uno  postico,  inter 
duas  fossas  elongato,  et  lat.  ant.  lunulari;  v.sinistr.,  dent.  ant.  trian- 
gulari,  post,  valde  elongato,  lat.  ant.  minimo,  obsolete ;  cicatr.  add. 
subrotundatis,  ventraliter  sitis.  Long.  '23,  lat.  '24,  alt.  -16. 
1 

Subgenus  ADULA,  Add.  (diagn.  auct.). 

Testa  'inter  Modiolam  et  Lithophagum  intermedia,  cylindracea ; 
umbonibus  obtusis ;  parte  antica  longiore ;  ligamento  subinterno, 
valde  elongato  ;  epidermide  haud  testacea. 

Animal  byssiferum,  in  cryptis  affixum ;  musculis  adductoribus 
majoribus,  antico  ovato. 

Constituted  by  Messrs.  Adams  for  A.  soleniformis,  D'Orb., 
which  very  closely  resembles  the  young  of  the  Vancouver  species  : 
enlarged  to  receive  the  shells  of  Lithophagoid  shape  which  are 

*  Th.  (jifivv,  smaller ;  o8ovs,  tooth. 

236 


from  the  Vancouver  District*  8 

moored  by  byssus,  like  Modiola.  The  largest  known  species  is 
A.falcata,  Gld.,  which  is  normally  straight,  but  often  grows  in 
a  twisted  burrow.  A.  parasitica,  Desh.,  and  the  long-known 
A.  cinnamomea  appear  congeneric. 

13.  Adula  stylina. 

A.  testa  cylindracea,  lithophagoidea,  Isevi,  termissima,  parum  ar- 
cuata,  subnacrea,  albida,  postice  interdum  livido  tincta ;  epider- 
niide  nitente,  Isevi,  solidiore,  nigro-fusca :  testa  jun.  typice  modio- 
Jseformi,  umbonibus  subanticis,  obtusissimis  ;  margine  dorsali 
antice  (rarissime  paululum,  testa  minima,  postice)  tenuiter  crenu- 
lato  :  testa  adulta  marginibus  dors,  et  ventr.  fere  parallelis,  ant. 
et  post,  rotundatis ;  umbonibus  detritis,  baud  conspicuis,  circiter 
sextantim  antice  sitis  ;  incrustatione  baud  solida,  densissime  spon- 
giosa,  aream  posticam  diagonalem  tegente,  supra  valvas  prolongata, 
appressa ;  ligamento  interne,  postice  valde  prolongato  ;  pagina 
interna  pallida  ;  cicatr.  add.  postica  tumida,  pyriformi,  antica 
(quoad  familiam)  maxima,  baud  impressa,  oblonga ;  cicatr.  pedali 
antica  magna,  circulari,  impressa ;  callositate  subumbonali  (testa 
jun.)  cicatr.  pedalem  versus  conspicua.  Long.  '155,  lat.  *4,  alt.  *5. 

Variat  t.  magis  arcuata ;  ut  in  A.  falcata,  antice  tumidiore,  sub- 
angulata. 

Tariat  quoque  testa  attenuata. 

Variat  interdum  ventraliter  late  hiante. 

Hob.  Neeab  Bay,  abundant  (Swan] ;  Monterey  (Taylor). 

On  smashing  a  large  lump  of  hard  clay,  bored  by  Pholads, 
Petricolids,  &c.,  large  numbers  of  this  species,  with  a  few  of  A. 
falcata,  of  all  ages  from  '06  onwards,  were  found  in  situ.  Several 
struggled  for  room  in  a  single  crypt.  The  umbos  are  abraded 
by  the  wide  opening  of  the  valves. 

14.  Axinaa  (fseptentrionalis,  var.)  subobsoleta. 

A.  testa  A.septentrionali  sirnili,  parum  insequilaterali,  baud  tumida; 
umbonibus  obtusis,  latis,  satis  prominentibus ;  cinerea,  rufo-cas- 
taneo  varie  picta ;  epidermide  copiosa,  sublaminata ;  marginibus1 
ventral!  et  postico  valde  rotundatis,  antico  parum  producto,  dor- 
sal! recto  ;  sulcis  radiantibus  subobsoletis  sculpta,  dorsaliter  ssepe 
evanidis  :  intus,  marginibus  ventral!  valde,  ant.  et  post,  parum  cre- 
natis  ;  lamina  cardinis  subangulata  ;  dentibus  paucioribus,  validis, 
angustatis  ;  cicatr.  add.  antica  castanea,  callosa ;  ligamento  su\- 
cato.  Long.  -13,  lat.  '12,  alt.  '7. 
Hab.  Neeah  Bay  (Swan) ;  Shoal  water  Bay  (Cooper). 

Midden dorfFs  shell  is  figured  with  much  stronger  ribs,  but 
may  have  been  described  from  decorticated  specimens. 

15.  Siphonaria  Thersites. 

S.  testa  parva,  tenui,  baud  elevata,  valde  insequilaterali,  dense  nigro- 
castanea,  laevi,  seu  interdum  costulis  paucis,  obtusis,  obsoletis, 

237 


4  Dr.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  new  Forms  of  Mollusca 

radiatim  vix  ornata;  epidermide  Inevi,  tenui,  fugaci;  costa  pulino- 
nali  intus  et  extus  valde  conspicua,  turnente ;  vertice  obtuso, 
plerumque  ad  quadrantem,  interdurn  ad  trientern  totius  longitu- 
dinis  sito  ;  intus  intense  nigro-fusco,  margine  acuto.  Long.  '40, 
lat.  -33,  alt.  - 1  /. 

Hab.  Neeah  Bay  (Swan). 

This  genus,  which  culminates  in  western  tropical  America  and 
at  Cape  Horn,  is  not  known  in  California.  The  Vancouver  spe- 
cies  resembles  S.  lateralis  and  its  congeners,  but  differs  in  having 
an  enormous  lung-rib  and  no  colour-rays. 

16.  Mopalia  (Kennerleyi,  var.)  Swannii. 

M.  testa  M.  Kennerleyi  typicse  simili,  sed  jugo  fornicato,  haud  cari- 
nato  ;  omnino  rubida,  sculptura  mult  >  minus  expressa  ;  areis  late- 
ralibus  vix  definitis ;  latera  versus  subgranulata ;  dorsum  versus 
lineis  jugum  versus  procedentibus,  interstitiis  punctatis ;  sinu 
postico  latiore ;  limbo  pallii  lato,  coriaceo,  vix  piluloso.  Long. 
2-4,  lat.  1-,  div.  120°. 

Hab.  Tatooche  Island  (Swan). 

23.  Margarita  Cidaris,  A.  Ad. 

M.  testa  magna,  conica,  Turcicoidea,  tenui ;  albido-cinerea,  nacreo- 
argentato;  anfr.  nucleosis?...(decollatis),  norm,  vii.,  subplanatis  j 
suturis  alte  insculptis ;  superficie  spirse  tota  valide  tuberculosa, 
seriebus  tribus,  alteris  postea  intercalantibus ;  peripheria  et  basi 
TOtundatis,  carinatis ;  carinis  circ.  viii.,  haud  acutis,  irregularibus, 
scabris,  haud  tuberculosis  ;  lacuna  umbilicali  vix  conspicua  ;  aper- 
tura  subrotundata ;  labro  tenuissimo ;  labio  obsolete ;  columella 
arcuata.  Long.  Tl,  long.  spir.  '65,  lat.  '75,  div.  60°. 
Hab.  Neeah  Bay  (Swan). 

Mr.  A.  Adams  suggested  the  above  expressive  name  for  this 
very  remarkable  and  unique  shell. 

25.  Gibbula  parcipicta. 

G.  testa  solidiore,  parva,  conica,  pallida,  purpureo-fusco  varie  nebu- 
losa  et  maculata ;  anfr.  v.,  rotundatis ;  carinis  ii.  validis  in  spira 
se  monstrantibus,  minore  intercalate  ;  interstitiis  subsuturalibus, 
subleevibus,  inter  carinas  obtuse  decussatis  ;  lira  peripherica  de- 
finita,  saepe  in  spira  se  monstrante ;  basi  valde  rotundata ;  lirulis 
basalibus  circ.  v.  rotundatis,  subdistantibus  ;  apertura  subcirculari; 
columella  arcuata ;  umbilico  majore,  infundibuliformi,  haud  angu- 
lato.  Long.  '14,  long.  spir.  *07,  lat.  *13,  div.  70°. 
Hab.  Neeah  Bay  (Swan) ;  Santa  Crux  (Rowell) . 

26.  Gibbula  succincta. 

G.  testa  parva,  subelevata,  solidiore;  livida,  testa  juri.  strigis  angustis, 
creberrimis,  fusco-purpureis  penicillata,  testa  adulta  maculis  quo- 
que  magnis  nebulosa  ;  anfi'.  v.,  subquadratisj  liris  obtusis  medianis 

238 


from  the  Vancouver  District.  5 

et  striis  subobsoletis  cincta,  suturis  valde  impressis ;  basi  rotun- 
aata,  obtuse  angulata,  striis  ssepe  evanidis  spiralibus  ornata,  tesra 
adulta  circa  umbilicum  magnum,  infundibuliformem,  vix  angu- 
laturn,  scepe  tumidiore,  medio  obtuse  impressa;  apertura  sub- 
qmidrata,  parum  declivi ;  columella  subarcuata.  Long.  '16,  long, 
spir.  -07,  lat.  -10,  div.  70°. 

Hub.  Neeah  Bay  (Swan]  \  Lower  California,  on  Haliors 
(Rowell). 

27.   Gibbula  lacunata. 

G.  testa  parva,  fusco-purpurea,  solidiore ;  marginibus  spirse  \alde 
excnrvatis ;  anfractibus  nucleosis  normalibus,  postea  iv.  subpla- 
natis,  suturis  distinctis,  apice  mamillato ;  sublsevi,  circa  basin 
vix  angulatam  striolata,  striolis  spiralibus  distantibus ;  apertura 
suborbiculari,  parum  declivi ;  labio  juxta  umbilicurn  constrictum, 
quasi  lacunatum,  lobato ;  columella  callositate  parva  umbilicum 
constringente.  Long.  *11,  long.  spir.  '05,  lat.  *11,  div.  80°. 

Hab.  Neeah  Bay  (Swan). 

28.   Gibbula  funiculata. 

G.  testa  parva,  elevata,  compacta,  fusca;  marginibus  spirse  excur- 
vatis  ;  anfr.  vi.,  baud  tumidis,  suturis  parum  impressis  ;  lirulis 
crebris  rotundatis  undique  cincta,  quarum  v.  in  spira  monstrantur; 
interstitiis  parvis ;  basi  rotundata,  baud  angulata ;  umbilico  parvo, 
baud  carinato ;  apertura  suborbiculari,  parum  declivi ;  columella 
vix  arcuata.  Long.  '24,  long.  spir.  '11,  lat.  '2,  div.  70°. 

Hab.  Neeah  Bay  (Swan),  specimen  unicum. 

29.  Hipponyx  cranioides. 

II.  testa  valde  planata,  majore,  albida;  vertice  nucleoso?  ...  ;  testa 
adulta  apice  interdum  subcentrali,  ssepius  plus  minusve  postico  ; 
laminis  increment!  confertis,  undique  rapide  augentibus  ;  striis 
radiantibus  fortioribus,  confertissimis,  laminarum  margines  ssepe 
crenulantibus ;  margine  acuto ;  cicatr.  muse,  angusta,  margini 
contigua,  regione  capitis  minore,  ssepe  dextrorsum  torsa ;  epi- 
dermide?.. .  Long.  '85,  lat.  '75,  alt.  -3. 

Hab.  Neeah  Bay  (Swan). 

30.  Bivonia  compacta. 

U.  testa  satis  magna,  ssepe  solitaria,  purpureo-fusca,  spiraliter  ple- 
rumque  satis  regulariter  contorta,  obsoletim  cancellata  seu  sculp- 
tura  fere  evanida  ;  testis  tenacissime  adhserente.  Long,  (plerum- 
qne)  *7,  lat.  *3,  diam.  apert.  •!. 

Hab.  Barclay  Sound;  abundant  on  Pachypoma  gibberosum 
(Swan). 

Belongs  to  Bivonia,  Gray  (not  Morch).  Has  the  aspect  of 
Petaloconchus  macrophragma  on  a  large  scale,  but  is  entirely 
destitute  of  internal  laminae.  One  specimen  had  a  faint  colu- 

239 


6  Dr.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  new  Forms  of  Molfasca 

mellar  thread  for  two  whirls  only.     Operculum  normal,  with 
thin  edge,  dark  red. 

32.  Lacuna  porrecta. 

L.  testa  L.  puteolo  simili,  sed  multo  majore,  spira  magis  exserta; 
seu  omnino  fusca,  seu  zona  pallidiore,  seu  pallida  lineolis  fusces- 
centibus  tenuissime  spiraliter  ornata ;  epidermide  tenuiter  striata 
olivacea  seu  viridescente  induta;  tenuiore,  spiraliter  tenuiter  striata; 
anfr.  v.,  vix  planatis,  rapide  augentibus,  suturis  itnpressis,  vertice 
mamillato  ;  apertura  tumente  ;  labio  tenui,  vix  parietem  attingente, 
intus  subrecto ;  lacuna  maxima,  elongata,  ad  basin  arcup.ta ;  peri- 
pheria  expansa.     Long.  '52,  long.  spir.  '2,  lat.  '4,  div.  80°. 
?Var.  effusa  :  testa  L.porrectce  simili,  sed  multo  majore  ;  spira  elevata, 
satis  effusa ;  anfr.  tumidioribus,  suturis  valde  irnpressis  ;  aperturam 
versus  magis  expansa.   Long.  *65,  long.  spir.  '25,  lat.  *5,  div.  60°. 
?Var.  excequata  :  testa  L.  effusa  simili,  sed  anfr.  planatis,  suturis 
parum  impressis.     Long.  '5,  long.  spir.  '2,  lat.  '42,  div.  80°. 
Hab.  Neeah  Bay  (Swan). 

The  form  L.  exaquata  is  intermediate  between  the  very  dif- 
ferent L.  porrecta  and  L.  effusa.  The  Lacuna  vary  so  much 
(vide  Forbes  &  Hanley  in  loco)  that,  even  with  a  large  multitude 
of  specimens,  it  is  not  easy  to  state  what  constitutes  a  species. 

33.  Lacuna  (?  solidula  t  var.)  compacta. 

L.  testa  L.  solidulce,  var.,  simili ;  parva,  solida,  compacta,  angusta, 
subturrita,  marginibus  spirae  excurvatis :  aurantiaca,  interdum  pal- 
lidiore zonata ;  anfr.  subplanatis,  suturis  distinctis ;  tota  superficie 
confertissime  spiraliter  striolata  ;  basi  valde  angulata,  subplanata  ; 
apertura  subquadrata;  columella  vix  lacunata.  Long.  *23,  long, 
spir.  -1,  lat.  -17,  div.  60°. 

Variat  testa  elongata :  variat  quoque  columella  normaliter  lacunata, 
Hab.  Neeah  Bay  (Swan). 
Possibly  an  extreme  form  of  the  very  variable  L.  solidula,  Lov. 

(=  L.  carinata,  Gld.,  non  A.  Ad.,  =  Modelia  striata,  Gabb),  yet 

distinct  in  all  ages.     The  young  shells  resemble  small  Litorince. 

34.  Lacuna  variegata. 

L.  testa  tenui,  plus  minusve  elevata,  soluta,  irregulari ;  adolescente 
fusco-purpureo  ;  adulta  livida,  radiatim  seu  diagonaliter  varie  ir- 
regulariter  strigata,  strigis  fusco-aurantiacis,  ssepe  ziczacformibus  ; 
anfr.  vi.,  quorum  primi  compacti,  apice  submamillato  ;  deki  solutis, 
postice  planatis,   antice  expansis ;  basi  rotundata    seu  angulata  ; 
apertura  subovata  ;  labro  postice  porrecto  ;  labio  ssepe  parietem  vix 
attingente  ;  columella  intus  recta,  extus  valde  lacunata.    Long.  '6, 
long.  spir.  -16,  lat.  -17,  div.  50°. 
Hab.  Neeah  Bay  (Swan). 
Painted  like  L.  decora ta,  A.  Ad.,  which  differs  in  having  a 

normal  growth,  with  very  slight  cbink. 

240 


from  the  Vancouver  District.  7 

35 .  Isopis  fenestrata . 

I.  testa  I.  ovoidece  forma  et  indole  simili ;  carinis  ix.  acutis  (quarum 
iv.-in  spira  monstrantur)  cincta  ;  interstitiis  duplo  latioribus,  con- 
cinne  quadratim  decussatis,  liiulis  radiantibus  acutissimis ;  anfr. 
postice  tumentibus,  suturis  valde  excavatis  ;  peritremate  continue ; 
labro  a  carinis  pe&tinato  ;  labio  parietern  parum  attingente,  medio 
calloso ;  umbilico  angusto.  Long.  *18,  long.  spir.  '13,  lat.  "19, 
div.  70°. 

Hab.  Neeah  Bay  (Swan) ;  S.  Diego  and  Sta.  Barbara  Island 
(Cooper). 

Dr.  Cooper's  shells  are  much  smaller  than  those  from  the 
Vancouver  district,  which  are  white  and  eroded,  varying  much 
in  the  size  of  the  umbilicus. 

36.  Alvania  reticulata. 

A.  testa  parva,  subturrita,  rufo-fuscn,  marginibus  spirse  rectis ;  anfr. 
imcleosis  ii.  et  dimidio,  naticoideis,  laevibus,  tumentibus,  apice 
mamillato ;  norm,  iii.,  tumidis,  suturis  impressis  ;  liris  angustis, 
distantibus,  spiralibus  circ.  xii.  (quarum  iv.-vi.  in  spira  mon- 
strantur), et  lirulis  radiantibus,  supra  transeuntibus,  hand  nodulosis, 
secundum  interstitia  incurvatis,  eleganter  exsculpta  ;  interstitiis 
altis,  quadratis ;  peritremate  continue,  subrotundato,  acutiore. 
Long.  -085,  long.  spir.  '05,  lat.  '04,  div.  30°. 

Hab.  Neeah  Bay;  two  specimens  in  shell-washings  (Swan). 

37.  Alvania  flosa. 

A.  testa  A.  reticulates  indole  et  colore,  haud  sculptura,  simili ;  multo 
majore,  elongata  ;  anfr.  nucl.  ?...  (detritis),  norm.  iv. ;  striis  parum 
separatis  circ.  xviii.  (quarum  cir».  xii.  in  spira  monstrantur)  cincta  ; 
rugulis  radiantibus  posticis  creberrimis,  haud  expressis,  circa  peri- 
pheriam  evanidis  ;  peritremate  continue  ;  columella  rufo-purpureo 
tincta.  Long.  '13,  long.  spir.  '09,  lat.  '06,  div.  20°. 

Hab.  Neeah  Bay;  one  specimen  in  shell-washings  (Swan). 

38.  ?Assiminea  subrotundata. 

1A.  testa  haud  parva,  Isevi,  tenui,  fusco-olivacea  ;  anfr.  nucl.  ?...(fle- 
collatis)  ;  norm,  v.,  rapide  augentibus,  subrotundatis;  marginibus 
spiree  rectis,  suturis  valde  impressis  ;  basi  rotundata,  haud  umbili- 
cata ;  apertura  rotundato-ovali,  intus  fuscescente ;  peritremate 
continuo;  labro  acute;  labio  parum  calloso;  columella  arcr.e..'u. 
Long.  -28,  long.  spir.  '13,  lat.  '2,  div.  65°. 

Hab.  Neeah  Bay;  one  specimen  among  Lacuna  (Swan). 
May  prove  to  be  a  large  Hydrobia. 

39.  tPaludinella  casianca. 

?P.  testa  compacta,  solidiore,  fu.scu-cciatauen,  niargiuibns  :D\TK  rec- 
16  '241 


8  Dr.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  new  Forms  of  Mollusca 

tioribus  ;  rugulosa,  lineis  distantibus  spiralibus  irregulariter  in- 
sculpta ;  anfr.  nucleosis  ?.  .  . .  (detritis),  vertice  late  mamillato ; 
norm,  iv.,  rapidius  augentibus,  tumidioribus,  suturis  satis  im- 
prcR«is;  basi  ipgulariter  excurvata,  vix  rimata ;  apertura  suborbi- 
cnlari,  baud  continua ;  labro  acuto ;  labio  supra  parietern  obsolete, 
supra  columellam  arcuatam  in)  us  cnlloso :  operculo,  anfr.  iv,  Kvid 
rapide  augentibus.  Long.  *2l,  long.  spir.  '09,  lat.  *17,  div.  70°. 

Hab.  Neeah  Bay ;  one  specimen  among  Lacuna  (Swan). 
May  be  an  aberrant  Assiminea. 

40.  Mangelia  crebricostata. 

M.  testa  tereti,  rufb-fusca,  albo  zonata  ;  anfr.  micl.  ? . . .  (decollatis) ; 
norm.  v.  elongatis,  subrotundatis,  suturis  impressis ;  costis  radi- 
antibus,  obtusis,  subrectis,  circ.  xv.,  spiram  ascendentibus ;  sculp- 
tura  spirali  ?  . . .  (detrita)  ;  apertura  pyriformi,  antrorsum  in  ca- 
nalem  brevem  attenuata ;  labro  postice  parum  sinuato ;  labio  con- 
spicuo.  Long.  *54,  long.  spir.  *3,  lat.  '2,  div.  28°. 

Hab.  Neeah  Bay;  1  specimen  (Swan). 

41.  Mangelia  inter  fossa. 

M.  testa  parva,  valde  attenuata,  rufo-fusca,  marginibus  spirse  parum 
excurvatis ;  anfr.  nucl.  ii.,  ut  in  Chrysodomo  irregularibus,  apice 
mamillato  ;  norm,  vi.,  parum  excurvatis,  baud  tabulatis,  suturis 
distinctis  ;  costis  radiantibus  circ.  xv.,  angustis,  extantibus ;  cos- 
tulis  spiralibus  circ.  xv.,quarum  circ.  v.  seu  vi.  in  spira  monstrantur, 
angustis,  supra  costas  transeuntibus,  ad  intersectiones  parum  no- 
dulosis ;  interstitiis  altis,  quadratis  ;  basi  effusa ;  apertura  sub- 
pyriformi ;  labro  acuto,  postice  vix  emarginato ;  labio  tenui. 
Long.  -38,  long.  spir.  '22,  lat.  '13,  div.  25°. 

Hab.  Neeah  Bay;  very  rare  (Swan). 

42.  tMangelia  tabulata. 

?37.  testa  parva,  solidissima,  luride  rufo-fusca,  marginibus  spirae  ex- 
curvatis ;  vertice  nucleoso  chalcedonico  (eroso)  ;  anfr.  norm,  v., 
postice  rectangulatim  tabulatis,  suturis  impressis;  costis  radianti- 
bus circ.  xvi.,  validis,  obtusis,  circiter  basim  attenuatam  obsoletis  ; 
costis  spiralibus  in  spira  iii.-iv.  angustis,  extantibus,  supra  cost, 
rad.  nodosis  ;  interstitiis  alte  insculptis,  subquadratis  ;  costis  circa 
basim  circiter  vii.,  quadratirn  extantibus,  interstitiis  a  lineis  incre- 
menti  vix  decussatis ;  canali  curta,  aperta  ;  labro  acutiore,  ad  an- 
gulum  posticum  vix  sinuato  ;  labio  tenui ;  columella  obsolete  uni- 
plicata.  Long.  '45,  long.  spir.  '26,  lat.  *2,  div.  35°. 

Hab.  Neeah  Bay;  several  worn  specimens  (Swan). 

The  distinct  fold  near  the  base  of  the  pillar  may  require  the 
formation  of  a  new  genus. 

242 


from  the  Vancouver  District.  9 

43.  tDaphnella  effusa. 

?D.  testa  gracillima,  maxime  effusa,  rufo-fusca  ;  anfr.  angustis,  elon- 
gatis,  suturis  impressis  ;  striis  spiralibus  crebris  a  lineis  incre- 
ment! decussatis  ornata ;  labro  tenuiore,  postice  vix  sinuato. 
Long.  -65,  long.  spir.  '45,  lat.  '22,  div.  30°. 

Hab.  Neeah  Bay;  one  broken  specimen  (Swan). 

44.  Odostomia  satura. 

O.  testa  magna,  alba,  laevi,  solidiore,  satis  elevata ;  anfr.  nucl.  ii., 
aiigustis,  subplanorboideis,  valde  decliviter  sitis,  dextrorsum  im- 
rnersis,  sinistrorsum  extantibus;  norm,  v.,  turnidioribus,  regula- 
riter  convexis,  suturis  impressis  ;  basi  rotundata,  tumente,  quasi 
umbilicata ;  apertura  ovata ;  labro  vix  sinuato  ;  labio  tenui,  ap- 
presso ;  plica  columellari  valida,  subantica,  parieti  hand  contigua, 
transversa.  Long.  -26,  long.  spir.  '14,  lat.  '13,  div.  40°. 
Hab.  Neeah  Bay;  rare  (Swan). 

Var.  pitpiformis :  anfr.  primis  valde  depressis,  planatis ;  vertice 
mamillato  ;  anfr.  ult.  normali.  Specimen  unicum,  quasi  monstru- 
osum.  Long.  '19,  long.  spir.  •!,  lat.  *12,  div.  45°. 

44  b.   Odostomia  (?var.)  Gouldii. 

O.  testa  solida,  alba,  ovoidea,  marginibus  spirae  valde  excurvatis  ; 
vert.  nucl.  decliviter  immerso  ;  anfr.  norm,  v.,  subplanatis,  suturis 
valde  impressis ;  peripheria  baud  angulata  ;  basi  excurvata,  baud 
tumicla;  apertura  ovata,  postice  parum  constricta;  labro  solido  ; 
labio  conspicuo,  rimam  umbilicalem  for m ante ;  plica  submediaria, 
solida,  extante,  baud  declivi.  Long.  '23,  long.  spir.  -13,  lat.  •!, 
div.  30°. 

Hab.  Neeah  Bay;  very  rare  (Swan). 

Agrees  in  some  respects  better  with  the  diagnosis  of  0.  gra- 
vida,  Gould,  than  do  Col.  Jewett's  shells,  from  which  it  is  pre- 
sumed the  species  was  described.  These  large  forms  appear 
very  variable. 

45.   Odostomia  nuciformis.    . 

O.  testa  magna,  compacta,  laevi,  solida,  alba  ;  anfr.  nucl.?  .  .  .  (erosis), 
vertice  submamillato  ;  anfr.  norm,  v.,  subplanatis,  subelongatis ; 
spira  brevi,  marginibus  valde  excurvatis  ;  basi  elongata,  haud  um- 
bilicata ;  apertura  subovali,  postice  angusta ;  labro  solido ;  labio 
tenui ;  plica  antica,  solida,  obtusa,  transversa,  parietem  haud  attin- 
gente.  Long.  '3,  long.  spir.  '14,  lat.  '18,  div.  70°. 
Hab.  Neeah  Bay;  extremely  rare  (Swan). 

45  b.   Odostomia  (?  var.)  avellana. 

0.  testa    O.  nuciformi  indole  simili,   sed  spira  valde  prolongata. 
Long.  -32,  long.  spir.  -16,  lat.  -16,  div.  50°. 
Hab.  Neeah  Bay ;  one  specimen  (Swan), 
Like  a  gigantic  form  of  O.  conoidalis. 

243 


10  Dr.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  nsw  Forms  of  Mollusca 

47.   Odostomia  tenuisculpta. 

O.  testa  ovoidea,  subelevata,  albida,  tenui,  diaphana ;  anfr.  nucl. 
subverticaliter  immersis,  angustis ;  norm,  iii.,  parum  tumidis,  su- 
turis  impressis,  sulculis  spiralibus  latioribus  baud  impress!?,  dis- 
tantibus,  in  spira  iii.,  circa  basirn  rotundatam  circ.  vi.  subobso- 
letis  ;  apertura  ovata  ;  plica  acuta,  declivi,  parva,  parieti  contigua ; 
labro  acuto ;  labio  indistincto ;  columella  antice  parum  effusa. 
Long.  •!,  long.  spir.  '04,  lat.  '06,  div.  60°. 

Hob.  Neeab  Bay;  one  specimen  (Swan). 

48.  Scalaria  Indianorum. 

S.  testa  gracili,  turrita,  alba ;  anfr.  circ.  x.,  rotundatis,  parum  sepa- 
ratis,  leevibus ;  basi  simplici,  baud  uinbilicata ;  costis  viii.-xv. 
(pleiumque  xii.),  acutioribus,  subreflexis,  interdum  latis,  plerumque 
lineis  irregularibus  margini  spirse  recto  parallelis  ascendentibus, 
rarius  juxta  suturam  subnodosis ;  apertura  ovata.  Long.  1*05, 
long.  spir.  '8,  lat.  -36,  div.  28°. 

Hab.  Neeah  Bay  (Swan). 

Strung  as  ornaments  by  tbe  Indian  cbildren.  Intermediate 
between  S.  communis  and  S.  Turtonis,  and  scarcely  differs  from 
"  S.  Georgettina,  Kien.,"  Mus.  Cum.  no.  34,  Brazil. 

486.  Scalaria  (t  Indianorum,  var.)  tincta. 

S.  llndianorum  costis  acutis,  baud  reflexis  ;  anfractibus  postice  fusco- 
purpureo  tinctis. 

Hab.  Cerros  Island  (Ayres) ;  S.  Pedro  (Cooper}. 

The  Lower-Californian  sbell  may  prove  distinct.  It  is  like 
S.  regularis,  Cpr.,  but  witbout  the  spiral  sculpture. 

Submenus  OPALIA,  H.  &  A.  Ad.  (diagn.  auct). 

Scalarice  varicibus  obtusis,  irregularibus,  parum  defmitis  :  sculp- 
tura  basim  versus  interrupta. 

Ex.  in  Mus.  Cum. : — O.  crassicostata,  O.  crassilabrum,  0.  dia- 
dema,  O.funiculata,  O.crenata,  O.granuhsa,  O.australis,  O.bi- 
carinala,  O.  attenuata,  Pse.,  O.  M{ Andrea,  Fbs.,  sp.  ined.  (W^st 
Indies).  Other  West-coast  species  are  0.  crenatoides  and  var. 
insculpta,  0.  spongiosa,  and  O.  retiporosa. 

The  species  of  this  very  natural  group  were  arranged  by  Messrs. 
Adams  partly  under  Opalia  and  partly  under  Cirsotrema. 

49.  Opalia  borealis,  Gld. 

0.  testa 0. australi  simillima,  valde  elongata ;  anfr.  xii., planatis,  suturis 
parum  impressis  ;  testa  jun.  costis  validissimis  viii.  latis,  rotundatis, 
peripheriam  ftttingentibi»»iatenltim  iuterfuptisj  testa  adulta  stepius 

244 


from  the  Vancouver  District.  li 

obsoletis,  ad  peripheriam  evanidis ;  circa  basim  totam  usque  ad 
Deripheriam  angulatam  lamina  spirali,  planata ;  apertura  ovali ; 
iota  superficie  rninutissime  spiral  iter  striolata  :  operculo  pauci- 
bpirali,  nucleo  ad  trientem  longitudinis  sito,  lineis  mcrememi  va- 
lidis.  Long.  !•/,  long.  spir.  1-3,  lat.  '53,  div.  20°. 

Hab.  Puget  Sound  (U.  S.  Expl.  Exp.)-y  Neeah  Bay  and  Ta~ 
tooche  Island  (Swan). 

This  species  was  doubtfully  indicated,  not  described,  by  Dr. 
Gould,  in  the  '  E.  E.  Moll/  p.  207.  It  appears  to  be  exactly  iden- 
tical with  "  crassicostata,  Australia,"  in  Brit.  Mus.,  and  is  nearly 
related  to  Ochotensis,  Midd.  It  must  not  be  confounded  with 
Acirsa  borealis,  Beck.  One  young  specimen  has  the  ten  ribs  of 
0.  australis. 

50.  Cerithiopsis  munita 

C.  testa  C.  purpurece  simili,  sed  angustiore,  marginibus  spirse  fere 
rectis ;  costis  spiralibus  magis  expressis,  testa  adulta  minus  nodu- 
losis;  basi  sequaliter  lirulata.    Long.  '34,  long.  spir.  '24,  lat.  -11, 
div.  20°. 
Hab.  Neeah  Bay;  common  (Swan). 

51.   Cerithiopsis  columna. 

C.  testa  majore,  valde  elongata,  purpureo-fusca ;  anfr.  norm,  ix., 
planatis,  suturis  distinctis  ;  seriebus  iii.  nodulorum  spiralibus 
valde  appressorum,  creberrimorum,  interstitiis  parvis,  altis ;  aliis 
interdum  intercalantibus ;  lira  quarta  supra  suturam  baud  valde 
nodulosa,  liris  duabus  baud  expressis  aream  suturalem  cir- 
cumeuntibus ;  basi  planata,  baud  sculpta,  ad  peripheriam  obtuse 
angulata;  apertura  quadrata.  Long.  '38,  long.  spir.  32,  lat.  •!, 
div.  10°. 
Hab.  Neeah  Bay;  several  worn  specimens  (Swan)  :  Monterey; 

rolled  fragment  of  larger  shell  (Cooper). 

Easily  recognized,   even  in  portions,   by  the   "  strung-fig " 

pattern. 

55.  Cancellaria  modesta. 

C.  testa  elata,  subrufa,  trichotropiformi,  marginibus  spirse  rectis ; 
anfr.  norm,  v.,  rotundatis,  postice  subtabulatis,  suturis  irnpressis ; 
costis  spiralibus  obtusis,  distantibus,  in  spira  circ.  iv.f  circa  basim 
prolongatam  cire.  vii.,  aliis  minoribus  interdum  intercalantibus; 
interstitiis  secundum  incrementa,  decussatis;  apertura  sub- 
quadrata;  columella  plicis  duabus  declivibus  anticis  et  costulis 
basalibus  ornata;  labio  nullo.  Long.  -68,  long.  spir.  -34,  lat.  34, 
div.  50°. 
Hab.  Neeah  Bay;  one  specimen  and  fragment  (Swan). 

56.    Velutina  prolong  ata. 

V.  testa  majore,  subplanata,  tenuiore,  carnea,  spira  minima ;  anfr.  iii. 

245 


13  Dr.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  new  Forms  of  Mollusca. 

et  dimidio,  rapidissime  augentibus ;  vertice  vix  conspicuo ;  anfr. 
nit.  antice  valde  porrecto ;  regione  colutnellari  incurvata  ;  labio 
valido ;  axi  baud  rimata ;  epidermide  tenui,  rugis  incrementi  or- 
nata,  spiraliter  baud  striata.  Long.  '1,  long.  suir.  '1.5,  iat.  *95, 
div.  140°. 

Hub.  Nceah  Bay ;  rare  (Swan}. 

246 


F. 


DIAGNOSES 


OF 


NEW  FORMS  OF  MOLLUSCA 


THE  VANCOUVER  DISTRICT. 


BY 

PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B.A.,  PH.  D. 


From  the  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London,  pp.  201-204, 
February  14,  1865. 


(247) 


DIAGNOSES   or  NEW  FORMS  OF   MOLLUSCA   FROM   THE  VAN- 
COUVER DISTRICT.     BY  PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B.A.,  PH.D. 

TEBEBBATULA  UNGUICIJLA,  n.  s. 

T.  t.  juniore  "  Terebratulinse  capiti-serpentis"  simillima,  sed  la- 
tiore,  subtmangulata  ;  punctis  valde  conspicuis;  costis  con- 
spicuis,  inter  dum  obtusioribus,  aliis  intercalantibus ;  intus, 
amento  suboctiformi,  postice  aperto,  cruris  diagonalibus  cardini 
affixis :  testa  adulta  valva  inferiore  subrotundata,  marginem 
versus  hand  planata  ;  umbone  valde  tumente,  latiore ;  striis 
radiantihus,  ut  in  '*  T.  capite-serpentis  "  conspicuis  ;  marginibus 
crenulatis,  hand  undatis ;  intus  amento  majore,  bisinuato3  dor- 
saliter  hand  continuo,  calcaribus  duobus  munito. 
Long.  46,  lat.  *5,  alt.  '3  poll. 

Hab.  San  Diego,  6  fm. ;  Monterey,  not  rare  in  20  fm.,  (in  Cali- 
fornia State  Geological  Survey)  Cooper.  Neeah  Bay  (valve),  Swan. 
Vancouver,  Forbes. 

The  specimens  sent  by  Dr.  Cooper  were  all  of  small  size,  and,  from 
the  intercalation  of  riblets  near  the  margin,  clearly  immature.  They 
presented  the  incomplete  loop  of  the  restricted  genus  to  which  Dr. 
Cooper  affiliated  them.  Notwithstanding,  as  both  Davidson  and  Wood- 
ward state  that  the  young  of  the  British  species  has  the  loop  similarly 
open,  it  remained  doubtful  whether  this  might  not  prove  conspecific. 
Messrs.  Reeve  and  Hanley  unhesitatingly  pronounced  them  to  be 
"  caput-serpentis,  jun.,"  the  latter  gentleman  stating  that  they  pre- 
sented the  peculiar  form  of  that  species  which  belongs  to  the  Medi- 
terranean examples.  Dr.  Forbes,  however,  was  fortunate  enough  to 

249 


2  DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  NEW  MOLLUSCA. 

obtain  an  adult  shell,  which  passed  into  the  Cumingian  Collection 
Having  removed  the  animal  matter  with  great  care,  the  loop  \vas 
found  to  retain  the  form  seen  in  the  young  shell,  only  perhaps  stil 
more  open.     This  is  the  first  recent  species  of  the  genus  which  has 
been  discovered  with  a  sculptured  surface,  and  affords  an  instructive 
lesson  not  to  rely  on  external  characters. 


v 

Terebratula  unguicula :  1,  2,  outside  views  of  Mr.  Cuming's  adult  specimen, 
natural  size :  3,  4,  inside  views  of  the  upper  valve,  slightly  magnified. 


The  outline  of  the  adult  is  much  rounder,  and  the  margin  blunter, 
than  in  T.  caput-serpentis.  Inside,  the  noncompletion  of  the  some- 
what w-shaped  loop  is  a  very  obvious  character.  This  is  large  ir 
proportion,  extending  to  about  two-fifths  of  the  length  and  one- 
third  of  the  greatest  breadth  of  the  shell.  It  is  bent  upwards  in  the 
middle,  as  seen  from  the  partly  opened  valves ;  with  a  double  wave  at 
the  sides,  as  seen  from  the  direction  of  the  opposite  valve.  Two  spurs 
ascend  from  the  crests  of  the  side  waves,  as  though  preparing  tc 
complete  the  loop.  The  similar  Terebratella  angustata  from  Japan, 
when  of  the  same  size  as  Dr.  Cooper's  specimens,  has  the  loop  quite 
continuous  *. 

SubgenilS  NETTASTOMELLAf. 

Pholadidea  :  valvis  postice  in  calycem  testaceum  planatum  pro* 
longatis  ;  calyce  coriaceo  nullo. 

NETTASTOMELLA  DARWINII,  Sby.  (diag.  auct.). 

N.  t.  minore,  elongata,  tenuissima  ;  parte  postica  costis  radian* 
tibus  acutioribus  circ.  vii.  et  laminis  concentricis  acutissimist 
distantibus,  antice  continuis,  elegantissime  ornata;  rostris  pla 

*  Dr.  Cooper  having  forwarded  for  my  inspection  a  large  aud  beautifully  pn- 
feet  specimen  of  the  true  Waldheimia  californica,  I  have  compared  it  with  the 
%eries  of  the  very  variable  W.  globosa  in  the  Smithsonian  Museum,  undoubtedly 
from  Orange  Harbour.  The  California  shell,  however,  has  a  strong  brownish- 
red  tinge,  and  does  not  display  the  beautiful  veining  of  the  Maghellan  species. 

t  Th.  t'fjrra,  a  duck,  cropa,  mouth.  The  name  Netastoma,  given  in  the 
'  Brit.  Assoc.  Report.'  1863,  being  preoccupied  in  another  subkingdom,  according 
to  Dr.  Cooper,  it  is  thought  necessary  to  vary  the  termination. 

250 


DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  NEW  MOLLUSCA. 

natiSy  postice  diver gentibus,  striis  incrementi  crebris  acutis, 
aliter  hand  sculpta  ;  parte  antica  t.  jun.  aperta,  adultcK  clausa  ; 
clausis  tenuissimisy  secundum  incrementa  undulatist  super  urn- 
bones  prolongatis,  umbilicos  postice  formantibus ;  epidermide 
fugaciy  tenui,  pallide  viridi. 

Hab.  Monterey,  Rich. ;  Vancouver,  Lord  j  S.  Diego,  Cooper. 
=  Pholas  darwiniiy  Sby. 
=  Jouanettia  darwiniiy  Mus.  Cuming. 
=  Parapholas  penita,  Tryon,  Mon.  Phol. 

This  remarkable  shell  differs  from  Jouanettia  in  having  both 
valves  equal;  from  Pholadidea  proper  in  having  no  coriaceous 
cup,  its  place  being  supplied  by  a  flattened  prolongation  from 
each  valve,  like  a  duck's  bill  in  miniature.  In  Mr.  Lord's  specimen 
(preserved  in  the  British  Museum),  though  the  valves  are  closed,  the 
prolongations  are  widely  divergent,  as  when  the  bird  utters  its  cheer- 
ful "  quack."  The  loose,  .thin  epidermis  appears  to  have  covered  the 
bill  as  well  as  the  valves.  Mr.  Tryon  had  probably  not  seen  a  speci- 
men, else  he  could  hardly  have  affiliated  so  very  'different  a  shell  to 
Pholadidea  penita.  The  original  specimen  is  said  to  have  come  from 
Chili. 

DARINA  DECLIVIS. 

D.  t.  tenuissimay  planata,  ellipticay  Machcerceformi,  utroque  latere 
hiante  ;  cinerea,  epidermide  fortiore  induta  ;  marginibus  regu- 
lariter  excurvatis  ;  umbonibus  haud  conspicuis,  ad  duas  inter 
quinque  paries  longitudinis  postice  sitis :  intus  cartilagine 
spathula  elonaata,  dorsum  versus  utraque  valva  decliviter  sitat 
a  ligamento  lamina  extante  tenuissima  separata ;  dente  car- 
dinali  laminato,  extante,  curtiore ;  lateralibus  vix  conspicuis ; 
sinu  pallii  ovali,  fere  ad  medium  porrecto. 

Long.  177,  lat.  -85,  alt.  -34  poll. 

Hab.  Vancouver's  Island  (Forbes). 

The  only  other  species  of  Darina  known  is  from  the  Straits  of 
Maghellan.  The  northern  shell  may  have  been  passed  over  as  the 
young  of  Machcera  patula,  to  which  it  bears  a  strong  external  re- 
semblance. 

SAXIDOMUS  BREVISIPHONATUS. 

S.  t.  subovaliy   tenuiore,  subplanata,   albida,  epidermide  pallide 
olivacea    induta ;    iota  superficie  rugis  concentricist  crebris, 
valde  obtusisy  et  undis  incrementi  interdum  majoribus,  ornata  ; 
marginibus  subcequaliter  excurvatisy   maxime  ventrali :   intus 
car  dine  tenuiorey  dente  antico  elongato  ;  sinu  pallii  parvot  ad 
trientem  interstitii  porrecto,  latiore. 
Long.  2-65,  lat.  2'05,  alt.  M5  poll. 
Hab.  ? Vancouver,  ? Japan  (Mus.  Cuming). 

A  very  distinct  species,  in  shape  and  hinge  not  unlike  Callistat  but 
without  lunule.  It  is  more  rounded  and  flatter  than  the  three  ty- 
pical California!!  species,  and  known  at  once  by  the  very  small  mantle- 
bend.  From  four  to  six  blunt  riblets  are  seen  on  each  of  the  very 

251 


204  DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  NEW  MOLLTJSCA. 

blunt  waves  of  growth.  The  shell  was  sent  me  as  from  Dr.  Forbes's 
Vancouver  collections,  and  is  so  quoted  in  the  Br.  Assoc.  Rep.  1863, 
p.  607  ;  but  Mr.  Cuming  subsequently  stated  his  belief  that  it  came 
from  Japan.  It  may  be  allowable  to  state  that  many  of  the  species 
included  in  Saxidomus  by  authors  are  more  correctly  rough  forms  of 
Tapes,  of  the  decussata-type  ;  the  true  Saxidomi  differing  from  that 
genus  (as  Callista  does  from  Venus)  in  having  an  additional  pseudo- 
lateral  anterior  tooth.  This  is  very  evident  in  theyourig  shell,  which 
has  a  much  rounder  outline  than  the  adult,  and  can  scarcely  be 
distinguished  from  Callista,  except  by  the  absence  of  lunule. 

252 


G. 


DIAGNOSES 


OF 


NEW  SPECIES  AND  A  NEW  GENUS  OF  MOLLUSKS, 


THE  REIGEN   MAZATLAN  COLLECTION; 

WITH  AN  ACCOUNT  OF  ADDITIONAL  SPECIMENS  PRESENTED  TO 
THE  BRITISH  MUSEUM. 


BY 
PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B. A.,  PH.D. 


From  the  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London,  pp.  268-273, 
March  14.  1865. 


(  253  ) 


DIAGNOSES  OF  NEW  SPECIES  AND  A  NEW  GENUS  or  MOL- 

LUSKS   FROM    THE    REIGEN    MAZATLAN    COLLECTION  :    WITH 
AN     ACCOUNT    OF    ADDITIONAL     SPECIMENS     PRESENTED    TO 

THE  BRITISH  MUSEUM.    BY  PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B.A., 

PH.D. 

After  the  publication  of  the  British  Museum  Mazatlan  Catalogue, 
the  backs  of  several  fresh  Spondylus-valve.s  were  examined  by  Mr. 
R.  D.  Darbishire  and  myself.  Among  the  specimens  were  several 
tvhich  were  deemed  worthy  of  being  added  to  the  national  collection; 
they  were  deposited  there,  with  a  MS.  appendix  to  the  Catalogue, 
in  1858.  As  it  is  not  judged  necessary  to  print  this  separately,  I 
have  (with  the  permission  of  Dr.  Gray)  transcribed  what  should  be 
placed  on  record,  in  hopes  that  it  may  not  be  judged  out  of  place 
in  the  *  Proceedings/  Those  who  use  the  Mazatlan  Catalogue  are 
requested  to  observe  not  only  the  corrections  in  the  Appendix, 
pp.  547-552,  but  also  those  made  in  the  Review  of  Professor  C.  B. 
Adams's  Panama  Catalogue,  P  Z.  S.  1863,  p.  339;  and  in  the 
British  Association  Reports,  1863,  pp.  5-43  <?£  seq.  The  numbers, 
both  of  species  and  of  tablets,  are  continued  from  the  Mazatlau 
Catalogue,  and  correspond  with  those  in  the  Report.  The  student 
of  the  Gulf  fauna  should  also  consult  the  account  of  Mr.  Xantus's 

255 


T)R.  p.  p.  CARPENTER  ON  NEW  SPECIES 

('ape  St.  Lucas  shells  in  the  'Annals  Nat.  Elist.'  1864,  and  in  the 
Report,  pp.  616-026*. 

704.  CELLEPORA  AREOLATA,  Buskf. 

Tablet  2540  contains  a  specimen  on  Omphalius  ligulatus, 

705.  MEMBRANIPORA  ?FLEMJNGII,  Buskf. 
Tablet  2541  contains  a  group  on  O.  liyulatus. 

*  The  following  additional  specimens  from  the  Reigen  Collection  have  been 
presented  to  the  British  Museum . — 

Tablet. 

12*.  A  group  on  Omphalius  ligulatus. 

13*.  Lepralia  adpressa  and  Membranipora,  sp.  ind.,  on  ditto. 
42.  Young  opposite  valve  of  t  Solecurtus ,  perhaps  conspecific. 
201*.  Four  young  valves  (smallest  '05  by  -034)  probably  of  this  species. 
266*.  Minute    transparent  valve,  '028  across,    teeth  unformed;    perhaps  of 

this  species. 

358*.  Two  specimens ;  margin  irregular. 
594*.  Several  specimens  in  Uvanilla  unguis ;  one,  not  having  room  within,  has 

made  a  case  for  itself  outside  the  Uvanilla. 
642*.  A  pair,  -3  by  -15 ;  probably  an  older  state  of  the  same  species,  Barbatia 

alternata. 
60*.  A  minute,  transparent  valve,  -045  by  '024,  without  teeth ;  resembling 

"?  Saxicava  fragilis,  Nyst,"  Jeffr.,  in  '  Ann.  Nat.  Hist.,'  Aug.  1858. 
486*.  A  young  shell,  -06  across,  laid  open ;  crowded  inside,  especially  near  the 

umbones,  with  a  pinkish  mass  of  young  ones,  about  -0018  in  length. 
500.  A  younger  pair,  much  more  transverse,  transparent,  without  concentric 
ridges,  the  lateral  teeth  in  one  valve  being  simply  the  raising  of  the 
dorsal  margins. 

833*.  Two  young  specimens,  nestling  among  Nullipore  on  Fissurella  alba. 
869*.  Two  specimens,  with  egg-cases  arranged  in  pattern  like  Orbitolitcs. 
876*.  One  specimen,  curiously  mended  after  fracture. 
877*.  One  specimen,  with  columella  curiously  contorted. 
1023*.  One  specimen,  with  ribs  rounded  and  aspect  of  Siphonaria  lecanium ; 

probably  a  distinct  species. 
1058*.  One  young  specimen,  probably  conspecific,  though  only  '07  by  '047; 

there  is  no  trace  of  spire. 
1059*.  Three  specimens ;  broad  form. 
1468*.  Fragment  of  Spondylus  calcifer,  with  basal  supports  of  Hipponyx  ?ser« 

ratus,  in  burrow  of  Lithophagm  plumula. 
1795*.  Two  specimens  with  five  intercalary  teeth. 
1834*.  One  specimen  with  the  canal  bent  back,  as  in  Cassidaria. 
2221*.  One  specimen,  mended  after  severe  fracture. 
2223*.  One  specimen;  columellar  fold  bifid. 
2224*.  Two  specimens ;  columella  bent  and  straight. 
2225*.  One  specimen ;  labrum  thin. 
2226*.  One  specimen ;  ribs  close. 

2376*.  One  specimen,  dwarf  form  ;  nodulous,  as  in  N.  nodulifera,  Phil. 
2516.  An  opposite  larger  valve,  since  found,  in  which  there  is  only  one  distinct 

posterior  tooth,  and  the  anterior  hooked  tooth  is  separating  into  two. 
[2534.  One  specimen  of  Vitrinellafttricarinata,]\m..,  of  which  the  ribs   are 
nodulous  in  the  young  state.     If  rightly  determined,  this  adds  nc.  710 
to  the  list  of  species.] 

2536.  A  nuclear  shell,  -046  across,  of  Naticoid  shape,  very  finely  striated  in  each 
direction.     It  is  probably  a  young  Hipponyx 

t  Both  of  ttiese  species  were  kindly  identified  by  Mr.  Q-.  Busk. 

256 


OF  MOLLUSKS  FROM  MAZATLAN. 

Genus  CYCLADEI  IA. 

Tata  bivalvis,  tennis,  tzquilateralis,  cequivalvis,  hand  hians,  um~ 
bonibus  planatis.  Lig amentum  tenuissimum,  externum.  Cardo 
linea  curvata,  dent.  lat.  distantibus,  card,  transversis,  hand 
radiantibus. 

56.  CYCLADELLA  PAPYRACEA,  n.  sp, 

C.  t.  tenuissima,  subdiaphana,  epidermide  tenui  induta,  planatat 
suborbiculari ;  concentrice  fortiter  lirata,  liris  rotundatis,  intus 
excavatis;  tota  superjicie  hneis  granulosis  radiantibus  creber- 
rimis  minutissime  ccelata;  dent.  card,  i.-ii.  transversis,  mar- 
gini  dorsali  subparallelis  ;  dent.  lat.  validis. 
=  "  Tellina  leburnea,  Hani."  (fragments  only),  Maz.  Cat.  no.  56. 
Mr.  Hanley   kindly  sent  for  my  inspection   a  perfect  pair  (as 
"  Lepton  "),  which  he  had  found  nestling  in  a  burrow  in  Spondylus. 
The  hinge  more  resembles  Cyclas  (Lam.)  than  any  other  known 
genus.     Its  great  peculiarity  is,  that  the  cardinal  teeth,  instead  of 
radiating  from  the  umbo,  fall  in  the  curve  of  the  hinge-line,  as 
though  uniting  the  lateral  teeth.    The  shell  is  too  thin  (being  deeply 
indented  within  by  the  concentric  waves)  to  make  out  the  pallial 
line  ;  but  no  trace  of  sinus  is  visible.     It  may  therefore  rank,  provi- 
sionally, under  Kelliadce,  although  in  other  respects  its  affinitiea 
appear  to  be  with  (Edalia  and  Cooperella.     The  ligament  appears 
little  more  than  a  prolongation  of  the  epidermis.     Beside  the  trans- 
verse cardinal  teeth,  there  is  in  each  valve  a  curved  line,  slightly 
raised,  like  the  end  of  a  finger-nail,  which  bounds  what  would  be  the 
lunule  in  other  shells. 

Long.  -1,  lat.  -123,  alt. -045. 

Hab.  Mazatlan ;  one   perfect  specimen   from   Havre  Collection 
(Mus.  Hani.)  ;  fragments,  Liverpool  Collection, 

706.    ?MONTACUTA  OBTUSA,  n.  Sp. 

?M.  t.  planatat  valde  incequilaterali,  subrhomboidea ;  subdia- 
phana  sen  chalcedonica,  hand  punctata,  Itevi;  marginibus  pie- 
rumque  regulariter  excurvatis,  dorsali  rectoy  umbonibus  haud 
prominentibus ;  cardine,  vtraque  in  valva,  dente  uno  cardinad 
et  fossa  ligamentali ;  dent  lat.  altera  valva  elongatist  reclis, 
altera  vix  conspicuis. 

Differs  from  ?  M .  dioneea  in  the  elongation  of  the  lateral  teeth, 
and  in  the  possession  of  a  distinct  cardinal  tooth  in  each  valve. 

Long.   047,  lat. -06,  alt.  -01. 

Hab.  Mazatlan  ;  two  fresh  specimens,  Liverpool  Collection* 

Tablet  2530  contains  the  larger  specimen;  the  other  is  trans 
parent. 

696.  PECTUNCULTJS,  sp.  incu 

Tablet  253 1  contains  a  minute  valve,  '033  across  ;  outside  *r*«.v 
close,  prominent  concentric  ridges,  foliated  by  about  twenty-fr»m 
17  257 


271  DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  NEW  SPECIES 

rounded  ribs,  which  are  evanescent  near  the  umbo.     Inside  with  a 
very  few  strong  teeth,  developed  in  a  curved  line. 

698.    SCISSURELLA  RIMULOIDES,  n.  Sp. 

S.  t.  rapide  augente,  albida,  tenuissima ;  apice  celato ;  anfr. 
in.,  radiatim  liratis,  liris  subdistantibus,  acutis,  obliquis ;  um- 
bilico  magno;  labro  derlivi,  haud  Jisso,  sed  apertura  postica, 
ut  in  "  Rimula"  formata,  subquadrata,  elongata;  liris  trans- 
versis  gradus  testa  increscentis  dejinientibus ;  peritremate  con- 
tinuo,  obliquo. 

Only  one  specimen  was  found  of  this  beautiful  little  species,  the 
first  known  from  America.  It  looks  like  a  Velutina  crossed  by 
sharp  ribs  in  the  direction  of  the  slanting  mouth.  In  the  first  whorl 
*iie  ribs  are  very  close.  It  then  assumes  its  normal  sculpture,  but 
there  is  nearly  a  whorl  before  there  is  any  trace  of  incision.  This 
appears  to  have  begun  as  a  slit,  which  was  afterwards  closed  up.  A 
band,  marked  off  by  ten  transverse  ribs  showing  stages  of  growth, 
encircles  the  shell  as  far  as  the  hole,  which  is  long  find  somewhat 
octangular;  but  there  is  no  band  between  the  hole  and  fhe  outer 
iip.  The  shell  furnishes  a  complete  transition  to  Rimula.  It  is 
preserved  on  tablet  2532. 

Long.  -023,  long.  spir.  '003,  lat.  '03  ;  div.  140°. 

Hab.  Mazatlan  ;  off  Spondylus  calcifer ;  Liverpool  Collection. 

699.  VlTRINELLA  ORNATA,  n.  Sp. 

V.  t.  subdiscoidea,  diaphana,  tenuissima;  anfr.  iv.,  quorum  iii. 
primi  nucleosi,  insculpti  ;  ultimo  carina  maxima  circa  penphe- 
riam  ;  postice  subangulata,  rugis  radiantibus  et  striohs  spi- 
ralibus  ornata ;  antice  carinatat  carina  nodosa ;  basi  carina 
altera  et  ruais  radiantibus  ornata;  umbilico  angulato,  satis 
magno  ;  labro  a  carina  indentato. 

Long.  -015,  lat.  '028--035  ;  div.  (circ.)  175°. 

Hab.  Mazatlan ;  one  specimen  off  Spondylus,  on  tablet  2533 ; 
Liverpool  Collection. 

700.  VlTRINELLA  TENUISCULPTA,  n.  Sp. 

V.  t. planata,  diaphana,  tenuissima;  anf.  iii.  et  dimidio,  quorum 
iii.  nucleosi;  striis  elevatis,  spiralibusy  quorum  una  magna, 
quasi  carina  prope  suturam  sculpta ;  peripheria  haud  angu- 
lata  ;  basi  bis  angulata,  interdum  rugis  radiantibus  distantibus 
ornata;  umbilico  satis  magno,  carinato ;  apertura  undata,sub- 
quadrata. 

The  sculpture  is  not  uniform  over  the  last  whorl.  The  principal 
diagnostic  features  are  the  biangulated  base,  the  infrasutural  keel, 
and  the  rounded  periphery, 

Long.  -016,  long.  spir.  0,  lat.  '023--03 ;  div.  180°. 
Hab.  Mazatlan;  one  specimen  off  Spondylus,  on  tablet  2534 1 
Liverpool  Collection. 

258 


OF  MOLLT7SK3  FROM  MAZATLAN,  372 

701.  ?  VITRINELLA,  sp.  ind. 

Tablet  2535  contains  »  fragment,  '085  across,  of  what  wa*»  pro- 
bably a  gigantic  species  of  this  genus  or  of  Cyclotrema,  strong^ 
keeled. 

492,    DlALA  PATJPERCULA,  C.  B.  Ad. 

=  Cingula  paupercula,  C.  B.Ad.  Pan.  Shells,  no.  :  diapxos* 

tnutata. 

=  10dostomia  mamillata,  Maz.  Cat.  no.  492  :  diagnosi  aucta. 

D.  t.  nitida,  solida ;  vert.  nucL  anfr.  iv.,  lirulis  spiralibus  ei 
radiantibus  tenuiter  decussato ;  t.  adulta  decollata,  vestice 
mamillato ;  anfr.  norm,  iv.;  peritremate  continue ;  basi  obtuse 
angulata,  lacuna  umbilicaii  a  labio  separata  formata. 

Long.  -085,  long,  spirse  -055,  lat.  '05  ;  div.  34°. 

The  fortunate  discovery  of  a  perfect  young  specimen  and  some 
adult  shells  in  the  shell-washings  of  Professor  Adams's  collection 
enables  us  to  explain  the  anomalies  described  in  the  Mazatlan  Cata- 
logue, where  the  solitary  dead  shell  was  referred,  with  doubt,  to 
Odostomia,  in  consequence  of  its  truncated  apex.  It  was  not  pos- 
sible to  recognize  in  it  Professor  Adams's  "  Cingula"  since  that  was 
described  as  having  the  apex  "  subacute,"  and  the  angular  base  ant1 
continuous  peritreme  were  not  mentioned.  The  nuclear  whorls  are 
sculptured  as  in  Alaba  supralirata  ;  but  the  vertex,  instead  of  being 
persistent  as  in  that  genus,  appears  to  be  always  decollated  in  the 
adult.  The  shell  has  the  peculiar  glossy  texture  of  Diala. 

702.  MANGELIA  SULCATA,  n.  sp. 

M.  t.  subturrita,  albida,  apice  obtuso ;  anfr.  vii.,  tumidioribus  9 
liris  vii.,  obtusis>  rectis,  vix  angulatis  ;  sulcis  spiralibis  creber- 
rimis,  circa  basim  continuis ;  labrol  .  . .  \_fracto]. 

Long   -2,  long.  sp.  -12,  lat.  '07  ;  div.  35°. 

Hab.  Mazatlan ;  one  specimen  off  Spondylus,  on  tablet  2538  j 
Liverpool  Collection, 

703.  ?  TORINIA,  sp.  in. 

Tablet  2539  contains  a  small  shell,  '035  across,  consisting  of  3| 
smooth,  flattened,  sinistral  whorls ;  with  a  distinct  suture,  but  not 
umbilicated.  In  a  larger  specimen  (unfortunately  lost),  under  the 
microscope  this  sinistral  vertex  appeared  turned  completely  upside 
down,  with  more  than  half  a  whorl  of  an  orbicular  shell,  vhite. 
sculptured  like  Vitrinella,  with  a  very  strong  peripherical  keel,  and 
other  smaller  keels,  decussated  by  radiating  rugae.  This  mode  oi 
growth  is  exactly  as  in  the  young  Torinia  ;  but  the  adult  must  have 
been  very  distinct  from  any  known  species,  and  perhaps  did  not 
belong  to  any  described  genus. 

550.    MUCRONALIA  INVOLTJTA,  n.  Sp. 

M.   t.  parva,  tenui,  albida,  irregular?,  marginibus  spirts  valdt 
KKCurvatis;  vert  ice  dediv"' ;  anf.  norm.  vi.  +. .  . .  satis  excur* 
259 


273  DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  NEW  SPECIES 

vatis,  suturis  valde  impressis  ;  basi  prolong  at  a  >  obtusu  ;  aper* 
tura  ovali,  postice  angusta ;  labro  acuto ;  tabio  tenuissimo, 

Long.  -105,  long,  spir   '068,  lat.  '033  ;  div.  20°. 

=Leiostraca  Irecta,  Maz.  Cat.  in  loco :  non  C.  B.  Ad. 

551.  LEIOSTRACA  PRODUCTA,  n.  sp. 

L.  t.  parva,  albida,  subfusiformi,  marginibus  spirts  rectis;  vert  ire 
acutiore,  recto;  anfr.  norm,  ix.,  planatis,  suturis  vix  conx/ri- 
cuis ;  periphena  satis  rotundata  ;  basi  rapide  anyustata,  postea 
producta;  apertura  subrhomboiJea,  axi  antice  acuta,  anyulata; 
labro  acuto  ;  labio  tenui. 

Long   -123,  long,  spir   '08,  lat  -046;  div.  23°. 

=  Leiostraca  1  solitaria,  Maz   Cat.,  in  loco:  non  C.  B.  Ad. 

This  species  is  easily  recognized  by  its  very  peculiar  sharply- 
pointed  beak ;  in  shape  like  a  young  Kostellaria,  without  the  canal. 

652.  ANACHIS  TVENIATA,  Phil. 

Columbella  taniata,  Phil,  in  Zeit  j.  MnL  1846,  no.  26  (non  Ad. 
&  Rve.  in  Voy  Samarang). 

—Anachis  Gaskoini,  Cpr.  in  Maz.  Cat  p.  510.  no.  652. 

Variat  lineis  spiralibus  fuscis  viii.,   quarum  iii.   in  spira  mon* 
strantur  ;  maculis  alternatis  inter  secundam  et  tertiam  sitis. 
Variat  quoque  maculis  evanesceniibus. 

Hab.  Callao  (teste  Gaakoin)  ;  Mazatlan  (E.  B.  Philippi,  Reigen); 
Cape  St.  Lucas  (Xantus) 

It  appears  that  Mr.  Gaskoin  was  not  acquainted  with  Phi- 
lippi's  species,  which  had  not  then  reached  the  Cumingian  Collec- 
tion ;  as  he  pronounced  M.  Reigen's  specimen  to  be  new,  and  sug- 
gested the  specific  name  in  the  Mazatlan  Catalogue.  It  would  have 
avoided  a  double  synonymy,  could  the  name  tceniata  have  been  re- 
tamed  for  the  Samarang  shell,  and  Mr.  Gaskom's  for  this.  The 
Cape  St.  Lucas  shells  vary  as  above  inlicated. 

650.  ?ANACHIS  SERRATA,  Cpr. 

Maz.  Cat.  no.  650,  p.  509.  Perfect  specimens  of  this  singular 
species  having  been  found  at  Cape  St.  Lucas  by  Mr.  Xantus,  the 
diagnosis  may  be  thus  completed  : — 

Epidermide  fimbnata,  lirulas  spirales  eleganter  decussante  ;  labri 
denticulis  variantibus,  interdum  subobsoletis. 

Long.  -28.  long,  spir     15.  lat  -13;  div.  40°. 

With  the  sculpture  and  general  aspect  of  a  small  Cantharus,  it  has 
the  mouth  of  an  Anachis.  The  opercuJum,  and  therefore  the  generic 
relations,  are  not  yet  known*. 

*  The  following  additions  and  corrections  may  bo  useful  to  the  students  of 
the  British  Museum  Catalogue : — 

Species  181  Area  multicostafa  further  differs  from  A.grandis  in  the  epi- 
dermis being  soft  and  very  finely  hairy. 

260 


OF  MOLLUSKS  FROM  MAZATLAN.  27^ 

223.  The  length  should  be  1-1. 

319.  For  "  labio  nullo  "  read  "  tenuissimo  " 

330   The  nuclear  shell  has  two  whorls,  AmpuIZarm-sh&ped.. 
.  367.  Add  to  diagnosis,  " operculo  concavo,  linea  elevata  suturam  definiente" 

368.  Add  to  diagnosis,  "operculo  vix  concavo,  suturis  minus  definitis" 

373.  Add  to  diagnosis,  "  operculo  concavo,  sut.uris  distinctis,  peripherian 
versus  linea  elevata  instructis."  The  species  was  found  living  among  the  smal 
Olivetta. 

376.  Add  to  diagnosis,  "  operculo  concavo,  suturis  wx  defimtis"  Living 
among  Olivellts. 

501  Instead  of  the  specimen  from  which  the  description  in  the  text  wa 
written,  tablet  1966  contains  a  much  tiner  shell,  since  found,  which  allows  of  th 
following  additions  to  the  diagnosis : — "  vert  nucl.  parvo,  satis  extante,  deck 
viter  sito  ;  anfr.  norm,  v  ;  interstitiis  carinarum  transversim  rugulosis  ;  labr 
toMiore.  Long.  087,  long,  spir  057,  lat.  -038." 

510.  A  very  beautiful  shell,  found  in  the  refuse  of  Professor  Adams's  Panam 
collection,  is  probably  of  this  species,  though  the  sutural  cancellations  are  close 
It  has  one  more  whorl  •  vertex  Chemmtzoid,  of  three  Helicoid  whorls,  scarcel, 
projecting ;  apex  hidden 

650.  From  perfect  Cape  St.  Lucas  specimens,  add  the  following  to  diagnosis 
— "  epidermide  fimbriata,  lirulas  spzrales  eleganter  decussante." 

Page  312.  Add  to  the  diagnoses  of  opercula  of  Vermetidce: — 

"  (h.)  Operculum  corneum,  intus  convexum,  nitidum,  umbone  magno  extantt 
aztus  concavum,  paucisptrale,  lamina  extante  suturas  definiente.  Diam.  -045. 
Tablet  2537  contains  the  only  specimen  found,  resembling  Siphonium,  froc 
the  Spondylus-vra,shmgs. 

Tablet  447  is  Liocardium  apicinum,  which  should  stand  as  species  709. 

Page  314,  note  *  (et  seq.),  for  " Inflatulum"  read  "  Mioceraa," 

Page  359,  line  18,  for  "regular"  read  "irregular." 

261 


H. 


DESCRIPTIONS 


NEW  SPECIES  AND  VARIETIES  OF  CHITONIM  AND  ACIMDJS, 


FBOM 


THE  PANAMA  COLLECTION  OF  THE  LATE  PROF.  C.  B.  ADAMS. 


BY 
PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B.A.,  PH.D. 


From  the  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London,  pp.  274-277, 
March  14,  1865. 


(   263  ) 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  NEW  WPECIES  AND  VARIETIES  OF  CHITONIDJB 
AND  ACM^EID^E,  FROM  THE  PANAMA  COLLECTION  OF  THE 
LATE  PROF.  C.  B.  ADAMS.  BY  PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B.A., 

PH.D. 

LEPIDOPLEURTJS  ADAMSII. 

L.  t.  "  L.  dispari"  simili;  pallide  rufo-fusca,  colore  intensiore 
irregulariter  strigata  sen  macula ta  ;  scepius  maculis  albidis 
regione  diagonali  ornata  ;  jugo  vix  acuto ;  areis  centralibus 
et  valvis  terminalibus  conspicue  granulosis ;  areis  lateralibus 
irregulariter  verrucosis,  verrucis  plerumque  lobatis ;  mucrone 
antico,  vix  conspicuo  :  intus,  valvis  centralibus  uni-,  termina- 
libus viii.— x.-fissis  ;  subgrundis  parvis,  dentibus  acutis  ;  sutu- 
j'is  medianis  postice  rectis,  antice  laminas  haud  attingentibus, 
sinu  planato,  latissimo  :  limbo  pallii  imbricatim  squamoso. 

Long.  -6,  lat.  -3  poll. ;  div.  1 10°. 

Variat  verrucis  minus  expressis,  simplicioribus. 

—  Chiton  dispar,  C.  B.  Ad.  no.  373,  par. 

—  Lophyrus  adamsii,  P.  Z.  S.,  1863,  p.  24. 

Unfortunately  for  those  who  do  not  like  to  remove  the  non-tes- 
taceous portion  from  their  Chitons,  as  they  do  from  their  other  shells, 
the  mantle-margin  by  no  means  affords  a  safe  clue  to  the  structure 
of  the  valves.  Among  the  species  of  the  genus  Ischnochiton,  Gray, 

265 


275  DR.  P.  P.  CARPEKTER  ON  NEW  SPECIES 

(  =  Lepidop?eurus,  Add.,)  known  by  the  sharp  incisor-teeth  lying 
within  a  projecting  lip,  there  are  three  types  of  mantle-margin, 
which  may  be  conveniently  separated  as  subgenera,  to  aid  in  the 
difficult  task  of  describing  and  identifying  species.  The  typical 
forms,  for  which  the  name  Ischnochiton  should  be  retained,  have  the 
scales  somewhat  chaffy,  and  very  finely  striated.  I.  magdalensis 
and  /.  sanguineus  well  represent  the  group.  But  another  series  have 
the  mantle-scales  imbricate  and  strong,  as  in  Chiton,  Gray,  (  =  Lo- 
phyrus,  Add.,)  from  which  they  cannot  be  distinguished  without 
dissection.  For  this  Messrs.  Adams's  name  Lepidopleurus  may  be 
retained  in  a  restricted  sense.  It  is  uncertain  what  l\isso's  original 
genus  was  meant  to  include :  his  diagnosis  applies  to  all  Chitons 
with  distinct  side-areas  and  scaly  margins. 

A  third  group,  separated  by  Dr.  Gray  in  his  c  Guide,'  p.  182,  as 
having  the  "  mantle-scales  minute,  granular,"  has  been  named  Tra- 
chydermon :  it  abounds  in  the  Californian  region. 

The  specimens  of  L.  adamsii  were  found  among  the  duplicates 
named  Chiton  dispar  by  the  Professor ;  one  was  attached  to  Discina 
cumingii. 

LEPIDOPL.EURUS  TENUISCULPTUS. 

L.  t.  "L.  adamsii"  simili ;  olivacea,  color e pall ido  sen  intension 
minute  variegata ;  tota  superficie  minute  granulosa ;  areut 
lateralibus  vix  definitis  ;  suturis  plerumque  albido  maculatis  ; 
mucrone  antico,  satis  conspicuo,  parte  postica  concava  :  intus, 
ut  in  "L.  adamsii "  for  mat  a. 

Variat :  t.  pallidore,  ad  jugum  rufo-tincta. 

=  Chiton  dispar,  C.  B.  Ad.  no.  373,  pars. 

The  outside  of  this  shell  so  much  resembles  the  young  of  Chito,. 
(Lophyrus)  stokesii,  that  specimens  may  have  been  distributed  undei 
that  name.  Very  few  individuals  were  found. 

ISCHNOCHITON  ELENENSIS  (diagn.  auct.). 

Extus  areis  centralibus  clathris  parallelis  circ.  xx.  decussatis , 
ar.  lat.  costis  ii.,  validioribus,  tumidis,  tuberculosis :  intus 
marginibus  suturalibus  posticis  reflexis,  tuberculatis,  sinu  ad 
jugum  parvo ;  laminis  insertionis  unifissis,  ad  laminas  sutu- 
rales  anlicos  junctis,  sinu  latissimo.  Valva  antica  extus  costis 
xii.,  haud  validis  ;  intus  Jissuris  x.,  dentibus  acutis,  subgrundd 
parva.  Valva  postica  mucrone  subpostico,  depresso ;  parte 
postica  expansa,  concava,  costis  circ.  xi.  subobsoletis ;  intvs 
lamina  insertionis  circ.  ix-.-fasa,  dentibus  curtis,  subgrunda 
parva,  intus  callosa. 

The  central  valves  in  this  species  are  normal ;  but  the  posterior 
valve  offers  a  transition  towards  Callochiton,  the  outside  being  con- 
cave posteriorly,  the  insertion-teeth  short  and  the  eaves  callous. 

ISCHNOCHITON  (?  var.)  EXPRESSUS. 

I.  t.  "I.  elenensi"  simili,  sed  carnea ;  areis  centr.  clathris  x., 

266 


AND  VARIETIES  OF  CHITONIDJC  AND  ACM.EIDJE.  276 

distantibus,  crebre  decussatis,  jugo  acuto  ;  ar.  lat.  costis  ii., 
validissimis,  angustis,  tuberculis  angustis  :  intus  marginibus 
suturalibus  posticis  planatis,  hand  tuberculosis,  haud  sinuatis; 
lam.  insert,  ut  antea,  sinu  angusto,  adjugum  angulato.  Valva 
antica  costis  x.,  validis,  angustis:  intus  ut  antea,  sed  fissuris 
viii.  Valva  postica  mucrone  postico,  planato  ;  parte  postica 
expansa,  haud  concava,  costis  circ.  vii.  validissimis  :  intus 
lamina  circ.  \\\.-Jissa,  subgrunda  planata. 

With  a  strong  general  resemblance  to  I.  elenensis,  the  differences 
in  detail  in  the  only  two  specimens  examined,  as  above  stated,  ap- 
pear of  specific  importance.  If  only  varietal,  it  is  equally  important 
to  notice  how  much  change  is  tolerated  by  the  habits  of  the  animal. 
It  may  be  the  shell  called  Chiton  clathratus  by  Prof.  Adams,  of  which 
there  were  no  duplicates  to  compare.  It  offers  a  still  more  marked 
transition  to  Callochiton,  the  margin  of  the  posterior  valve  being 
somewhat  pectinated  by  the  great  projection  of  the  ribs. 

"  CALLOCHITON  "  PULCHELLUS  :  diagn.  auct. 

Extus  areis  centr,  lincis  interdum  parallelis,  interdum  radian- 
tibus,  rugose  scrobiculatis  ;  ar.  lat.  costis  ii.,  validissimis,  im- 
bricato-nodons  :  valva  antica  costis  similibus  circ.  ix.  :  v. 
post,  area  centrali  lata  ;  mucrone  subpostico,  planato;  parte 
postica  costis  vii.  similibus,  medianis  curtissimis,  excurvatis  : 
pallio  squamulis  minutis  imbricatis.  Intus  v.  ant.  subgrunda 
(ut  in  Ischnochitonej  munita,  sed  a  costis  pectinata  ;  dentibus 
acutis,  intus  linea  undulata  secundum  costas  instructa,  extus 
concavis,  parte  convexu  costarum  incisis  :  v.  medianis  similiter 
pectinatis,  laminis  secundum  costas  diag.  uniscissis  :  laminis 
suturalibus  media  continuis,  late  sinuatis;  suturis  posticis  a 
sculplura  externa  granulatis  :  v.  post,  \ii.-lobata,  marginibus 
planatis,  laminis  dense  compressis  incrassatis  ;  dentibus  obtu- 
sissimis,  appressis,  haud  extantibus,  subobsoletis,  extrorsum 
planatiSy  ut  in  v.  ant.  Jlssis  ;  interdum  fissuris  quoque  in  par- 
tibus  concavis. 

As  I  have  seen  no  published  diagnosis  of  the  very  peculiar  type  of 
insertion-plates  observed  in  this  species,  which  has  hitherto  been  too 
rare  to  allow  working  naturalists  an  opportunity  of  dissection,  I  have 
given  a  minute  description.  The  plates  of  insertion,  as  well  as  the 
exterior  eaves,  are  scalloped  by  the  strong  ribs,  and  alternate  with 
them.  In  the  posterior  valve  the  eaves  are  flattened  outwards,  in 
closely  appressed  layers,  the  blunt,  ill-developed  insertion-teeth 
lying  flat  upon  them.  The  valves  easily  separate  from  the  mantle, 
when  immersed  in  water.  Outside,  the  species  is  easily  recognized 
by  the  two  strong  ribs  of  the  diagonal  areas,  the  central  pitted  in 
somewhat  branching  rows,  and  the  ribs  on  the  curiously  flattened 
posterior  valve  resembling  a  clenched  fist. 


(?  FLOCCATA,  var.)    FILOSA. 

A.  t.  "A.  rnesoleuc8e"/orwza  et  indolesimili;  sed  sculptura  multo 

267 


DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  CHITONID^  AND  ACM^ElDJi. 

tenuiore  ;  1.  jnn.  lavi  ;  dein  Hrulis  deticatulis,  acittist  haml 
granulosis,  valde  distantibus,  inrerdum  obsolctis,  Jilosa  ;  intcr- 
stitiis  l-atis,  Itevibus  ;  tenui,  planata,ovali,subdiaph(ina;  nigro- 
fusco,  corneo  radiatim  striyata,  sen  varie  macula  t  a  :  tntus 
licida  seu  albida,  coloribus  externis  tr  anseuntibus  ;  limbo  lato, 
acuto. 

Long.  -7,  lat.  -56,  alt.  -12. 

—  Lottia  ?  patina,  C.  B.  Ad.  Pan.  Shells,  no.  367. 
Hab.  Panama  (C.  B.  Adams). 

There  is  no  described  west-tropical  species  to  which  these  shells 
can  be  affiliated,  unless  they  prove  to  be  a  very  delicate  variety  of 
A.  Jloccata,  Rve.  Unfortunately  the  Panama  limpets  have  never 
been  collected  in  sufficient  numbers  to  make  out  their  specific  limits 
satisfactorily.  The  names  here  given  may  stand  as  species  or  va- 
rieties, according  to  future  elucidation.  In  shape  and  texture,  but 
not  in  colour  or  sculpture,  these  shells  resemble  A.  fascicidaris  ;  in 
the  latter  respects,  A.  strigatella.  They  were  named  "  tenera,  Ad." 
by  Dr.  Dohrn,  but  are  sufficiently  distinct  from  that  West-Indian 
species. 

ACM.EA  (?  FLOCCATA,  var.)  SUBROTUNDATA. 

A.  t.  "A.  var.  filosee"  simili,  sed  subrotundata,  magis  elevata, 
vertice  subcentrali  ;  colore  intensiore,  lineis  cornels  crebrioribus, 
angustis  ;  t.  jun.  scepe  pallidiore,  radiis  duobus  postice  trian- 
gulata  :  intus  callo  livido,  tenuiore. 

Long.  -53,  lat.  -45,  alt.  -15. 

=  Lottia,  sp.  ind.  a,  C.  B,  Ad.  Pan.  Shclls.no.  368. 

Hab.  Panama  ((?.  B.  Adamaj. 


(?  var.)  VERNICOSA. 

A.  t.  parva,  subrotundata,  depresso-conica,  apice  ad  duas  quintets 
paries  sito  ;  albido-viridi,  strigis  paucis  rufo-fuscis  hie  et  illic 
ornata,  scepius  radiis  duobus  candidist  postice  trianguluta  ; 
extus  lineis  acutis  radiantibus,  valde  distantibus,  scepe  obsoletis 
mx  sculpta  :  intus  livida,  callosa,  scepius  spathula  Candida  or- 
nata ;  basi  subplanata,  limbo  angusto. 
Long.  -3,  lat.  -24,  alt.  '1. 
Hab.  Panama  (Jewett,  C.  B.  Adams). 
=  Lottia,  sp.  ind.  b,  C.  B.  Ad.  Pan.  Shells,  no.  369. 
Had  this  form  been  brought  from  the  China  Seas,  it  might  have 
been  taken  for  the  young  of  A.  biradiata,  Rve.     From  its  solidity, 
however,  its  rough"  exterior,  and  its  callous   interior,  it  appears  to 
be  adult.     It  is  barely  possible  that  it  may  develope  into  A.  vesper- 
tina.     It  differs  from  the  young  of  A.  subrotundata  in  being  much 
thicker  and  less  spotted  with  the  green  tint. 

268 


I. 


DIAGNOSES 


NEW  SPECIES   OF   MOLLUSKS, 


THE  WEST  TROPICAL  REGION  OF  NORTH  AMERICA, 

PRINCIPALLY  COLLECTED  BY  THE  RET.  J.  ROWELL,  OP  SAN  PRANCISCO 

BY 

PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B.  A.,  PH.  D. 


From  the  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London,  pp.  278-282, 
March  14,  1865. 


(   269   ) 


DIAGNOSES  OF  NEW  SPECIES  OF  MOLLTJSKS,  FROM  THE  WESI 
TROPICAL  REGION  OF  NORTH  AMERICA,  PRINCIPALLY  COL 

LECTED    BY  THE   REV.   J.   RoWELL,  OF  SAN   FRANCISCO.       B* 

PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B.A.,  PH.D. 

Of  the  new  species  quoted  in  the  "  Supplementary  Report  on  the 
Present  State  of  our  Knowledge  of  the  Mollusca  of  the  West  Coas* 
of  North  America,"  published  in  the  Transactions  of  the  British  As 
sociation,  1863,  pp.  517-686,  the  principal  portion  (namely,  those 
dredged  by  Dr.  J.  G.  Cooper,  Zoologist  to  the  California!!  State 
Geological  Survey)  are  described  in  the  '  Proceedings  of  the  California 
Acad.  Nat.  Sciences,'  for  1864-65;  those  dredged  in  Puget  Sound, 
during  the  U.  S.  North  Pacific  Boundary  Survey,  by  the  late  Dr. 
Kennerley,  are  described  in  the  'Journal  of  the  Philadelphia  Acad. 
Nat.  Sc.'  for  the  present  year.  The  species  obtained  by  the  natu- 
ralists of  the  British  Survey  are  described  in  three  papers  by  Dr. 
Baird  and  myself,  P.  Z.  S.  1863-65.  The  new  species  sent  by 
Mr.  J.  Xantus  from  Cape  St.  Lucas,  and  by  Mr.  J.  G.  Swan  from 
Neeah  Bay,  appear  in  the  'Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,'  1864-65.  In 
the  same  Journal  are  described  the  new  species  which  I  found  in 
Col.  Jewett's  collection.  Those  sent  to  Dr.  Gould  from  the  same  col- 
lection had  been  previously  analyzed  in  the  '  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.'  1856. 
The  above  are  the  principal  sources  of  fresh  knowledge;  but  a  number 
of  species  from  the  Californian  province,  which  do  not  range  under 
any  of  these  heads,  will  be  found  in  the  'Journal  de  Conchy liologie' 
for  the  current  year. 

In  separate  papers  communicated  to  the  Zoological  Society  are  the 
diagnoses  of  additional  species  from  Prof.  Adams's  Panama  and  from 
M.  Reigen's  Mazatlan  collections.  The  remaining  species,  from  the 
tropical  province,  are  embodied  in  the  present  paper.  The  types 
(unless  otherwise  stated)  are  in  the  Museum  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution. 

(TELLINA)  ANGULUS  DECUMBENS. 

A.  t.  tenui,  subplanata,  alba  sen  rosacea ;  lavi,  striolis  incre- 
menti  insculpta  ;  epidermide  pallide  straminea  induta  ;  antice 
et  ventraliter  valde  producta ;  postice  truncata,  angulata ; 
umbonibus  acutioribus,  vix  prominentibns ;  maryinibus  dorsa- 
libus  postico  recto,  antico  ad  angulum  parum  excurvaio,  antico 
et  ventrali  valde  et  regulqriter  excurvatis  ;  parte  postica  v. 
dexfr.  subito  angulata,  v.  sinistr.  parum  sinuata  ;  nymphis  an- 
gustis,  elongaliSy  cartilagine  omnino  externo  :  dent.  card,  mi 
nimis ;  dent.  lat.  v.  dextr.  antico  satis  conspicuo,  postico  obso- 
leto;  v.  sinistr.  nullis  ;  cicatr.  adduct.  posticis  subrhomboideist 
anticis  valde  elongatis,  angustis ;  sinu  pallii  maximo,  subtri- 
anffulari,  usque  ad  cicatricem  alterant,  utraque  valva  porrecta. 

Long.  1-7,  lat.  1-2,  alt.  '68  poll. 

Bab.  Panama  (teste  Rowell,  Pease). 

This  shell  was  affiliated  by  Mr.  Hanley  to  the  W.  African  T. 
"271 


279  DR.   P.   P.  CARPENTER  ON  NEW  SPECIES 

nymphalis,  but  differs  in  the  internal  scars.  Externally  it  resem- 
T.  dombeyi,  Lam.  (=  Scrobicularia  producta,  Cpr.  P.  Z.  S.  1855, 
p.  230),  but  is  easily  recognized  by  the  strictly  Tellinoid  ligament 
and  anterior  lateral  tooth,  by  the  posterior  portion  being  pinched 
instead  of  waved,  and  by  the  junction  of  the  pallial  sinus  with  the 
opposite  scar.  By  the  same  characters  it  is  distinguished  from  T» 
tersa,  Gld.,  which  closely  resembles  S.  dombeyi,  var.,  in  Mus.  Cum. 
Like  many  other  Tellens,  it  has  a  white  and  a  pink  variety.  The 
uame  was  printed  by  an  oversight  in  Brit.  Assoc.  Rep.  1863,  p.  669, 
as  A.  amplectans ;  but  as  it  was  unaccompanied  by  a  diagnosis,  and 
does  not  describe  the  shell,  no  confusion  will  arise  from  reverting 
to  the  name  first  given. 

LUCINA  UNDATA. 

L.  t.  convexa,  tenuiore,  albida;  tota  superficie  lirulis  concentricis 
creberrimis,  compressis,  hand  acutis  ornata,  inter  stitiis  mini- 
mis  ;  parte  ventrali  costis  radiantibus  iii.,  obtusis,  latis,  vnJi- 
dissimis,  interstitiis  parvis  ;  iunula  maxima,  a  sulco  bene  defi- 
nita,  sub  umbonibus  incurvatis  fossa  alta  minuta  indentata; 
parte  postica  alata ;  margine  a  costis  valde  undato,  minute 
crenulato  ;  ligamento  quasi  interno  :  intus  dent.  card,  parvis, 
a  fossa  lunulari  intortis  ;  lat.  curtis,  obtusis  ;  cicatr.  afl<h>ct. 
antica  irregulari,  postica  subovali  ;  linea  palliari  prope  mar- 
ginem  sita,  undata. 
Long.  -45,  lat.  '44,  alt.  -3. 
Hab.  ihilf  of  California  (teste  Eowelt). 

The  outline  somewhat  resembles  Cryptodon ;  but  the  aspect 
is  more  that  of  Verticordia,  while  the  minute  subumbonal  pit 
is  suggestive  of  Opis.  The  shell  is  sexpartite  ;  the  portion  between 
the  anterior  rib  and  the  lunule  resembles  a  fourth  rib,  while  the 
projecting  lunule  and  the  posterior  wing  are  quite  distinct  from  the 
body  of  the  shell.  The  specimen  sent  by  Mr.  Rowell  to  the  Smith- 
sonian Institution  was  completely  smashed.  The  diagnosis  is  written 
from  a  perfect  shell  sent  by  Dr.  Newcomb  to  Mr.  Cuming. 

CALLIOSTOMA  (?LIMA,  var.)  ^QUISCULPTA. 

C.  t.  "C.  limse"  simili ;   sed  anfr.  planatis,  suturis  houd  dis- 
tinctis ;  sculptura  regulari ;  jun.  monilibus  spiralibus  inter  se 
cequalibus  ;  t.   adulta  majore  et  minore  alternantibus ;  co'ore 
rufescente,  granulis  interdum  rufo-fusco  maculatis. 
Hab.  Acapulco  (Neivberry). 

Dr.  Newberry's  specimens  agree  in  most  essential  respects  with 
"  Trochus  lima,  Phil.,"  in  C.  B.  Ad.  Pan.  Shells,  no.  2/6,  which 
appears  identical  with  the  shells  marked  "  Ziziphinus  antonii,  Koch, 
N.  Zealand,"  in  Mus.  Cuming.  The  Acapulcan  shells  are  quite 
flat,  while  those  from  Panama  are  for  the  most  part  shouldered  as 
in  C.  eximium,  Rve.  (=  C.  versicolor,  Mke.  Maz.  Cat.  no.  28y). 
However,  there  is  no  little  variation  among  the  Professor's  speci- 
mens of  C.  lima,  and  some  are  so  slightly  shouldered  thai  the  Aca- 
pulcan form  may  be  a  local  variety. 

272 


OF  MOLLUSKS  FROM  WESTERN  NORTH  AMERICA.         280 

NARICA  INSCULPTA. 

N.  t.  "  N.  apertse"  simili,  sed  magis  compacta  ;  paullum  angus- 
'  tiore,  umbilico  tamen  major •<? ;  lineis  spiralibus  circ.  xxvi.  dis- 
tantibus  insculptis  cincta,  quorum  x.in  anfr.  penult,  monstran- 
tur  ;  postice  lineis  incrementi  vix  conspicuis. 
Long.  -3,  long.  spir.  '08,  lat.  '28;  div.  100°. 
Bab.  Acapulco,  on  Ostrea  iridescens,  Rowell. 
The  Cape  St.  Lucas  species  (vide  Ann.  Nat,  Hist.  1864,  xiii.  p.  476) 
has  the  sculpture  in  irregularly  raised  limlae,  while  this  has  minute 
grooves  chiselled  out  of  a  smooth  surface.     It  appears  that  the  San 
Franciscans  import  the  huge  tropical  oysters  in  large  quantities, 
their  own  species  having  the  coppery  flavour  which  Americans  dis- 
like in  the  British  species.     From  the  outside  of  the  valves,  Mr. 
Rowell  obtained  this  and  many  other  interesting  species. 

DlilLLIA  EBURNEA. 

P.  t.  turrita,  carneo-albida,  tenuiore,  Itevi,  maxime  nitente;  mar- 
ginibus  spirce  rectis ;  anfr.  nucl.1  .  .  .  [decollatis]  ;  norm, 
circ.  ix.,  postice  planatis,  supra  suturas  appressis,  medio  satis 
excurvatis ;  hie  et  illic  ruffi.s  radiantibus,  obsoletis.,  irregula- 
rihus  ex  sculpt  a ;  basi  prolongata,  canali  conspicuo,  aper'ij 
sinu  postico  minore,  in  eulco  Jato,  hand  definito,  spiram  rw?n- 
denle  sito  ;  labro  acuto  ;  labio  indistincto  ;  columella  pl&nata. 

Long.  1*3,  long.  spir.  -8,  lat.  '45;  div.  30°. 

Hab.  Near  Gulf  of  California  (teste  Rowell). 

Easily  recognized  by  its  smooth  glossy  aspect  and  French-white 
colour ;  the  notch  lying  along  a  broad  spiral  channel,  which  throws 
the  junction  of  the  whorl  as  it  were  up  the  suture. 

MANGELIA  ALBOLAQUEATA. 

M.  t.  solida,  turrita,  alba,  rudi,  marainibus  spirce  rectis ;  anfr. 
nucl.?    .    .   .    [decollatis]  ;  norm.  circ.  ix.  subrotundatis,  costis 
circ.  xi.-xv.,  declivibus,  satis  angustis,  postice  obsoletis,  lineis 
subreaularibus  spiram  ascendentibus  ;  lirulis  spiralibus  anticis 
crebris,  postice  obsoletis ;  basi  elongata ;  labrol  .  .  .    ;  labio 
talloso  ;  sinu  postico  majore,  suturam  attinaente. 
Long.  "88,  long.  spir.  '55,  lat.  '34;  div.  30°. 
Hab.  Panama  (teste  Rowell). 

Described  from  an  imperfect  and  worn  specimen,  but  easily  recog- 
nized by  its  ivory-white  colour,  and  ribs  in  slanting  rows,  as  though 
the  creature  were  roofed  with  white  tiles.  It  was  erroneously  quoted 
in  the  Brit.  Assoc.  Rep.  1863,  p.  669,  as  a  Drillia. 

ElJLIMA  FALCATA. 

E.  t.  valde  tereti,  valde  curvatat  alba,  politissima,  solidiore, 
marainibus  spirce  meniscoideis ;  anfr.  nucl.1  .  .  .  [detritis']  ; 
norm.  circ.  x.,  planatis,  lente  augentibus  ;  axi  hamata,  suturis 
indistinctis ;  basi  elongata,  hand  tereti ;  apertura  pyriform\t 
anlice  latwre;  labro  acuto,  labio  tenui,  appresso. 
18  273 


281  DR.  P.  P.  CARPENTER  ON  NEW  SPECIES 

Long.  -31,  long.  spir.  '21,  lat.  '09;  div.  12°. 
Hab.  Acapulco,  on  Ostrea  iridescens,  Rowell. 
The  spire-outlines  are  scythe-shaped.    It  is  much  larger  and  more 
solid  than  L.  distorta  and  (?var.)  yod. 

CERITHIOPSIS  INTERCALARIS. 

C.  t.  valde  elongata,  rufo-fusca,  marginibus  spirce  rectis,  suturi* 
impressis ;  anfr.  nucl.  iii.  -f  ?  .  .  .  (decollatis),  radiatim  di^ 
tanter  liratis ;  norm,  x.,  planatis ;  costis  radiantibus  primwr 
xii.,  dein  circ.  xxii.,  angustis,  huud  extantibus,  ad  peripherian' 
continuis,  interstitiis  quadratis  ;  carinis  spiralibus  primum  ii. 
nodulosis,  dein  alteris  ii.  minoribus  inter  eas  intercalantibus ; 
carina  postica  suturali  hand  nodulosa,  secunda  valde  nodulosa, 
tertia  intercalante  cequante  sed  hand  nodosa,  quarta  antica 
valde  nodosa,  quinta  circa  peripheriam,  prirnce  et  tertite  simili, 
hand  nodosa,  alteraque  contioua,  minima,  inter  quas  sutura 
gyrat ;  basi  concava,  lavi  ;  columella  valde  cuntorta  ;  canah 
brevi,  aperto ;  labrol  ...  * 
Hab.  Guacomayo. 

This  beautiful  species  comes  nearest  to  C.  bimarginata,  C.  B.  Ad., 
of  which,  indeed,  the  type  does  not  agree  with  the  diagnosis  so  well 
as  does  this  specimen.  It  differs  in  having  other  spiral  ribs  inter- 
calating between  the  two  principal  ones,  and  in  the  radiating  sculp- 
ture being  continued  to  the  periphery.  One  specimen  only  was 
found  in  the  shell- washings,  not  perfect  at  the  mouth. 

COLUMBELLA  HTJMEROSA. 

C.  t,  parva,  turrita,  alba,  linea  sen  maculorum  serie  fusca  inter- 
dum  spiram  ascendents ;  marginibus  spirts  parum  excurvatis  ; 
anfr.  nucl.1  .  .*  .  \detritis]  ;  norm,  vi.,  convexis,  postice  tumen- 
tibus,  suturis  valde  impressis  ;  costis  radiantibus  vii.-viii.,  dis- 
tantibus,  validissimis,  rotundatis ;  interstitiis  late  undatis ; 
lirulis  validis  smralibus  extant'ibus*  interstitiis  eas  aquatitibus, 
coslai  et  narum  tnterstitia  transeuntibus ;  basi  angusta;  labro 
riv  raricoso,  postice  emarainato,  intus  solidiore,  dentibus  circ. 
iv.  munitis  ;  apertura  late  undata,  compacta. 

Long.  -26,  long.  spir.  '15,  lat.  '13  ;  div.  38°. 

Hab.  Acapulco,  on  Ostrea  iridescens,  Rowell. 

The  sculpture  resembles  that  of  Rhizocfieilus,  and  the  tall  spire  that 
of  Anachis ;  yet  it  appears  to  belong  to  the  restricted  typical  genus. 

MURICIDEA  DUBIA,  Var.  SQUAMULATA. 

Variat  i.  omnino  albida  ;  sculptura  tenuiore ;  spira  elevata  ;  tola 

superficie  minute  squamulata,  squamulis  imbricatis. 
Eab.  Cape  St.  Lucas  (Xantus). 
The  opercula  in  the  beautiful  specimens  sent  by  Mr.  Pease  are 

*  I  forgot  to  measure  the  specimen  before  returning  it  to  the  Smithsonian 
Inst. ;  but  it  is  about  the  size  of  C.  assimilata. 

274 


OF  MOLLUSKS  FROM  WESTERN  NORTH  AMERICA.  282 

typically  Muricoid.  The  essential  features  are  those  of  M.  dubia ; 
the  pale  colour  and  delicate  sculpture  and  imbrication  may  avise 
from  a  deep-water  station,  as  is  seen  in  similar  European  shells. 
Mr.  Cuming,  however,  regards  it  as  distinct. 

275 


K. 


DIAGNOSES 


OF 


NEW  FORMS  OF  MOLLUSCA, 


THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA, 

FIRST    COLLECTED    BY   COL.    E.   JEWETT. 

\ 
BY 

PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B.A.,  Pn.D. 


From  the  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History.  Third  Series,  Vol. 
XV.,  pp.  177-182  (Nos.  373-386),  March,  1865.  Ibid.,  pp.  394-399 
(Mangelia  variegata  to  end),  May,  1865. 


(  277  ) 


DIAGNOSES 

Ml 

NEW    FORMS    OF     MOLLUSCA 

FROM 

THE  WEST  COAST  OF  NORTH  AMERICA, 
FIRST  COLLECTED  BY  COL.  E.  JEWETT. 

BY 

PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B.A.,  PH.D. 


ANT  account  of  Col.  Jewett's  shells  will  be  found  in  the  British 
Association  Reports  for  1856  (pp.  226-231)  and  1863  (pp.  534- 
539).  The  exact  localities  are  often  uncertain;  but  many  of 
them  have  been  fixed  by  subsequent  explorers.  Being  generally 
worn  beach-specimens,  the  diagnoses  have  been  written  (where- 
ever  practicable)  from  perfect  shells,  and  especially  from  the 
beautiful  series  dredged  by  Dr.  J.  G.  Cooper,  in  the  Californian 
State  Survey.  The  types  belong  to  Mrs.  Boyce,  of  Utica,N.  Y., 
and  are  at  present  in  my  keeping.  The  numbers,  in  the  species 
from  the  temperate  fauna,  refer  to  the  table  in  the  British  Asso- 
ciation Report  for  1863,  pp.  636-664. 

37  b.  Solen  (?  sicarius,  var.)  rosaceus. 

S.  testa  S.  sicario  simili,  sed  minore ;  multo  angustiore,  elongate, 
recta,  extus  et  intus  rosacea;  epidermide  tenui,  valde  nitente. 
Long.  -27,  lat.  •/>,  alt.  -32  poll. 

Hub.  Sta.  Barbara  (Jewett) ;   S.  Pedro  (Cooper). 

74.  Subgenus  AMIANTIS*. 
Callista  :  dente  postico  utraque  valva  ruguloso. 
Type  ;  Amiantis  callosa,  =  Cytherea  callosa,  Conr.,  =  Dosinia 

*  Th.  djjiiavTos,  6  KOI  fj,  unpolluted. 

279 


2  Dr.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  new  Forms  of  Mottwca 

callosa,  Brit.  Assoc.  Rep.  1857  (from  fragments)  :  non  Venus  cal- 
losa  (as  of  Conr.),  Sow.,  live.,  Desh. 

Hub.  Sta.  Barbara  (Nuttall,  Jewett}  ;  S.  Pedro  (Cooper] ;  Cape 
St.  Lucas  (Xantus}. 

This  section  differs  from  the  typical  Caffota  as  does  Merce- 
naria  from  Venus.  Whether  the  other  peculiarities  of  the  spe- 
cies (redescribed  by  Reeve  as  Cijtherea  nubilis)  are  coordinate, 
cannot  yet  be  stated,  as  it  stands  alone.  In  sculpture  and  colour 
it  resembles  Dosinia ;  in  its  ponderous  growth,  Pachydesina. 

110.  Lazaria  subquadrata. 

L.  testa  extus  Carditce  variegatce  jun.  simili ;  pallida,  castaneo  tincta; 
subquadrata,  antice  truncata,  subregulariter  ventricosa,  dorsaliter 
tumida  ;  costis  radiantibus  circ.  xiv.-xvi.,  tumidis,  nodosis,  dia* 
gonalibus  majoribus ;  interstitiis  plus  minusve  insculptis  :  iutus, 
valva  dextra  dente  cardinali  triangulari,  inter  duas  fossas  sito,  haud 
elongate  ;  dent.  lat.  a  cardine  separatis,  ant.  extante,  post,  obsolete, 
calloso  :  v.  sinistrali  dent.  card.  ii.  angustis,  subsequalibus,  radi- 
antibus; lat.  ant.  et  post,  extantibus :  cicatr.  adduct.  subrotim- 
datis.  Long.  '37,  lat.  -25,  alt.  '34. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  (Jewett) ;  Monterey,  and  along  the  coast  to 
S.  Pedro  (State  Coll.  no.  403)  (Cooper}. 

The  outside  of  this  remarkable  little  species  is  typically  Car- 
ditoid ;  the  hinge  is  intermediate  between  Lazaria  and  Cypri- 
cardia. 

132.  Modiola  fornicata. 

M.  testa  curta,  laevi,  latiore,  maxime  fornicata ;  pallide  carnea,  epi- 
dermide  rufo-fusca,  rujris  increment!  et  Lncrustatione  densissime 
pilosa  iuduta;  umbonibus  maximis,  spiralibus,  antice  torsis,  per 
tres  quadrantes  totse  latitudinis  devectis  ;  area  ligamentali  curtis- 
sima,  arcuata;  margine  dorsali  antice  nullo,  postice  longo,  arcuato; 
margine  ventrali  recto,  vix  propter  byssum  hiante ;  postico  lato, 
antico  angusto ;  altitudine  dorsaliter  valde  elevata,  ventraliter 
plane  declivi,  cuneiformi ;  umbonibus  trans  marginem  anticum  per 
sextantem  totius  longitudinis  excurrentibus  :  intus,  sub  umbonibus 
excavata  ;  cicatr.  adduct.  ant.  ventraliter  sita.  Long.  1*4,  lat.  *76, 
alt.  -95. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  (Jewett) ;  Monterey  (Taylor). 

160.  Pecten  (?  var.)  aquisulcatus. 

if.  testa  P.  ventricoso  simili,  sed  tenuiore,  minus  ventricosa;  costis 
piuribus  angustioribus  xx.-xxi. ;  interstitiis  (prsecipue  valva  su- 
periore)  fere  sequalibus  ;  auriculis  magis  productis,  acutis ;  sinv 
gerrato  :  testa  juu.  iiiterstitiis  alte  iiiscuh>tis.  laminis  concentricii 

280 


from  the  West  Coast  of  North  America.  3 

crebris,  vix  extantibus,  interstitia,  costas  auriculasque  transeunti- 
bus.     Long.  3"2,  lat.  3'35,  alt.  1'5. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  (Jewett) ;  S.  Diego  (Cassidy,  Newberry, 
Cooper}. 

Intermediate  between  tbe  tropical  P.  venlricosus  and  the 
Atlantic  P.  irradians. 

161.  1'ecten  '*fiur.icostatus. 

P.  tes^a  anbconvexa,  vix  requilaoerali ;  cas'aneo  sen  rubido  seu  elec- 
tri'.- „*  ('ii-;ta;  costis  xi.-xv.,  validis,  angustis,  rotundatis ;  mter- 
sti-.is  multo  latioribus,  subp'ianatis  ;  tota  superficie  minutissime 
concentrice  striata ;  auriculis  latis,  baud  sequalibus,  lirulis  circ.  vi. 
ornatis  ;  sinu  paucideutato  :  intus  pallidiore,  linea  cardinis  cos- 
tata,  ad  suturas  auricularum  tuberculosa ;  fossa  ligameatali  curta, 
transversim  lata.  Long.  1'7,  lat.  T84,  alt.  *56. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  (Jewett)}  Sta.  Barbara  Island  (Cooper). 

Pecten  (?  var.)  squarrosus.     (Page  536.) 

P  testa  orbiculari,  eequilaterali,  rubida,  albido  maculata  ;  valva  dextra 
convexa ;  costis  xviii.,  sequalibus,  testa  jun.  approximatis,  testa 
adulta  interstitiis  sequalibus ;  costis  et  interstitiis  regulariter  un- 
datis,  striis  crebris  squamosis  r;;diantibus  ubioue  ornata ;  auriculis 
magnis,  latissimis,  subaequalibus  ;  antica  anguste  fissata,  serrate, 
postica  sinuata ;  auriculis  anibabus  et  regione  contigua  scabrose 
striatis :  intus  alba,  linea  cardinal!  alte  sulcata.  Long.  T&l', 
lat.  179,  alt.  '9. 

Hab.  "  Sta.  Barbara,"  teste  Jewett. 

Kesembles  a  sbell  in  Mus.  Cuming.,  marked  "  exasperatus, 
var.,"  but  does  not  agree  witb  the  diagnosis  of  that  species. 
All  Col.  Jewett's  valves  were  dextral.  The  locality  needs  con- 
firmation. 

183.    Volvula  cylindrica. 

V.  testa  cylindracea,  alba,  nitente,  striis  spiralibus  distantibus  cincta  ; 
raedio  planato,  marginibus  fere  parallelis ;  antice  satis  effusa, 
postice  subito  angustata ;  canali  brevissimo ;  labro  acuto  ;  labio 
indistincto  ;  plica  columellari  parva,  valde  declivi.  Long.  •  1 7, 
iat.  -07. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  (Jewett). 

265.  Phasianella  (?  compta,  var.)  punctulata. 

P.  testa  P.  comptce  simili,  sed  elatiore;  suturis  impressis  ;  anfractibus 
tumentibus  ;  omriino  minutissime  fusco  punctata  ;  columella  lacn- 
pat3.  Long.  '24,  long.  spir.  *12,  lat.  '14,  div.  50°. 

Hab.  S.  Diego  (Jewett). 

281 


4  Dr.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  new  Forms  of  Mollusca 

265  b.  Phasianella  (?  compta,  var.)  pulloides. 

P.  testa  P.  pullo  simillima;  solicla,  compacta,  spira  breviore  ;  snfiiris 
distinctis.  Long.  '2,  long.  spir.  *1,  lat.  '13,  div.  55°. 

Hob.  Sta.  Barbara  (Jewett) ;  Monterey,  20  fathoms  (State 
Coll.  no.  353).  Smaller  var.,  8-10  fathoms,  Catalina  Island 
(Cooper). 

265  c.  Phasianella  (?  compta,  var.)  elatior. 

P.  testa  perparva ;  spira  elongata,  ut  in  P.  pullo  picta  ;  anfractibui 
subplanatis ;  suturis  haud  impressis ;  columella  hand  lacuiiaia. 
Long.  -19,  long.  spir.  '12,  lat.  '11,  div.  40°. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  (Jewett). 

P.  compta,  with  a  large  proportion  of  the  small  shells  of  the 
genus,  is  included  under  P.pullus  in  Mr.  Reeve's  monograph. 
In  so  difficult  a  tribe,  it  is  judged  better  to  name  the  distinct 
forms,  and  those  from  separated  localities,  until  more  is  known. 

276.   Trochiscus  convexus. 

T.  testa  parva,  suhelevata,  purpureo-fusca,  tenuiter  sculpta;  anfr.  nucl. 
?  sinistralibus,  vertice  quasi  decollate  ;  norm,  iv.,  convexis,  suturis 
impressis;  obtusissime  bicarinatis,  striolis  confertissimis,  nmiitnis, 
subobsoletis  cinctis  ;  umbilico  majore,  costis  duabus  cincto,  quaruin 
interior  acuta,  exterior  rotundata,  crenata ;  apertura  ciiculari. 
Long.  -15,  long.  spir.  '06,  lat.  -15,  div.  90°. 

Hab.  Monterey  (Jewett). 

The  nuclear  whorls  in  this  unique  little  shell  and  in  the  typi- 
cal species  appear  sinistral,  as  in  Phoridse  and  Solariadse.  Tiie 
operculum  also  resembles  that  of  Solarium  rather  than  of  Tro- 
chus.  The  genus  may  prove  to  belong  to  the  Proboscidifer>, 
notwithstanding  its  nacreous  texture. 

317.   Hipponyx  lumens. 

H.  testa  normaliter  fornicata,  rotundata,  albida ;  epidermide  rngnlosn, 
interstitiis  pilulosa  ;  vertice  nucleoso  nautiloideo,  Isevi,  parurri  tu- 
mente,  apice  celato,  interdum  persistente ;  dein  rapidissiine  au- 
gente,  expansa,  undique  regulariter  arcuata ;  liris  acutis,  subele- 
vatis,  distantibus,  spiralibus,  aliis  intercalantibus ;  lineis  incre- 
menti  minoribus  decussantibus ;  margine  acuto ;  apertura  ple- 
rurnque  rotundata  :  cicatrice  musculari  a  margine  parum  reniota, 
regione  capitis  valde  interrupta.  Long.  •  7,  lat.  *46,  alt.  *33,  div.  9U°. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  (Jewett);  S.  Pedro  (Cooper). 

.  *subrufa"  +  "  Capulus,  213,"  Brit.  Assoc.  Rep.  ]857, 

282 


from  the  West  Coast  of  North  America.  5 

3296.  Bittium  (?var.)  esuriens. 

B.  testa  B.  filoso  sirnili,  sed  multo  minore,  graciliore,  interdum  vald. 
attenuata  ;  sculptura  testae  jun.  ut  in  B.  filoso,  testae  adultae  sub 
obsoleta;  interstitiis  hand  insculptis.  Long.  '3,  long.  spir.  "21 
lat.  -11,  div.  25°. 

Hob.  Sta.  Barbara  (Jewett} ;  Neeah  Bay  (Swan)  ;  Monterey 
(Cooper). 

334.  Bittium  fastigiatum. 

B.  testa  parva,  gracili,  pallide  rufo-cinerea,  marginibus  spirae  vix 
excurvatis  ;  anfr.  nucl.  iii.,  Isevibus,  tumidis,  apice  acuto;  nqpm.  ix., 
planatis,  sutaris  alte  impressis ;  anfr.  primis  iii.  carinatis,  postea 
costis  radiantibus  circ.  xiii.,  obtusis,  satis  extantibus,  ad  suturas 
interrupts,  interstitiis  undatis,  liris  spiralibus  iv.  in  spira  se  mori- 
strantibus,  costas  undatim  superantibus,  quarum  antica  in  testa 
jun.  plerumque  extat;  anfr.  ultimo  parum  contracto,  basi  elongata, 
liris  spiralibus  vi.  contiguis  ornata ;  apertura  gibbosa ;  labro 
acuto,  interdum  varicoso,  antice  angulatim  emarginato ;  labio 
tenui.  Long.  *25,  long.  spir.  *19,  lat.  *U9,  div.  20°. 

Hob.  Sta.  Barbara  (Jewett}. 

Genus  AMPHITHALAMUS*. 

Testa  Rissoidea,  nucleo  magno  ;  apertura  labio  producto,  labro 
subpostice  juricto,  subito  in  adulta  contracto. 

355.  Amphithalamus  inclusus. 

A.  testa  minuta,  lata,  solidiore,  pallide  rufo-fusca  ;  vertice  mamillato; 
anfr.  nucl.  uno  et  dimidio,  quoad  magnitudinem  perrnagnis,  mi- 
nutissime  et  confertissime  spiraliter  et  radiatim  striolatis ;  anfr. 
norm,  iii.,  lsevibus,subplanatis,suturis  impressis  ;  basi  subangulata ; 
costa  peripherica  rotundata,  baud  extante,  interdum  in  spira  se 
monstrante;  costa  altera  circa  regionem  pseudo-umbilicarem  ;  labro 
acuto,  baud  contracto :  labio  testa  adolescente  normali,  dein  a 
pariete  separata,  sinum  posticum  suturam  versus  formante,  t.  adulta 
valde  separata,  regionem  quasi  umbilicarem  magnam  formante;  ad 
labrum  subito  fere  perpendiculariter,  subpostice  juncto  :  operculr 
tenuissimo.  Long.  '04,  long.  spir.  '02,  lat.  '03,  div.  60°. 

Hob.  Sta.  Barbara  (Jewett}',  S.  Diego  (Cooper}. 

This  very  remarkable  little  shell  bears  the  same  relation  to 
Rissoa  that  Stoastoma  does  to  Helicina.  The  peritreme  resem- 
bles a  figure  5  inverted,  as  on  the  face  of  the  type.  In  the  dis- 
proportionate size  of  the  nuclear  whorls  it  resembles  Vitrinella. 

373.  Drillia  mast  a. 

D.  testa  acuminata,  laevi,  dense  olivaceo-fusca,  epidermide  leevi  ad- 
hserente  induta  ;  anfr.  nucleosis  ?...  (decollatis);  norm,  viii.,  parum 

*  Th.  dfj.(f>\,  8d\ap,os,  having  a  chamber  on  both  sides. 

283 


6  Dr.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  new  Forms  of  Mollusca 

excurvatis,  suturis  parum  distinctis  ;  testa  adolescente  costis  radi- 
autibus  circ.  x.,  subobsoletis,  elongatis,  arcuatis,  sinum  versus  iu- 
terruptis,  postice  nodosis ;  anfr.  ult.  sculptura  nulla ;  apertura 
elongata ;  canali  brevi,  apei  to  ;  colurnella  recta ;  labio  tenui ; 
labro  acuto,  suturam  versus  sinuato,  sinu  parvo,  expanse;  operculo 
norrnali.  Long.  W,  long.  spir.  '65,  lat.  '3(>,  div.  27°. 

Hub.  Sta.  Barbara  (Jewett) ;  S.  Pedro  (Cooper). 

386.  Mitromorpha  filosa. 

M.  tes£a  parva,  solidiore,  atro-purpurea,  subconiformi,  antice  et  pos- 
tice subsequaliter  tereti ;  anfr.  nucl.  ii.,  albis,  isevibus,  apice 
mamillato  ;  norm,  iv.,  planatis,  suturis  baud  distinctis  ;  omnino 
eequaliter  spiraliter  lirulata  ;  lirulis  acutioribus,  in  spira  iv.,  anfr. 
ult.  circ.  xx.,  interstitiis  majoribus  ;  apertura  lineata  ;  labro  parum 
inflexo,  rotundato,  postice  vix  sinuato,  intus  circ.  xii.-dentato  ; 
labio  inconspicuo;  columella  arcuatim  truncata.  Long.  '26, 
long.  spir.  -1,  lat.  -12,  div.  45°. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  (Jewett} ;  Lower  California  (teste  Trick,  in 
Mus.  Cuming.). 

=  Waphnelta  filosa,  Brit.  Assoc.  Rep.  1863,  p.  658,  notef. 

Mr.  A.  Adams  obtained  two  similar  species  from  Japan ;  and 
as  the  shells  do  not  rank  satisfactorily  under  any  established 
group,  he  proposes  the  above  genus  for  their  reception.  M.  Crosse 
suggests  that  Columbella  dormitor,  Sby._,  may  be  congeneric. 

Mangelia  variegata. 

M.  testa  valde  attenuata,  tenui,  parva,  pallide  carnea,  rufo-fusco 
normaliter  bizonata,  interdum  unizonata,  sen  zonis  interruptis ; 
vertice  nucleoso  conspicuo,  anfr.  uno  et  dimidio,  apice  mamillato ; 
anfr.  norm,  vi.,  subrotundatis,  suturis  valde  impressis ;  costis 
radiantibus  ix.,  angustis ;  costulis  spiralibus  crebris,  validioribus, 
in  spira  circ.  x.,  costas  superantibus ;  apertura  valde  elongata; 
canali  brevi,  aperto  ;  labro  tenui,  juxta  suturam  conspicue  arcuate; 
labio  tenui.  Long.  '31,  long.  spir.  '17,  lat.  •!  poll.,  div.  22°. 

Variat  costis  crebrioribus,  sculptura  minus  expressa. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  (Jewett}. 

Mangelia  (?  variegata,  var.)  nitens. 

J5/.  testa  M.  variegata  simili,  sed  nitentiore,  fascia  alba  et  altera 
rufo-fusca  attingente  spiram  asceudentibus.  Long.  '25,  long, 
gpir,  -15,  lat.  -08,  div.  20°. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  (Jewett},  rare. 

Mangelia  angulata. 

M.  testa  parva,  rufo-purpurea,  vix  gracili,  epidermide  tenui  fugaci ; 
anfr.  nucl.  iii.,  helicoideis,  primuni  Isevibus,  dein  cahcellatis,  apice 

284 


from  the  West  Coast  of  North  America.  7 

mamillato ;  anfr.  norm,  iv.,  convexis,  suturis  impressis,  in  medio 
spirse  obtusangulatis  ;  costis  radiantibus  circ.  xii.,  acutioribus  ;  cos- 
tula  spiral!  circa  angulum,  inter  costas  subobsoleta ;  tota  superficie 
tenuiter  spiraliter  crebrisulcata,  sulculis  sub  lente  siepius  bifidis ; 
apertura  pyriformi,  canali  longiore,  recto,  aperto ;  labro  acuto, 
postice  conspicue  sinuato  ;  columella  baud  contorta  ;  labro  obso- 
lete. Long.  -35,  long,  spir,  '18,  lat.  '13,  div.  30°. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  (Jewett). 

Myurella  simplex. 

M.  testa  rufo-cinerea,  miuore,  minus  tereti,  epidermide  tenui ; 
anfr.  xii.,  planatis ;  fascia  suturali  valida,  nodosa,  tuberculis  ovali- 
bus  crebris  validioribus  (anfr.  penult,  circa  xv.)  ornata ;  testa 
adolescente  costulis  radiantibus,  postea  evanescentibus  ;  striolis 
antice  et  postice  spiralibus,  circa  peripheriam  ssepe  obsoletis ; 
basi  rotundata  ;  canali  brevissimo,  alte  emarginato ;  carina  supra 
canalem  acuta,  columellnm  plicante ;  labro  acuto,  vix  undato. 
Long.  1-03,  long.  spir.  '76,  lat.  '27,  div.  20°. 

Variat  tuberculis  subobsoletis. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  (Jewett) ;  S.Pedro  (Cooper). 

Odostomia  inflata. 

0.  te.°*i  majore,  tenui,  pallide  cinerea,  epidermide  cinerea  induta; 
vert.  nucl.  subito  immerso  ;  anfr.  norm,  iv.,  rapidissime  augenti- 
bus,  subplanatis,  suturis  impressis;  tota  superficie  minutissime  et 
confertissime  spiraliter  striolata  ;  umbilico  nullo  ;  basi  et  apertura 
valde  elongatis ;  labro  acuto ;  labio  tenuissimo ;  plica  acuta,  trans- 
versa,  parietem  attingente ;  columella  valde  arcuata,  antice  effusa. 
Long.  -26,  long.  spir.  -09,  lat.  '14,  div.  60°. 

Variat  spira  elatiore.     Long.  '24,  long.  spir.  "11,  lat.  *13,  div.  45°. 

Variat  quoque  striolis  subobsoletis. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  (Jewett) ;  Farraleone  Islands,  in  cavities,  on 
Haliotis  (teste  R.  D.  Darbishire) ;  near  San  Francisco  (Rowell) ; 
Neeah  Bay  (Swan). 

Chemnitzia  crebrifilata. 

C.  testa  satis  tereti,  subalbida,  baud  regulari ;  anfr.  nucl.  ii.,  beli- 
coideis,  decliviter  sitis,  margines  spirse  parum  excurvatos  paullum 
superaritibus ;  norm,  viii.,  quorum  primi  subrotundati,  ultimi  vix 
planati ;  suturis  valde  distinctis ;  cost.  rad.  circ.  xxiv.,  subrectis, 
acutioribus,  angustis,  interdum  attingevitibus,  anfr.  ultimo  cre- 
brioribus  minus  expressis,  circa  basim  prolongatam  baud  subito 
evanescentibus;  lirulis  spiralibus,  in  spira  circ.  viii.,  rotundatis, 
expressis,  anfr.  ult.  supra  costas  subnodulosis,  circa  basim  crebri- 
oribus  ;  peritremate  continuo  ;  columella  vix  torta,  baud  plicata  ; 
labio  distincto..  Long.  *22,  long.  spir.  *17,  lat.  '07,  div.  18°. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara,  1  specimen  (Jewett). 

285 


8  Dr.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  new  Forms  of  Mollusca 

403  b.  Chemnitzia  (ttorquata,  var.)  stylina. 

C.  testa  C.  torquatte  simili,  sed  valde  teretiore,  gracillima,  interdum 
subdiaphana ;  anfr.  nucl.  ii.,  decliviter  sitis,  margines  spirse  fere 
yiarallelos  vix  superantibus ;  norm,  xii.,  angustis,  subplanatis,  su~ 
turis  distinctis;  costis  radiantibus  circ.  xxiii.,  latis,  declivibus, 
testa  juniore  continuis,  adulta  fascia  baud  sculpta  suprasu^urali 
eeparatis ;  interstitiis  parvis,  baud  sculptis  ;  basi  rotundata,  baud 
sculpta  ;  columella  parum  torta.  Long.  '32,  long.  spir.  *27,  lat.  '8, 
div.  10°. 
Hob.  Sta.  Barbara  (Jewetf);  Monterey  (Cooler). 

Chemnitzia  Virgo. 

C.  testa  parva,  alba,  gracili,  stylina ;  anfr.  nucl.  ii.,  decliviter  sitis, 
margines    spirse    subparallelos   baud    superantibus ;    norm,    viii., 
subrotundatis,  suturis  distinctis ;  costulis  radiantibus  circ.  xviii., 
angustis,  acutioribus,  ssepe  attingentibus,  circa  peripheriam  baud 
subito  evanidis,  interstitiis  subsequalibus  alte  spiraliter  sulcatis, 
sulcis  circ.  viii.,  latera  costarum  crenulantibus,  costas  baud  super- 
antibus;  basi  valde  rotundata,  curta,  baud  sculpta;  axi  lacuuato; 
peritremate  vix   continue;    columella   recta.      Long.  "18,  long, 
spir.  -14,  lat. -05,  div.  12°. 

Bab.  "Sta.  Barbara,"  1  specimen  (Jewett). 

Dunkeria  laminata. 

D.  testa  satis  elevata,  rufo-fusca,  fasciis  pallidioribus  interdum  cincta; 
anfr.  nucl.  ii.,  helicoideis,  valde  decliviter  sitis,  margines  spirse 
subrectos  baud  superantibus ;  norm,  viii.,  subrotundatis,  suturis 
impressis ;  costis  spiralibus  rotundatis,  in  spira  iv.,  aliisque  sutu- 
ralibus  vix  rotundatis,  interstitiis  minoribus  impressis  ;  super  eas 
laminis  radiantibus  acutioribus  circ.  xxx.,  circa  basim  rotundatam 
tenuiter  continuis  ;  liris  spiralibus  basalibus  circ.  viii.,  obtusis,  colu- 
mellam  versus  subflexuosam  obsoletis  ;  peritremate  continuo  ;  labio 
appresso.     Long.  "25,  long.  spir.  "18,  lat.  '07,  div.  20°. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  (Jewett} ;  San  Diego  (Cooper). 
This  beautiful  Fenelloid  species  may  be  regarded  as  tbe  type 
of  the  group  Dunkeria. 

Eulima  Thersites. 

E.  testa  parva,  curtissima,  albida,  arcuata,  valde  distorta ;  margini- 
bus  spirse  dextro  subrecto,  sinistro  valde  excurvato ;  anfr.  nucl. 
?. .  (decollatis)  ;  norm,  vi.,  Isevibus,  subplanatis,  suturis  distinctis  ; 
basi  valde  arcuata  ;  apertura  subovali,  dextrorsum  producta  ;  peri- 
tremate continuo,  valde  calloso  ;  labro  sinuato.     Long.  '21,  long. 
spir. -13,  lat.  '09,  div.  40°. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara,  1  specimen  (Jewett). 
Preeminent  for  aberration   among  tbe  distorted  Eulimidae. 
A  second  specimen  occurred  from  an  uncertain  source. 

286 


from  the  West  Coast  of  North  America.  0 

Opalia  bullata. 

0.  testa  minore,  alba,  subdiaphana,  turrita,  gracili ;  marginibus  spirse 
subrectis ;  tota  superficie  minutissime  et  creberrime  spiraliter 
striolata ;  vertiee  nucleoso  declivi,  celato  ;  dein  anfr.  ii.,  globosis, 
radiatim  baud  sculptis ;  dein  v.  normalibus,  pianatis,  suturis  vix 
impressis;  lirulis  radiantil)us  circ.  xxvi.,  baud  nisi  in  anfr.  primis 
exj)ressis,  circa  basim  irregu.ariter  rotundatam  ad  axim  continuis ; 
serie  bullularum  suturalium  anfr.  primis  e  lirulis  extantibus  for- 
mata,  postea  lirulis  baud  convenientibus,  anfr.  penult,  circ.  xvii., 
pianatis,  super  suturas  parieti  appressis,  interstitiis  baud  infossis ; 
basi  subangulata,  baud  costata;  apertura  subovali,  sinistrorsum 
subplanata ;  peritremate  continue,  calloso ;  labro  baud  sinuato. 
Long.  -3,  long.  spir.  -21,  lat.  '09,  div.  20°. 

Hub.  Sta.  Barbara,  one  specimen  (Jewett). 

422.   Cerithiopsis  purpurea. 

C.  testa  compacta,  baud  gracili,  marginibus  spirse  panim  excurvatis; 
purpurea  seu  fusco-purpurea,  cirta  periphenam  pallidiore ;  anfr. 
nucl.  ?  ii.,  leevibus  ;  norm,  vii.,  pianatis,  suturis  impressis  ;  serie- 
bus  iii.  noclulorum  minorum  supra  costulas  spirales  minores,  ad 
intersectiones  costularum  radiantium  circ.  xxiii.,  lineis  fere  rectis, 
ad  suturas  interruptis,  spiram  asceiidentium  sitis ;  interstitiis  im- 
pressis, quadratis ;  costulis  suturalibus  ii.  baud  nodulosis  ;  basi 
rotundata,  antice  lirulis  paucis  expressis  inter  eas  et  costulas  su- 
turales  vix  sculpta ;  apertura  subquadrata  ;  columella  torta,  emar- 
ginata.  Long.  -29,  long.  spir.  '19,  lat.  -1,  div.  20°. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  (Jewett);  Monterey,  San  Diego  (Cooper). 

423.   Cerithiopsis  fortior. 

C.  testa  C.purpurece  simili,  sed  sculptura  multo  fortiore,  basi  pallida; 
seriebus  nodulorum  spiralibus  testa  adolescente  ii.,  postea  iii. ;  costis 
radiantibus  circ.  xiii.,  interstitiis  magnis  ;  costis  suturalibus  validis, 
subnodosis  ;  costa  basali  valida.  Long.  *3,  long.  spir.  *2,  lat.  *11, 
div.  26°. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara,  1  specimen  (Jewett). 

439.  Marginella  subtrigona. 

M.  testa  M .  Jewettii  simili,  sed  multo  curtiore,  latiore  ;  antice  valde 
angustata,  postice  valde  tumenie  ;  labro  postice  minus  prolongato; 
pbcis  iv.,  validioribus,  parietali  una.  Long.  *14,  long.  spir.  '01, 
lat.  -11,  div.  130°. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  (Jewett). 

440.  Marginella  regutaris. 

M.  testa  M.  Jewettii  simili,  sed  multo  minore,  paullum  angustiore ; 
tenui,  nitidissima,  crystallina,  oi/mino  diaphana ;  labio  magis  cal- 
loso. Long.  -13,  long.  spir.  -01,  lat.  -09,  div.  120°. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  (Jewett) ;  coast  of  California  south  from 

287 


10  Dr.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  new  Forms  of  Mollu?ca 

Monterey,  beach  to   20  fathoms;  Catalina  Island,  10-£0  fa- 
thoms, State  Coll.  no.  398  a  (Cooper). 

453.  Amy  da  tuber osa. 

A.  testa  A.  minori  simillima,  sed  vertice  nucleoso  tuberoso  ;  anfr.  iv., 
tumidis,  rapide  augentibus ;  apice  minimo,  margines  spirse  rectos 
parum  superante,  interdum  subdecliviter  sito ;  testa  adulta  inter- 
dum  unicolore,  livida  seu  aurantiaca  ;  plerumque  albida,  rufo-iusiw 
v»ne  picta,  seu  maculata,  seu  nebulosa,  seu  strigata  strigis  radi- 
antibus  seu  flexuosis,  seu  varie  penicillata,  ssepe  fascia  tesscllaia 
subsuturali ;  anfract.  norm,  v.,  planatis,  suturis  distinctis ;  basi 
subangulata ;  apertura  pyriformi,  canali  satis  prolongato,  arcuato ; 
labro  intus  acuto,  deorsum  quasi  tumidiore,  postice  sinuato,  intus 
circ.  octodentato  ;  labio  parum  conspicuo,  vix  rugulato ;  columella 
torta,  axi  antice  striato  ;  superficie  laevi,  seu  interdum  minutissime 
sub  lente  radiatim  striolata ;  epidermide  cornea,  tenui,  subdia- 
phana,  spiraliter  sub  lente  minutissime  striolata  :  operculo  Nas^se- 
formi,  parvo,  marginibus  irregulariter  serratis,  cicatrice  bilobata. 
Long.  -32,  long.  spir.  -18,  lat.  -14,  div.  30°. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara,  recent  and  fossil  (Jewett) ;  coast  of  Cali- 
fornia north  to  Monterey;  Catalina  Island,  8-10  fathoms 
(Cooper). 

As  this  belongs  to  a  group  of  closely  allied  species  of  Nassoid 
Columbellse,  a  minute  diagnosis  is  given.  The  fossil  specimens 
are  larger,  and  have  the  remarkable  nucleus  more  perfect,  than  any 
of  the  recent  shells  yet  seen.  In  appearance  it  scarcely  differs 
from  the  small  variety  of  the  Mediterranean  A.  minor,  Scac.; 
but  that  (with  A.  corniculata)  has  a  Chrysodomoid  nucleus,  the 
Californiaa  an  Alaboid. 

t  Anachis  penicillata. 

I  A.  testa  parva,  Metuloidea,  turrita,  albida,  rufo-fusco  plus  minusve 
penicillata ;  anfr.  nucleosis  ii.,  tumidis,  helicoideis,  apice  mamil- 
lato  ;  norm,  vi.,  tumidis,  suturis  valde  impressis ;  costis  radianti- 
bus  circ.  xii.,  angustis,  expressis ;  lirulis  spiralibus  extantibus, 
in  spira  plerumque  vi.  supra  costas  transeuntibus  ;  apertura  pyri- 
formi, antice  etfusa ;  labro  postice  sinuato.  Long.  '21,  long. 
spir. -13,  lat. '08,  div.  25°. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  (Jewett) ;  S.  Diego,  Catalina  Island,  shore 
to  10  fathoms  (Cooper). 

Neither  of  the  specimens  sent  is  quite  mature.  The  mouth 
is  that  of  an  adolescent  Anachis,  but  the  sculpture  is  Metuloid. 

Siphonalia  fuscotincta. 

S.  testa  minima,  turrita,  albida,  apicem  versus  fusco  tincta ;  anfr. 
nucl.  ii.,  compactis,  sub  planatis,  apice  mamillato  ;  norm,  iv.,  con- 
vexis,  suturis  impressis  ;  costis  radiantibns  rotundatis,  tumentibus, 
basim  versus  evanidis,  interstitiis  undulatis,  subsequantibus  ;  lirulis 

288 


from  the  West  Coast  of  North  America.  11 

crebris  spiralibus,  costas  superantibus ;  apertura  pyriformi,  in 
canalem  brevem  apertum  contortum  producta;  labro  acuto;  la- 
bio  baud  conspicuo;  columella  canalem  versus  valde  contorta. 
Long.  -17,  long.  spir.  •!,  lat.  -08,  div.  32°. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara  (Jewett). 

The  unique  specimen  is  like  a  minute  edition  of  Siphonalia 
Kellettii,  but  does  not  accord  with  the  young  of  that  or  of  any 
other  species  known  in  the  region.    It  is  probably  not  mature. 
19  289 


L. 


DIAGNOSES 

NEW  FORMS  OF  MOLLUSCA, 

COLLECTED  BY  COL.  E.  JEWETT 

ON  THE 

WEST  TROPICAL  SHORES  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

BY 
PHILIP  P.  CAEPENTEE,  B.A.,  Pn.D. 


From  the  Annals  and   Magazine  of  Natural  History.     Third  Series,  Vol. 
XV.,  pp.  399—400,  May,  1865. 


(291) 


DIAGNOSES 
OF 

NEW   FORMS    OF    MOLLUSCS 

COLLECTED  BY  COL.  E.  JEWETT 

ON 

THE  WEST  TROPICAL  SHORES  OF  NORTH  AMERICA; 

BY 

PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B.A.,  Pn.D. 


Rissoina  expansa* 

R.  testa  magna,  lata,  tenuisculpta,  alba,  nitente,  subdiaphana; 
marginibus  spirae  parum  excurvatis ;  anfr.  nucl.  Isevibus,  vertice 
mamillato  ;  norm,  v.,  planatis,  suturis  distinctis  ;  costulis  radianti- 
bus  circ.  xxiv.,  obtusis,  baud  extantibus,  interstitia  sequantibus, 
peripheriam  versus  evanidis  ;  circa  basim  productam  striis  spirali- 
bus  expressis ;  medio  laevi ;  apertura  valde  expansa,  semilunata ; 
labro  subantice  producto,  varicoso,  antice  et  postice  alte  sinuato  ; 
labio  calloso.  Long.  '35,  long.  spir.  '18,  lat,  '17  poll.,  div.  30°. 

Hab.  Mazatlan  (teste  Jewett]. 

This  fine  species  is  the  largest  known  in  the  fauna.  It  most 
resembles  R.  infrequens,  C.  B.  Ad.,  which  was  described  from  a 
dead  shell. 

Mangelia  hamata. 

M.  testa  carneo-aurantiaca,  satis  turrita,  margjnibus  spirse  excurvatis  5 
anfr.  nucl.  ii.  globosis,  tenuissime  cancellatis,  apice  mamillato ;  norm, 
vi . ,  subelongatis,  in  spira  tumentibus,  subangulatis,  suturis  impressis ; 
costis  radiantibus  x.-xii.,  acutioribus,  validis,  circa  basim  pro- 
longatam  continuis ;  interstitiis  concavis ;  lirulis  spiralibus  filosis, 
distantibus,  supra  costas  transeuntibus,  in  spira  iii.-iv. ;  apertura 
subelongata,  quasi  hamata,  intus  Isevi,  intense  colorata:  iabro 

293 


Dr.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  new  Forms  of  Mollusca.  13 

acuto,  dorsaliter  varicose,  posticevalde  sinuato.     Long.  *24,  long. 

spir. -13,  lat. -1,  div.  25°. 

Hab.  Panama  (teste  Jewett). 

This  very  beautiful  species  is  easily  recognized  by  the  varicose 
lip,  sloping  off  to  a  sharp  edge ;  by  the  deeply  cut  posterior 
notch,  giving  the  smooth  mouth  a  hooked  appearance ;  by  the 
sharp  ridges,  traversed  by  distant  spiral  threads ;  and  by  the 
flesh-tinted  orange  colour. 

Mangelia  cerea. 

M.  testa  M.  kamata  simili,  sed  textura  cerea,  aurantiaca,  graciliore, 
anfractibus  tumidioribus,  baud  angulatis;  anfr.  nucl.  leevibus; 
normalibus  v.,  costis  radiantibus  baud  acutis,  interstitia  sequan- 
tibus ;  liris  spiralibus  validioribus,  baud  filosis,  supra  costas  nodu- 
losis,  in  interstitiis  subobsoletis ;  apertura,  testa  adulta,  ?  . . . . 
Long.  -25,  long.  spir.  '14,  lat.  •!,  div.  28°. 

Variat  testa  rufo-fusca. 

Hab.  Panama  (teste  Jewel  t). 

Col.  Jewett's  unique  specimen  is  not  mature.  It  is  distin- 
guished from  M.  hamata  by  the  smooth  nucleus,  waxen  texture, 
rounder  whorls,  more  equal  distribution  of  the  contour  between 
ribs  and  interstices,  and  especially  by  the  spiral  sculpture,  which 
is  faint  in  the  hollows,  but  nodulose  on  the  ribs.  Mr.  Cuming 
has  a  specimen  with  the  same  texture,  but  of  a  rich  brown 
colour. 

Chemmtzia  calata. 

C.  testa  satis  magna,  cinerea,  elongata ;  anfr.  nucl.  ?. . . ;  norm,  xiii., 
planatis,  suturis  vix  impressis ;  costis  radiantibus  xx.-xxviii., 
rectis,  baud  semper  convenientibus,  subacutis,  ad  peripheriam 
subito  truncatis;  sulcis  spiralibus  in  spira  iv.-v.,  valde  impressis, 
interstitia  et  costarum  latera  transeuntibus,  juga  baud  superanti- 
bus ;  basi  subito  angustata,  angulata,  lirulis  spiralibus  circ.  vi. 
ornata ;  apertura  subquadrata ;  columella  satis  torta.  Long.  "35, 
long.  spir.  -3,  lat.  '09,  div.  13°. 

Hab.  West  coast  of  North  America  (Jewett). 

This  beautiful  and  unique  shell  was  probably  from  Panama ; 
but  there  was  no  locality-mark.  It  is  remarkable  for  its  deep 
furrows  and  the  suddenly  shortened  and  spirally  sculptured 
base.  It  is  much  larger  and  broader  than  the  northern  C.  Virgo, 
and  differs  in  details  of  sculpture. 

294 


M. 


DIAGNOSES 


MOLLUSQUES    NOUVEAUX 

PROVENANT  DE  CALIFORNIE, 

ET  FAISANT  PARTIE  DU  MIJSfE  DE  L'INSTITUTION  SMITHSONIENNE, 


BY 
PHILIP  P.  CAKPENTER,  B.A.,  PH.D. 


From  the  Journal  de  Conchyliologie,  Vol.  XII.  (Third  Series,  Vol.  V.),  pp. 
129-149,  April,  1865, 


(  295  ) 


Diagnoses  de  ftioiiusques  nouveaux  pro  vena  nt 
de  Caiifoa-iiie  el    faisant    partie    da    musee 

de    1' institution  Sinltliaoiiicimc, 

PAR  PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B.  A.,  PH.  D. 


I. 

D'apres  les  lois  des  Etats-Unis,  tous  les  objets  d'histoire 
taturelle  recueillisdans  le  cours  des  expeditions  faites  par 

297 


—  130  — 

les  Etats  deviennent  la  propriete  de  ('institution  Smilhso- 
nienne,  qui  est  autorise'e,  de  plus,  a  echanger  les  doubles. 
Celte  institution,  si  bien  dirigee  par  le  professeur  Henry, 
qui  en  est  le  secretaire,  n'a  pas  pour  objet  principal  sou 
seul  agrandissement;  elle  est  eHablie  pour  «  I'accroisse- 
ment  et  la  propagation  de  la  science  par-mi  les  homines,  » 
c'est-a-dire  qu'clle  embrasse  toutes  les  nations.  Dans  I'e- 
change  des  doubles,  on  n'a  pas  pour  but  d'oblenir  un  quid 
pro  quo,  mais  plul6t  d'envoyer  les  echantillons  a  quelque 
endroit  ou  ils  seront  plus  utiles  pour  I'avancement  de  la 
science.  Le  revenu  de  1'institution  ne  suffisant  pas  pour 
avoir  a  poste  fixe  des  naturalistes  charges  de  classer  et  de 
decrire  au  besoin  les  objets  d'hisloire  naturelle  de  ce 
musee,  on  envoie  ces  objets  en  communication  a  des  natu- 
ralistes des  Etats-Unis  ou  d'autres  pays,  selon  leurspecia- 
lite,  en  vue  d'arriver  a  determiner  les  especes  et  de  faire 
choix  des  echanlillons  pour  leur  collection  permanente  et 
pour  les  echanges.  En  conformite  de  ce  principe,  les  di- 
recteurs  de  1'institulion  rn'ont  transmis  en  Anglelerre 
toutes  les  coquilles  recueillies  sur  la  c6le  ouest  d'Ame- 
rique.  Je  les  ai  soignousement  comparees  avec  les  types 
do  la  collection  Cuming  et  du  musee  britannique;  et,  par 
.<uile  de  cet  eiamen  comparatif  joint  a  celui  de  mes 
propres  materiaux,  je  me  suis  trouve  dnns  la  necessite  de 
decrire  a  peu  pres  trois  cents  especes  ou  varietcs  locales, 
en  dehors  de  celles  que  j'ai  publiees  anlerieurement  dans 
mon  catalogue  des  coquilles  de  Mazallan. 

On  trouvera  des  rcnseignements  sur  ces  especes  et  sur 
toutes  les  sources  originales  d'informalion  concernant  le 
ni^me  sujet,  dans  mon  ^Supplementary  Report  on  the 
.  present  slate  of  our  knowledge  of  the  Mollusca  of  the 
\\  est  coast  ofN.  America,  »  ecrit  a  la  demande  de  I' Asso- 
ciation britannique  pour  1  avancement  de  la  science,  et 

298 


—   131   — 

public  dans  ses  Transactions  pour  I'annde  1863  (p.  517- 
686).  Aux  pages  636  664,  on  pent  consulter  une  table  dis- 
posee  de  maniere  a  faire  voir  d'un  conp  d'oeil  toutes  les 
especes  dc  la  region  de  Vancouver  el  de  Californie,  jus- 
qu'ici  tres-peu  connues,  avec  tous  les  endroils  ou  on  les 
a  recueillies,  d'apres  les  reriseignements  fournis  par  les 
principaux  collecleurs.  Dans  les  m6mes  pages  on  trouvera 
une  description  tres-succincte  des  especes  qui  sont  nou- 
velles  ou  pen  connues  :  quant  aux  diagnoses  latines,  elle* 
ont  etc  publiees  dans  divers  journaux  scienlifiques,  selon 
la  source  de  provenance  des  especes  qu'elles  concernent. 
Ainsi,  par  exemple,  on  doit  en  chercher  le  plus  grand 
nombre,  qui  ont  etc  draguees  par  le  docteur  Cooper,  lord 
flu  Geological  Survey  de  1'Etat  de  Californie,  dans  les  Pro- 
ceedings of  the  California  Academy,  1864-5.  Les  especes 
draguees  par  le  docleur  Kennerley  au  Puget-Sound  se 
trouvent  decrites  dans  le  Journal  of  the  Philadelphia 
Academy,  1865.  Les  especes  trouve'es  par  le  coloneNe- 
wett,  en  Californie,  ont  ele  publiees  dans  les  Annals  of 
natural  History,  1804-5;  celles  qui  ont  etc  recueillies  par 
M.  Swan  et  les  jeunes  Indiens,  de  ('instruction  desquels  ii 
est  charge,  a  la  baie  de  Neeah  (vis-a-vis  Tile  de  Vancou- 
ver), et  par  M.  Xantus,  au  cap  St. -Lucas,  se  trouvent 
de*crites  dans  le  m£me  recueil  periodique  (1864).  Dans 
les  Proceedings  of  the  zoological  Society  (1863,  p.  559- 
569),  ou  trouvtTa  un  examen  critique  du  Panama  cata- 
logue du  professeur  C.  B.  Adams,  fait  d'apres  ses  echan- 
tillons  typiqnes ;  et,  pendant  le  cours  de  la  presente  on- 
nee,  le  ineme  journal  doit  publier  les  especes  nouvelles 
de  la  region  tropicale ,  recueillies  par  MM.  Reigen, 
C.  B.  Adams,  etc. 

Profitant  de  la  bienveillance  avec  laquelle  1'editeur  du 

Journal  de  Conchy Hologie  a  bien  voulu  m'ouviir  les  co- 

299 


—  132  — 

lonnes  de  son  recueil  scientifique,  je  me  propose  de  don- 
ner,  dans  cet  article,  les  diagnoses  des  especes  nouvelies 
de  Californie,  qui  ne  se  trouvent  pas  decrites  dans  lesme- 
moires  cites  plus  haul.  Je  me  trouve  dans  1'impossibilite 
d'en  donner  en  m&me  temps  les  figures,  attendu  que  j'ai 
deja  restitue  les  echantillons  typiques  a  1'institution  Smith- 
sonienne;  mais  cette  absence  de  figures  est  moins  regret- 
table, si  Ton  considere  qu'elle  n'est  que  momentanee,  et 
que  les  especes  en  question  doivent  £tre  prochainement 
dessine'es  et  gravees  sur  bois  par  le  savant  artiste,  M.  le 
I>r  W.  Slimpson,  pour  le  Manuel  des  Mollusques  de  la  cote 
ouest  d'Ame'rigue,  que  je  prepare  en  ce  moment,  a  la  de- 
mande  de  1'institution  Smithsonienne  (1).  Lorsqu'il  existe 
des  doubles  de  ces  diverses  especes,  on  les  trouvera  ou 
dans  le  Musee  britannique  ou  dans  la  collection  Cuming. 
Warrington  (Angleterre),  15  fevrier  1865. 

II. 
1.  ANGULUS  GOULDII. 

A.  t.  parva,  alba,  tenui,  tumida,  subdiaphana,  subqua- 
drata;  epidermide  pallida,  tenuissima,  induta;  Icevi,  li- 
neis  incrementi  hand  exstantibus  ;anticeetventraliter  in- 
flata  ,  marginibus  regulariter  excurvatis ;  parte  postica 
minima,  hand  angulata;  umbonibus  prominentibus  :  in- 
tus,  dentibus  cardinalibus  utraque  valva  uno  simplici 
unoque  bifido,  validis,  obtusis ;  laterali  antico  valva  dex- 

(1)  Je  prie  les  naturalistes  qui  trouveraient  des  erreurs  dans 
mes  ouvrages  deja  publics,  ou  qui  possederaient  de  nouveaux 
materiaux  relatifs  aux  Mollusques  de  la  cole  ouest  d'Amerique, 
de  vnuloir  bien  me  communiquef  leurs  renseignements,  en  me 
les  aaressant  chez  M.  le  professeur  Henry,  Smithsonian  institu- 
tion, Washington,  D.  C.,  Etais-Unis,  afm  que  je  puisse  rendre  ce 
Manuel  aussi  complet  et  aussi  exact  que  possible.  P.  C. 

300 


—  133  — 

tra  curto,  valido,  exstante  ;  postico  obsolete;  valva  sinis- 
trali  nullis ;  nymphis  rectis,  inconspicuis ;  sinu  pallii 
maxima,  subtriangulari ,  fere  cicatricem  alteram  tenus 
porrecto;  cicatricibus  adductoribus  postica  subquadrata, 
antica  elongata.  —  Long.  *48,  lat.  -4,  alt.  *1  poll.  (1). 

Hab.  San  Diego,  Cassidy.  L'ile  do  Gerros,  dans  la  basse 
Californie,  Ayres. 

Celte  petite  coquille  porte  le  nom  de  «  Mcera  Gouldii, 
Hani.,  »  dans  le  musee  Cuming  et  flans  les  Genera  de 
MM.  Adams  (t.  II,  p.  396),  mais  je  n'ai  pu  parvenir  a  en 
trouverde  diagnose  publiee.  Sur  quelques-unsdes  £chan- 
tillons,  on  peut  trouver  le  commencement  d'une  dent  la- 
terale  poslerieure.  Ainsi  la  difference  entre  les  sous- 
genres  Mcera  et  Angulus  de  MM.  Adams  est  de  tres-peu 
d'importance.  Cette  espece  offre  1'aspect  de  1'etat  jeune  dw 
Lutricola  Dombeyi,  Lamarck  (2),  mais  elle  en  differe  par 
la  charniere. 

(1)  Les  dimensions  des  especes  sent  donnces  en  pouces  an- 
glais, dont  chacun  =  2,53  centimetres. 

(2)  Pour  cetle  section  de  Scrobicularia,  MM.  Adams  proposent 
le  vocable  Capsa;  ce  qui  fait  grandement  confusion,  Capsa  etant 
un  nom  de  Lamarck,  synonyme,  il  est  vrai,  ft'Iphigenia,  Schuma- 
cher,  mais  neanmoins  tres-usite.  Je  propose  de  reconstituer  ie 
genre  ancien  Lutricola,  de  Blainville,  pris  dans  un  sens  resiremt, 
pour  ce  groupe,  intermediaire  entre  les  vrais  Scrobicularia  et  les 
Macoma,  ainsi  qu'il  suit : 

Sous-genre  Lutricola. 

=  Lutricola,  Blainv.  pars. 

=  Capsa,  H.  et  A.  Ad.,  non  Lam. 

=  Scrobicularia,  seu  Macoma,  seu  Tellina,  pars,  auct. 

Testa  tumida,  scepe  incequivalvis,  irregularis,  subquadrata  seu 
antice  producta ;  pars  postica  undata  seu  truncata;  cartilago  fossa 
subinterna  sita,  ligamento  curtiore  contigua  :  denies  cardinales 
utraque  valva  duo,  laterales  nulli. 

Ex.  Lutricola  ephippium,  Solander,  L.  alta,  Conrad;  L.  Dom- 
beyi,  Lamarck,  etc. 

301 


—  134  — 

OEDALIA,  D.  g. 

Etym.  oiSate*  (une  coquille)  renflee. 

Testa  inflala,  tenuis,  ccquivalvis,  cequilateralis.  cycla- 
diformis  :  margo  haud  hians,  haud  sinuatus  :  ligamentum 
et  cartilago  externa  :  denies  cardinales  3-2,  bifidi,  late- 
rales  nulli :  sinus  pallii  magnus. 

2.     OEDALIA    SCBDIAPHANA. 

OE.  t.  albida,  tenuissima,  subdiaphana,  submargarita- 
cea,  tumente;  Icevi,  striulis  incrementi  exillimis;  epider- 
midepallide  straminea,  tenuissima,  induta;  suborbiculari, 
umbonibus  tumentibus,  prominentibus  ;  marginibus  om- 
nino  satis  excurvatis,  antico  rotundato,  postico  paululum 
porrecto,  lunula  nulla  :  intus,  valva  sinistrali  dentibus 
cardmalibus  3  bifidis,  radiantibus,  quorum  centralis  ma- 
jor, valva  dextra  2  bifidis,  intercalantibus ;  nymphis  par- 
vis,  curtis,  tenuibus ;  ligamento  circa  umbones  excurrente; 
lamina  cardinali  dorsaliter  parum  claviculata;  cicatrici- 
bu$  adductoribus  parvis,  marginem  dorsalem  versus  sitis, 
antica  ovali,  postica  subrotundata ;  sinu  pallii  regulariter 
ovali,  per  duas  trientes  interstitii  incurrente,  longitudi- 
naliter  tenuissime  cor  ruga  to;  linea  pallii  antice  a  mar- 
gine  remota9  diagonaliter  reflexa.  —  Long.  '52,  lat.  '44^ 
alt.  -26,  poll. 

Hab.  San  Diego,  Cassidy. 

Je  n'ai  vu  qu'un  seul  ^chantillon  de  cette  coquille  fort 
remarquable.  Apres  Tavoir  examinee  pour  la  seconde  fois 
ct  avec  beaucoup  de  soin  au  microscope,  pour  caracleri- 
ser  Tespece  et  pour  comparer  ses  caracteres  avec  ceux  du 
Cooperella  scintilla; formis*  j'ai  eu  le  malheur  de  le  laisser 
tomber  a  terre  et  de  le  briser  :  mais  je  puis  attester  I'exac- 

litude  de  la  description.  Cetle  espece  a  Faspccl  externe 

302 


—  135  — 

d'un  Keltia  suborbicularis ,•  ('inflexion  palleale  d'un  Se- 
mele;  le  ligament  circumumbonal  des  Circe  et  des  Pse- 
phis; et  une  charniere  tres-complexe,  contenant  cinq 
dents,  toutes  bifides.  Avec  le  sous-genre  Cooperclla,  qui 
en  differe  comme  les  Lutricola  et  les  Macoma  (le  car- 
tilage &ant  semi-interne)  et  peut-6tre  avec  les  Cycla- 
della,  elle  constitue  un  groupe  parliculier  des  Tellmidce 

3.    PSEPHIS   TELLIMYALIS. 

Ps.  t.  valde  transversa,  subquadrata,  tumidiore,  valde 
incequilaterali ;  umbonibus  obtusis,  vix  prominentibus ; 
pallide  carneo-lutescente ,  purpureo  (maxime  circa  mar- 
ginem  dentesque)  tincta ;  epidermide  tenuissima  induta ; 
tota  super  fide  creberrime  concentrice  stria  ta;  margmi- 
bus,  dorsali  et  ventrali  subparallelis,  antico  rectiore,  pos~ 
tico  rotundato;  lunula  inconspicua  :  intus,  dentibus  cen- 
tralibus  minimis,  anticis  elongatis,  posticis  valde  elon- 
gatis;  sinupallii  vix  sinuato. — Long.  -09,  lat.  '07^  altit. 
•04,  poll. 

Hab.  Californie  (sur  la  partie  dorsale  d'une  Haliotide, 
Rowell). 

Le  sous-genre  Psephis  se  compose  de  tres-petites  co- 
quilles  veneriformes,  dont  I'animal  est  ovivipare,  comme 
celui  des  Cyclas,  etc.,  des  eaux  douces,  et  des  Bryophila 
parmi  les  Lamel lib ranches  marins.  La  charniere  porte 
trois  dents;  quelquefois  elles  ressemblent  a  celles  des 
Chione  ;  mais  ordinairement  les  dents  anterieures  et  pos- 
terieures  se  prolongent.  Le  Psephis  tellimyalis  se  trouve 
sur  les  limites  extremes  du  groupe.  II  a  V aspect  extdrieur 
d'un  Tellimya  bidentalis  et  quelque  chose  aussi  de  sa 
charniere,  a  cause  du  Ires-grand  developpement  des  deux 

dents terminales  aux  depens  de  la  dent  centrale.  Je  n'en  ai 

303 


—  136  — 

vu  qu'un  seul  e'chantillon,  qui  appartient  au  reverend 
J.  Rowell,  pasteur  a  Sari  Francisco. 

4.  TAPES  LACINIATA. 

T.  t.  «  T.  staminece  •  simili,  sed  majore,  fragili,  multo 
tenuiore;  satis  tumida,  subovali,  regulariter  excurvataf 
cinerea;  lunula  linea  impressa,  parum  depnita;  margini- 
bus,  postico  vix  subquadrato,  antico  producto;  ligamento 
hand  prominente;  costis  radiantibus  acutis,  distantibus, 
ventraliter  dimidium  interstitiorum  cequantibus,  postice 
parvis,  crebris,  antice  latis;  laminis  concentricis  creber- 
mmis,  vix  erectis,  costas  transeuntibus,  a  costis  et  inter- 
stitiis  eteganter  undatis,  hand  nodosis  :  pagina  interna  al- 
bida;  dentibus  cicatricibusque  ut  in  *T.  staminea*  forma- 
tis;  sinu  pallii  paulum  longiore,  acutiore.  —  Long.  2*  4, 
lat.  -Z,alt.  \-l,poll. 

Hab.  San  Diego,  Rich,  Blake,  Cooper. 

Celte  espece  est  remarquable,  en  m^me  temps  pour  la 
d&icatesse  de  sa  sculpture,  et  pour  les  caracteres  particu- 
liers  de  sa  texture.  Elle  appartient  au  m6me  groupe  que 
les  T.  Adamsii,  Reeve,  T.  lenerrima,  Carpenter  (decrit 
d'apres  un  individu  tres-jeune)  et  T.  staminea,  Conrad. 
Cette  derniere  espece  compte  parmi  ses  variet6s  les  V.  Pe- 
titii  et  V.  ruderata,  Deshayes,  V.  munduhis,  Reeve  (—  T. 
diversely  Sowerby)et  V.  tumida,  Sowerby.  Mais  elle  se  dis- 
tingue facilement  de  toutes  ces  formes  par  ses  lames  con- 
centriques,  disposees  au-dessus  des  rayons  et  de  leurs  in- 
terstices bien  prononce"s,  et  lacinite  au  sommet  fort 
eldgamment. 

5.  KELLIA  (LAPEROUSII,  var.)  CHIRONII. 

K.  t.  «  K.  Laperousii*  simili;  sed  tenuiore,  minus  trans- 

lersa,  ventraliter  excurvata;  epidermide  pallidiore  ;  um- 

304 


—   137  — 

bonibus  angustioribus  :  dentibus  multo  minoribus,  haud 
exstantibus. —  Long.  *76,  lat.  *62,  alt.  *41,  poll. 
Hab.  Neeah  Bny,  Swan ;  San  Pedro,  Cooper. 

Cette  vari&e  est  assez  distincte  de  la  forme  typique  du 
K.  Laperousii;  mais  la  suite  d'individus  que  j'ai  eu  occa- 
sion d' examiner  comparativement  m'a  permis  de  me  con- 
vaincre  que  1'espece  v&riait  beaucoup. 

6.  KELLIA  ROTUNDATA. 

K.  t.  tenuissima,  orbicular  i}  satis  convexa,  ceguilate- 
rali,  Icevi;  epidermide  subnitente,  pallide  olivacea;  urn- 
bonibus  angustis,  satis  prominentibus ;  marginibus  omnino 
regulariter  excurvatis  :  intus,  dentibus  cardinalibus  2 
tenuibus,  satis  conspicws,  clavicula  haud  exstante ;  denti- 
bus lateralibus  satis  elongatis. — Long.  *6,  lat.  *5^  alt.  -28, 
poll. 

Hab.  Monterey,  Taylor. 

Celte  espece  est  beaucoup  plus  grande,  mais  moins 
renflee  que  le  K.  suborbicularis,  et  se  distingue  facile- 
ment  par  sa  forme  presque  completement  arrondie. 

7.  OSTREA    LURIDA. 

0.  t.  irregulari ,  suborbiculari,  ellipsoideat  sen  pro- 
ducta;  superficie  interdum  laminata,  purpurea  seu  squa- 
lide  grisea,  haud  costata  :  intus  olivacea,  interdum  pur- 
pureo  tincta,  sen  omnino  purpurea,  submargaritacea;  car" 
dine  recto ;  umbonibus  haud  conspicuis,  haud  excavaiis; 
margine  inferno,  cardinem  versus  scepe  crenulato. 

Animal  flavors  cupreo  tinctum. 

Var.  laticaudata,  Nutt,  ms. :  t.  omnino  purpurea,  mar- 
gine producto,  undato;  cardinem  versus,  denticulis  con- 
vjji^uis  insiructo. 

Hab.  Vancouver  Is.,  a2-o  toisessur  fond  de  vase,  Lord: 
20  305 


—  138  — 

Shoalwaler  Bay,  Cooper,   Newih   Bay  et  Tatooche  Is., 
Sioan(Var.)  Monterey,  NuttaH. 

?Var.  expansa  :  t.  omnino  planata,  per  totam  superfi- 
ciem  affixa ;  extus,  marginem  versus  laminata,  purpureo 
radiata;  intus,  olivaceo-rufa,  ligamento  parvo,  in  medio 
undatof  solidiore. 

Hab.  S.  Pedro,  Cooper. 

?Var.  rufoides :  t.  «  0.  Virginicce  »  jun.  simili;  sed  te- 
nmssima,  luteo-rufa,  intus  rufo  tincta;  umbonibus  con- 
cavis. 

Hab.  S.  Diego,  Cassidy,  Cooper.  Fossile  a  San  Pablo, 
20  pieds  au-dessus  de  la  haute  maree,  Newberry. 

Les  Hidtres  de  Californie,  dans  leur  etat  ordinaire, 
comme  on  les  trouve  an  Shoalwater  Bay  (Oregon),  ont  a 
peu  pres  la  couleur  et  Taspect  de  jietites  Etheries.  Les 
individus  des  mers  plus  chaudes  ont  Tair  d'etre  tres-dis- 
tincts;  ranis,  d'apres  le  docteur  Cooper,  qui  a  une  grande 
experience  de  la  matiere,  ce  ne  sont  que  des  variotes.  Je 
ne  potivais  pas  prendre  pour  nom'specifique  celui  que  le 
professeur  Nuttall  avail  donne  en  manuscrit  a  une  forme 
accidenielle.  Quant  aux  autres  formes,  assez  constantes 
dans  leurs  diverses  localiles,  je  leur  ai  donne  des  noms 
qui  pourront  servir  a  les  designer  soit  comme  especes, 
soit  comme  varietes,  lorsque,  plus  tard,  la  connais- 
sance  d'un  plus  grand  nombre  d'individus  permettra 
d'avoir  une  opinion  definitive  en  ce  qui  les  concerne.  La 
variete  rufoides  a  beaucoup  de  1 'aspect  de  \'0.  Virginica 
(Maz.  Cat.,  n°.  212).  Elle  etait  designee  sous  le  nom  «  0. 
?rvfa  »  par  le  docteur  Gould  ;  mais  je  suis  porte  k  croire 
que  1'espece  de  Lamarck  est  une  variete  des  Huitres  atlau- 
tiques,  altendu  que  les  coquilles  de  la  haute  Californie 
n'etaient  pas  connues  a  1'epoque  ou  il  a  ecrit. 

306 


—  139  — 

8.    TORNATELLA   PUNCTOCJILATA. 

T.  t»  tenui,  satis  elongata,  ovoidea;  cinerea,  fasciis 
duabus  latis  fuscis  ornata;  vertice  nucleoso  decliviter  cce- 
lato;  anfractibus  normalibus  4  vix  convexis ,  suturis 
distinctis;  tola  super  fide  sulcis  subdistantibus  ccelata, 
punctis  impressis  seriatim  dispositis,  quarum  7-9,  in 
spira  monstrantur ;  basi  ovali;  apertura  latiore;  lahro 
acutOj  antice  sinuato;  labio  indistincto ;  plica  acuta  de- 
clivijuxtaparietem,haudexstante;columella  antice  torta. 
Long.  -2,  long.  spir.  *06,  lat.  -09,  poll.:  div.  50°. 

Hab.  Sanla-Crux,  Rowell.  — San  Diego,  Cooper. 

Celte  espece  est  un  pen  aberrante,  a  cause  de  son  ou- 
verture  large,  de  son  pli  reporte  pres  du  bord  parietal  et 
de  sa  eolumelle  tordue  comme  celle  des  Bullina.  La  cise- 
lure  des  tours  ressemble  aux  impressions  que  laisserait  une 
s£rie  de  petits  colliers. 

9.  CYLICHNA  PLANATA. 

C.t.parva,  cylindracea,  subelongata,  alba,  Icevi,  epi- 
dermide  straminea  induta;  marginibus  fere  par allelis; 
spira  planata,  hand  umbilicata,  hand  mamillata;  anfrac- 
tibus 4  convolutis,  suturis  parum  impressis;  basi  modice 
effusa;  labro  tenui,  in  media  satis  producto,  antice  late 
arcuato,  postice  parum  sinuato^  hand  canaliculate,  sutu- 
ram  versus  satis  rotundato ;  labio  distincto,  postice  sub- 
calloso ;  columella  plica  satis  exstante,  axi  basim  circum- 
gyrante.  Long.  '\\,  lat.  -055,  poll.  :  div.  180°. 

Hab.  San  Diego,  Cassidy. 

On  n'a  trouve  qu'un  seul  echantillon  de  cette  petite 
espece,  qui  est  intermediaire  entre  les  Cylichna  et  les 
Tornatina. 

307 


—  140  — 
Genus  LOTTIA. 

=  Lottia,  Gray,  pars. 

—  Acmaa,  seu  Tectura,  seu  Patella,  pars,  auct. 
=  Teclurella,  Cpr.  Brit.  Assoc.  Rep.  4861,  p.  137; 
non  Stimpson,  Invert.,  Grand-Manan. 

Testa  Patellis  quibusdam  seu  Helcioni  similis ;  pie- 
r>;mque  planata,  solida,  apice  anterior i. 

Animal  margine  pallii  intus  papillis  lamellosis  circa 
dorsum  lateraque  instructo,  regione  capitis  interrupts; 
pede  elongato,  ovali,  planato ;  branchia  minima. 

Ce  genre  est  intermediate  entre  les  Acmaa  et  les  Scur- 
ria.  Dans  les  Acmcea,  le  manteau  est  simple ;  dans  les 
Scurria.  il  est  garni,  sur  toutesa  circonference,  depapilles 
qui,  a  premiere  vue,  offrent  1'apparence  des  branchies  des 
vraies  Palelles\  chez  les  Lottia,  on  trouve  ces  papilles  sur 
le  corps,  mais  non  sur  la  t6te  de  ('animal.  De  plus,  la 
branchie,  qui  est  ordinairement  allongee  et  en  forme  de 
plume  chez  les  Acma>a,  et  triangulaire  chez  les  Scurria, 
est  tres-petite  dans  le  genre  qui  nous  occupe.  II  serait 
premature  de  vouloir  fixer  definitivement  les  caracteres 
conch\ liologiques  du  genre  Lottia 9  quoique  le  type  soil 
Ires  diflei-ent  des  Palelles  ordinaires;  car  il  est  possible 
que  quelqucs- unes  des  espcces  que  Ton  considere  actuel- 
Icment  comme  des  Patelles  se  trouvent  6tre  des  Lollia9 
lorsqu'on  aura  eu  I'occasion  d'observer  leurs  animaux. 

On  sail  qu'il  y  a  qiuitre  noms  employes  pour  designer 
les  Palelles  a  branchie  <le  petite  dimension.  Acmcea  est  le 
premier  en  date,  ayant  e't6  public  dans  Pappendice  du 
voyage  de  Rolz  hue.  J'aurais  voulu  conserver  pour  ce 
groupe  ie  voc.iDie  geuerique  Tectura,  employ^  (apres 

Milne  -Edwards)  pnr  Gray  et  MM.  Adams :  mais  je  trouve 

308 


—   141    — 

qne  Sowerby  sen.,  dans  son  Genera,  a  figure*  1'espece 
originale  comme  type  de  son  «  Lottia,  Gray.  » 

C'est  le  docteur  Cooper  qui,  le  premier,  a  observe  et 
signale  les  particularites  de  1'animal ;  mais  la  diagnose 
qne  je  viens  de  donner  est  le  rcsultat  des  etudes  du  doc- 
teur Alcock,  qui  a  suceeMe  au  capitaine  Brown  comme 
curateur  du  Musee  de  Manchester.  II  a  fait  1'anatomie  de 
presque  toutes  les  Patelles  de  la  c6te  ouest  d'Amerique; 
mais  je  ne  veux  pas  anticiper  sur  ses  decouvertes.  Voici  la 
diagnose  de  1'espece  typique. 

10.  LOTTIA  GIGANTEA,  Gray. 

L.  t.magna,  crassiore,planata,  expansa.  iextura  swpius 
extus  spongiosa;  nucleo  minor e,  corneo,  nigro-fusco,  an- 
cyliformi,  vertice  mamillato,  subelevato;  dein  eloncjata, 
postice  grisea,  undulata;  t.  adolescente  verrucosa,  radiis 
obscuris,  antice  hand  verrucosis ;  t.  adulta  plus  minusve, 
lata,  plus  minusve  radiata  sen  verrucosa;  apice  plus 
minusve  a  margine  remoto;  parte  antica  sen  hand  exstante, 
sen  circiter  per  quintain  totius  longitudinis  projiciente, 
parte  postica  plus  minusve  elevata,  convexa;  extus  ut  in 
«  Acmcea  pelta  » picta,  albido-grisea,  fusco-olivaceo  coniose 
irregulariter  strigata  :  intus,  plerumque  testudinaria , 
margine  lato,  nigro;  spectro  definite,  seu  rarius  albido , 
cicatrice  musculari  fortiore,  interdum  purpureo  seu  via- 
laceo  tincta. 

Long.  (sp.  normalis)  2-6^  lat.  2*05,  alt.  -7,  poll.  A. 

Long.  (sp.  variantis)  2-95,  lat.  2  35,  alt.  -8,  poll.  B. 

On  mesure  de  Yapex  jusqu'au  bord  anterieur,  dans  le 
sp.  A,  -45. 

On  mesure  de  Yapex  jusqu'au  bord  anterieur,  dans  (e 
sp.  B,  -05. 

309 


—  142  — 

L'a'titude  de  Yapex  en  sp.  A  est  de  '6. 

L'aliitude  de  Yapex  en  sp.  B  n'est  que  de  '35. 

=  Teclurella  grandis,  (!pr.  Brit.  Assoc.  Bep.,  loc.  cit., 
ou  Ton  pent  voir  quelques  details  sur  les  variations  de 
cette  espece  remarquable. 

11.    BlTTICM    (?VAR.)   ESUBIENS. 

B.  t.  «  B.  filoso  »  simili,  sed  multo  minore,  graciliore, 
inter dum  valde  attenuata;  sculptura  I.  juniore  ut  in 
«  B.  filoso;  »  sed  t.  adulta  subobsoleta,  interstitiis  hand 
insculptis.  Long.  -27,  long.  spir.  -19,  lat.  '085,  poll.  : 
div.  25°. 

Hab.  Neeah  Bay,  Swan.  Sla. -Barbara,  Jewett.  —  Mon- 
terey, San  I'edro,  Cooper. 

Bien  que  j'aie  vu  beaucoup  d'individus  de  cette  forme, 
et  un  plus  grand  nombre  encore  du  B.  filosum,  Gld. 
(=  Turritella  Eschrichli,  Midd.  =  Acirsa  Eschrichti, 
Adams,  Genera),  je  ne  puis  pas  decider  avec  une  certitude 
complete  si  c'est  une  veritable  espece,  ou  seulement  une 
variete  degradee  et,  pour  ainsi  dire,  affam^e  (esuriens)  du 
B.  filosum,  qui,  d'ailleurs,  ne  varie  pas.  Comme  le  B.  fi- 
losum rie  s'etend  pas  aussi  loin  au  sud,  il  est  probable  que 
les  echantillons californiens  doivent  6tre  consider^  comme 
di>tincts,  tandis  que  les  individus  de  la  region  Vancouv^- 
rienne  peuvent  &tre  r^unis  au  B.  filosum.  Tous  les  indi- 
vidus qu'on  a  envoyos  etaient  tres-roules. 

12.    BlTTIUM   ATTENUATDM. 

B.  t.  valde  gracili,  attenuata;  an fr.  nucl...  (detritis}; 
normalibus  10  planatis,  suturis  haud  impressis ;  t.  juniore 
lirulis  spiralibus  2  anticis  conspicuis,  aliis  posticis  parum 

conspicuis,  supra  costulas  circiter  \  \ .  radiantes  transeun- 

310 


—   143  — 

tibus;  t.  adulta  cos  tit  Us  et  lirulis  anticis  obsoletis;  lirulis 
2.  suturalibus ;  basi  prolongata,  striis  circiter  6  ornata; 
apertura  ovali;  colum?lla  intorta,  pa-rum  emarginata. 
Long  -k,  long.  spir.  -31,  lat.  •\\,poll.  :  div.  18°. 

Hab.  Monterey,  Taylor.  —  Neeah  Bay,  Sivan. 

Je  n  ni  vu  qu'un  ittul  echanlillon  en  bon  etat  de  cette 
espcce.  Elle  a  la  taille  du  It.  plicatum,  A.  Ad.,  raais  la 
sculpture  de  la  base  est  difFe* rente. 

15.    ?BlTTIUM    QUADRIFILATUM. 

?B.  t.  satis  tereti,  pallide  cinerea,  tenuisculpta ;  anfr. 
nucleosis.primo  omnino  ccelato,?sinistrali,  dein  2  Icevibus, 
rotundatis,  apice  quasi  mamillato;  anfr.  normalibus  7 
subplanatis;  suturis  valde  impressis,  hand  sculp tis ;  cos- 
tulis  radiantibus  circ.  16-22,  angustis,  subrectis,  anfr. 
ult.  crebrioribus,  suturam  versus  evanidis:  filis  spiralibus 
semper  cequalibus,  supra  spiram  4  angustis,  expressis, 
costulas  transeuntibus,haudnodulosis;  filis  duabus  alteris, 
inter  quas  sutura  sita  est;  basi  tenue  striata;  columella 
intorta,  parum  effusa;  apertura  ovata;  labio  parvo,  labro 
tenui,  parum  arcuato.Long.  -26^  long.  spir.  -48,  lat.  *09, 
poll:  div.  25° 

Hah.  S.  Pedro,  Cooper.  — S.  Diego,  Cassidy. 

Dans  cette  espece  et  dans  quelques  autres  tres  voi- 
sines,  les  B.  asperum  et  B.  armillafum,  par  exemple,  le 
nuc!6us  est  tres- different  de  celui  des  Biltium  lypiques. 
II  est  probable  qu'elles  n'appartiennent  pas  au  meme 
genre. 

14.  BARLEEIA  SUBTENUIS. 

B.  t.  parva,  tenui,  interdum  subdiaphana^  rufo-corneat 
anfr.  nucleosis  normalibus,  apice  submamillato;  normali- 
bus 4,  planatis.  suturis  distinctis:  basi  rotundata:  aper- 

311 


tura  subovata,  peritremate  continuo;  labro  acuto;  labio 
distincto,  lacunam  umbilicalem  formante;  columella  sub- 
angulata  operculo  semilunato,  dense  rufo-vinoso,  subho- 
mogeneo,  hand  spirali,  rudi;  apophysi  prcelonga  antice 
columellam  versus  exslante.  Long.  '\\,  long.  spir.  *07, 
lat.  -06,  poll. :  div.  40°.  g 

Hab.  S.  Diego,  Cassidy\  sur  1'herbe,  Cooper.  —  Cape 
St. -Lucas,  Xantus.  —  Mazatlan,  Rcigen. 

Si  Ton  juge  «eiilcmenl  d'apres  !a  coquille,  on  ne  pent 
guere  separcr  celte  espece  despetites  varietesdegrndees  de 
YHydrobia  ulrcB  d'Europe.  J'avais  rapporte  a  cetle  espece 
quelques  indivi.lus,  en  tres-mauvais  etal,  de  la  collection 
Reigen  (Maz.  Cal.,  n°4!7).  Mais  les  individus  frais  qui 
ont  ele  recneilh's,  grace  au  zele  du  docteur  Cooper,  pos- 
sedent  1'opercule  remurquable  des  Barleeia. 

15.  BABLEEIA  (?SUBTENUIS,  VAR.)  RIMATA. 

B.  t.  «  B.  subtenui  »  simili;  sed  paulum  tumidiore ; 
anfractibus  minus  planatis;  rima  umbilicali  conspicua. 

Hab,  S.  Diego,  Cassidy,  Cooper. 

Peut-e"tre  celle  forme  se  trouvera-t-el!e  consliluer  une 
ospeoe  dislincte,  lorsqu'elle  sera  mieux  connue. 

16.  BARLEEIA  UALIOTIPHILA. 

B.  t.  parva,  turrita,  Icevi,  angusta,  tenui,  rufo-fusca; 
marginibus  spirce  subrectis;  anfr.  nucleosis  normalibus, 
vertice  submamillato;  norm.  5  subplanatis,  suturis  dis- 
tinctis;  basi  subplanata,  obsolete  angulata;  aperturaovata, 
peritremati  haud  continuo;  labro  tenui;  labio  parum  cal- 
loso;  columella  vix  arcuata;  operculo  ut  in«B.  subtenui  • 
Long.  -\,  long.  spir.  06,  lat.  -05,  div.  30°. 

Hob.  Basse  Californie,  sur  la  pnrlie  dorsale  d'une  Ua- 
liotide,  Rowell. 

312 


—  145  — 

Cette  espece  est  voisine  du  B.  subtenuis  ;  elle  s'en  dis- 
(ingue  par  sa  taille  beaucoup  plus  petite,  et  sa  forme  plus 
fiancee. 

17.  DRILLIA  TOROSA. 

D.  t.  acuminata,  Icevi,  aurantio-fusca,  epidermide  au- 
rantio-olivacea  induta;  anfr.  nucleosis  ?...(detritis);  nor- 
malibus  7  tumidioribus,  suturis  planatis;  serie  una  tuber- 
culorum  validorum,  subrotundatorum ,  anfractu  penul- 
timo  8,  anfr.  ultimo  haud  obsoletis;  regions  sinus  parvi, 
rotundati  paulum  excavata;  regione  suturali  haud 
sculp ta;  canali  longiore;  columella  recta;  labio  tenui;  labro 
acuto,  postice  sinuato.  Long.  '95,  long.  spir.  *55,  lat.  *3, 
poll.  :  div.  30°. 

Hab.  Monterey,  Taylor,  Cooper. 

Cette  espece,  ainsi  que  d'autres  Pleurotomidce  califor- 
niens,  appartient  a  un  groupe  particulier,  dont  le  D.  iner- 
mis,  Hinds,  peut  6tre  considere  comme  le  type.  Peut-e"tre 
ces  formes  seraient-elles  mieux  placeesdans  le  sous-genre 
Clwnella,  qui  est  vraiment  marin,  d'apres  les  observations 
du  docteur  Stimpson  sur  les  especes  du  cap  de  Bonne* 
Esperance,  et  non  pas  iMelanien,  comme  1'a  suppose  le 
docteur  Gray,  et  comme  1'ont  dit,  apres  lui,  MM.  Adams 
et  Chenu. 

18.  DRILLIA  (?TOROSA,  var.)  AURANTIA. 

D.  t.  «  D.  torosce  »  simili ,  sed  aurantia  ;  linea  suturali 
expressa;  interdum  spiraliter  sculpta.  Long.  •$,  long, 
spir.  -32,  lat.  '28,  poll.:  div.  38°. 

Hab.  San  Diego,  Cassidy.  —  San  Pedro,  Cooper. 

Les  individus  des  localites  meridionales  etaient  tous  en 
mauvais  etat,  et  je  ne  suis  pas  encore  convaincu  qu'ilsap- 

partiennent  a  la  m6me  espece. 

313 


—  146  — 

49.  DRILLIA  PENICILLATA. 

D.  t.  «  D.  inermi  »  forma  et  indole  simili;  sed  cinerea, 
rufo-fusco  dense  penicillata;  lineolis  creberrimis,  inter- 
dum  diagonalibus,  sen  zic-zacformibusf  sen  varie  inter- 
ruptis;  anfractibus  planatis,  plicato-costatis,  costulis  cir- 
citer  \  4,  regione  sinus  minimi,  lati,  expansi  interruptis, 
postice  nodosis;  canali  effusa. — Long.  \  *35,  long.  spir.  -75, 
lat.  -42,  poll.  :  div.  25°. 

Hab.  Cerros  Is.,  basse  Californie,  Vealch. 

Tous  les  individus  que  j'ai  vus  de  cette  espece  etaient 
excessivement  routes,  mais  on  peut  la  reconnailre  tres- 
facilement  a  sa  coloration  eiegante. 

20.  ?  DAPIINELLA  ASPERA. 

?  D.  t.  parva,  tenui,  rufo-fusca,  gracili,  angusta,  fusi- 
formi,  epidermide  tenui  induta;  anfr.  nucleosis%  Icevibus, 
vertice  contorio ;  normalibus  (t.  adolescente)  4  elongatis, 
fenestratis,  suturis  distinctis ;  costulis  radiantibus  circi- 
ter  13  angustis,  acutis,  et  costulis  spiralibus,  in  spira 
3,  anfractu  ultimo  circiter  10,  angustis,  acutis,  radiantes 
superantibus ,  eleganter  decussata ;  intersectionibus  subno- 
didosis,  inters titiis  quadratis ;  apertura  elongata,  an- 
gusta, antice  effusa;  labro  postice  vix  sinuato.  —  Long. 
•11,  long.  spir.  -09,  lat.  '08,  poll.:  div.  35°. 

Hab.  Monterey,  Taylor. 

Je  n'ai  vu  de  celte  charmante  petite  coquille  qu'un 
seul  ecliantillon  trcs-frais,  mais  incompletement  adulte. 
Pout-elre  se  Irouvera-t-elle  raieux  placee  dans  le  genre 
Milromorpha,  A.  Adorns? 

21.  ODOSTOMIA  STRAMINKA. 
fi 

0.  t.  «  0.  inflates,  var.  eldtiori  •  simili,  sed  multo  ela~ 
314 


—  147  — 

tiore;  hand  inflata ,  epidermide  straminea,  haud  striu- 
lata.  —  Long.  *18,  long.  spir.  -08,  lat.  -\,  poll.  :  div.  40". 
.  Hab.  basse  Californie  (sur  la  partie  dorsale  d'une  Ha- 
liotide],  Rowell.  —  Cap  St. -Lucas,  Xantus. 

On  peut  facilement  distinguer  cette  espece  de  celles  du 
Nord  par  sa  spire  allongee  et  son  epidemic  d'un  jaune 
de  paille. 

22.  CHEMNITZIA  TRIDENTATA. 

Ch*  t.  (quoad  genus)  magna,  compacta,  latiore;  casta- 
nea,  interdum  fasciis pallidioribus ;  anfr.  nucleosis  3  heli- 
coideis,  apice  conspicuo,  marginibus  spirce  rectis  parum 
super  ant  ibus  ;  normalibus  \\  subplanatis,  suturis  distinc- 
tis;  costis  rectis  acutis,  interdum  19,  interdum  24  tenus9 
haud  attingentibus,  circa  peripheriam  hand  subito  evani- 
dis;  interstitiis  undatis,  eleganter  spiraliter  sulcqtis ; 
sulculis  circiter  8-10^  costis  haud  superantibus ;  apertura 
subquadrata;  labro  intus  tridentato;  columella  tortuosa; 
basi  rotundata. — Long.  -45^  long.  spir.  -35,  lat.  -12,  poll.: 
div.\V. 

Hab.  Santa  Barbara,  Jewett.  —  Puget  Sound,  Kenner- 
ley.  —  Monterey,  San  Pedro,  Cooper. 

Les  trois  dents  de  cette  belle  espece,  cachees  tout  a  fait 
a  Tinterieur  de  Touverture,  comrne  dans  plusieursespeces 
du  genre  Obeliscus,  ont  ete,  pour  la  premiere  fois,  ob- 
siirvees  sur  un  individu  casse  et  roule  de  Sanla  Barbara. 
Celui-ci  a  22c6tes;  celui  de  Monterey,  20;  celui  du  nord, 
19;  et  ceux  de  San  Diego,  24. 

23.  CHESINITZIA  (?rar.)  AURANTIA. 

Ch.  t. «  Ch.  chocolatce  »  simili,  sedmulto  minore,  latiore, 
haud  tereti,  aurantia;  anfr.  nucleosis?...  (detritis);  nor- 
malibus 7  planattSy  suturis  impressis;  costulis  radiant i- 

315 


—  us  — 

bus  circiter  26,  hand  expressis,  ad  peripheriam  evanidis, 
interstitiis  late  undatis ;  lineolis  spiralibus  castanets  ere- 
berrimis  tota  superficie  ornato;  basi  subrotundata ;  colu- 
mella  parum  torta;  apertura  ovata;  labro  tenui,  acuto  ; 
labio  haud  conspicuo. — Long.  '23,  long.  spir.  '16,  lat.  -07, 
poll.:  div.  20°. 

Hab.  Santa  Barbara,  Jewell. — Pugel  Sound,  Kcnnerlcy. 

II  est  possible  qu'on  reconnaisse  plus  tard  que  celte 
espece  est  le  jeune  a*ge  du  Ch.  tridenlata  :  elle  eat  inter- 
mediaire  entre  elle  et  le  Ch.  chocolala. 

24.    VOLUTELLA   PYRIFORMIS. 

V.  t.  parva,  «  V.  margaritulce  *  simili ,  sed  aurantiaco 
pallide  tincta ;  antice  angustiore,  magis  elongata;  labio 
conspicuo;  labro  postice  parum  sinuato,  intus  denticulis 
minus  expressis  ornato;  plicis  columellaribus  normalibus, 
acutioribus. — Long.  -\,  lat.  *065,  poll. 

Hab  San  Diego,  Cooper.  — California,  «  Pacific  Rail- 
way exploring  Expedition.  » 

Cette  espece  ressemble  an  V.  margariluta  (Maz.  Cat., 
n"  589),  mais  elle  esl  plus  allongee  en  avant.  Le  genre 
Vom^im,Swainson  (non  d'Orbigny),  correspond  au  genre 
Closia  de  Gray. 

25.  OCINEBRA  POULSONI  (Nutt.  ms.). 

0.  t.  turrita,  solida,  luteo-albida,  rufo-sanguineo  spi- 
raliter  lineata;  vertice  nucleoso  parvo,  Icevi,  parum  tu- 
mente  :  t.  juniore  rhomboidea,  hand  varicosa,  spira  pla- 
nata,  peripheria  subangulataf  canali  recta,  longiore,  la- 
bro intus  dentatOj  labio  distincto,  subcalloso  :  t.  adultat 
anfr.  7  primis  planatis,  posticis  tumidis ;  suturis  pla- 

natis,  sedarea  postica  concava;  costis subvaricosis  crebris. 

316 


—  149  — 

tumentibus,  irregular ibus,  anfractu  ultimo  7,  circiter 
quinquies  subnodosis;  tola  super  fide  spiraliter  crebre  in- 
sculpta  ;  sulcis  punctatis ,  rufo  sanguineis ;  aperturaovali; 
labro  acutiore,  dorsaliter  tumido,  varicoso,  intus  dentibus 
validis  circiter  §  munito;  labto  solido,  sub  suturam  dente 
valido  parietali  munito,  super  columellam  calloso;  canali 
breviore,  aperto.  —  Long.  \  '85,  long.  spir.  *96,  lat.  *93, 
poll. :  div.  38°. 

Mab.  San  Diego,  Nuttall.  —  Cerros  Is.,  Veatch.  — 
Santa  Barbara,  Jewell. 

Je  n'ai  vu  que  trois  individus  de  cette  belle  espece  : 
I'uird'eux,  qui  esl  typique,  porte  le  nom  de  «  Buccinum 
Poulsoni  »  dans  la  collection  Nuttall  qui  fail  parlie  du 
Musee  brilannique  :  un  second,  tres-jeune,  et  d'un  as- 
pect fort  particulicT,  bien  qu'il  appartienne  evidemment 
a  la  me* me  espece,  a  ete  recueilli  par  le  colonel  Jewell, 
probablement  a  Santa  Barbara  (mais,  d'apres  son  etiquette, 
a  Panama) :  enfin  celui  du  docteur  Veatcli  provient  de  la 
basse  Califbrnie,  et  il  esten  tres-mauvais  elat.  Le  premier 
a  ele  dessine  sur  bois  pour  1'institution  Smithsonienne 
par  M.  Sowerby.  Comme  celle  e^pece  inte'ressante  est 
presque  inconnue  en  France,  j'ai  cru  devoir  en  donner 
une  description  suffisamment  precise.  p.  p,  c- 

317 


N. 


ON 

THE  PLEISTOCENE  FOSSILS 


COLLECTED  BY 


COL.  E.  JEWETT,  AT  STA.  BARBARA,  CALIFORNIA; 


WITH 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  NEW  SPECIES. 


BY 
PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B.A.,  Pn.D. 


From  the  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History.     Third  Series,  Vol. 
XVII.,  pp.  274-278,  April,  1866. 


(319) 


[From  the  ANNALS  AND  MAGAZINE  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY 
for  April  1866.J 


ON 

THE  PLEISTOCENE  FOSSILS 

COLLECTED  BY  COL.  E.  JEWETT  AT  STA.  BARBARA,  CALIFORNIA} 

WITH 

DESCRIPTIONS    OF   NEW   SPECIES. 

BY 

PHILIP  P.  CARPENTER,  B.A.,  PH.D. 


THE  study  of  the  recent  and  tertiary  mollusks  of  the  west  coast 
of  America  is  peculiarly  interesting  and  instructive,  for  the  fol- 
lowing reasons.  It  is  the  largest  unbroken  line  of  coast  in  the 
world,  extending  from  60°  N.  to  55°  S.,  without  any  material 
salience  e^tept  the  promontory  of  Lower  California.  Being 
flanked  by  an  almost  continuous  series  of  mountain-ranges,  the 
highest  in  the  New  World,  it  mi<iht  reasonably  be  supposed  that 
the  coast-line  had  been  separated  from  the  Atlantic  from  remote 
ages.  The  almost  entire  dissimilarity  of  its  faunas  from  those 
of  the  Pacific  Islands,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  an  immense 
breadth  of  deep  ocean  from  north  to  south,  marks  it  out  as  con- 
taining the  most  isolated  of  all  existing  groups  of  species,  both  in 
its  tropical  and  its  temperate  regions.  When  we  go  back  in  time, 
we  are  struck  by  the  entire  absence  of  anything  like  the  boreal 
drift,  which  has  left  its  ice-scratchings  and  arctic  shells  over  so 
large  a  portion  of  the  remaining  temperate  regions  of  the  northern 
hemisphere,  and  also  by  the  very  limited  remains  of  what  can 
fairly  be  assigned  to  the  Eocene  age.  The  great  bulk  of  the 
land  on  the  Pacific  slope  of  North  America  (so  far  as  it  is  not 
of  volcanic  origin)  appears  to  have  been  deposited  during  the 
Miocene  epoch.  Here  and  there  only  are  found  beds  whose 
fossils  agree  in  the  main  with  those  now  living  in  the  neigh- 
bouring seas.  To  trace  the  com  spon deuces  and  differences 
21  321 


2  Dr.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  Pleistocene  Fossils 

between  these  and  their  existing  representatives  may  be  expected 
to  present  results  analogous  to  those  now  being  worked  out 
with  such  discerning  accuracy  from  the  various  newer  beds  of 
modern  Europe. 

The  first  collection  of  Californian  fossils  seen  in  the  east  was 
made  near  Sta.  Barbara  by  Col.  E.  Jewett  in  1849;  but  no  ac- 
count .was  published  of  them  before  the  list  in  the  British  Asso- 
ciation Report  (1863),  p.  539.  They  consist  of  forty-six  species, 
of  which  twenty-nine  are  known  to  be  now  living  in  the  Cali- 
fornian seas,  and  others  may  yet  be  found  there.  The  following 
ten  are  Vancouver  species,  some  of  which  may  travel  down  to 
the  northern  part  of  California  : — 

Margarita  pupilla,  Priene  Oregonensis, 

Galerus  fastigiatus,  Trophon  Orpheus, 

Bittium  filusum,  Chrysodomus  carinatus, 

Lacuna  solidula,  C.  tabulatus,  and 

Natica  clausa,  C.  dims. 

Some  of  these  are  distinctly  boreal  shells,  as  are  also  Crepidula 
grandis  (of  which  Col.  Jewett  obtained  a  giant,  3J  inches  long, 
and  which  now  lives  on  a  smaller  scale  in  Karntschatka)  and 
Trophon  tenuisculptus  (whose  relations  will  be  presently  pointed 
out).  So  far,  then,  we  have  a  condition  of  things  differing  from 
that  of  the  present  seas,  somewhat  as  the  Red  Crag  differs  from 
the  Coralline.  But  in  the  very  same  bed  (and  the  shells  are  in. 
such  beautiful  condition  that  they  all  appear  to  have  lived  on 
the  spot,  which  was  perhaps  suddenly  caused  to  emerge  by 
volcanic  agency)  are  found  not  only  tropical  species  which  even 
yet  struggle  northwards  into  the  same  latitudes  (as  Chione 
succincta),  but  also  species  now  found  only  in  southern  regions, 
as  Cardium  graniferum  and  Pecten  floridus.  Besides  these, 
the  following,  unknown  except  in  this  bed,  are  of  a  distinctly 
tropical  type,  viz. : 

Opalia,  var.  insculpta.  Pisania  fortis. 

Chrysallida,  sp. 

From  a  single  collection  made  only  at  one  spot,  in  a  few 
weeks,  and  from  tke  very  fragmentary  information  to  be  derived 
from  the  collections  of  the  Pacific  Railway  surveys  (described  by 
Mr.  Conrad,  and  tabulated  in  the  Brit.  Assoc.  Report,  1863, 
pp.  589-596),  it  would  be  premature  to  draw  inferences.  We 
shall  await  with  great  interest  the  more  complete  account  to  be 
given  by  Mr.  Gabb  in  the  Report  of  the  California  Geological 
Survey.  With  the  greatest  urbanity,  that  gentleman  has  sent 
his  doubtful  Pleistocene  fossils  to  the  writer,  to  be  compared 
the  living  fauna;  but  it  would  be  unfair  here  to  give  any 
322 


from  Sta.  Barbara,  California.  8 

account  of  them,  except  that  they  confirm  the  foregoing  state- 
ments in  their  general  character. 

-The  following  are  diagnoses  of  the  new  species  in  Col.  Jewett's 
collection. 

Turritella  Jewettii. 

T.  testa  satis  tereti,  haud  tenui,  cinerea  rufo-fusco  tincta ;  anfr. 
subplanatis,  suturis  distinctis ;  liruiis  distantibus  (quarutn  t.  jun. 
duse  extantiores)  et  striolis  subobsoletis  spiralibus  ciucta;  basi 
parum  angulata ;  apertura  subquadrata ;  labro  tenui,  modice  si- 
nuato. 

Hob.  Sta.  Barbara,  Pleistocene  formation  (Jewett).  San  Diego, 
on  beach  (Cassidy). 

This  species  comes  nearest  to  T.  sanguinea,  R,ve.,  from  the 
Gulf,  but  differs  in  the  faintness  of  the  sculpture.  Mr.  Cassidy's 
specimens  may  be  washed  fossils,  or  very  poor  recent  shells. 

Bittium  tasperum. 

B.  testa  B.  quadrifilato  forma,  magnitudine,  et  indole  simili,  sed 
sculptura  intensiore  ;  eodem  vertice  nucleoso  abnormali ;  sed,  vice 
filorum,  costulis  spiralibus  costas  spirales  superantibus,  subnodu- 
losis ;  t.  jun.  costulis  ii.  anticis  majoribus,  alteris  minimis  ;  postea 
plerumque  iv.  subsequalibus,  interdum  iii.  interdum  aliis  iiiter- 
calantibus;  sculptura  basali  intensiore;  costis  radiantibus  sub- 
arcuatis. 

?  =  Turbonilla  aspera,  Gabb,  in  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Phila- 
delphia, 1861,  p.  368. 

Hob.  Sta.  Barbara,  fossil  in  Pleistocene  beds;  abundant  (Jewett). 
S.  Pedro,  S.  Diego,  Catalina  Is.  30-40  fms.  (Cooper),  State  Col. 
no.  591  c. 

Mr.  Gabb  informs  me  that  his  Turbonilla  aspera  is  a  Bittium. 
Unfortunately  the  type  is  not  accessible ;  and  as  the  diagnosis 
would  fit  several  closely  allied  species,  it  cannot  be  said  with 
precision  to  which  it  rightfully  applies.  As  this  is  the  com- 
monest of  the  group,  it  is  presumed  that  it  is  the  "  Turbonilla  " 
intended.  Should  the  type,  however,  be  recovered,  and  prove 
distinct,  this  shell  should  take  the  name  of  B.  rugatum,  under 
which  I  wrote  the  diagnosis,  and  which  was  unfortunately 
printed  in  the  Brit.  Assoc.  Report,  p.  539.  The  fossil  specimens 
are  in  much  better  condition  than  the  recent  shells  as  yet  dis- 
covered. 

Bittium  armillatum. 

B.  testa  B.  aspero  simili ;  anfr.  nucl.  ii.  laevibus,  tumentibus,  vertice 

declivi,  celato  ;  dein  anfr.  ix.  normalibus  planatis,  suturis  impressis; 

t.  adolescente  seriebus  nodulorum  tribus  spiralibus  extantibus, 

supra  costas  iustructis ;  costis  radiantibus  circ.  xiii.  fere  parallelis, 

323 


4  Dr.  P.  P.  Carpenter  on  Pleistocene  Fossils 

seriebus,  a  sutnris  separatis,  spiram  ascendentibus ;  t.  adulta, 
costulis  spiralibus,  interdum  iv.,  intercalantibus  ;  costulis  radianti- 
bus  creberrimis;  costis  suturalibus  ii.  validis,  baud  nodosis :  basi 
effusa,  liris  circ.  vi.  ornata;  apertura  subquadrata;  labro  labioque 
tenuibus ;  columella  vix  torsa,  efFusa,  vix  emarginata. 

Hub.  Sta.  Barbara,  Pleistocene,  1  sp.  (Jewett).  S.  Pedro, 
S.  Diego  (Cooper}. 

The  sculpture  resembles  Cerithiopsis ;  but  the  columella  is 
pinched,  not  notched. 

Opalia  (tcrenatoides,  var.)  insculpta. 

O.  testa  O.  crenatoidei  simili ;  sed  costis  radiantibus  pluribus,  xiii.— 
xvi.,  in  spira  validis;  anfr.  ult.  obsoletis ;  sculptura  spirali  nulla; 
punctis  suturalibus  minus  impressis,  circa  fasciam  basalem  Isevem 
postice,  non  antice  continuis. 

Hob.  Sta.  Barbara,  Pleistocene,  1  sp.  (Jewett), 

Very  closely  related  to  O.  crenatoides,  now  living  at  Cape 
St.  Lucas,  and,  with  it,  to  the  Portuguese  O.  crenata.  It  is 
quite  possible  that  the  three  forms  had  a  common  origin. 

Trophon  tenuisculptus. 

T,  testa  T.  Barvicensi  simili,  sed  sculptura  minus  extante ;  vertice 
nucleoso  minimo  ;  anfractibus  uno  et  dimidio  Isevibus,  apice  acuto; 
normalibus  v.,  tumidis,  postice  subangulatis,  suturis  impressis ; 
costis  radiantibus  x.-xiv.,  plerumque  xii.,  baud  varicosis,  angustis, 
obtusis ;  liris  spiralibus  majoribus,  distantibus,  quarum  ii.-iii.  in 
spira  monstrantur,  aliis  intercalantibus,  supra  costas  radiantes 
undatim  transeuntibus ;  tota  superficie  lirulis  incrementi,  supra 
liras  spirales  squamosis,  eleganter  ornata;  canali  longiore,  sub- 
recta,  vix  clausa  ;  labro  acutiore,  postice  et  intus  incrassato,  denti- 
bus  circ.  v.  munito ;  labio  conspicuo,  Isevi ;  columella  torsa. 

Hab.  Sta.  Barbara,  Pleistocene  formation  (Jewett). 

This  very  elegant  shell  is  like  the  least-sculptured  forms  of 
T.  Barvicensis,  from  which  it  appears  to  differ  in  its  extremely 
small  nucleus.  It  is  very  closely  related  to  T.fimbriatulus,  A.  Ad., 
from  Japan,  but  differs  in  texture,  and  is  regarded  by  Mr.  Adams 
as  distinct.  It  stands  on  the  confines  of  the  genus,  there  being 
a  slight  columellar  twist,  as  in  Peristernia. 

Pisania  fortis. 

P.  testa  P.  insiyni  simili,  sed  solidiore ;  crassissima,  sculptnra  valde 
impressa  ;  anfr.  norm,  v.,  parum  rotundatis,  suturis  distinctis ; 
costis  radiantibus  t.  juniore  circ.  xii.,  obtusis,  parum  expressis, 
postea  obsoletis;  liris  spiralibus  validis,  crebris  (quarum  t.  juniore 
v.,  postea  x.,  iu  spira  monstrantur),  subaequalibus,  anticia  major!-* 
324 


from  Sta.  Barbara}  California.  5 

bus ;    canali  recurvata ;    lacuna  umbilical!  magna ;    labro  intus 
crebrilirato  ;  labio  conspicuo,  spiraliter  rugose  lirato. 

Hab.  Sta  Barbara,  Pleistocene  formation  (Jewett). 

Col.  Jewett's  single  specimen  is  in  very  fine  condition,  and  is 
confirmed  by  a  fragment  obtained  by  Mr.  Gabb,  the  palaeonto- 
logist to  the  California  State  Survey.  Although  resembling 
Purpura  aperta  and  congeners  in  the  irregular  rugose  folds  of 
the  labium,  and  Siphonalia  in  the  strongly  bent  canal,  Mr.  H. 
Adams  considers  that  its  affinities  are  closest  with  the  Cantharus 
group  of  Pisania.  That  genus  is  extremely  abundant  in  the 
tropical  fauna,  but  does  not  now  live  in  California.  It  is  the 
only  distinctly  tropical  shell  in  the  whole  collection;  and  its 
presence,  along  with  so  many  boreal  species  and  types,  appears 
somewhat  anomalous,  like  the  appearance  of  Valuta  and  Cassi- 
daria  in  the  Crag  fauna.  It  is  distinguished  from  the  extreme 
forms  of  P.  insignia  by  having  the  spiral  lirse  pretty  equally  dis- 
tributed over  the  early  whorls,  by  the  close  internal  ribbing  of 
the  labrum,  by  the  absence  of  the  stout  posterior  parietal  tooth, 
and  by  the  great  development  of  the  columellar  folds. 

Note. — Unfortunately,  during  the  long  interval  which  has  elapsed 
between  the  transmission  of  the  MS.  and  receipt  of  the  proof,  the 
types  have  been  returned  to  the  owner,  and  (with  the  remainder  of 
Col.  Jewett's  invaluable  collection  of  fossils)  have  become  the  pro- 
perty of  a  college  in  New  York  State.  As  they  are  packed  in  boxes, 
and  at  present  inaccessible,  I  am  unable  to  give  the  measurements ; 
but  the  unique  specimens  were  drawn  on  wood  by  Mr.  Sowerby  for 
the  Smithsonian  Institution.— P.  P.  C.,  Montreal,  Feb.  22,  1866. 

325 


INDEX  OF  SPECIES. 


T.  B.    The  numbers  without  capitals  refer  to  the  foot -paging  in  this  volume  : 
those  with  capitals  to  the  original  works  quoted  in  the  list,  O-X. 


Acanthochites  \ 
Acanthocliiton  ) 

auhates,  72. 

avicula,  98,  136. 

arragouites,  108,  0  252,  0  318, 

P  198. 
Acanthopleura 

Call  to  ni  iea,  135. 

fluxa,  98,  135. 

muscosa,  16. 
Acar 

gradata,  69. 
A  chat  in  a 

Albersi,  P  175,  0  287. 

California,  59. 

conularis,  0  287. 

coronata,  0  295. 

cylindracea,  0  286. 

fusiformis,  0  285. 

Isabellina,  0  286. 

Liebraanni,  0  295. 

octona,  44. 

pulchella,  P  177. 

Sowerbyana,  0  286. 

streptostyla,  0  295. 

tortillana,  0  286. 

turris,  59,  P  175- 

zebra,  P  176. 
Acicula 

turris,  P  175. 
Acila 

insignis,  73. 

castrensis,     88,    91,     98,     130, 
165. 

Lyalli,  130. 


Acirsa 

borealis,  245. 
Esehriuhtii,  310. 
meuesthoides,  104,  217. 
Aclis 

ascaris,  P  438. 

fusiformis,  0  260,  0  335,  P  437. 
lumens,  0  260,  0  335,  P  438. 
Acmaea 

seruginosa,    19,   84,    0    283,    O 

3!9- 
ancylus,  0  174,  0  215,  P  208, 

V  221. 

fancyloides,  19,  0  215. 
Antillarum,  P  203,  0  364. 
Asmi,  19,  23,  136. 
atrata,  27,  104,  152,  213. 
Liradiata,  268 
cantharus,  214. 
cassis,  7,  O  173,  0  178,  0  290, 

0319,0348. 
var.  cinis,  0  233. 
cseca,  19. 

cribraria,  16,  0  211,  0  319. 
diaphana,  0  319. 
digitalis,  7,  136,  0  174,  O  319. 
disoors,  60. 
dorsuosa,  72. 
fascicularis,    108,    268,    0    233, 

0  239,  O  252,  0  319,  0  351, 

0  364,  P  203,  P  206,  P   210, 

P546. 

fimbriata,  0  319. 
iloccata,  268. 

(?floccata,  var.)  filosa,  267. 
(13) 


14 


INDEX    OP    SPECIES. 


Acmaea 

(?floccata,  var.)  subrotunda,  37, 

268. 

gigantea,  O  229,    0  233,  0  297. 
grandis,  0  282,  0  283,  O  297, 

instabilis,  0  212. 

Kochii,  O  229,  O  233. 

var.  limulata,  26,  136,  151. 

livescens,  O  319. 

mamillata,    7,   0    173,   0    199, 

0  215,  V  222. 
marmorea,  0  173,  0  199,  0  215, 

V  222. 

Mazatlandica,  0  319. 

niesoleuca,  16,  24,  27,  104,  197, 
214,  0  208,  0  209,  0  229, 
O  233,  O  239,  0  241,  0  252, 
0  276,  0  283,  O  319,  0  348, 
0  352,  0  366,  P  203,  P  206, 

P    208,    P    210,    P    546. 

mitella,  24, 92,  108,  0236,0319, 
0  252,  O  291,  0  364,  P  210, 

P533. 

mitra,  0  173, 0  177,  0  199,  O  212, 
0  213,  0  215,  V  222. 

monticola,  72. 

var.  monticula,  72. 

mutabilis,  O  239,  O  252,  P  203, 
P  205,  P  206,  P  546. 

Oregona,  1 70, 0  229, 0  233, 0  240. 

paleacea,  0  227,  0  229,  U  204. 

patina,  16,  23,  48,  48,  49,  69,  72, 
92,  104,  136,  170,  214,  0  173, 
0  174,  O  190,  0  198,  0  199, 
O  209,  0  215,  0  219,  0  229, 
0  233,  0  252,  0  290,  0  291, 
0  319,  0  347,  O  348,  0  351, 
0  353,  P203,  P  207,  V  221. 

pelta,  16,  19,  23,  26,  48,  49,  84, 
92,  136,  214,309,0162,0173, 
0  199,  0  223,0  291,0  319, 

V  221. 

persona,  16,  19,  23,  26,  84,  136, 
151,  170,0  174,  0  175,0  199, 
0  229,  0  233,  0  252,  0  291,  i 


Acmaea 

0  348,0  351,0  353,  P  208, 

V  221. 
personoides,   0   215,  0    319,  P 

203. 

pileolus,  0  215,  0  319. 
(?pileolus,  var.)  rosacea,  136. 
pintadiua,  92,  0  229,  0  233. 
radiata,  0    174,  0   215,  P   208, 

V  221. 

rosacea,  100,  136. 
scabra,  13,  23,  26,  84,  136,  151, 

0    199,  0  213,  0  229,  0  233, 

0  252,  0  282,  0  319,  0  349, 

0351,0352,0353,  V222. 

scurra,  0  190,  0  215,  V  222. 
scutum,  19,  170,  0   173,  0   190, 
0  215,  0   219,  P  207,  P  209, 

V  221,  V   222. 

?Sieboldi,  69. 

spectrum,  16,  23,  26,  84,  136, 
151,  0  199,  0  213,  0  229, 
0233,  03i9,  0351,  V  222. 

striata,  0  319,  0  360. 

strigatella,  152,  214,  268. 

strigillata,  104. 

subrotundata,  268. 

tessellata,  0  229,  0  233. 

testudinalis,  92,  0  219,  0  366, 
P  203. 

textilina,  0  213,  0  319. 

var.  textilis,  151. 

toreuma,  0  319,  0  349. 

var.  umbonata,  136. 

vernicosa,  24,  268. 

verriculata,  O  229,  0  233. 

vespertina,  268,  0  319. 

(?vespertiua,   far.)     vernicosa, 

37. 

virginea,  136. 
Acroloxus 

Nuttalli,  161. 
Acrybia 

aperta,  71* 
Actinia 

Candida,  Q  235. 


INDEX   OF   SPECIES. 


15 


Actinocyclus 

Sandiegensis,  94. 
Actinobolus 

borealis,  70. 

ventricosus,  17. 
Ac  us 

luctuosus,  P  387. 
Adamsiella 

Osberti,  44. 
Adeorbis 

abjectus,  188,  190,  0  273. 

scaber,  0  295,  0  322,  P  354. 

Verrauxii,  62. 
Admete 

arctica,  71,  0  329. 

crispa,  0  217. 

viridula,  71,  0  329 
Adrana 

lanceolata,  131. 
Adula 

cirmamomea,  38,  237. 

falcata,  21,  26,  130,  237. 

parasitica,  237. 

soleniforinis,  236. 

stylina,  85,  113,  130,  155,237. 
JEgopsis 

cultellata,  159. 
JEneta 

harpa,  no. 
JBolift 

iodinea,  94,  95. 

Barbarensis,  95. 

opalescens,  94,  95. 

pinnata,  0  313. 
Agaronia 

hiatula,  0    177,  0   366,  P   472, 

P473- 

Steeriae,  0  366. 
testacea,  24,   28,  153,  155,  178, 

0   340,  0   282,  0  366,  P  272, 

P473- 
Aglaia 

fidelis,  157. 

infuinata,  157. 
Akera 

eulcitella,  0  227,  U  203. 


Alaba 

alabastrites,  0   257,   O  327,   P 

368. 
conica,   0   257,   0   327,    P  vi., 

P368. 
laguncula,    0    257,    0    328,    P 

369- 
mutans,  0  257,  0  328,  P  367, 

P  369,  P  370. 

scalata,  0  257,  0  327,  P  368. 
supralirata,    109,    259,   0    257, 

0  327,  0  364,  P  366,  P  367, 

P  369,  P  530. 
terebralis,    109,  0   257,  0   327, 

P367- 

tervaricosa,  0  364. 
violacea,  0  257,  0  327,  P  367. 
Alasmodon 
Alasmodonta 
arcuata,  0  211. 
falcata,  85,  120,  0  210,  0  211, 

0  212,  0  213,  0  234,  0  310. 
margarifera,  var.  0  210. 
Yubaensis,  117,  120. 
Aletes 

centiquadrus,  24,  27,  37,  42,  43, 

108,  194,  0  324,  0  255,  0  275, 

P  301,  P  306. 
fcentiquadrus,  var.    imbricatus, 

42,  0  255,  P  303. 
margaritarum,42,0  255,  0  324, 

P3Q3- 

Peronii,  0  282,  0  324. 
squamigerus,  43,  0  200,  0  233, 

0  324,  0  349,  P  303,  P  304, 

V  226. 
Alora 

Gouldii,  24,  40. 
Alvania 

effusa,  0  257,  0  327,  P  359. 
excurvata,  0  257,  0  327,  P  359, 

P36o. 

filosa,  114,  142,  241. 
inconspicna,  0  327. 
reticulata,  114,  142,  241. 
terebelluin,  0  327. 


16 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Alvania 

tumida,   36,    109,    189,   0    327, 
0  357,  P  359,  P  36o. 

turrita,  0  327. 
Amalia 

columbiana,  159. 
Amaltliea 

effodiens,  R  5. 

Grayana,  P  299,  R  4. 

Panaraensis,  P  297,  R  3. 
Amiantis 

callosa,  22,  26,  39,  106,  126,  151, 

279. 
Amicula 

vestita,  71. 
Amnicola 

Hindsii,  90. 

longinqua,  79,  162,  0  283,  325. 

Nuttalliana,  84,  162. 

protea,  79,  162,  0  283,  0  325. 

seminalis  84. 
Amphidesma  (=Semele) 

bicolor,  203,  0  279. 

Californicum,  O  289. 

corbuloides,  0  222. 

corrugatura,  62. 

decisum,  0  195,  0  228,  V  213. 

ellipticum,  39,  203,  0  279. 

flavesceus,  0  226,  U  199. 

nucleolus,  P  108. 

physoides,  P  105. 

proximum,  39,  62,  203,  0  279, 
0  289,  P  28. 

pulchrum,  203,  0  188,  0  280. 

punctatum,  0  182. 

roseum,  0  195,  0  228,  V  213. 

rubrolineatum,  0  195,  V  212. 

rupium,  0  182. 

striosum,  39,  203,  0  280. 

tortuosum,  203,  0  280. 

venustuin,  P  28. 

ventricosum,  39,  203,  0  280. 
Amphichaena 

Kindermanni,  0  297. 

regularis,  104,  210. 


Amphithalamus 

inclusus,  23,  100,  142,  283. 

lacunatus,  99,  143. 
Ampullaria 

cerasum,  0  291. 

Coluinbiensis,  155,  O  291. 

Cumingii,  0  179,  O  291,  O  326. 

malleata,  0  295,  O  326. 
Amusium 

caurinum,  22,  70,  73,  74,  Si,  131, 

165,  169. 
Amycla 

Californiana,  23,  148. 

clirysalloidea,  99,  148. 

corniculata,  288. 

gausapata,  23,  25,  76,  114,  148, 
149. 

Gouldiana,  53. 

minor,  288. 

tuberosa,  23,  25,  1  14,  148,  288. 

undata,  99,  148. 
Anachis 

albonodosa,  0  263,  0  343,  P5I2. 

atramentaria,  180,  0  361,  0  344. 

auriflna,  112. 

azora,  0  225. 

Californica,  25. 

conspicua,  180,  0  269,  0  344. 

coronata,  25,  112,  151,  155,0  263, 
0  171,0343,  P  508,  P  513. 

costellata,  25,  180,  0  210,  O  225, 
0  263,  0  343,  0  364  P  506, 


?costellata,  var.  0  263. 
(?costellata,  var.)  pachyderma, 

0  263,  P  507. 
costulata,  0  363. 
diminuta,  25,  180,  0  269,  6344. 
fulva,  i  So,  0  263,  0  283,  0  343, 

P5o9. 

flactnata,  25,  59,  61,  180,  O  344. 
fuscostrigata,  105,  221. 
Gaskoinei,20,53,  112,260,0263, 

0343,  P  5i  I- 
graoilis,  180,  0  344. 


INDEX   OP    SPECIES. 


Anachis 

Guatemalensis,  35,  181. 

lentiginosa,  0  344. 

lyrata,  25,  53,  180,  0  344- 

maculosa,  0  263. 

maesta,  181,  0  270,  0  344,  P  509. 

nigricans,  25,  181,  0  344,  0  361, 

P509. 

nigrofusca,  0  263,  0  343,  P  509. 
nucleolus,  0  343. 
pall  Ida,  112,  0  343. 
parva,  0  344. 
fpeuiuillata,  23,  150,  288. 
pygmaea,  25,  35,112,  181,0263, 

0343,  0363,  P  510,  P  511. 
pygmsea,  var.  0  284,  P  510. 
pulchrior,  112. 
rufotincta,  34,  0    263,  0    343, 

P  SIL 

rugosa,  25, 59,  181,  0  283,0  344. 
rugulosa,  0  361,  0  344. 
scalarina,  35,  180,  0  263,  0  343, 

P505- 

serrata,  112,  260,  0  343,  0  263, 
P5o9. 

subturrita,  99,  150. 

terpsichore,  0  364. 

te?selata,  0  270,  0  344. 

tincta,  105,  221. 

tseniuta,  112,  260,  0  343. 

varia,  25,  181,  0  344,  P  507. 
Anatina 

alta,  39,  204,  0  280. 

argentaria,  0  231. 
Anculosus 

Nuttalli,  162. 
Ancylus 

caurinus,  85,  161. 

crassus,  161. 

fragilis,  161. 

Kootaniensis,  90,  161. 

Newberryi,  161. 

Nuttalli,  85. 

patelloides,  120,  161. 
Anellum 

annulatain,  X  442. 
2 


Anellum 

clathratum,  0  256,  0  324,  X  442. 
elegaiitissimura,  X  443. 
?elegantissimum,  var.    Searles- 

Woodii,  X  443. 
elongatum,  0  256,  0  324,  X  442. 

var.  semilseve,  X  442. 

firmatum,  0  256,  0  324,  X  442. 
Floridanum,  X  442. 
gracile,  X  443. 
gurgulio,  X  442. 
?parvum,  0  324. 
pulchellum,  X  442. 
quadratum,  0  256,  0  324,  X  442. 

? var.  couipactuin,  X  442. 

regulare,  X  443. 
subirnpressum,  0    256,  0    324, 

trachea,  X  442. 

? var.  obsoletum,  X  442. 

turn  id  u  in,  X  442. 
undatum,  0  256,  0  324,  X  443. 
Angulus 

ainplectans,  155,  272. 
decumbens,  271. 
Gouldii,  125,  151,  300. 
modestus,  88,  125,  167. 
obtusus,  125,  235. 
tener,  88,  125,  167. 
variegatus,  97,  "3,  125,235. 
Anodon  (=Anodonta) 

angulata,   17,    18,   86,   92,   120, 

164,   0    206,  0    210,  0    212, 

0  297,  0  309. 
anatina,  0  222. 
anserina,  P  117. 
atrovirens,  0  295,  0  309.   ; 
Californiensis,  77. 
cellensis,  0  222. 
cicouia,  0  170,  0  232,  O  227, 

0  309,  0  248,  P  117,  U  202. 
cognata,  17,  91,  0  210,  0   212, 

0  310. 

cornea,  0  295,  0  309. 
feminalis,  17,   86,    120,  0   210, 

0  212,  0  213,  0  309. 


18 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Anodonta 

glauca,  27,   30,   0    170,  0   227, 

0248,0309,?  117,  P  550. 
herculea,  0  222. 
implicata,  P  117. 
Montezuma,  0  265. 
Nicaragua,  0  295,  0  309. 
Nuttalliana,     91,    164,   0     197, 

0  211,  0  309,  V  218. 
Oregonensis,    17,    86,   91,    164, 

0    197,     0   213,    0    309,    V 

218. 

Randalli,  117,  120. 
rotundovata,  117,  120. 
sinuata,  P  117. 
siuuosa,  P  117. 
triangularis,  117. 
triangulata,  120. 
Wahlamatensis,  86,  91,  92,  120, 

164,  0  197,0  309,  V  218. 
Anomala 

Cumingii,  0  287. 
inflata,  0  287. 
insignis,  0  287. 
Anomalocardia 

flexuosa,  0  364,  P  79. 
subimbricata,  23,  27,  38,  43,  55, 

106,  201,  0  170,  0  247,  0  282, 

0  306,  P  79,  P  80. 
subrugosa,  23,  201, 0  229, 0  232, 

0  241,  0  247,  0  282,  0  306, 

O  364,  P  79- 
Anomia 

Adamas,  0  186,  0  312,  0  359. 
ephippium,  0  222. 
fidenas,  0  186,  0  312. 
lampe,  24,  27,  38,  132,  151,  154, 

195,  198,  0  192,  0  208,  0  241, 

0  250,  0   277,  0   281,  0  286, 

0312,  P  167. 
macroschisraa,  85,  0  203,  0  218, 

0  221,  0  222. 

olivacea,  72. 
patelliformis,  0  218. 
Ruffini,  76. 
subcostata,  76,81. 


Anomia 

tenuis,  38,  198,  0  277,  O  312. 
Aplexa 

aurantia,  P  179,  P  180. 

elata,  P  180. 

bypnorum,  P  179. 

Maugerae,  P  180. 

Peruviana,  P  180. 
Aphrodite 

columba,  47. 
Aplysia 

Californica,  95. 
Area 

aequilatera,  0  I. 

alternata,  200,  0  229,  0  277. 

Americana,  0  249,  P  139. 

arata,  75. 

auriculata,  0  277. 

aviculoides,  38,  200,  0  277. 

barbata,  var.  P  140. 

bicolorata,  P  140. 

bifrons,  0  249,  0  310,  P  134. 

Braziliana,  0  289. 

brevifrons,  136,  0  249,  0  310. 

canalis,  80. 

cardiiformis,  0  285, 0  289, 0  310. 

clathrata,  0  249,  P  142,  P  143. 

coucinua,  0  183,  0  229,  0  310. 

congesta,  80. 

deviucta,  0  367. 

Domingensis,  0  249,  P  142. 

donaciformis,  0  249,  P  142. 

emarginata,  200,  0  183,  0  249, 
0  277,  0  310,  P  137. 

formosa,  0  183,  0  234,  0  310. 

fusca,  0  243,  P  140. 

gradata,  200,  0  175,0  229,0278, 
P  141. 

grandis,  23,  85,  153,  200,  260, 
0  i,  0  160,  0  175, 0  183, 
0  208,  0  226,  0  229,  0  234, 
O  249,  0  .278,  0  366,  P  132, 

P  134. 
hemicardium,    0    234,    O    249 

0  278,  P  136. 
Helbingii,  62,  0  278. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


19 


Area 

illota,  var.  0  278. 
imbricata,  0  249,  P  139. 
incongrua,  0  249,  P  134,  P  135. 
labiata,  0    183,  0    249,  0    310, 

0  363,  P  134. 
labiosa,  0  249,  P  134. 
?lurida,  0  226. 
microdonta,  75. 
multicostata,    27,    85,  102,   107, 

130,  260,  0  183,  0  234,  0  249, 

0  310,  P  134,  P  136. 
mutabilis,  200,  P  139. 
nux,  0  229,  0  310. 
Obispoana,  81. 
?ovata,  0  236,  P  538. 
Pacifica,  0  229,  0  282. 
pectiniformis,  10,  0  178,  0  289. 
pernoides,  0  283,  0  351. 
pholadiformis,  38,  200,  0  278. 
pusilla,  P  142. 
quadrilatera,  0  183. 
Reeviana,  62,  200,  0  278,  0  310. 
reversa,    200,    0    234,   0    278, 

O  249,  0  310,  P  136. 
senilis,  31,  0  366,  P  132. 
setigera,  P  140. 
similis,  38,  200,  0   229.  0   249, 

0  278,  P  135. 
solida,  0  226,  0  278. 
squamosa,  P  142. 
,?squamosa,  62.  0  249. 
Tabogensis,  200,  0   249,  0   278, 

P  141. 

trilineata,  80. 

trapezia,  14,  0  202,  0  249,  P  550. 
tuberculosa,    14,    23,    38,    200, 

0    183,  0  202,  0   229,  0   234, 

0  249,  0  278,  0  310,  P  135. 
umbonata,  P  142. 
vespertilio,  0  226. 
Arcopagia 

biplicata,  80,  81. 
lamellata,  97,  125. 
medialis,  80. 
unda,  81. 


Arcturus 

radis,  9. 
Argina 

brevifrons,  31,  154. 
A  rgobuccinum 

cancellatum,  33,  O  338. 

Chemnitzii,  0  338. 

nodosum,    182,    0   261,   0   270, 
0  367,  0  338,  P  454,  V  209. 

Oregonense,  0  338. 

scabrum,  0  338. 
Argonauta 

argo,  99,  112,  150. 

liians,  153. 

var.  papyracea,  112. 
Arianta 

arrosa,  157. 

Ayresiana,  158. 

Bridgesii,  158. 

Californiensis,  158. 

Carpenteri,  158. 

Dupetitliouarsi,  158. 

exarata,  158. 

intercisa,  158. 

levis,  158. 

Mormonum,  158. 

Nickliniana,  157. 

ramentosa,  158. 

redimita,  157. 

reticulata,  158. 

Townsendiana,  157. 

Traskei,  158. 

tudiculata,  157. 
Aricia 

Arabica,  n,  P  374. 

arabicula,  27,  109,  176,  0  258, 
0  328,  P  373,  P  374. 

caput-serpentis,  P  374. 

obvelata,  P  374. 

punctulata,  24,    109,    155,    176, 

0328. 
Arion 

foliatus.  159,  0  313. 

foliolatus,  0  210. 
Artemis 

Dunkeri,  201,0  224,0278^  61. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


Artemis 

gigantea,  60,  0  352. 

Pacifica,  0  278. 

ponderosa,  60,  0  289,  P  60. 

saccata,  201, 0  227, 0  246,  0  278, 
P  62,  S  161,  U  201. 

simplex,  0    186,  0   246,  0   278, 
0  287,  P  61. 

subquadrata,  0  186,  P  62. 

tennis,  0  281. 
?Assiminea 

dubiosa,  0  275. 

subrotundata,  114,  142,  241. 
Astarte 

Banksii,  0  178. 

borealis,  0  219. 

cornpacta,  88,  128,  168. 

coinpressa,  88, 128,  0  223,  P  162. 

corbis,  236. 

corrugata,  0  219,  0  223,  0  306, 

0347- 

crassidens,  0  175,  0  347. 

Danmoniensis,  0  223. 

Esquimalti,  128. 

fluctuata,  97,  128. 

Garensis,  0  221. 

lactea,  20,  71,  72,  0  175,  O  219, 
O  221,  0  347. 

Omalii,  128. 

oniaria,  97. 

orbicularis,  128,  236. 

Scotica,  20,  0  219,  0  221,  0  223. 

semisulcata,  0  219, 0  221, 0  347. 

fstriata,  O  178. 

triangularis,  0  336. 
Asteronotus 

alabastrina,  94. 

sanguinea,  94. 
Asthenothaerus 

villosior,  104,  209. 
?Atys 

casta,  104,  212. 
Aulus 

grandis,  12. 
Auricula 

acuta,  0  275. 


Auricula 

concinna,  0  275. 
infrequens,  0  275. 
Panauiensis,  0  275. 
papillifera,  0  275. 
stagnalis,  0  275. 
Tabogensis,  0  275. 
trilineata,  0  275. 
Autonoe 

rubra,  P  108. 
Avicula 

Atlantica,  O  227,  0  236,  0  249, 

0  364,  P  148,  P  538. 
barbata,  50. 
Cumingii,  50. 
fimbriata,  0  296,  P  550. 
heteroptera,  50. 
libela,  31,  199. 
margaritifera,  0  277,  0  295. 
Peruviana,  107,  153. 
sterna,  24,  50,  199,  O  I,  0  227, 

0   229,  0   233,  0  249,  O  277, 

0364,  P  148,  P  15 1,  U  203. 
Axiiiae  a 

Barbarensis,  80,  82,97, 130,  170. 
insequalis,  154. 
intermedia,  82,  97,  130,  170. 
gigantea,  107. 
multicosta,  154,  155. 
parcipicta,  154. 
pectenoides,  154. 
septentrionalis,   var.     subobso- 

leta,  113,  130,237. 

Bankivia 

varians,  0   253,  0   320,  0   365, 

P  226. 
Barbatia 

alternata,  24,  31,  200,  256. 

aviculoides,  24. 

gradata,   24,   69,   97,    107,   130, 
152. 

illota,  24,  107,  200. 

mutabilis,  155. 

pernoides,  102. 

Reeviana,  27,  107,  200. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


21 


Barbatia 

solida,  24,  27,  107. 

Tabogensis,  31. 

vespertilio,  107. 
Barleeia 

haliotiphila,  142,  312. 

lirata,  109,  0  257,  0  327,  P  552. 

rubra,  32,  P  552. 
1         subtenuis,  32,  109,  142,  155,  313. 

(?subteuuis,  var.)   riinata,  142, 

312. 
Barnea 

Candida,  205. 
Bela 

decussata,  71. 

excurvata,  89,  144,  169. 

fidicula,  17,  144,  169,  0  331. 

harpularia,  71. 

rufa,  71. 

turgida,  73. 

turricula,  70,  144,  0  348. 
Berenecia 

trispinosa,  P  3. 
Bezoardica 

abbreviata,  24,  27,  110,151,  151, 
181. 

inflata,  35. 
Binneya 

notabilis,  95,  157. 
Bithinia 

nuclea,  162,  0  326. 

sirailis,  144,  0  326. 
Bittium 

armillatum,  25,  99, 141,  311,  323. 

asperum,  99,  141,  311,  323. 

attenuatum,  141,  310. 

Escrichtii,  141. 

(?uar.)    esuriens,  23,  114,    141, 
283,  310. 

fastigiatura,  23,  141,  283. 

filosum,    19,    25,    84,    141,   310, 
322. 

nitens,  104,  218. 

plicatum,  141,  311. 

quadrifilatum,  141,  311,  323. 

rugatum,  25,  323. 


Bivonia 

albida,  24,  43,  P  307,  0  255, 
0324. 

compaeta,  114,  140,  239. 

coutorta,  24,  43,  108,  153,0235, 
0  237,  0  255,  0  324,  P  305. 

?contorta,  var.  indeiitata,  P  307, 
0255. 

glomerata,  194,  P  309,  W  316. 

indentata,  43,  0  233. 

Panamensis,  0  324. 

Quoyi,  43. 

subcancellata,  W  315. 

sutilis,  43. 

triquetra,  43. 

var.  typica,  43. 

var.  variegata,  43. 
Bornia 

iuflata,  P  105. 

luticola,  15,0  203. 

semilunum,  P  108. 
Bro china 

glabra,  X  413,  X  414,  X  415, 
X  416,  X  417,  X  418,  X  434, 
X  435,  X  436,  X  436,  X  437, 
X  440,  X  443. 

glabriformis,  X  437,  X  443. 
Brochus 

annulatus.  X  414,  X  423. 

arcuatus,  X  436,  X*  437. 

glaber,  X  436. 

laevis,  X  436. 

reticulatus,  X  423. 

striatus,  X  425. 

trsecbiformis,  X  416,  X  425. 
Bryophila  (=Philobrya) 

setosa,  24,  98,  104,  131,  212. 
Buccinum 

aciculatnm,  P  389. 

angulosntn,  71,  0  177,  0  347. 

Antoni,  0  225. 

aplustre,  4. 

armatnm,  10,  0  177,  0  294. 

biliratum,  0  188,  0  361,  P  515. 

boreale,  0  176,  0  218. 

Boygii,  35. 


INDEX   Of   SPECIES. 


Bucc  inum 

brevidentatum,  10, 0  177,0178. 
cancellatuin,  20,  0  218. 
cinis,  0  188. 
ciiigulatum,  P  458. 
compositum,  4. 

Corornandelianum,  0  188,  P  516. 
corrugatum,  49,   84,  0   342,   0 

211. 

crassum,  179,  0  268. 
cribrarium.  0  181,  P  487. 
crispatuui,  4,  5. 
cyaueum,  0  217. 
decussatum, 

denticulatura,  10,  0  177,  0  178. 
devinctum,  0  367 
dirum,  18,  49. 
distortum,  10,  179,  0  268. 
elegans,  48,  O  285. 
elongatum,  10,  41. 
fossatum,  17,  48,  O  209. 
fusiforme,  0  218. 
gemrnatum,  0  238,  P  515,  P  542. 
gemmulatum,    0    236,    0    238, 

0263,  P  515,  P  536. 
Geversianum,  7. 
gilvum,  0    236,  O    263,  P   508, 

P536 

glaciale,  70,  71,  0  218. 
Grcenlandicum,  0  218. 
hsemastoma,  P  477,  P  517. 
hydrophanum,  0  218. 
insigne,  179,  0  268,  P  514. 
interstriatutn,  77. 
Janelii,  O    204,  0    263,  0    269, 

P5I7- 

lamellosum,  5. 
leicheilosos,  0  177. 
lima,  4. 

liratum,  4,  5,  83. 
lugubre,  179,  0  268. 
luteostoma,0  238,  P  495,  P  542. 
?metu1a,  0  206. 
minus,  0  179. 
modestum,  0  185,  0  270. 
modificatum,  49. 


Bucciuum 

inutabile,  0  204,  0  263,  0  268, 

p's«fc 

nigrocostatum,  0  188. 

nodatum,  10. 

Northise,  0  293, 

iiucleolus,  0  225,  P  535. 

Ochotense,  19,  71,  0  218,  0  221. 

ooides,  19,  0  218. 

ovoides,  0  221. 

ovum,  0  218,  0  223,  0  342. 

pagodus,    179,   0    268,   0    293, 

PS'S- 

Panamense,  0  296. 
parvulum,  0  262,  0  269,  P  487. 
pastinaua,  0  188. 
patulum,  P  474. 
var.  pelagica,  71. 
planaxis,  10,  0  178,  0  268. 
plicatum,  4,  5. 
plumbum,  6. 

polaris,  0  177,  0  218,  0  347. 
Poulsoni,  317,    0    201,  0    342, 

V227. 

prismaticum,  0  225. 

pristis,  179,  0  238,0  268,0  293, 

P542. 

pseudodon,  0  188. 
pulchrum,    0    188,    O    270,    0 

361. 

pusio,  0  293. 
ringens,    179,    0    171,  0  178, 

0  238,  0  269,  P  518. 
roseum,  0  179. 
Rudolphi,  0  178. 
Sabinii,  0  217. 
sanguinolentum,    179,    0    236, 

0269,  P  517,  P  536. 
satururn,  4. 
scabrum,  O  218, 
scalariforme  -f-  vars.  70. 
serratum,   48,    0    238,   0    268, 

0  293,  0  294. 
sericatum,  0  218. 
simplex,  19,  0  218,  0  221. 
Stimpsoni,  73. 


INDEX   OP    SPECIES. 


23 


Buccinum 

.  Stimpsonianum,  73,  179,  0  269. 

striatum,  28. 

strombiforme,  0  178,  P  491. 

subrostratum,  9,  0  176,0  293. 

tectum,  10,  0  178. 

tenebrosum,  0  223. 

tenue,  10,  71,  0  177,  0  347. 

tiarula,  0  262,  P  496. 

tortuosum,  70. 

undatum,    19,    71,    73,   0    217, 
0  221,  0  223. 

undosum,  0  263,  P  515,  P  516. 

undulatutn,  0  217. 

ventricosura,  0  218. 

zebra,  P  176. 
Bulimulus 

artemisia,  158. 

Californicus,  158. 

elatus,  158. 

excelsus,  158. 

inscendens,  158. 

Mexicanus,  158. 

pallidior,  158. 

pilula,  158. 

sufflatns,  158. 

undulatus,  0  288. 

vegetus,  158. 

vesicalis,  158. 

Xantusi,  158. 

Ziegleri,  158. 
Bulimus 

achatinellinus,  0    240,  0    315, 

0359- 

alternans,  0  181. 
alternatus,  0  240,  0  315. 
artemisia,  116. 
Bovinus,  59. 
Californicus,  59. 
calvus,  0    183,  0    240,  0    315, 

0359. 
Chemnitzoides,  0    240,  0    315, 

0359- 

chordatus,  59. 
cornens,  0  183,  315,  0  359. 
Darwinii,  0  286,  0  315,  0  359. 


Bulimus 

discrepans,  44,  0  183,  0  315. 

Dysoni,  44. 

eschariferus,0  188,0240,0315, 

0359- 
excelsus,  27,  116,  0  227,  0  234, 

U203. 

fenestratus,  0  286,  0  290. 
fimbriatus,  O  240,  0  315. 
Gallapaganus,  0  315,  0  359. 
Graneri,  O  286,  0  290. 
Hondnratinus,  44. 
Humboldti,  59,  162. 
incendens,  116. 
incrassatus,  0  315,  359.' 
Jacobi,  0  315,  0    359,  O    183, 

0  1 88. 

Laurentii,  162. 
Liebinanni,  0  295. 
longus,  59. 
Manini,  0  315,  0  359. 
melania,  59. 
melauocheilus,    59,   0    251,    P 

176. 
Mexican  us,  6,  59,  0  170,  O  314, 

P  177. 

Moricandi,  44,  0  286. 
nucula,  0  287,  O  315,  0  359. 
nux,  0  181,  O  240,  0  315,0359. 
obscurus,  O  222. 
pallidior,  27,  116,  0  227,  O  233, 

0314,0351,0352,0203. 
Panamensis,  0  181,  0  315. 
Prazianus,44. 
pilula,  1 1 6. 
princeps,    0    188,    59,   O    251, 

o  314,  P  176. 

proteus,  116. 
punctalissimus,  0  265. 
rudis,  0  290. 
rugiferus,0  183,  0  315. 
rugulosus,  0  1 88,  0  240,  0  315, 

0359- 

Sclnedeanus,  0  265. 
sculpturatus,    0    286,    0    315, 

0359. 


INDEX   OP    SPECIES. 


Bulimus 

seinipellucidus,  44. 
striatus,  162. 
sufflatus,  21,  27,  1 1 6. 
translucens,  0  181,0315. 
undatus,    7,    59,    119,    0    170 

0  251,  P  176. 
unicolor,  0  183,  0  315. 
unifasciatus,  45,  0    183,  0  240 

0  288,  0  315,  0  359. 
ustulatus,  0  183,  0  188,  0  315, 

0359- 
vegetus,    116,    0    227,   0    233. 

11203. 

verrucosus,  0  287, 0  359. 
vesicalis,  21,  116,  0  227,  0  234, 

U  203. 

vexillum,  0  181,  0  315. 
xanthostoma,  0  265. 
Xantusi,  116. 
zebra,  59,  0  251,  0  314,  P  176, 

P54Q. 

Ziegleri,  59,  0  314,  P  177. 
zigzag,  0  251,  P  176. 

Italians 

aurantius,  161. 
elatus,  161. 
hypnorum,  161. 
Bulla 

Adamsi,  24,   31,   37,    107,   194, 

237,  0    282,  0    313,  0    364, 

P  173,  P  540. 
australis,  P  172. 
Califomica,  35. 
calyculata,  0  175. 
cerealis.  0  227,  0  229,  U  203. 
constricta,  U  203. 
crassula,  160. 

oulcitella,  0  227,  0  229,  U  203. 
decussata,  0  179,  0  261,  0  271, 

P454- 

exarata,  0  250,  P  173,  0  313. 
fontiualis,  160. 
fluviatilis,  161. 
var.  fulminosa,  132. 
fusiformis,  U  203. 


Bulla 

gracilis,  0    237,  O   250,  P    171, 

P54Q. 

inculta,  79,  0  227,  U  203. 

iufrequens,  0  237,  0  250,  0  275, 
PI7I. 

jugularis,  77. 

longinqua,  0  284,  0  313. 

luticola,  194,  0  274,  P  170. 

major,  P  172. 

media,  P  172. 

nebulosa,  22,  26,  79,  85, 107,  132, 
151,  153,  0  198,  0  233,  O  234, 
O  237,  0  284,  0  289,  0  813, 
0  352,  0  353,  P  172,  P  540, 

V220. 

?nebulosa,  0  250,  0  296,  P  VI., 

Pi73. 

Panamensis,  0  295,  0  313,  P  172. 
petrosa,  165,  0  367. 
punctata,  194,  0  189,  0  274. 
puncticulata,  194,  0  274. 
punctulata,  31,  37,  194,  0  229, 

0313. 

Quoyii,  5,  24,  100,  107,  132 
0  189,  0  250,  0  313,  0  359, 

P  173. 

rotundata,  U  204. 

rufolabris,  0  189,  0  313,  0  359. 

striata,  5,  0  364. 

ten  ell  a,  85. 

velutina,  0  216. 

vesicula,  79,  0  227, 0  284,  U  204. 

virescens,  48,  79,  0  284,  0  313. 

zebra,  P  176. 
Bullia 

ampullacea,  19,  70,  0  218,  0  221, 
0  223,  0  342,  0  348. 

Perryi,  74. 
Bullina 

eximia,  90. 
Bursa 

bitubercularis,  41. 

fusco-costata,  41. 
?Busycon 

Blakei,  75. 


INDEX    OF   SPECIES. 


25 


Byssoarca 

alternata,  0  310,  P  137. 
Americana,  0  364. 
aviculoides,  0  310. 
divaricata,  0  249,  P  142.' 
?Doiningensis,  0  364. 
fusca,  0  310,  0  249, 0  364,  P  140 
gradata,  0    249,  0    310,  0   364 

0  366,  P  141,  U  203. 
illota,  0    183,   0    249,    0    310, 

P  141,  P  142. 

lactea,  P  141,  P  143,  0  366. 
mutabilis,  24,  10"     200,  0   249, 

o  310,  P  139- 

Pacifica,   24,    107,    153,  0   249, 

0310,  P  138.  P  139,  P  296. 
pernoides,  0  227,  0  310,  U  202. 
pholadiformis,  200,  0278,0  310. 
pusilla,  0  249,  P  142. 
solida,  0  249, 0  3 10,  0  364, 0  366, 

P  142,  P  143,  U  203. 
Tabogensis,  200,  0  278,  0  310, 

P  141. 

tetragona,  0  366,  P  139. 
truncata,  0  183,  0  310,  0  359. 
vespertilio,  0  249,0  310,  P  140. 
Cadium 

dentatum,  0  238. 
ringens,  0  238. 
Caecum :    See  also   under  sections 

Anellum,    Elephantulum, 

and  Fartulum. 
abnormale,  P  316,  X  420. 
anuulatum,  X  417,  X  423. 
bimargiuatum,  X  421,  X  440. 
Clarkii,  X  443. 
clathratum,  39,  P  322,  X  428. 
var.  compactum,  0  256,  P  322. 
Cooperi,  98,  141. 
corrugnlatura,  X  433,  P  327. 
crebricinctum,  98,  141. 
diminutum,    186,  O    4,  0    166, 

0  256,  0  272,  P  321,  X  427. 
dextroversum,  P  328,  X  433. 
(dextroversum,    var.)    Antilla- 

rum,  X  433- 


Caecum 

eburneum,    186,   0   4,   0    166, 

0  272,  X  427. 

elegantissimum,  X  429,  X  430. 
(elegantissimum,  var.)  Searles- 

Woodii,  X  430. 
elongatum,  P  320,  X  424. 
elongatum,  var.  semilaeve,  X  429. 
farcimen,  X  431. 
firmatum,  186,  0  4, 0  166,  0  256, 

0  272,  0  357,  P  319,  P  320, 

P  321,  P  324,  P  326,  X  427. 
firmatum,  var.,  0  272,  273. 
Floridanum,  X  428,  X  429. 
glabriforme,  0   366,   P   327,   P 

328. 
glabrum,  0  366,  P  313,  P  314, 

P  327,  X  413,  X  426,  X  432, 

X436. 

gracile,  X  429.! 
gurgulio,  X  426. 
heptagonum,  P  319,  X  422. 
imbricatum,  X  422. 
imperforatum,  P    321,  X    413, 

X425. 

incurvatum,  X  434,  X  436.^ 
insculptum,  P  315,  X  420. 
Iseve,  155,  1 86,  0    272,  P    314, 

P  325,  P  326,  X  431- 
laqueatum,  186,  0    272,  P   315, 

P  328,  X  420. 
liratocinctum,  155,  P  315,  P3i6, 

P31?,  P3I9,  X  421. 
liratum,  X  421. 
mamillatum,    X    427,    X    434, 

X436. 
mamillatum,  var.  subulatum,  X 

434- 

mammillum,  X  434. 
monstrosum,  0  4,  0  166,  0  256, 

0272,  P  313,  P  321,  X  427. 
nitidum,  X  439. 
obtusum,  P  317,  X  421. 
parvum,     186,    0    256,   0   273, 

P323- 
plicatum,  X  421. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


Caecum 

pollicare,  X  429,  X  432. 
pulcliellum,  P  312,  P  313,  X  415, 

X424- 
pygmoeum,    186,  040    166, 

0  256,  0  273,  P  321,  X  427 
quadratum,  X  428. 
regulare,  X  417,  X  423,  X  428. 
reversum,  P  329,  X  434. 
Searles-Woodii,  X  430. 
tvar.  semilseve,  39,0  256,  P  319. 
var.  subconicum,  0  256. 
subimpressum,     108,     P     320, 

P  322,  X  424- 

subspirale,  P  315,  P  316,  X  419. 
subquadratum,  39,  X  433. 
var.  tenuiliratum,  0  256. 
teres,  P  329,  X  434,  X  440. 
trachea,  P  313,  X  413,  X  414, 

X  415,  X  416,  X  417,  X  418, 

P  424,  X  425,  X  426,  X  427, 

X4-9. 
(?trachea,      var.)       obsoletum, 

X426. 

tumiduin,  X  426. 
undatum,  36,  186,  0  4,  0  272, 

0357,  P   3H,  P   321,  P  323, 

P  325,  P  326,  x  429,  x  430, 

X43L 

vitreuua,  X  429,  X  432. 

(?vitreum,  var.)  Clarkii,  X  433. 
Calcar 

erythrophthalmus,  0  296,  P  227. 

olivaceus,  0  238,  P  541. 

Melchersi,  0  238,  P  227,  P  541. 

stellaris,  0  238,  P  541. 
Calliostoma 

(?lima,  var.)    aequisculpta,   154, 
272. 

annulatum,  13,  27,  138. 

Antonii,  36,  191. 

canaliculatum,  6,    13,    23,    27, 
"3,  J38. 

castaneum,  3. 

costatum,  13,  19,  23,  25,27,  138. 

dolarium,  13,  138. 


Calliostoma 

exiinium,  40,  io8,  272. 

filosum,  3,  13,  138. 

gernmulatum,  98,  139. 

imbricatum,  196. 

Leanum,  24,  32,  40,  154,  191. 

ligatum,  3. 

lima,  24,  53,  154,  272. 

M'Andreae,  32,  36,  40. 

modestum,  3. 

splendens,  98,  139. 

supragranosum,  98,  139. 

variegatum,  89,  138. 

versicolor,  152,  272. 

virgineum,  138. 
Callista 

affinis,  30. 

alternata,  30,  106. 

anrantia,  23,  106,  201. 

callosa,  39,  57. 

chionsea,  23, 27,  57, 106, 151, 201. 

circinata,  23,  30,  154. 

concinna,  27,  30,  201. 

consangninea,  201. 

Dione,  57. 

lapinaria,  6,  23,  57. 

pannosa,  91,  170. 

(?pannosa>  var.)  puella,  23,  58, 
104,  170,  211. 

petechialis,  30. 

pollicaris,  58,  104,  210.    ; 

prora,  var.  104. 

rosea,  23,  57,  58. 

semilamellosa,  153,  154. 

spinosissima,  154. 

tortuosa,  23,  30. 

vnlnerata,  151. 
Callochiton 

Elenensis,  198. 

iuterstinctus,  0317,  0  348. 

pulclielius,  198,  267,  0  317. 
Callopoma 

fluctuatum,  153,  0  253,  0  348, 
P  223,  Q  234. 

(?fluctuatum,  var.)  depressum, 
41,  0  253,  0  288,  P  223,  Q  234. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


27 


Callopoma 

fluctuosuxn,    27,    192,    0    224, 

0  253,  0  320,  P  223,  P  224. 
Fokkesii,  31,  108,  151,  0  320. 
phasianella,  0  320  [vide  550]. 
saxosutn,  24,  192,  0  282,  0  288, 

0  320. 

tessellatum,  31,  151,  192. 
Calypeopsis 

auriculata,  0  3,  P  290. 
Byronensis,  0  3. 
hispida,  0  3,  0  275,  P  290. 
imbricata,  P  287. 
lignaria,  0  3,  0  184,  P  290. 
raaculata,  0  3,  P  290. 
quinquina,  0  3,  0  190,  P  291. 
rugosa,  0  3,  0  190,  P  287,  P  291. 
serrata,  0  184. 
tenuis,  0  3,  0  184,  P  290. 
tubifera,  61. 
Calyptraea 

aberrans,  37,  195. 

Adolphei,  0  172. 

alveolata,  51. 

ainygdalus,  0  204,  0  254,  P  278. 

Araucana,  P  265. 

arenata,  0  184. 

aspersa,  37,  195- 

auricularis,  P  287,  P  289. 

auriculata,  0  190,  P  287,  P  290, 

P  292. 

Byronensis,  0  255,  P  291. 
cepacea,  37,  195,  0  235,  0  239, 

0  255,  0  275,  0  323,  P  295, 

P546. 
cinerea,  48. 
conica,  37,   195,  0  239,  0  275, 

P  265,  P  266,  P  545^ 
coruea,  P  295. 
corrugata,  52,  0  184,  0  323. 
dentata,     195,    0    236,  0    255, 

0  275,  P  287,  P  538. 
dilatata,  P  265. 
dor.sata,  P  273. 
echinus,  0  2,  P  268. 
equestris,  P  295. 


Calyptraea 

excavata,  0  184,  P  274. 
?extiuctorum,    47,  0  3,  0    174, 

0  236,  P  267,  P  287. 
fastigiata,  0  209. 
foliacea,  P  272. 
gemmacea,  0  204,  P  288. 
hispida,  79,  195,  0  255,  0  275, 

0  283,  0  284,  P  290,  P  291. 
hystrix,  0  2,  P  268. 
iinbrieata,  47,  48,  195,  0    184, 

0  190,  0  236,  0  275,  P  287, 

P  288,  P  291,  P  292,  P   538 

P  551,  T  169. 
?imbricata,      var.       Broderipii, 

P  292. 
??imbricata,      var.      Cumingii, 

P  287,  P  292. 
incurva,  P  276. 
intermedia,  P  292. 
laevigata,  P  267. 
Lamarckii,  0  236,  O  239,  0  254, 

P  266,  P  538,  P  545. 
Lessonii,  0  2,  P  280. 
lichen,  0  254,  P  265. 
lignaria,  0    184,  0  190,  0  255, 

P  290,  P  291,  P  292. 
lorica,  P  292. 
inaculata,  195,  0    255,  0    275, 

P  290,  P  291,  T  167. 
mamillaris,  0  190,  0  230,  P  266, 

P  267,  P  292. 
marginalis,  0  184. 
perforans,  0  204,  O  255,  P  281. 
peziza,  0  255. 
pileiformis,  0  212. 
pileolus,  P  292. 
planulata,     37,      195,    0    275, 

0  318- 
quiriquina,  0  190,  0  255,  P  291, 

P  292. 

radians,  P  264,  P  265. 
radiata,  195,  P  275,  P  291. 
regularis,  195,    0    230,  0    233, 

0  254,  0  276,  P  266. 
rudis,  0  184,  P  292,  P  295. 


28 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


Calyptraea 

rugosa,  48,  0  3,  0   190,  0  204 

0  236,  0  255,  0  275,  P  287 

P  290,  P  291,  P  292. 
serrata,  0  184. 
sordida,  P  267. 
spinosa,  47,  48,  0    174,  0   239, 

O   352,  P   290,  P  291,  P   292, 

P546. 

squarna,  O  2,  O  184,  P  280. 
striata,  U  205. 
strigata,  P  272. 
tenuis,  0    184,    6   255,   P   290, 

P  291,  P  292. 
tortilis,  51. 
trigonalis,  0  224. 
trochiformis,  0  190,  P  265. 
tubifera,   0   3,   0    204,   0   255, 

P  290,  P  292. 
umbrella,    195,    0   276,   P  290, 

P  292. 

unguis,  37,  196,  0  276,  P  267. 
varia,    0    184,   0   323,   0    360, 

P295. 

Campylaea 

sportella,  157. 
Cancellaria 

acuminata,  0  181,  0  329. 
affinis,  35,  183,  O  271. 
albida,  0  206,  0  329. 
arctica,  0  223. 
bicolor,  P  381. 
bifasciata,  0  265,  0  329. 
brevis,   0   230,   0   294,  0   329, 

P  380,  P  381. 
buccinoides,   O    181,  0   217,  0 

329. 

bnlbulus.  24,  0  181,  0  329. 
bullata,  0  181. 
Candida,  27,  0  235,  0  329. 
cassidiformis,  27,  0  181,  O  235, 

0  238,  0  329,  0  352,  P  543. 
chrysostoma,    0    181,    0     294, 

O  329,  0  360. 
clavatula,  24, 0  181,0230,0271, 

0329. 


Cancellaria 

corrugata,  0  206. 
costata,  P  380. 
costellifera,  0217. 
Couthouyi,  0  217. 
crenata,  0  206,  0  329. 
decussata,   24,   0    181,  0    271, 

0329- 

elata,  0  206,  0  329. 
funicnlata,  51,  0  206,  0  329. 
gemmnlata,  0  181,  0  329. 
goniostoma,  24,  27,  36,  152, 183, 

0  181,  0  233,  0  235,  O  238, 

0  258,  0  271,  0  294,  0  329, 

P  380,  P  381,  P  435,  P  543- 
haemastoma,  0  i8i,0  329,0360. 
indeutata,  0  181,  0  206,  0  329. 
lyrata,  51. 

mitriformis,  24,  0  271,  0  329. 
modesta,  114,  146,  245. 
obesa,  27,  0  181,  0  235,  0  352, 

0  329,  P  380. 
oblonga,  0  265. 
ovata,  P  380,  P  543. 
pulchra,  0  271. 

pygmsea,  36,  183,  0  271,  0  329. 
reticulata,  61,  0  192. 
rigida,  P  381. 
solida,  27,  0  181,  0  235,  0  271, 

0  329,  0  352. 

teesellata,  24,  0  271,  0  329. 
uniplicata,  0  182,  0  271,  0  329. 
urceolata,  35,    152,  183,  206,  0 

192,  0    238,  0    258,  0   329,  P 

380. 

ventricosa,  0  206,  0  329. 
viridula,  0  217. 
Cantharus 

gemmatus,  P  516. 
ringens,  518. 
sanguinolentus,  P  517. 
Capsa 

altior,  202,  0  182,  0  279. 
Braziliensis,  0  364. 
deflorata,  63. 
laevigata,  0  364,  P  42. 


INDEX   OF   SPECIES. 


Capulus 

militaris,  P  300. 
mitrula,  P  297,  R  3. 
subrufus,  R  4. 
Cardita 

affinis,  201,  0  182,  0  229,0  232, 
O  234,  0  236,  0  247,  0  278, 
0  282,  0  297,  0  306,  P  84, 

P  85,  P  539- 
arcella,  14. 
borealis,  9,  70,  0   210,  0   219, 

O  221,  0  223. 
Californica,  0  232,  0  234,  0  236, 

0  287,  0  352,  P  84. 
corbis,  128. 
crassa,  0  178,0  306. 
Cuvieri,   10,  0    181,  0   208,   0 

306. 
laticostata,  201,  0   182,  0   278, 

03o6. 

incrassata,  0  287,  0  306,  0  359. 
Miehelini,  10,  14. 
modulosa,  14,  0  278. 
monilicosta,  118. 
nodulosa,  0  278. 
occidental  is,  17,  80. 
planicosta,  75. 
radiata,  201,  0   182,  0  278,  O 

306. 

spurca,  0  221. 
subtenta,  17,  165,  0  367. 
turgida,  14. 

varia,  0  181,  0  306,  0  359. 
variegata,  128,  280. 
ventricosa,    17,   80,   91,  0   209, 

0  210,  0  213,  0  306. 
volucris,  0  229. 
Cardium 

aculeatum,  154,  0  285. 
alabastrura,  0  247,  0  307,  P  94, 

P53i- 

arenatum,  P  93. 
asperum,  0  364. 
Belcheri,  0  175,  0  297,  0  307. 
biangulatum,  27,  0  175,  0  187, 

0  229,  0  307. 


Cardium   , 

blaiidum,  14,  17,  49,  70,  91,  128, 

0   210,  0   212,  0   213,  0  307, 

0348. 

boreal e,  0  175. 
bullatum,  0  364. 
Californianum,    13,    14,   17,  49, 

119,   0    197,    0    203,   0   212, 

0  213,  0  219,  V  217. 
Californiense,  14,  17,  70,  91,  128, 

0    197,  0   203,  0  219,  0  221, 

0    223,  0   232,  O   234,  0  28$ 

o  307,  o  347. 

carneosum,  P  40. 

centifilosum,  97,  128. 

consors,  23,  27,  106,  153,  0  187, 

0  234,  0  282,  0  307,  0  364. 
corbis,  5,  13,  17,  91,  128. 
costatum,  45,  P  95. 
cruentatum,     21,    78,    0     227, 

0  284,  0  307,  0352,  U20I. 
Cumingii,  0  183,  0  307. 
Dionseum,  0  175. 
discors,  60. 
elatum,  153,0  232,0247,  0307, 

O   35i,  0   352,0   364,  P   91, 

V2i8. 

Elenense,  P  91,  U  201. 
Gabbii,  119. 
gemmatum,  0  229.  . 
graniferum,    25,   30,    154,    201, 

322,0175,0187,0229,0248, 

0  278,  0  307,  P  85,  P  95. 
Grcsnlandicum,  47,  70. 
Icelandicum,  0  210. 
Indicum,  45.  0  288. 
Laperousii,  14,  0  203,  0  307. 
laticostatum,  O  247,  P  92. 
linteura,  75. 
lucinoides,  0  248,  P  96. 
luteolabrum,  13,  21,  128,  0  197, 

0  227,  0  307,  0  351,  U  201. 
roacnlatum,  45,  0  282,  0  285. 
maculosum;  45,  0  229,  0  285, 

0  307. 
magnificum,  0  187. 


30 


INDEX    OP   SPECIES. 


Cardium 

modestum,  75,  97,  128. 
Mortoni,  U  201,  V  218. 
muricatum,  0  175,  0  236, 0  247, 

0  364,  P  93,  P  539- 
Nicolleti,  75. 
Nuttallianum,  0  192. 
Nuttallii,  4,   13,   14,  26,  71,  86, 

0   197,  0  203,  0  213,  O  219, 

0  223,  0  232,  0  241,  0  284, 

0307,  0347,  0351,  V  217. 
obovale,  23,  201,  0  229,  0  278, 

0307. 
Panamense,  0  178,  0  183,  0232, 

0  234,  0  307,  P  92 
planicostatum,  38,  201,  0   183, 

0  278,  0  307. 
procerum,  14,  23,  106,  152  153, 

201,   0    178,  0    183,  0    236, 

O   247,  0   278,  O   307,  P   91, 

P  92,  P  539- 
pseudofossile,  14,  17,  49,70,  128, 

0  247,  P  94. 

punctulatum,  0  247,  P  93. 
quadragenarium,  13,21,86,  128, 

0  197,  0307,  V2I7. 
radula,  0  175,  0  236. 
rash-urn,  0  247,  O  278,  P  93. 
rotundatum,  0  247,  0  307,  P  531. 
senticosum,  23,  106,  201,  0  247, 

0  278,  0  307,  P  93. 
serraturn,  0  364. 
subelongatum,  14. 
substriatum,  78,  0  197,  0  232, 

O  307,  0  351,  U  201,  V  218. 
triangulatum,  0  247,  P  94. 
xanthocheilum,  128,  O    197,   O 

227,  0  232,  U  201. 
Carinea 

emarginata,  24,  176. 
gibbosa,  176. 
Carinifex 

Newbenyi,  161. 
Carocolla 

Ilaydiana,  0  265. 
labyriuthus,  0  165. 


Carocolla 

quadridentata,  0  180. 

uncigera,  0  290. 
Cassidaria 

setosa,  0  261    0  367,  P  455. 
Cassidulus 

patulus,  P  501. 
Cassis 

abbreviata,  35, 181, 0  238, 0  270, 
0   292,  0   297,  0  337,  0  364, 

P  543- 

centiquadrata,  0  171,  0  292. 
coarctata,   181,    0    171,   0    174, 
0   188,  0   234,  0  235,  0  238, 
0   243,  0  270,  0  282,  0  294, 
0  337,  0  350,  0  352,  0  360 
0  364,  P  543- 
corrugata,  7. 
doliata,  0  171,  0  292. 
granosa,  0  238. 

inflata,  181, 0  238, 0  364,  P  543. 
lactea,  0  270,  0  292. 
Massenae,  10,  0  188. 
ringens,  7,  O  174,  0  238. 
tennis,  0  188,  0337,  0  360. 
testiculus,  0  171,  0  364. 
Castra 

Turcica,  48. 
Cavolina 

crassicornis,  0  173. 
subrosacea,  0  173. 
telemus,  98,  107,  132. 
Cellepora 

areolata,  34,  256. 
cyclostotna,  0  244,  0  298,  P  5. 
papillaeforinis,  0  244,  0  298,  P  5. 
Cerithium 

adustum,  0  189,  0  256,  0  272, 
O   293,  0   325,  0  366,  P  333, 

P334- 
alboliratum,  24,  0  256,  0  325, 

P336. 
assimillatum,  0  272,  0  289, 

P445- 

bimarginatum,  185,  O  272. 
Californianum,  0  212. 


INDEX  OF   SPECIES. 


31 


Cerithium 

corallium,  0  170. 
•fainelicum,    36,     185,    0     256, 

0  272,  0  282,  P  334,  P  335. 
filosum,  17,  185,  0  209,  0  212, 

0295. 

fragraria,  7,  0  170. 
Gallapaginis,  32,  63,  185,  0  189, 

0  256,  0  272,  0  325,  P  338. 
gemmatum,  0  272,  P  339. 
granosum,  7,  0  170. 
Guiiiaicum,  P  333. 
Hegewischii,  0  295,  P  345. 
interruptum,  24,  32,  36,  45,  63, 

108,  155,  185,  0  189,  0  226, 

0   238,  0  256,  0  272,  0  325, 

0  360,  P  337,  P  338,  P  542. 
iostoina,  P  345. 
irroratum,  17,  32,   36,  45,   185, 

0   189,  0  209,  0  256,  0  272, 

0  283,  0  325,  P  337. 
Largillierti,  P  343. 
lima,  0  170,  0  222. 
literatum,  0  170. 
maculosum,  7,  24,  27,  108,  185, 

0   189,  0  230,  0  238,  0  256, 

0  272,  0  282,  0  293,  0  325, 

0  360,  0  366,  P  333,  P  339, 

P  340,  P  542. 
mediale,  0  367. 
var.  mediolaeve,  24,  35, 108,  185, 

°  256,  P  334. 
Menkei,  P  338. 
Montagnei,  0  190,  0  239,  P  342, 

P  343,  R  345,  P542. 
musicum,  7,  0  170,  0  171, 

0  256,  0  325,  P  335. 
nebulosuin,  0  189,0  256,  0325, 

P333- 

neglecturn,  185,  0  272. 
obesum,  17,  32,  185. 
ocellatum,  45,  0    189,   0   236, 

0  238,  0  256,  0  296,  0   325, 

O  366,  P  337,  P  536,  P  542. 
Pacificum,  48,  185,  0  170, 0  272, 

0325. 


Cerithium 

pauperculum,  186,  0  272. 
Peruvianuin,  P  442. 
pulchruin,   186,   0    256,  0   272, 

P343- 
Reevianum,  186,  0  256,  0  272, 

P343- 

reticulatum,  6. 

sacratum,  0  209,  TJ  206,  V  226. 
stercusmuscarum,    17,    27,    32, 

36,    108,    152,    0    170,  0  209, 

0  233,  0  236,  0  238,  0  256, 

0    272,  0  282,  0  325,  0  360, 

0  366,  P  337,  P  339- 
terebelluin,  0  289. 
trilineatum,  0  289. 
umbonatum,  0  256,  P  335. 
uncinatuin,    24,    63,    108,    151, 

185,   0   256,    0   272,   0    285, 

0  325,  0  364,  P  334,  P  335- 
validum,    186,   0    163,   0   257, 

0  272,  P  344. 
varicosum,    7,  48,  0  170,  0  189, 

0  190,  P  343,  P  344- 
vulgatum,  0  170- 
Cerithidea 

alboiiodosa,    153,    186,  0    228, 

0283,0325,0351,0205. 
Californica,  141. 
fuscata,   79,    0  228,  0    233,   P 

345- 

Lavalleana,  0  364. 
Mazatlanica,     108,     141,      186, 

0  233.      ' 
Montagnei,   24,    27,     151,    186, 

0  230,  0  256,  0  272,  0  325, 

P  342,  P  343- 
pulchra,  0  325. 

pullata,  141,  151,  0  325/0  351. 
Reeviana,  0  325. 
sacrata,  23,  79,  141, 0  200, 0  228, 

0  230,  0  233,0  325,  0  351, 

P  345,  U  206,  V  226. 
(?sacrata,  uar.),  fuscata,  U  206. 
solida,  0  230. 
valida,  0  230,  0  325. 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Cerithidea 

varicosa,  7,  24,  186,  208,  0  170 
0   190,  0  230,  0  233,  0  272 
0  295,  O  325,  0  364. 
?varicosa,      var.      Mazatlanica 

0  257,  P  344,  U  206. 
Cerithiopsis 

assiinilata,   99,    no,    146,    155 
274,   0    260,   0   335,   0   364 

P445- 

bimargiuata,  274,  0  335. 
cerea,   0    260,   0   335,   P    443: 

P445- 

columua,  99,  114,  146,  245. 
convexa,  0  260,  0  335,  P  44. 
decussata,  O  260,  0  335,  P  445. 
fflosa,  0  335,  0  348. 
fortior,  23,  146,  287. 
intercalaris,  274. 
munita,  1 14,  146,  245. 
neglecta,  185,  0  336. 
paupercula,  0  336. 
pupiformis,  0  260,  0  335,  P  443. 
purpurea,  23,  146,  287. 
sorex,  0  260,  P  335,  P  444. 
terebella,  0  364,  P  445. 
trilineata,  P  445. 
tubercularis,  169,  186,  0  366. 
Ttuberculata,   23,    114,    146,    P 

442. 
tuberculoides,  32, 36,  1 10,  0  260, 

0  335,  0  366,  P  442,  P  443- 
?tuberculoides,  var.  albonodosa, 

O  260,  P  443. 
Cereus 

conglomerates,  4. 
Cerostoma 

var.  Burnettii;  72. 

foliatum,    13,  48,  72,   149,  169, 

0345- 

monoceros,  13,  149,  151,  152. 
monodon,  83,  149,  0  345. 
Nuttallii,    13,    27,    149,   0   201, 

0  345,  0  349,  V  229. 
Chama 

Broderipii,  P  89. 


Chama 

Buddiana,  26,  30,  38,  106,  200, 
247,  0  277,  0  307,  P  89. 

chionsea,  178. 

corrugata,  27,  38,  154,  0  184, 
0  277,  0  307. 

crassicostata,  10. 

Delessertii,  P  549. 

echiuata,  9,  30,  38,  106,  200, 
0  178,  0  184,  0  234,  0  247, 
0  277,  0  307,  P  87,  P  549. 

exogyra,  u,  71,  106,  127,0  232, 
0  247,  0  307,  0  349,  0  351, 
0  352,  0  353,  P  90,  V  217. 

frondosa,  9,  23,  106,  152,  0  178, 
O  197,  0  -232,  0  282,  0  306, 

P  87,  P  549- 
(?frondosa,  var.)  fornicata,  38, 

200,  0  247,  0  277,  P  89. 
frondosa,   var.    Mexicana,   200, 

0  178,  0   197,  O  247,  0  307, 

0   352,  0   353,  0   364,  P  87, 

P  89,  P  548,  V  217. 
imbricata,  63,  0  184,  0  307. 
Janus,  0  1 86,  0  307,  0  359. 
lobata,  11,  71. 
Mexicana,  30,  38,  0  232. 
Panameusis,  0    186,   0   307,  P 

90. 
pellucida,  22,  127,  170,  0  197, 

0  232,  0307,0351,  V  217. 
producta,  27,  0  184,  0  307. 
rugosa,  0  234. 
spinosa,   23,  27,    97,    106,    128, 

0  208,  0  247,  0  307,  0  359, 

P  89,  P  90. 
squalida,  0  178. 
venosa,  0  232. 
Chelyconus 

puncticulatus,  P  404. 
purpurascens,  P  402. 
regal  itatis,  P  403. 
Chelysoma 

MacLeayanum,  0  176 
Chemnitzia 

Adamsii,  36,  no. 


INDEX   OP    SPECIES. 


33 


Chemnitzia 

aculeus,  187,  iSS,  0  260,  0  273, 
'  O  335,  P  427,  P  428. 
acuminata,  36,  1^7,  0  273. 
affiuis,  33,  36,  l87,O  260,0  273, 

0  335,  P  429- 
fvar.    aurautia,    23,     89,     145, 

315. 

bicarinata,  T  171. 
bittiformis,  T  171. 
caelata,  24,  294. 
cancellata,  0  260. 
C.-B.-  Adamsii,  0  260,  0    335, 

P427. 

chocolata,  99,  145,  316. 
clatliratula,   36,    187,  0  273,  P 

424. 
comnmnis,  36,  187,  190,  0  273, 

P4i9,  T  170. 
crebrifilata,  23,  285. 
Curaingii,  T  170. 
flavescens,   no,  0   260,  0   334, 

P  432. 

gibbosa,  0  260,  0  334,  P  430. 
gracillima,  36,  188,  0  260,  0334, 

P43I- 
gracilior,    187,   0    273,   O   335, 

P  431,  P  432. 
intermedia,  0  260. 
major,  36,  187,  0  273,  0  335. 
marginata,  187,  0  273. 
nmricata,  0  260,  0  334,  P  428. 
Panamensis,  33,  36,    no,    187. 

188,   0    260,   0    273,  0   335, 

P427- 

paucilirata,  0  260. 
polyzonata,  T  170. 
prolongata,  no,  0  260,  0  334, 

P429- 

reticulata,  P  433. 
rubrofusca,  T  171. 
scalaris,  P  414. 
similis,  33,  36,  i88,0  260,0273, 

0  335,  P  428. 
striosa,  188,  0  273,  0  335. 
fvar.  stylina,  23,  145. 
3 


Chemnitzia 

subangulata,  0  260. 
tenuicula,  23,  145,  0  228,  0  230, 

O  334,  0  349,  U  207. 
(?tenuicula,  var.)  subcuspidata, 

99,  145- 
tenuilirata,   154,  0  260,  0  334, 

P.433- 

terebralis,  0  260,  0  334,  P  432. 
torquata,    23,   89,  90,   145,  286, 

0   228,  0   230,  O   334,  0  349, 

U  207. 

(?torquata,  var.)  stylina,  286. 
tridentata,  23,  89,  145,  315,  316. 
turrita,    36,    188,    190,    O    273, 

0335,  P  429,  T  171. 
undata,   33,    36,     187,    0    26of 

0334,  P431,  P432- 
unifasciata,  0  260,  0  335,  P  433. 
Vancouverensis,  90,  145. 
virgo,  23,  145,  286,  294. 
Chione 

amatlmsia,  23,  27, 152,  154,  201, 

0  236,0  247,  P  71,  P  72,P8o. 
astartoides,  39. 
badia,  58. 
var.  bilineata,  106. 
Californiensis,    7,    127,    152,   O 

197,  V  216. 
callosa,  13,  39,  127,  152,  0  197, 

0  281,  V  216. 
cancellata,  13,  127. 
Columbiensis,  0  247,  P  75. 
crenifera,  201,  0  247,  P  74. 
discors,  P  77. 
distans,  0  247,  P  74. 
excavata,  13,  127,0  197,  V  216. 
fluctifraga,    22,    39,    127,    152, 

'S3- 

gnidia,  27,  151,  152, 0  247,  P  71, 

P72,  V2I5. 
gnidia,  var.  P  72. 
grata,  P  77. 

histrionica,  0  247,  P  77. 
var.  lilacina,  106. 
Lordi,  91. 


34 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Chione 

lupanaria,  P  67. 

neglecta,   23,   106,   151,    0  192, 

O  203. 
Nuttalli,  127,  0  197,  V  216. 

var.O  281. 

pulicaria,  var.  27,  106,  153. 

ruderata,  O  192. 

simillima,   13,  22,    127,    151,  0 

197,  V  216. 
squalida,  P  64. 
straminea,  V  215. 
succincta,  13,  22,  25,  26,  27,  40, 

127,  151,  152,  154,  322. 
sugillata,  23,  38. 
undatella,  106,  P  75. 
Chiorasra 

leoniua,  95,  0  210, 0  213,  0  313. 
Cbironia 

Laperousii,  0  202,  O  203. 
Chiton 

achates,  72.     . 

acutus,  13,  0  198,  0  318,  Q  232, 

V  221. 

albolineatus,  0  175, 0  290,  P  191. 
albus,  71,  72. 

amiculatus,  19,  0  214,  0  223. 
armatus,  0  198. 
articulatus,  0  178,  0  233,0  290, 

P  190,  Q  232. 
Blainvillei,  72,  0  233. 
Brandtii,   19,  0   215,  0  219,  0 

223. 
Californicus,  13,  0   198,  0  229, 

0318. 

chlarays,  0  214. 
clatkratns,  267,  0  276,  0  318. 
Collei.  0  229. 

Columbiensis,  0  181,  0  318. 
concinnus,  72. 
consimilis,    13,   O    198,   0   297, 

03i8. 

crenulatus,0  187. 
Cumingii,  0  180. 
dentiens,   16,  92,  0  209,  0  318, 

0348. 


Chiton 

dispar,  37,  198,  261,  266,  0  181, 

0  276. 

Elenensis,  0  i So,  0  318. 
Eschscholtzii,  19,  0  214,  0  223. 
fastigiatus,  0  288. 
flavesceus,  0  252,  0  317,  P  198. 
giganteus,  18,  0  215. 
Goodallii,  0  180. 
Hartwegii,   40,   0   287,   0    318, 

0  349,  Q  231,  Q  232. 
Hindsii,  92,  0  229. 
hirundiforinis,   0    181,  0    187, 

0  318,  0  360. 
incarnatus,  35. 
insignis,  0  208,  0  214. 
interstinctus,  16,  0  210. 
laevigatus,  92,  O  285,  P  191. 
lignarius,  0  209. 
lignosus,  1 6,  19,  84,0209,0318, 

0348. 
limaciformis,  0    180,  0   252,  P 

194. 
lineatus,  9,  0  208,  O  214,  0  223, 

0  229,  0  318. 
lividus,  19,  0  215,  0  223. 
Looehooanus,  0  175. 
luridus,  198,  276,  0  318. 
Magdalensis,  0  206,  0  233._ 
marginatus,  92. 
Merckii,'  19,  40,  0  215,  0  223. 
Mertensii,  19,  0  215,  0  224. 
Monterey ensis,    16,   40,  0   287, 

0318,  0349,  Q  231. 
muricatus,  18,  0  215. 
muscosus,    16,    72,   84,   0    198, 

0  209,  0  229,  0  317,  0  348, 

V  221. 

Nuttallii,    13,    0    198,    0    318, 

0349,  $231,  V22i. 
ornatus,  16,  0  198,0  229,0  318, 

0  349,  Q  232,  V  221. 
Pallasii,  19,  0  214,  0  219,0223. 
patulus,  38. 
proprius,  0  290. 
pulchellus,  38,  198,  0  277. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


35 


Chiton 

regularis,  40,  0  287,  0   318,  Q 

232. 

retusus,  0  180. 
sanguineus,  63,  O  364,  P  194. 
scaber,  O  229,  0  290,  0317. 
scabriculus,  O  180,  0  318. 
scrobiculatus,  19,  0  215,  0  224. 
setiger,  0  214. 
setosus,  18,  0  178,  0  180,  O  214, 

0  215,  0  318. 
Simpsonii,  0  208. 
Sitchensis,    19,    0    192,   0   214, 

O  223,  0  229,  0  290. 
Stelleri,  19,  0  194,0  214,  0  223, 

0  229. 

Stimpsonii,  72. 
Stokesii,  38, 153,  198,266,0  180, 

0229,0  277. 
submarmoreus.  84,  214,  0  219, 

0  223. 

sulcatus,  9,  0  187. 
textilis,  35. 
tunicatus,  9,  84,  0  178,  0  192, 

0  214,  0  223,  0  288. 
vespertiuus,  16,  0  210. 
vestitus,  0  175,  0  223,  0  296. 
Wosnessenskii,   19,  92,  0    214, 

03i8. 
Chlorostoma 

aureotinctum,  28,  138,  152. 

brunneura,  27,  138. 

funebrale,  19,  23,  27,  40,  49,  79, 

113,  138,  170,0287,0297. 
gallina,  138,  152. 
maculosum,  21,  0  227. 
marginatum,  79. 
moestura,  49,  170. 
nigerrimum,  28,  138. 
Pfeifferi,  23,  27,  138. 
var.  pyri  forme,  138. 
rugosum,  P  233. 

var.  0  283. 

var.  subapertum,  113,  138. 
Chondropoma 

rubicundnm,  45. 


Choristodon 

typicum,  29,   0   244,  0   364,  P 

447,  P  529. 
Chorus 

Belclieri,  60,  149,  151. 
Cheetopleura 
muscosa,  16. 
dentiens,  16. 
Chrysallida 

acuminata,  0  273,  0  334. 

angusta,  104,  219. 

cancellata,  0  364. 

cincta,  99,  145. 

clathratula,    36,    187,  O   259,  0 

273,  0  334,  P  424. 
clausiliformis,  0  260,  O  334,  P 

367,  P  369,  P  370,  P  426. 
communis,  36,  no,  187,  0  273, 

O  334,  0  357,  0  364,  P  408, 

P  419,  P  421,  P  423. 
convexa,  0  260,  0  334,  P  422. 
crebristriata,  T  170. 
effusa,  36,  39,  187,  0  259,0  334, 

P  422. 
fasciata,  39,  0  259,  0  334,  P  417, 

P423- 

indentata,  0  260,  0  334,  P  425. 
marginata,  0  273,  0  334,  P  423. 
nodosa,  0  259,  0  334,  P  369, 

P4I7- 

oblonga,  O  259,  0  334,  P  418. 
ovata,  0  259,  0  334,  P  417,  P 

418. 

paupercula,  36. 
Photis,  0  260,  0  334,  P  425. 
pumila,  99,  145. 
Reigeni,  0  259,  0  334,  P  422. 
rotundata,  0  259,  0  334,  P  418, 

P4I9- 

teleseopium,  36,  39,  187,  O  259, 

0  334,  P  418,  P  421,  P  422. 
Chrysodomus 

antiquus,  69,  70,   83,   166,   183, 

0343- 

Baeri,  0  343. 
Behringii,  0  343. 


36 


INDEX    OP    SPECIES. 


Chrysodomus 

rar.  Behringianus,  83. 
carinatus,  25,  322. 
cassidariseformis,  70. 
deceracostatus,  83,  149. 
deforinis,  70,  0  343. 
dirus,  19,  25,  77,  83,  150,  322. 
despectus,  var.  25. 
fornicatus,  0  347. 
incisus,  83,  150. 
Islandicus,  71,  0  343. 
liratus,  4,  20,  149,  169. 
luridus,  0  343. 
Middendorffi,  20,  83,  149. 
rectirostris,  89,  150. 
Schantaricus,  71. 
Sitchensis,  49,  83,  150,  0  343. 
tabulatus,   25,  83,  89,  90,  102, 

114,  149,  322. 
Cingnla 

inconspicua,  33,  36,  190. 

? 0  274. 

Isevis,  0  220. 
minuta,  20,  0  220. 
paupercula,   33,    36,    190,   259, 

0  274,  0  327. 
saxicola,  0  274,  0  327. 
striata,  0  220. 

terebellum,  33,  36,  190,  0  274. 
tervaricosa,  0  257,  P  366. 
?turrita,  33,  36,  190,  0  274, 

Circe 

margarita,  0  247,  0  306,  P  81, 

P82. 

minima,  30,  P  82. 

nummulina,  58. 

subtrigona,  O  247,  O  306,  P  82. 

Circostrema 

diadema,  O  336,  0  360,  P  448. 
funiculata,    192,  0  260,  O  284, 
0  336,  0  360,  P  447. 

Cirrus 

nodosus,  P  354. 

Cistula 

trochlearis,  45. 


Cithara 

coucinna,  183. 

fusconotata,  104,  218. 

sinuata,  0  284,  0  332,  S  162. 

stroinboides,    24,    59,     109,    0 
332. 

?triticea,  24,  109. 
Clathrus 

hexagon  us,  P  446. 
Clathurella 

aurea,  0  259,  0  331,  P  400. 

bella,  0  332. 

bicanalifera,     183,    0     332,    P 
400. 

Candida,  0  332. 

cornuta,  0  332. 

corrugata,  O  332. 

ericea,  0  332. 

exigua,  O  332. 

intercalaris,  0  284,  0  332. 

gemraulosa,  0  332. 

merita.  0  332. 

xnicans,  0  332. 

neglecta,  0  332. 

occata,  0  332. 

quisqualis,  0  332. 

rava,  0  259,  P  399,  P  400. 

rigida,  184.  0  332. 

sculpta.  O  332. 

serrata,  0  284,  0  332. 

variculosa,  0  332. 
Clavella 

distorta,  25,  179,0344. 
Clavatula 

aspera,  0  205. 

bella,  0  205. 

cselata,  0  205. 

Californica,  75. 

Candida,  0  205. 

ericea,  0  205. 

Griffithii,  61. 

impressa,  0  205. 

luctuosa,  O  205,  P  397. 

merita,  O  205. 

inicans,  O  205. 

militaris,  0  205. 


INDEX   OP    SPECIES. 


37 


Clavatula 

neglecta,  0  205. 

bccata,  0  205. 

pardalis,  0  205. 

plumbea,  0  205. 

pudicea,  O  205. 

proruta,  75. 

quisqualis,  0  205. 
i         rava,  0  205,  P  399. 

rigida,  0  205. 

sculpta,  0  205. 
dementia 

gracillima,  0  246,  0  305,  P  54. 

subdiaphana,  88,  93,  126. 
Clidiophora 

acutedentata,  227. 

arcuata,  228. 

claviculata,  225,  226,  228,  229. 

cristata,  226. 

depressa,  227. 

discors,  228. 

nasuta,  167,  226. 

punctata,  99,  113,  124,  167,227. 

tabacea,  226. 

trilineata,  12,  124,  167,226,227. 
Closia.     See  VoluteUa. 
Cochlea 

neritoides,  160. 
Cochlodesma 

Leana,  Q  229. 
Cochlogena 

melania,  59. 

vittata,  59 
Cochlostyla 

princeps,  P  177. 

undata,  P  176. 
Codakia 

exasperata,  30. 

punctata,  30,  106. 

tigerrina,  23,  27, 106,  0  248,  P  96. 
Ccelodon 

Cumingii,  229. 

delicatulus,  229. 

elongatus,  229. 

flexuosus,  228,  230. 

unguiculus,  230. 


Collonia 

marginata,  49. 

phasianella,  192. 
Columbella 

acicula,  53. 

albuginosa,  221. 

angularis,  0  181. 

atramentaria,  180,  0  186, 0  269. 

baccata,  in. 

bicanalifera,  180,  0  181,  0  231. 

bieolor,  59,  0  270. 

Boivinii,  52,  180,  0  265,  0  269, 
0341. 

Bridgesii,  52. 

Californiana,  O  286,  0  341. 

Californica,  53,  O  351. 

oariuata,    23,    148,   151,  0   206, 
0231,0341,0349,  0351. 

castanea,  0  181,  O  192,  0  341. 

cervinetta,  O  262.  0  341,  P  493. 

var.  obsoleta,  0    262,  P 

493- 

citharula,  0  238,  0  269. 
coniformis,  0  235. 
conspicua,  180,  O  269. 
coronata,  0  181,  P  507,  P  508. 
costata,    59,    O    171,0    263,  P 

508. 
costellata,  35,  180,  0  176,0  181, 

0  269,  P  506. 
costulata,  0  263,  0  284. 
cribraria,    53,0    171,0    189,   0 

231,  P  487. 

diminnta,  34,  180,  0  269. 
dormitor,  284. 
dorsata,  180,  0  269. 
electroides,  53. 
elegans,  O  181. 
encaustica,  53. 
festiva,    25,    in,     180,   O    231, 

O  288,  0  341. 
fluctuata,    180,    181,  O    181,    O 

269. 

fulguran«,  P  505. 
fulva,  1 80,  0  1 8 1,  0  238,  0  269, 

P  509,  P  543- 


38 


INDEX   OP    SPECIES. 


Cohimbella 

fuscata,  25,  in,  151,180,0  171, 

0  181,0210,  0  235,  0238,  0 

262,  0   269,  0   283,  0   294,  0 

341,  P  489,  P  492,  P  543- 
fuscata,  var.  28. 
fusiforinis,  O  206. 
gausapata,   17,  84,  148,  0  210, 

O  341,  0  348. 

gibberula,  1 80,  0  231,  O  269. 
gibbosa,  0    171,0   234,  0   262, 

0269,  P  489,  P  491. 
Gouldiana,  21. 
Gouldii,  53,  0  231. 
gracilirf,  180,  0  269. 
guttata,  53,  180,  0  181,  0  231, 

0  262,  0  269,  P  487. 
haemastoma,  in,  0  181,  0  192, 

O  231,  0  269,  0  294,  0  341, 

0361. 
Haueti,  62. 
liarpiformis,   61,  181,  O   181,  O 

230,    0    231,  0    236,  O    238, 

O  269,  0  341,  P  537,  P  543. 
Hindsii,  23,  114,  148. 
humerosa,  155,  274. 
labiosa,  25,  48,  0   269,  O   283, 

034i. 
lactea,  53. 

lanceolata,  0  181,  0  190. 
lentiginosa,  0  206. 
ligata,  0  341. 
Hvida,  0  181,  0  341. 
lyrata,  180,  0  181,  O  269. 
maculosa,  0  181,  0231,  P  513. 
major,  25,  52,  in,  180,  0  171, 

0  181,  0  210,  0  231,  0  236, 

0   262,  0  269,  0  341,  P  489, 

P  49i,  P  492,  P  507,  P  537- 
maura,  0  181. 

meleagris,  O  262,  O  269,  0  294, 

P492. 

mercatoria,  0  222. 
fmillepunctata,  var.  25. 
mitriformis,0  177,  0  262,?  487. 
modesta,  180,  0  270. 


Columbella 

nicDsta,  1 8 1,  0  270. 
iiasuta,  0  238,  0  341,  P  543. 
uigricans,    181,  0   186,  0   231, 

0  270. 
Pacifica,  53. 
pallida,  0  235,  P  535. 
pardalis,  0  341. 
parva,  35,  181,  0  231,  0  270. 
pavonia,  0  206. 
paytalida,  O  262,  0  294,  P  489. 
procera,  0  181,  0  341. 
pulcherrima,  0  181,  0  341. 
pulchrior,  181,  0  270. 
punctata,  P  487. 
pusilla,  53. 
pygmsea,    181,    0    181,    0   192, 

0  226,  0  270,  P  510. 
pyrostorna,  0  181. 
Reevei,  53,  in. 
rorida,  53. 
rugulosa,  0  186. 
rugosa,  181,0181,0231,0270. 
rustica,  0  269,  O  294,  P  489,  P 

492. 

saturalis,  59,  61,  0  269. 
scalarina,  0  181,  P  505. 
solidula,  in. 
Sowerbyi,  0  270. 
spadicea,  53,  0  225,  P  535. 
Sta.-Barbarensis,    21,    53,    in, 

0  228,  0  231,  0  341,  0  349. 
strombiformis,    48,  181,  0    171, 

0   174,  0   178,  0  192,  0  210, 

0    234,    0  236,  0   262,  0  270, 

0  341,  P  490,  P  537- 
Btrombiformis,  var.  0  262,  0  269, 

P489. 

snlcosa,  53,  185,  0  272. 
Terpsichore,  O  226,  0  238,  0  263, 

P  5o8,  P  543- 
tessellata,  35,  181,  0  270. 
tseniata,   20,  53,  260,  0   225,  P 

535- 

trinmphalis,  10,  O  268. 
turrita,  181,  0  181,  0  270. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


39 


Colun^bella 

unciuata,  25,  53,  155. 
unicolor,  0  181,  0  342,  0  361. 
valga,  84. 

varia,  181,  0  181,  0  270,  P  507. 
varians,   155,  0  270,  0   341,   0 

361. 

venusta,  53. 
vexilluui,  53» 
Colua 

arctatus,  77. 
Concholepaa 

antiquata,  P  297,  R  3. 
Peruviana,  0  231. 
subrufa,  R  4. 
Conella 

cedo-nulli,  28,  in. 
conifornris,  25. 
Conovulus 

rnyosotis,  P  112. 
Conus 

abbreviates,  11. 

achatinus,  0  228,  0  236,  0  259, 

P  403,  P  537,  U  206. 
archon,  0  182,  0  208,  0  333. 
arcuatus,   9,    27,  46,  0    176,  0 

259,  0  333,  P  402. 
arenatus,    0     243,    O     259,    P 

404. 
brunneus,    no,   0    184,  0   270, 

O  292,  0  333,  0  360. 
Californicus,    21,   23,    27,    144, 

O  205,  0  332. 
cinctns,  0  170,  0  333. 
ccelebs,  O  205. 
comptus,  0  228,  0  230,  0   259, 

0  332,  P  402,  U  206. 
concinnus,  0  285,  0  292,  0  297, 

0332. 

Cumingii,  46. 
deperditus,  0  170.    , 
diadem  a,  0  184,  0  333,  0  360. 
ebraeus,  7. 
emarginatus,  152. 
ferrugatus,   0   285,    0    332,    O 
352. 


Conus 

gladiator,    24,    27,    no,  O    182, 
O  259,  0  270,  0  282,  0  332, 

T»      »  * 


gradatus,  7,  10,  46,0  178. 

hieroglyphus,  n. 

hyaena,  0  170. 

incurvus,  46. 

interrupts,  9,  45,  46,  152,  154, 

0    176,  0  187,  0  235,  0  360, 

P  402. 

•  var.  O  292. 

Largillierti,  58. 

lineolatus,  0  170,  0  270,  0  333. 
Lorenzianus,  46,  0  293.,  0  333. 
Luzonicus,  var.  O    184,    0   333, 

0  360. 
Mahogani,   9,    24,    154,  O   270, 

0  282,  0  292,  0  333. 
Mauritianus,  46. 
Mediterraneus,  0  222. 
minimus,  0  291,  O  360. 
minimus,  var,  0  333. 
nux,    21,  24,  27,  1 10,  0  182,  0 

259,  0    270,  0  332,  0  360,  P 

405- 

omaria,  0  238,  P  544. 
Orion,  0  182,  0  333. 
var.  papillosus,  46. 
patricius,  0  205,  0  333. 
perplexus,  46. 
Philippii,  59. 
princeps,  7,    58,  no,  0    170,  0 

183,   0    233,   O   238,  0   333, 

O  352,  P  544- 
pulchellus,  0  187. 
puncticulatus,    9,    27,   46,    154, 

0  238,  0  259,  O  332,  P  404, 

P544- 
purpurascens,    24,    27,  32,  no, 

181,   O    176,   0    182,   0   228, 

0  230,  0  259,  0  270,  0  332, 

0  364,  P  402,  P  403,  U  206. 
purpurascens,     var.    0    259,   P 

403. 
purpureus,  0  236. 


40 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


Conns 

pnsillus,  9,  21,  0   228,  O  230, 

0  332,  U  206. 
var.  pusillus,  no. 
pustolosus,  46. 
pyriformis,  0  292,  0  333. 
ravus,   21,   144,  0  228,  0  230, 

O  332,  0  333,  0  349,  U  206. 
regalitatis,  32,  no,  181,  0   184, 

0  236,  0  259,  0  270,  0  282, 

0  333,  P  403- 

regius,  7,  58,  O  170,  0  270. 
regularis,  24,  27,  0  238,  O   259, 

0  270,  0  292,  O  333,  0  352, 

P  401,  P  544. 
regularis,  var.  46,  0  176. 
reticulatus,  152. 
scalaris,  7,  10,  46,  no,  O  170, 

0  259,  P  406. 
terebellutn,  0  205. 
tiaratus,  46,  O  182,  0  292,0  360. 
tornatus,  9,  no,  0  188,  0  333. 
trochulus,  0  235. 
varius,  0  187,  O  360. 
virgatus,  var.  46. 
vittatus,  0  270,  0  292,  0  333. 
Ximenes,  9,  46,  0  177,  0  333. 
Zebra,  46. 
Cooperella 

scintillseforniiSj  97,  125. 
Corbicufa 

convexa,  154,  164,  0  287. 
ventricosa,  164. 
Corbula 

alba,  0  224,  0  228,  O  244,  P  534, 

P547- 
bicarinata,  23,  0   183,  0  224,  0 

228,  0  244,  O  280,  0  281,  0 

300,  0  364,  P  21,  U  199. 
biradiata,  20,  23,  39,  123,  204, 

205,   0    183,   0   244,   0    280, 

0  300,  P  22. 

Boivinei,  0  300. 
carinata,  0  224. 
Cubaniana,  0  364, 
Diegoana,  75. 


Corbula 

fragilis,  0  207,  0  300. 
gibbosa,  0  175,0347- 
luteola,  97,  123. 
marmorata,  0  207,  0  300. 
nasuta,  23,  O  228,  O  300. 
nucifonnis,   23,    154,  O    183,  0 

300. 

obesa,  204,  0  207,  0  300. 
ovulata,  33,    154,   204,   0   183, 

0  228,  0  244,  0  280,  0  300, 

polychroma,  20,  39,  205,  0  226, 
0  228,  0  300,  U  198. 

pustulosa,  39,  204,  0  244, 0  300, 
P  22. 

radiata,  0  207. 

rostrata,  0  175. 

rubra,  39,  204,  0  280,  0  300. 

scaphoides,  P  547. 

speciosa,  0  207,  0  300. 

Taheitensis,  0  280. 

tenuis,  23,  204,  0   183,  0  228, 
0  244,  0  280,  O  300. 

?ustulata,  0  236,  P  539. 

ventricosa,  0  584,  0  300. 

venusta,  73. 
Coralliophila 

Californica,  0  287. 

madreporarum,  63. 
Corniculina 

Ehrenbergii,  X  419. 
Cormioides 

major,  X  416,  X  425,  X  426. 

minor,  X  426,  X  436. 
Coronaxis 

nux,  P  405. 
Crania 

radiosa,  55. 
Crassatella 

alta,  75. 

collina,  81. 

Esquimalti,  91. 

Guadalupensis,  P  549. 

gibbosa,  23,  106,  155,  204,306, 
0  280,  0  297. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


41 


Crassatella 

Martiuicensis,  0  364,  P  549. 

Pacifica,  101. 

undulata,  0  297. 

Uvasana,  75. 

varians,  106. 
Crassispira 

aterrima,  P  393. 

incrassata,  P  392. 

luctuosa,  P  397. 

rudis,  P  393. 

zonulata,  P  395. 
Cremides 

Barbadensis,  P  215. 

Peruviana,  P  219. 

rugosa,  P  216. 
Crenella 

coarctata,  50,  107,  0  226,  0  234, 
0  248,  0  309,  0  359,  P  123. 

decussata,   97,    130,    169,    170, 

212. 

discrepans,  0  309. 

inflata,  39,  104,  211. 
Crepidula 

aculeata,  24,  27,  47,  51,  69,  92, 
108, 140, 196,  0  2, 0  190, 0  200, 
0  235,  0  236,  0  254,  0  282, 
0  323,  0  353,  0  363,  0  365, 
P  268,  P  269,  P  283,  P  292. 

aculeata,  var.  0  276,  V  225. 

Adolphei,  0  254,  P  272. 

adunca,  23,  25,  27,  31,  37,  51, 
79,  98,  108,  140,  197,  0  174, 
0  206,  0  209,  0  212,  0  230, 
0  236,  0  254,  0  276,  0  323, 
P  263,  P  275,  P  277. 

arcuata,  0  254,  P  272. 

arenata,  27,  51,  151,  0  184, 
0  282,  0  323,  P  275. 

arenata,  var.  151. 

auricnlata,  P  289. 

var.  bilobata,  17,  52,  140,  0  3, 
O  254. 

calceolina,  0  276. 

Californica,  52,  0  2,  0  200,  0 
254,  P  268,  V  225. 


Crepidula 

calyptrseformis,  P  270. 
capeusis,  0  209,  P  268. 
cerithicola,  0  254,  0  276,  P  278. 
contorta,  0   239,  0   254,  P   278, 

P545- 
costata,  0  2,  0  236, 0  239,0  254, 

P  268,  P  537,  P  545. 
depressa,  0  254,  P  272.  , 

dilatata,    51,   0    172,  0    190,  0 
.     254,   0   323,   0   366,   P   272, 

P  285,  P  292. 
dilatata,  var.  0  190. 
dorsata,  13,  17,  23,  52,  92,  140, 

0  254,  P  273,  P  274,  P  288. 
echinus,  52,  0  254,0  276,0363, 

P  268. 
excavata,  20,   24,   51,  98,    108, 

140,  152,  196,  0  230,  0  235, 

0  254,  0  276,  0  364,  P  274. 

var.  1 08. 

explanata,  27,  52,    140,  0    200, 

0  204,  0  228,  0  233,  0  255, 

0  323,  P   281,  P   282,  U  205, 

V  225. 
exuviata,    140,    0   200,   0   228, 

0    233,  0  255,  P   281,  U  205, 

V  225. 

fimbriata,  17,  51,  140. 
foliacea,  0  190,  0  254,  P  272,  P 

292. 

fornicata,  20,  P  282,  P  286. 
Goreensis,  0  239,  0  369,  O  365, 

P  280,  P  284,  P  286,  P  545. 
grandis,  20,  25,  70,  76,  169,  322, 

0  216,  0  223,  0  323. 
hepatica,    196,  0  236,  0   254,  O 

276,  P  276,  P  278,  P  537,  V  225. 
hystrix,  52,  0  363,  P  269,  P  293. 
— — —  var.  69. 
incurva,  24,  37,  52,  79,  154,  196, 

0  190,  0  230,  O  236,  O  254, 

0  276,  0  284,  0  323,  0  352, 

P  276,  P  277,  P  279,  P  292. 
incurva,  var.  P  275. 
incurvata,  0  175. 


42 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Crepidula 

Italica,  0  255,  0  276,  P  284. 
Lessonii,    51,    140,    196,  197,  0 

190,    0   276,    0   358,   P    269, 

P  282,  P  293. 
lineolata,  P  272. 
lingulata,  17,  52,  92,  140,  0  209, 

0323- 

lirata,  52. 

marginalia,  0  184,  0  324,  P  292. 

minuta,  17,  20,  0  200,  0  216, 
0  223,  0  323,  V  225. 

nautiloides,  51,  0  254,  P  272. 

navicelloides,  17,  20,  25,  52, 140, 
0  200,  P  281,  V  225. 

navicelloides,  var.  0  200. 

nivea,  26,  37,  154,  196, 197,  0  2, 
0  190,  0  255,  0  276,  0  323, 
0  358,  P  269,  P  270,  P  272, 
P  279,  P  281,  P  282,  P  285, 
P  286,  P  292,  P  293,  U  205, 
V  225. 

nivea,  var.  0  190,  0  239,  0  276. 

numinaria,  17,  52,  140,  0  200, 
0  209,  0  212,  0  323,  V  225. 

onyx,  27,  37,  52,  108,  152,  196, 
0  190,  0  200,  0  204,  0  230, 
O  235,  0  254,  0  276,  0  278, 
O  323,  0  364,  0  366,  P  272, 
P  276,  P  277,  P  292,  V  225. 

osculans,   31,    37,    197,   0   276, 

0323- 

pallida,  0  254,  P  272. 
Patagonica,  0  190,  0  254,0  255, 

P  272,  P  281,  P  292. 
patula,  0  254,  P  272. 
perforans,  52,  140,  0  200,  0  228, 

0  233,  U  205,  V  225. 
Peruviana,  0  24,3  0  254,  0  366, 

P  272. 

plana,  0  255,  0  276,  P  284. 
porcellana,  0  364,  P  275. 
princeps,  20,  25,  76,  166. 
prorupta,  166,  0  369. 
protea,  0255,?  272,  P  281 ,  P  292. 
rostriformis,  32,  37,  51, 140,  197, 


Crepidula 

0  209,  0  230,  0  254,  0   276, 

o  323,  P  275- 

rostrata,  32,  37,  52,  140,  197, 
0  254,  0  276,  O  323,  P  275. 

rudis,  P  263,  P  289. 

rugosa,  23, 27,  51,  79, 140,  0  200, 
0  323,  0  349,  P  278,  P  279, 

V224. 

Sitchana,   20,  0  216,  0   223,  0 

323- 
solida,    31,   37,    51,    140,    197, 

0  206,  Q  216,  0  224,  0  254, 

0  276,  0  323,  P  275. 
sordida,  0  324. 
squama,  32,  51,  140,  196,  0  184, 

0  235,  0   255,  0  276,  0  286, 

P  269,  P  280,  P  281,  V  225. 
squamosa,  35. 
strigata,  0  254,  P  272. 
striolata,  37,  0   2,  0  239,  0  255, 

0   276,  P   280,  P  281,  P  282, 

P545- 

umbrella,  P  263,  P  289. 

uncata,  32,  37,  52,  140,  197, 
0  254,  0  276,  P  275,  P  538. 

unguiculus,  P  281. 

var.  0  255,  P  281. 

unguiformis,  27,  37,  140,  196, 
197,  0  2,  0  184,  0  222,  0  255, 
0  276,  0  282,  0  323,  0  363, 
0  365,  P  272,  P  282,  P  284, 
P  285,  P  286,  V  225. 

unguiformis,  var.  0  275. 
Crepipatella 

aculeata,  P  268. 

Adolphei,  P  272. 

dilatata,  P  272. 

dorsata,  0  3. 

echinus,  P  268. 

explanata,  0  2. 

foliacea,  P  272. 

hepatica,  P  278 

hystrix,  P  268. 

pallida,  P  272. 

strigata,  P  272. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


43 


Creseis 

caligula,  0  173. 
cornucopice,  0  173. 
rugulosa,  X  425. 
Crucibulum 

.   auriculatum,  T  168. 
auritum,  52. 
Byronense,  52. 
cinereum,  52. 
corrugatum,  24,  52,  U  204. 
dentatuni,  0  235,  T  167. 
extinctoruin,  0  364,  P  287. 
ferrugineuin,  52. 
geuimaceum,  52. 
hispidam,  52. 
imbricatum,  27,    52,    108,    151, 

I52,    J53,    195,   °   3,  0    J79, 

0    190,  0   204,  0  230,  0  235, 

0   255,  0   275,  0  323,  P  287, 

P  292,  P  293,  T  167,  T  168. 
imbricatum,  vor.  0  275. 
imbricatum,    var.  Broderipii,  0 

190,   0   288,   P   287,   T    1 68, 

U  205. 
imbricatum,   var.    Carribbeuse, 

T  167. 
imbricatum,    var.    Cumingii,  0 

190,    0    288,   0   363,   P    292, 

Ti67. 

Jewettii,  21,  0  228,0  230,  0  323. 
lignarium,  52,  0  224,  O  323. 
maculatum,  52. 
var.  195. 

ctinatum,  24,  27,    52,  P    292, 

T  168. 
peziza,  52. 
quiriquinum,  52. 
radiatum,  24,  O  323. 
rude,  195,  0  235,  0  276,  0  282, 

T  168. 

rngosum,  52,  0  255. 
sctitellatum,  52,  0  255,  P  287. 
serratum,  52,  0  323,  P  292. 
sordidum,  52. 
spinosum,  23,  24,  27,  52,  61,  76, 

79,    108,    140,    151,    152,  195, 


Crucibulum 

0   3,  0    179,   0    190,   0   200, 

0    204,  O   230,  0  233,  0   235, 

0   255,  0   280,  0   283,  0  323, 

0  353,  P  290,  P  292,  P  293. 
spiuosum,  var.  10. 
spinosum,  var.   compresso-coni- 

cum,  O  288,  T  167. 
striaturn,  52. 
tenue,  0  235. 
tubiferum,  52. 
umbrella,    24,    27,   43,  52,   195, 

0  323,  0  364,  P  295,  T  168. 
unguis,  52. 

violascens,  T  166,  U  205. 
Crypt  a 

Goreensis,  P  285. 
nivea,  0  2,  P  281. 
Peruviana,  P  272. 
rostrata,  P  275. 
rugosa,  P  278. 
Cryptobranchia 
Candida,  0  219. 
caeca,  0  219. 
Cryptochiton 

Stelleri,    23,    70,     134,    0    297, 

03i8. 
Crypto don 

flexuosus,  97,  129,  168. 

myoides,  n. 

Nuttallii,    11,  61,  72,  0    194,  0 

300,  0  349,  V  210. 
serricatus,  88,  129. 
Crypto  mya 

Californica,   22,   26,    71,  78,  79, 

87,88,  119,  123,0  194,0211, 

V  210. 
ovalis,  79. 
Cultellus 

lucidus,  0  349. 
subteres,  0  195. 
Cuma 

calcar,  P  482. 

costatum,  7,  35,  155,  180,  O  262, 

0  340,  P  482,  P  484,  P  485. 
diadema,  P  482. 


44 


INDEX   OF   SPECIES. 


Cuma 

kiosquiforme,   24,    180,   0   262, 

0  340,  P  481. 
kiosquiforme,  var.  O  190. 
sulcatum,  0  269. 
tectum,  24, 48, 1 80,  O  182, 0  191, 

0340,  P355,  P475,  P4Si. 
Cumingia 

Adainsii,  38,  203. 

Californica,  26, 126, 0  195,  0  231, 

0    234,0   245,0  304,  0  351, 

0  353,  P  30,  V  213. 
var.  coarctata,    38,    47,    203,    0 

245,  0  279. 
lamellosa,  38,  47,    203,  0    183, 

O  245,  0  304,  P  29,  P  30. 
similis,  40. 
striata,  O  245. 
trigonularis,   38,   47,    105,   203, 

O  245,  0  279,  0  304,  P  30. 

var.  0  184. 

Cyathodonta 
plicata,  27. 
nndulata,  119. 
Cycladella 

papyracea,  29,  257. 
Cycladina 

Adansonii,  P  108. 
Cyclas 

acurainata,  164. 

australis,  P  108. 

calyculata,  O  222,  P  106. 

cornea,  164,  0  210, 0  222,  P  106. 

edentula,  164. 

egregia,  0  213,  0  308. 

Estrellana,  81. 

inornata,  164. 

minor,  165. 

modesta,  164. 

iiobilis,  165. 

ovalis,  165. 

panduta,  81. 

patella,  165,  0  210,  O  308. 

permaera,  81. 

simplex,  164. 

Spokaui,  91. 


Cyclas 

striatina,  164. 
tenuistriata,  164. 
triangularis,  164. 
tumida,  91. 
Cyclina 

producta,  0  284,  0  305,  S  161. 
saccata,  0  305. 

subquadrata,    77,    201,   0    227, 
O   246,  0   278,  0   305,  0  364, 
P62,  S  161,  U  201. 
Cyclophorus 

ponderosus,  45. 
translucidus,  45. 
Cyclostoma 

acutum,  0  220. 
anatinum,  0  220. 
giganteum,  0  185. 
Mexicanum,  0  265. 
Cyclostrema 

excavatum,  T  169. 
octoliratum,  T  169. 
pentegoniostoma,  T  169. 
Cyclotus 

giganteus,  0  326. 
Cylichna 

Carpenteri,  34. 

(fcylindracea,     var.)     attonsa, 

23,  89,  133,  169. 
inculta,  133. 
luticola,  34,  194,  0  250,  0  275, 

O  313,  Pi7o. 
mamillata,  133,  O  366. 
planata,  133,  307. 
triticea,  71. 
Cylinder 

porpbyreticus,  48. 
Cylindrella 

Ghiesbreghti,  44. 
Liebmanni,  0  295. 
Pfeifferi,  0  295. 
salpinx,  44. 
l^res,  0  295. 
Cymbium 

patulum,  48. 
tuberosuua,  48. 


INDEX   OP    SPECIES. 


45 


Cypraea 

adusta,  9,  0  291. 
acicularis,  P  373. 
albuginosa,  8,  45,  0  291. 
approximans,  0  285. 
Arabica,  0  239,  0  265,  P  545. 
arabicula,  35,  176,  0  164,  0  170, 

0    178,  O    235,  0  236,  0  239, 

0  282,  P  373,  P  537,  P  545- 
arabicula,  var.,  O  267. 
armadina,  0  188,  0  292. 
Californiana,  8. 
Californica,  0  230,  0  291. 
candidula,  0  285,  O  294. 
cervina,  0  258,  P  371. 
cervinetta,    176,  0  258,  0  267, 

0  282,  0  328,  0  363,  P  371, 

P372. 
cervus,  0  258,  P  372. 

var.  P  371. 

costata,  8. 

eglantina,  n,  0  265. 
exanthema,   27,   153,   154,   166, 

176,  0   258,  0   328,  0   362,  0 

363,  P  37i,  P  372. 
m  var.  0  267. 

flaveola,  P  373. 
fusca,  0    187,  0   239,  P   378,  P 

545- 

irina,  0  187. 
Laraarckii,  0  170,  0  293. 
lathyrus,  0  258,  O  293. 
Maugerise,  O  182,  0  291. 
nigropunctata,  0  187,  0  190. 
nymphse,  0  291. 
obesa,  O  235. 
olorina,  0  285. 
onisens,  8,  O  267,  P  376. 
onyx,  9,  49,  0  291. 
Pacifica,  O  182,  0  230. 
pediculus,  8,  0  230. 
poraria,  8. 
pulla,  0    1 86,  O   286,  O   291,  P 

379- 

punctulata,  35,    176,  0   230,  0 
267,  0  291,  P  374. 


Cypraea 

pustulata,  6,  8,  48,  176,  0  174, 
0  230,  0  236,  0  239,  0  267, 

P  375,  P  537,  P  545- 
radians,  8,  177,  0    170,  O    174, 

O  230,  0  233,  0  267. 
rubescens,    35,    177,   0    182,  O 

267,  0  291,  P  378. 
sanguinea,    177,  0   230,0   236, 
'  0  239,  0  258,  0  267,  0  288, 

O  293,  P  537,  P  545.          9 
Solandri,  0  230,  0  236,  O  291, 

P  377,  P  537- 
Sowerbyi,  0  235,  0  236,  0  293, 

P  537- 

spadicea,  7,  8,  49,  0  230,  0  235. 

spurca,  P  373. 

stercoraria,  P  373. 

subrostrata,    8,  O   239,  0   292, 
0  294,  P  379,  P  545. 

suffusa,  0  188,  0  230,  0  292. 

tigris,  109. 

zebra,  P  371. 

zonata,  0  235,  0  236,  0  293. 
Cypraecassis 

tenuis,  153, 

testiculus,  152. 
Cyrena 

acuta,  164. 

sequilateralis,  164. 

altilis,  164,  0  i,  0  227,  0  232, 
0  248,  P  115,  U  202. 

angulata,  164. 

Californica,  164. 

cordiforrnis,  164. 

Cumingii,  164,  0  287. 

Floridana,  O    i,  0   281,  P    115, 
P  116. 

Fontainei,  164,  0   248,   0   281, 
P  114. 

fragilis,  164,  P  115. 

inflata,  164,  0   287,  0   296,  O 

309. 

insignis,  164,  O  287,  0  308. 
marititna,  38,  164,  201,  0  278, 

0  309,  S  161. 


46 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Cyrena 

Mexicana,  27,  164,  0  I,  0  175, 

0  248,  0  281,  0  308,  P  115. 
Mexicana,  var*  0  227,  O  232. 

altilis,  U  202. 

olivacea,  27,  164,  0  248,  0  281, 
O  308,  P  114,  P  116. 

Panamensis,  164. 

placens,  P  114. 

pullastra,  164. 
•    radiata,  164. 

Recluzii,  164. 

solida,  60,  164,  0  281,  0  309. 

sordida,  164. 

subquadrata,  164,  0  287,  0  309. 

triaugula,  164. 

tumida,  164. 

varians,  164,  P  115. 
Cyrenoida 

serricata,  P  104. 
Cyrtopleura 

truucata,  121. 
Cyrtulus 

distortus,  0  231. 

patulus,  P  501. 
Cytherea 

aequilatera,  0  203,  0  246,  P  549. 

affinis,  201,  0  185,  0  191,0  229, 
0  247,  0  278,  P  69. 

alternata,  0  247,  0  289,  P  69. 

argentina,  0  185,  0  236,  P  539. 

arguta,  60. 

aurantia,  0  174,  0  229,  0  278. 

aurantiaca,  47,  201,   0   246,  0 
278,  P  63. 

biradiata,  9,  0  211,   0  236,  0 
246,  0  366,  P  64. 

brevispina,  0  281. 

brevispinosa,  0  289,  P  69. 

callosa,  12,  279,  0  197,  V  216. 

casta,  P  70. 

castanea,  P  70. 

chione,  0  211,  0  289,  P  64. 

chionsea,  0  236,  P  64,  P  539. 

circinata,  0  289,  P  69. 

concinna,  O  185,  P  69. 


Cytherea 

consanguiuea,  58,  201,  0  278. 
corbicula,  0    246,  P    54,  P    55, 

P539- 

crassatelloides,  58,0  196,0  207, 
P  58,  V  216. 

Dariena,  So. 

decisa,  77. 

Dione,  var.    61,  0    185,  0   246, 
0  285,  P  67. 

Dunkeri,  60. 

elegans,  0  246,  P  64. 

erycinoides,  V  216. 

formosa,  P  70. 

fusca,  P  70. 

gigantea,  39,  60,  0  246,  0  289, 
P  60. 

gracilior,  58,  0  246,  P  55. 

graphica,  P  70. 

Guineensis,  P  69. 

Hindsii,  0  246,  P  55. 

impudica,  P  70. 

intermedia,  0  246,  0  289,  P  55. 

laeta,  58. 

lepida,  0  246. 

ligula,  58. 

lupinaria,    6,  0    185,  0  229,  0 

284,  P  67. 
lusoria,  P  70. 
lutea,  58. 
mactroides,  60,  0  246,  P  55,  P 

59- 

meretrix,  58,  P  70. 
niorphina,  P  70. 
nitidula,  58. 
nobilis,  12,  106,  280. 
ovum,  P  70. 

Pacifica,  60,  0  246,  P  55. 
petechialis,  69,  0  202,  O  247, 
O  305-  0  366,  P  70. 

lanulata,  47,  0  176,0  189,  P59. 
punctata,  P  97. 
radiata,  58,  201,  0  191,  0  278. 
rosea,  0  175. 

semifulva,  0  236,  O  246,  P  55, 
P539- 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES 


47 


Cytherea 

semilamellosa,  6,    61,  0    246,  P 
67,  P  68. 

solidissima,  0  196,  0  296. 

squalida,   201,   0   246,   O    278, 
0  366,  P  64. 

subsulcata,  0  247,  P  79. 

tigerina,  P  96. 

tortuosa,  0  185,  O  229,  0  247. 

undulata,  0  189,  0  246,  P  59. 

unicolor,  0  185. 

vulnerata,  0  185,  P  68. 

zonaria,  P  70. 
Cythna 

albida,  99,  143. 

asteriaphila,  104,  218. 

tumeiis,  143,  218. 

Dactylidea 

mutica,  P  470. 
Dactylina 

Campechensis,  121. 

Chiloensis,  121. 

dactylus,  39. 

laqueata,  23. 
Dactylus 

incrassatus,  P  464. 
DEedalochila 

implicata,  0  294. 
Daphnella 

aspera,  144,  314. 

effusa,  114,  144,  243. 

casta,  24,  109,  0  205,  0  332. 

crebriplicata,  109. 

filosa,  23,  144,  284. 
Darina 

declivis,  93,  123,  251. 
Defrancia 

bella,  0  230,  0  349. 

intercalaris,  S  163. 

intricata,  97,  122,  P   6,  0   244, 
0  298. 

rana,  P  399. 

rava,   0   259,  0   331,  S    163,  S 
164. 

serrata,  S  163. 


Dendronotus 

arboresceiis,  0  218,  0  313. 
iris,  95- 
Dendropoma 
lituella,  42. 
megamastum,  42. 
Dentalium 

corrugatura,  0   251,   0   317,    P 

189. 

dentalis,  0  222. 
eburneutn,  134. 
elepbantinum,  P  314,  X  419. 
entalis,  46,  98,  134,  0  296. 
glabrum,  X  414,  X  435,  X  436. 

var.  X  414. 

hexagonum,  46,  98,  134,  154. 
hyalinum,3i,  134,  0  225,0251, 

0  317,  P  188,  P  536. 
imperforatum,    X   414,   X   425, 

X436. 

incurvum,  X  425. 
var.  Indianornm,  98,  134,  169. 
lactenm,  31,  152. 
liratuin,  46,  0  251,  O  317,  P  188. 
minutum,  X  413,  X  435. 
nebulosum,  0  175. 
politum,  O  223,  0  317. 
pretiosum,    31,   46,   98>    I34,  0 

251,  0  296,  P  189. 
pseudosexagonum,  46. 
quadrangulare,  46. 
rectius,  89,  134. 
seinipolitum,  31,  98,    134,    152, 

0  175- 

spleudidum,  46. 

striolatum,  46. 

substtiatmn,  0  367. 

tessaragonum,  0  180,  0  317. 

tetragonum,  46,  152. 

trachea,  X  414,  X  423,  X  425. 

t-ar.  X  414. 

Diadora 

cmcibuliformis,  80. 
Diala 

acuta,  99,  143. 

electrina,  104,  217. 


48 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


Diala 

uiamillata,  33,  P  412. 
marinorea,  99,  143. 
paupercula,  259. 
Dione 

affluis,  0  305. 

alternata,  0  363. 

aurantia,  0   246,  0   305,   P 

P63. 

aurantiaca,  0  282. 
biradiata,  0  232,  O  305,  P  VI, 
brevispina,  57. 
brevispinata,  57,  0  281,  P  69. 
brevispinosa,   0    247,  O   305,  0 

358,  P  69. 
cliione,  0   366,  P   VI.,  P   63,  P 

65. 
chionaea,  0  226,  0  232,  0  234, 

0  246,  0   282,  0  305,  0  352, 

0  366,  P  VI,  P  63,  P  64,P65, 

P7o. 

chionsea,  var.  0  364. 
circinata,   58,  0   232,  0   247,  0 

3°5,  0  363,  P  69. 
concinna,  0  247,  0  305,  P  69. 
consanguinea,  0  305. 
dione,  0  232,  0  364. 
elegans,  P  VI. 
exspinata,  58. 
lepida,  0  234. 
lupinaria,  57,  0   232,  0   246,  0 

265,  0  297,  0  305,  0  358,  0 

0  364,  P  67. 

maculata,  57,  0  364,  P  65. 
multispinosa,  57. 
nobilis,  57. 
pannosa,  58,  211. 
prora,  58. 

var.  210. 

puella,  21. 

rosea,  0   232,  0   234,  0   246,  0 

305,  P  66. 

semilamellosa,  57,  58. 
squalida,  0  305,  P  VI.,  P  64. 
tortuosa,  0  305. 
unicolor,  58,  0  305. 


Dione 

Veneris,  57,  P  67. 

vulnerata,  0  246,  0  305,  P  68. 
Diplodonta 

calculus,  106,  0  308. 

circularis,  0  366. 

obliqua,  0  224,  0  248,  O  308, 
P  103,  P  534. 

orbella,  12,  22,  26,  113,  129,0 
197,  0  232,  0  308,  0  349, 
0  351,  0  352,  U  202,  V  218. 

serniaspera,  30,  154,  0  197, 
0  224,  0  229,  0  248,  0  297, 
0  3°8>  0  363,  0  366,  P  102. 

var.  0  227,  U  202. 

semiaspera,  var.  discrepans, 
0  248,  P  103. 

serricata,  0  248,  P  104. 

subquadrata,  106,  0  287,  0  308, 
Q230. 

trigonula,  P  103. 

undata,  P  103. 
Discina 

Cumingii,  37,  105,  155,194,205, 
266,  0  244,  O  298,  O  366,  P  7. 

Evansii,  55,  102,  0  298,  O  349. 

striata,  0  366. 

strigata,  54. 
Discopora 

trispinosa,  P  3. 
Discus 

Vancouvereusis,  157. 
Dispotaea 

Byronensis,  10. 

dentata,  0  3,  P  287. 

spinosa.  0  239,  P  546. 

striata,  Q  234. 
Distortio 

anus,  0  171. 

constrictus,  182. 
Ditrupa 

gad  us,  X  413. 
Do  Hum 

crassilabre,  0  238,  P  543. 

den  tat  urn,  8,  0  238,  P  543. 

latilabre,  0  238. 


INDEX    OF   SPECIES. 


49 


Do  Hum 

personatum.  0  238. 

petrosum,  166,  0  367. 

plicosum,  0  238. 

pomuui,  0  174. 

ringens,   8,    179,  0  231,  0  238, 

0  269,  0  292. 
Donax 

abruptus,  0  232. 
assimilis,  23,  202,  0  186,  0  236, 
0  245,  0  279,  O  297,  0  304, 

P44- 

bellus,  0  226,  O  287,  0  304. 

var.  cselatus.  23,  106. 

Californicus,  22,  26,  126,  151, 
0  195,  0  196,  0  227,  0  229, 
0  232,  0  241,  0  246,  O  287, 
0  296,  0  304,  0  349,  0  351, 
0  352,  P  47,  P  548,  U  200, 

V2I3. 

carinatus,  23,  38,  154,  202, 
0  208,  0  232,  0  285,  0  304, 

P  43,  P  44- 

carinatus,  var.  202,  0  245,  P  43. 
Carpenter!,  0  287,  0  304. 
couipressus,  0  236,  P  539. 
Com-adi,    106,    0    170,   0    241, 

O  246,  0  287,  O  289,  0  304, 

P46,  P47,  P548,  V2i3. 
Conradi,  var.  0  196. 
contusus,  0  241,  0  246,  0  287, 

0  289,  P  47,  P  548. 
culminatus,     38,     202,    0    229, 

O  245,  P  43,  P  548,  U  200. 
culter,  0    241,    0    246,    0    285, 

0  287,  P  47,  P  48. 

var.  P  48,  P  548. 

elongatus,  9. 

flexuosus,   21,  22,    126,  0    227, 

0    229,  0   304,  0   349,  P   44, 

P  548,  U  200. 
gracilis,  23,  202,  0  186,  0  229, 

0  279,  0  304. 
Isevigatus,  0  227,  0  232. 
Lamarckii,  21. 
Lessoni,  0  246,  P  59. 


Donax 

Martinicensis,  0  245. 
iiavicula,  23,  27,  106,  126,  202, 

O   186,  0  229,  0  246,  0  279, 

0  304,  P  50,  P  548. 
obesus,  126,  0  195,  0  196,  0 

227,    0   296,   0   304,   U   200, 

V2I3. 

obesulus,  0  287. 
ovalimis,  0  287,  0  304. 
Panamensis,  0  295,  0  304. 
pretextus,  0  367. 
pulchellus,  Q  230. 
punctatostriatus,  7,  23,  27,  77, 

126,  151,  0  170,  0  232,  O  241, 

0  246,  0  285,  0   296,  0  304, 

P   44,  P   46,  P   48,  U   200,  V 

213. 
punctostriatus,     var.     caelatus, 

0  246,  P  46. 
radiatus,  7,  0  170,  0  191,  0  246, 

0  287,  P  44. 
restrains,   23,   27,  38,  154,  202, 

0  229,  0   245,  0  279,  0   304, 

0  364,  P  548,  U  200. 
rugosus,  0  364. 
scalpellum,  9,  0  178,  P  44. 
scortum,  0  296. 
semistriatus,  0  287,  Q  230. 
serrula,  P  548. 
stultorum,  10. 
sulcatus,  0  226. 
transversus,    23,    154,     0     174., 

0  245,  0  304,  P  44,  P  548. 
Doris 

alabastrina,  94. 
albopunctata,  95. 
Sandiegensis,  94,  95. 
sanguiuea,  94,  95. 
Montereyensis,  94,  95. 
Dosinia 

alta,  80,  81. 

Annse,  154,  O  246,  0  305,  P  61. 

callosa,    279,  0    281,  O  305,  O 

349,  V  216. 
concentrica,  P  60. 


50 


INDEX    OP    SPECIES. 


Dosinia 

distans,  P  60. 

Dunkeri,  23,  106,  0  163,  O  186, 

0  229,  0  232,  0  246,  0  282, 

0  287,  0  305. 
gigantea,  0  232,  0  234. 
longula,  80,  81. 
Montana,  81. 
poiiderosa,   27,    39,    106,    151, 

0  246,  0  305,  P  60,  P  61. 
saccata,  0  232. 
simplex,  0  232,  0  287,  0  305, 

P6i. 

subobliqua,  81. 
turgida,  0  28:. 
Drillia 

alabastra,  0  364. 
albicostata,  0  331,  0  360. 
albolaqueata,  155. 
albonodosa,  0  331,  P  397. 
albovallosa,  109,  0  226,  0  230, 

0  258,  0  331,  P  296. 
appressa,  104,  218. 
arcuata,  0  331. 
aspera,  P  395. 
ater,  0  331. 
aterrima,  24,  36,  109,  183,  184, 

0  331,  0  364,  P  393,  P  395. 
aterrima,    var.    Melchersi,    36, 

109,  0  258,  P  393. 
atrior,  0  331. 
atronodosa,  0  258. 
bicolor,  0  331,  0  360. 
cancellata,  89,  144. 
cerithoidea,  0    258,   0   330,   P 

394- 

cincta,  0  331. 
coolata,  0  331. 
coolebs,  0  331. 
collaris,  183,  0331. 
corrugata,  183,  0  331. 
discors,  183,  0  331. 
duplicata,  184,  O  331. 
ebnrnea,  154,  273. 
exarata,  24. 
exceutrica,  184,  0  331,  0  360. 


Drillia 

gibbosa,  0  364,  P  392. 
gracillima,  var.  24. 
grandimaeulata,  184,  0  331. 
granulosa,  0  331. 
Hanleyi,  0  259,  0  331,  P  398. 
hexagona,  24.  0  331. 
impressa,  0  331. 
incisa,  89,  143,  144. 
incrassata,  24,  154,   184,  0  258, 

0  33i,  0  364,  P  392. 
inermis,    23,   27,    70,    143,    169, 

0330. 
luctuosa,    109,    143,    0    258,    O 

330,   P   385,    P   392,   P    394, 

P  397,  P  398. 
maculosa,  P  391. 
maura,  109. 
militaris,  0  331. 
modesta,  0  331. 
moDsta,  23,  143,  283. 
monilifera,  0  258,  0  331,?  395. 
nigerrima,  24,  184,  0  331. 
nitida,  0  331. 
obeliscus,  184,  0  331. 
pallida,  184,  0  331. 
pardalis,  0  331. 
•   penicillata,  144,  151,  314. 
plumbea,  0  330. 
punctatostriata,  0  284,  0   331, 

S  164. 
rudis,    24,    184,  0    258,  0   282, 

0  33i,  P  393,  P  394- 
rugifera,  0  331,  0  360. 
rustica,  0  331. 
splendidula,  0  331,  0  360. 
striosa,  184,  0  331. 
thiarella,  P  395. 
torosa,  143. 
(?torosa,    var.)    aurantia,    143, 

3I3- 

unicolor,  0  331. 
zonulata,    184,    0   258,   0    331, 

P  395- 
Dunkeria 

caucellata,  0  260,  0  335,  P  435. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


51 


Dunkeria 

intermedia,  0  260,  0  335,  P  435- 
laminata,  23,  145,  286. 
paucilirata,  0  260,  0  335,  P  434- 
subangulata,    36,    187,    0    260, 

0  335,  P  434- 
var.  36. 

Elephantulum 

abnormale,  0  255,  0  324,  X  442. 
heptagonurn,   O   256,  0   324,  X 

442. 

imbricatum,  X  442. 
insculptum,    0    255,  O   324,    X 

442. 

laqueatum,  0  324,  X  442. 
liratocinctum,  0  256,  0  324,  X 

442. 

var.  subconieum,  X  442. 

var.    subobsoletum,    X 

442. 

var.  tenuiliratum,  X  442. 

liratum,  X  442. 

obtusum,  0  255,  O  324,  X  442. 
plicatum,  X  442. 
subspirale,  0  255,0  324,  X  442. 
Emarginula 

crenulata,  0  175. 
rosea,  136,  P  276,  P  296. 
Engina 

alveolata,  0  341. 

carbonaria,  1 8 1,  0  341,  0  361. 

crocostoma,    25,    112,    0     231, 

0  341,  0  361. 
ferruginosa,  0  231. 
heptagonalis,  0  341. 
jugosa,  0  270,  O  341. 
inaura,  0  341,  0  361. 
pulchra,  181,  0  341,  0  361. 
pyrostoma,  0  341,  O  361. 
Reeviana,    25,    112,   0    341,  0 

361. 

zonata,  0  341,  0  361. 
Enaeta 

Cumingii,  40. 
harpa,  40. 


Ensatella 

ambigua,  39. 

rudis,  205. 
Eutodesma 

cuneata,  124. 

diaphana,  97,  124. 

inflata,  97,  124. 

picta,  124. 

saxicola,  124. 

saxicola,  var.  eylindracea,  124. 
Eolidia 

pinuata,  0  173. 
Erato 

columbella,  23,  143,  147,  169, 
0  228,  0  230,  0  236,  0  328, 
P  537,  U  206. 

Jewettii,  0  230. 

leucophsea,  143,  0  228,  O  230, 
0  328,  U  206. 

Maugeriae,  24,  109,  112,  0  328, 
O  364-  ' 

Maugeriae.  var.  Pauamensis, 
0  284,  S  162. 

scabriuscula,  24,  45,  109,  177, 
0  230,  0  267,  0  328. 

vitellina,  23,  143,  0  206,  O  328. 
Erycina 

dubia,  0  186. 

Geoffroyii,  P  105. 

papyracea,  0  287. 

suborbicularis,  P  105. 

violacea,  P  108. 
Ethalia 

arnplectans,   0   254,   0   322,    P 

253. 

carinata,  O  254,  0  322,  P  252. 
lirulata,  0  253,  O  322,  P  251. 
pallidula,  0  253,  0  322,  P  252. 
pyricallosa,    0    253,   0    322,    P 

251. 

supra vallata,  98,  138. 
supravallata,     ?var.    invallata, 

98,  138. 
Eucosmia 

cyclostoraa,  104,  215. 
punctata,  104,  215. 


52 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Eucosmia 

variegata,  214,  215. 

(?variegata,     var.)     substriata, 

104,  215. 
Eulima 

acuta,  0  183,  0  335,  P  438. 

compacta,  99,  145. 

distorta,  O  296,  P  408,  P  441. 

falcata,  273. 

fuscostrigata,  105,  219. 

hastata,  154,  0   260,  0   335,  P 
438. 

interrupta,  0  183,  0  335. 

iota,  37,  192,  0  274.  P  440. 

inicans,  89,  99,  145,  169. 

recta,  193,  0  274,  P  439. 

rutila,  99,  145. 

solitaria,  37,  193,  0  274,  P  439. 

Thersites,  23,  145,  286. 

yod,  39. 
Eulimella 

obsoleta,  0  260,  0  335,  P  436. 
Euomphalus 

radiatus,  0  238,  0  259,  P  407, 

P54L 
Euparypha 

areolata,  158. 
Euryta 

aciculata,  24,  109,  0  258,  0  329, 
O  366,  P  389. 

Cosentini,  0  366. 

fulgurans  [=fiilgurataj,  O  366. 

fulgurata,    24,  27,    109,  177,  0 

258,  0  329,  P  388,  U  206. 
Euthria 

ferrea,  70. 

plumbea,  70. 
Evalea 

aequiscnlpta,  219. 

delicatula,  219. 

sublirulata,  33,  P4IO. 

Fartulum 

bimarginatnra,  X  443. 
corrugulatum,   0   256,  0    324, 
X443- 


Fartulum 

dextroversurn,  O  256,  0  324, 
X443- 

? var.  Antillarura,  X  443. 

farciinen,  0  256,  0  324,  X  443. 

glabri forme,  0  256,  0  324. 

laeve,  0  256,  X  443. 

mainillatum,  X  443. 

pollicare,  X  443. 

reversum,  0  256,  0  325,  X  443. 

subquadratuin,  X  443. 

teres,  0  256,  0  325,  X  443. 

vitreum,  X  443. 

var.  Clarkii,  X  443. 

Fasciolaria 

aurantiaca,  48,  0  261,  P  459. 

bistriata,  O  228,  0  231,  0  338, 
U  207. 

canaliculata,  0171. 

grauosa,  10,  24,  183,  0  181,  0 
271,  0  338. 

priuceps,  27,  48,  no,  183,0  174, 
0  238,  0  261,  0  292,  0  338, 
P  458,  P  544. 

rugosa,  0  171. 

salmo,  0  188,  0  338. 

sulcata,  60. 

tulipa,  24,  0  171. 

Valencieimesii,  0  188. 
Felania 

cornea,  0  308. 

serricata,  30,  201,  0  308,  0  364. 

tellinoides,  23,  154,  201,  0  308. 

usta,  73. 
Fenella 

crystallina,  104,  217. 

excurvata,  32. 

pnpoidea,  99,  142. 
Ficula 

decussata,  7,  153,  O  231,  0  234, 
0  236,  0  238,  O  242,  0  282, 
0  337,  0  364,  P  454,  P  537, 
P  544- 

ficoides,  7,  0  171. 

gracills,  0  364. 

Ocoyana,  77. 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


53 


Ficula 

reticulata,  0  171. 

.ventricosa,    24,    no,   0   234,   0 

0  261,  0  271,  0  337,  P  453, 

P454- 
Fissurella 

sequalis,  197,  0  276. 
affiuis,  P  219. 
i         alba,  46,  154,256,0236,0252, 

0319,  P  217,  P  218,  Q  234. 
alta,  46,  197,  0  276,  P  221. 
aspera,   8,   84,   0    174,   0   209, 

O  215,  0  224,  V  223. 
Barbadensis,  O    162,  O    184,  0 

243,  0  252,  0  364,  P  215. 
cancellatus,  46,  49. 
catillus,  P  220. 
ehlorotrema,  0  2,  0  236,  0  252, 

P  216,  P  538. 
coarctata,  P  213. 
cratitia,   84,  0    199,   0   209,  0 

212. 

crenifera,  0  184. 
crenulata,   76,   0    234,   0    283, 

V  223. 
densiclathrata,   49,   84,  0    174, 

O  199,  0  291,  V  223. 
exarata,  0  199,  V  223. 
excelsa,  46. 
gemmata,  0  236,  0  252,  P  218, 

P538. 

gibberula,  0  1 88,  0  319. 
Gunneri,  49. 
hians,  0  175. 
humilis,    0    2,    0   236,    0    252, 

P  216,  P  538. 

*          insequalis,  0  i,  0  184,  P  220. 
Lincoln!,  45,  84,  0  178. 
macrotreraa,  24,  154, 197,0  184, 

0  276,  0  319,  0  360. 
microtrema,  37,  108,  197,  0  184, 

0  276,  0  319. 

Mexicana,  46,  0  188,  0  319. 
mus,  37,  197,  0  i,  0  252,  0  276, 

0319,  P  SSL 
inntabilis,  0  296,  0  320,  0  360. 


Fissurella 

nigropunctata,  24,  tf,  84,  154, 

197,    0    184,   0   276,   0   282, 

O  319,  0  360,  P  214,  P  218, 

Q234. 
nigrocincta,    46,     108,    0    252, 

0  288,  0  319,  P  217,  P  218, 

Q234. 

Novse-Hollandise,  49. 
obscura,   46,   0    184,  0  320,  .0 

360. 
ornata,  13,  26, 137,  0  241,  0  319, 

0  349,  P  214,  V  222. 
ostrina,  0  276,  0  319. 
Panaraensis,  46,  0  184,  0  320. 
Peruviana,,  0    252,   0    319,    P 

219. 
var.  pica,    35,   37,  0    i,  O    184, 

0  236,  0  252,  P  220,  P  538. 
rugosa,    24,   27,   46,    1 08,    155, 

196,  0  2,  0  1 88,  0  236,  0  252, 

0  291,  0  319,  0  360,  P  215, 

P  216,  P  218,  V  223. 
rugosa,  var.  0  239,  0  276. 
spongiosa,  0  252,  P  219. 
tenebrosa,  46. 
turbinelloides,  49. 
viminea,   0    2,   0   239,    0    252, 

P  216,  P  546. 
violacea,    100,   0    215,   0    224, 

0319. 

violascens,  0  348. 
virescens,    27,    37,  197,  0   3,  O 

162,    0   233,   0    234,   O   239, 

0  252,0  276,  0  319,  P  213, 

P  216,  P  218,  P  546,  V  223. 
virescens,  var.  O  364. 
volcano,  13,  23,  100,   114,  137, 

151,   O   208,   0    233,   0    319, 

0  349- 
Fissurellidaea 

sequalis,  197,  0  320. 
Flabellina 

erassicornis,  O  313. 

opalescens,  94,  95. 
subrosacea,  O  313. 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Fluminicola 
fusca,  163. 
semiualis,  90. 
virens,  162. 
Fossarus 

abjectus,  0  273. 
angiostoma,  0  273. 
angulatus,  216,  O  257,  O  326. 
excavatus,  188,  O  273,  0  326. 
foveatus,  0  273,  O  326. 
maculosus,  0  257. 
megasoma,  O  273,  O  326. 
ovoideus,  U  205. 
parcipictus,  104,  216. 
purus,  104,  216. 
reticulatus,  U  205 
tuberosus,  216,  0   257,  0   326, 

P354 
Fulvia 

modesta,  170. 
Fusus 

ambustus,  21,  25,  150^  0  228, 

O  234,  U  208. 
angulatus,  0  177. 
antiquus,  19,  0  217,  O  223. 
apertus,  d  263,  P  504. 
Baerii,  19^  0  217. 
Bamffius,  0  209. 
Beliringii,  19,  0217. 
bellus,  183,  0  271. 
Beruicieusis,  0  217. 
cancellatus,  O  171,  0  210. 
cancellinus,  18,  0  211. 
carinatus,  0  192. 
clavatus,  21,  150. 
contrarius,  0  217,  O  223. 
corpulentus,  O  367. 
corrugatus,  0  293. 
decemcostatus,   4,    20,    179,    0 

217,  0  223. 
deformis,  0  217. 
Dupetithouarsii,  7,  28,  49,  112, 

0   192,  0  204,  O  208,  0  293, 

0  294,  0  296,  0  361. 
fidiculus,  17,  0  209,  O  211. 
fornicatus,  0  177,  0  .217. 


Fusus 

fragosus,  21. 
geniculus,  1 66,  0  367. 
gla^lalis,  O  177. 
Holboelli,  0  217. 
horridus,  0  293. 
iucisus,   18. 

Islandicus,  0  217,  0  223. 
Kellettii,  28,  0  240. 
lamellosus,  34,  0  177,  0  217. 
lapillus,  9,  0  176,  0  293. 
lignarius,  0  352,  P  503. 
luridus,  19,  O  217. 
Magellanicus,  7,  0  171. 
Mexicanus,  0  293. 
nmlticostattts,  0  177. 
muricatus,  O  222. 
nodulosus,  179. 
Norvegicus,  0  223. 
Novffi-Hollandise,  112. 
Oregouensis,    O   210    0   240,  0 

293. 

Orpheus,  17,  92,  0  209,  0  213. 
pallid  us,  0   176,  0  208,  0  234, 

0  263,  0  288,  0  352,  P  502. 
pygmseus,  0  217. 
rlieuma,  0  238,  P  544. 
Sabinii,  0  177,  0  217,  0  223. 
salebrosus,  P  485. 
scalariforinis,  0  217. 
Sitchensis,  18,  19,  O  217. 
tenebrosus,  0  217. 
Thouarsii,  112. 
torheuma,  0  238. 
tumens,  O  263,  P  503,  P  504. 
turbinelloides,  P  503. 
turriculus,  0  209,  0  211. 
turris,  7,  0  171. 
ventricosus,  0  177. 
Wiegmanm,  0  261,  P  455. 

Gadinia 

Afra,  O  366. 

pentegoniostoma,    195,   0    i,  0 
185,   0   252,   0   319,   0   366, 

P  212. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


55 


Gadinia 

reticulata,  152. 
-steltata,  31,  195,  0  319. 
Galeomma 

macroschisma,  46. 

Turtoni,  46. 
Galerus 

aspersus,  0  275. 

asperus,  0  323. 

conicus,  24,  27,  37,  152,  154, 
'95,  0  235,  0  254,  0  282, 
0  323,  P  265,  P  266,  P  267. 

coiitortus,  76,  98,  140. 

fastigiatus,  25,  140,  322,  0  323. 

lichen,  P  266,  P  267. 

mamillaris,  24,  27,  37,  52,  140, 
154,  195,  0  190,  0  230,  0  233, 
0  235,  0  254,  O  276,  O  282, 
0  323,  0  366,  P  266,  P  267, 
Q233. 

regularis,  37,  195,  0  323,  P  266, 

Q233. 
Sinensis.O  366,?  266,  P  267, 

Q233- 
var.  fuscus,  0  288,  Q 

233. 

sordidus,  P  292. 

striatus,  P  292,  Q  234. 

subreflexus,  52,  0   288,  O  323, 

Q233. 
Garnotia 

solida,  197,  0  254,0  297,  P  275. 
Gastrochaena 

brevis,  0  184,  O  299,  0  359. 

cuneiformis,  P  547. 

hyalina,  0  184,  0  299,  0359. 

ovata,  105,  121,  0  184,  0  244. 
0  299,  0  363,  P  15. 

rugulosa,  0  184, 0  299,  O  359. 

truncata,  0  184,  0  244,  O  299, 

0  363,  P  14,  P  15- 
Gena 

varia,  40. 
Gibbula 

coronulata,  O  321. 

funiculata,  114,  139,  239. 


Gibbula 

lacunata,  113,  139,  239. 

minor,  P  461. 

nivosa,  73. 

optabilis,  98,  139. 

parcipicta,  113,  139,  238. 

redimita,  73. 

succincta,  113,  139,  238. 
Gi  to  centrum 

Chiloensis,  121. 
Glandina 

Albersi,     156,    0    251,   0    287^ 

0313,  P  175- 

var.  tnrrita,  156,  P  175. 

Carmiuensis,  44. 

conularis,  0  287. 

fusiformis,  0  285. 

Ghiesbreghti,  44. 

Isabellina,  0  286. 

monilifera,  0  286. 

nigricans,  0  2$6. 

obtusa,  0  186,  0  314. 

Sowerbyana,  0  286,  0  314. 

tortillana,  0  286. 

turris,    156,   O    251,   0   313,    P 

175- 
Glaucus 

draco,  0  173. 

Pacificus,  O  173. 
Globulus 

tumens,  0  253,  0  322,  P  250. 
Glycinaeris 

Estrallina,  82. 

generosa,  123,  165,  168,  169. 
Glyphis 

alta,  24,  27,  197,  0  252,  0  320, 

P  221,  P  222. 

aspera,   45,   49,    J37,  0    199,  0 

291,  0  320,  V  223. 
cratitia,  8,  137,  0  320. 
crenifera,  0  320. 
densiclathrata,   8,    13,    23,     27, 

137,  0  320. 
insequalis,  24,  27,  37,   108,  153, 

197,  214,  0  i,  0  252,  0  360, 

P  220,  P  222. 


56 


INDEX   OP    SPECIES. 


Glyphis 

Lincolni,  8,  137,  0  320. 

microtreina,  0  364. 

pica,  0  320. 

saturnalis,  104,  214. 
Gnathodon 

Lecontii,  78,  119. 

mendicus,    21,   29,   78,   0    232, 
0  246,  0  304,  P  549,  U  200. 

trigonus,  21,  62,  78,  119,  0  227, 

P  52,  U  200. 
Gonidea 

femiualis,  120. 

Randallii,  120. 
Gouldia 


Halectis 

Japonica,  0  350. 
Kamtschatkana,  27,  69,   72,  84, 

100,   113,   137,0  216,0  226, 

0  283,  O  295,  O  320,  0  350. 
nodosa,  10. 
pulcherrima,  4. 
rufescens,  7,  13,  23,  27,  84,  100, 

114,  137,   H4,  0    192,  0   229, 

0  32o,  0  350. 
spleudens,    23,    27,    42,   60,  72, 

84,  108,  137,  151,  0    199,    0 

286,  0   320,0   350,0   351,  V 

223. 
tuberculatus,  43. 


Pacifica,   30,    38,   201,   0    247,    Haminea 

0  278,  0306,  0364,  P  82,  P  83,  I          cymbiformis,    31,    132,   0    250, 
P  84,  P  549. 

varians,  30, 0  247,  0  306,  0  364, 

0  366,  P  83,  P  530,  P  549. 
Gratelupia 

Hydeana,  77. 

mactropsis,  77. 
Gryphsea 

angulata,  P  160. 


Gundlachia 

Californica,  119,  161. 

Haliotis 

aquatilis,  0  216,  0  286,  0  320, 
0350. 

Californiana,  7,  0  170. 

Californiensis,  6,  7,  13,  84,  100, 
137,  P  174,  O  199,  O  291, 
0  320,  0350,  0351,  ¥223. 

corrugata,  10,  84,  137,  O  291, 
0  320,  0  350. 

Cracherodii,  6,  7,  9,  13,  23,  27, 
84,  100,  108,  137,  151,  0  174, 
0  199,  0  229,  O  241,  0  291, 
0320,  0350,  0351,  V  223. 

discus,  69,  350. 

fulgens,  60. 

glabra,  6,  9,  0  199,  0  291,  V 
223. 

interrupta,  7. 


0313,  Pi74- 
hydatis,  85,  89,  132,  169. 
luticola,  P  170. 
vesicula,  79,  132,  0  227,  0  313, 

0351,  U  203,  U  204. 
virescens,  31,  79,  132. 
Haplocochlias 

cyclophoreus,  104,  215. 
Harpa 

crenata,  7, 8,  46,  in,  153,  0  177, 

0  238,  0  292,  0   340,  0  366, 

P543- 

gracilis,  0  176. 

Mexicana,  0  292. 

minor,  0  179. 

Rivoliana,  46,  O  238,  0  292. 

rosea,    0    177,   0    179,   0     292, 
0366. 

rosea,  var.  0  292. 

scriba,  0  171,  0  340. 

testudinalis,  0  292. 
Harvella 

elegaus,  21,  23,  100,  204. 
Hastula 

luctuosa,  P  387. 
Haustator 

Bauksii,  P  330. 

goniostoma,  P  330. 

tigrina,  P  332. 


INDEX   OF   SPECIES. 


Hatistrum 
deutex,  6. 
pictum,  6. 
tuberculatum,  6. 
Hecuba 

culmiuata,  P  548. 
Helicina 
amoena, 
chryseis,  45. 
Lindeni,  45. 
merdigera,  45. 
0  wen  i  ana,  45. 
Salvini,  45. 
tmbinata,  45. 
Helisonia 

corpulentum,  161. 
trivolve,  161. 
Helix 

acutedentata,  157. 
anachoreta,  157. 
annulifera,  0  286,  0  314. 
Antoni,  0  295,  O  314. 
arbor ea,  96,  115,  116. 
arboretorum,  59,  157. 
arbustorurn,  162. 
areolata,   116,   152,  158,  0  208, 

O  265,  0  294,  0  295,  0  314. 
arrosa,  59,96,  151,  157. 
aspera,  162,  0  239. 
Ayresiana,  118,  158. 
Baskervillei,    85,     157,   0    226, 

0  286,  0  290,  0  297,  0  314. 
biciucta,  0  294. 
Bridges!!,  118,  158. 
Brewer!,  95,  96. 

Bufloniana,  0  265,  0  294,  0  295. 
caduca,  0  295. 
Californica,  0  226. 
Californiensis,  59,  96,  120,  157, 
158*,   0    198,     0  212,    0   234, 

O  294,  0  314,  V  220. 

Carpenter!,  118,  158. 
Carpenteriana,  118. 
cartlmsiana,  0  222. 
ehersina,  95,  96. 
cicercula,  0  265. 


Helix 

coactiliata,  44. 

Columbiana,    85,    92,    96,    115, 

157,  0    198,   0   239,   0    294, 
0  314,  V  220. 

concava,  115,  0  211. 
Cooper!,  115,  157. 
crebristriata,  95. 
cultellata,  59. 
Damascenus,  59,  120,  158. 
devia,    85,  157,  0   209,  0   213, 

0226. 
Dupetithouarsii,  59,  87,  92,  96, 

118,  119,  158,  0  203,0  294, 

0314. 
Duranti,  96. 

euryomphala,  44,  0  295. 
exarata,  59,  96,  158. 
eximia,  44. 
facta,  95. 
fidelis,  59,  84,  92,  96,  120,  157, 

158,  0    198,   0   212,    0    234, 
0  294,  0  314,  V  220. 

fraterua,  0  211. 

fulva,  0  222. 

Gabbii,  95. 

Gaulteriana,  P  247. 

germana,    157,   0    210,    O   211, 

0314. 

Ghiesbreghti,  44,  0  295. 
griseola,  0  265,  0  294,  0  295. 
Hildebrandi,  119. 
Hinds!,  0  286,  0  294. 
hispida,  0  222. 
Humboldtiana,  0  294. 
imperator,  0  265. 
iufirmata,  0  283. 
infumata,    79,    87,    96,    157,    0 

3H- 

inflecta,  0  211. 
intercisa,  95,  120,  158. 
Kellettii,    95,    96,    158,   0    233, 

0  239,0  314,  0351. 
labiata,  92. 
labiosa,    85,    115,    157,   0    209, 

0212,  0213,0314. 


58 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Helix 

labyrinthus,  0    239,  0    265,  0 

-  295- 
var.  sipuuculata,  0  286. 

Lalliaua,  44. 

laxata,  44. 

Leconti,  157. 

levis,  158,  0  208,  0  294,  0  295, 

0  314. 
loisa,  157. 

loricata,  96,  157,  0  209^  0  211. 
lucubrata,  0  265,  O  294. 
Mazatlanica,  59,  157. 
Mexicana,  0  294. 
mormonum,  59,  96,  158. 
Mullani,  115,  157. 
nemorivaga,  157. 
Newberryana,  96. 
Nickliniana,   59,    96,    120,    157, 
158,    0    198,    0   212,    0    226, 
0  314,  V  220. 
Nuttalliaua,   59,    84,    87,    157, 

0  210,  0  226,  0  239,  V  220. 
Nystiaua,  0  186,  0  295,  0  314. 
Oajacensis,  0  294. 
oruginosa,    13,    59,   87,    157,    0 
226,  0  283,  O  314. 

Oregonensis,    59,   79,    87,    120, 
158,  O  198,  0  314,  V  220. 

Pandoras,    59,  116,    158,0   239, 
O  314. 

pedestris,  59,  157. 

peregrina,  61,  162. 

plicata,  0  265,  O  295,  0  314. 

polygyrata,  115. 

polygyrella,  115,  157. 

princeps,  P  177. 

pulcbella,  0  222. 

pura,  0  222. 

Pytonesica,  95. 

quadridentata,  0  295,  0  314. 

quinquestrigata,  O  295. 

ramentosa,  120,  158. 

redimita,  157. 

reticulata,  59,  118,  158. 

Rothi,  95. 


Helix 

rotundata,  36,  92,  191. 

ruderata,  O  222. 

ruida,  59,  157. 

rufescens,  92, 

rufocincta,  95. 

Sagraiana,    59,    162,   0    294,  0 

314. 

Sandiegoneusis,  162. 
Scbrenkii,  0  222. 
var.  sipunculata,  0  239. 
solitaria,  115. 
spendidula,  0  265. 
sportella,  85,  92,  96,   115,   157, 

0  209,  0  226,  0  314. 
spirnlata,  0    186,  0  265,  0  295, 

0314. 

stagnalis,  P  361. 
striatella,  95,  116. 
strigosa,  115,  157,  0  209,  0  212, 

0  213,  0  314. 
Thouarsii,  92,  96,  118,  119. 

var.  96. 

tenuicostata,  0  294. 
Townsendiana,    13,    59,    84,  92, 

115,    0    198,   0   210,   O    213, 

0   226,  0    239,  0  294,  0  314, 

V  220. 

Traskii,  96,  118,  158. 
Tryoni,  95. 
tudiculnta,    72,    85,   96,   157,  0 

211,   0   233,   0   294,   0    314, 

0351. 
uncigera,  O    187,  0    290,  O  295, 

0  314. 

undata,  P  176. 
Vancouverensis,  79,  85,  92,  96, 

H5,  157,  0  198,0210,0  211, 

O   212,  O  213,  0  294.  0   314, 

V  220. 

vecillata,  0  314:  [misprint  for] 
vellicata,  92,  115,  157,  O  239. 
ventrosula,  0  286,  0  294. 
vincta,  158,0203,  0  226,  0  297, 

0314. 
vittata,  6,  59,  P  177. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIE3. 


59 


Hemicardium 

biangulatum,  23, 38,  75,  97,  106, 

128,  201. 

gramferum,  23. 
medium,  38,  201. 
obovalo,  155. 
Hemifusus 

Belclieri,  60. 
Heterodonax 

bimaculatus,    12,    27,    38,    105, 

112,  126,  151. 
•  vars.  23. 

Pacificus,  78. 
Hiatella 

oblonga,  0  221. 
Hiatula 

compacta,  151. 
Nuttallii,  74. 
Hima 

dccussata,  P  497. 
Hinnites 

Californiensis,  13. 
crassus,  81. 

giganteus,  8,  13,  14,  20,  22,  25, 
26,  81,  131,  151,  169,  0  164, 
O   193,  0   233,  0  290,  0  312, 
0350,0351. 
Nicklinianns,  13. 
Nuttalli,  0  193. 
Poulsoni,    8,    13,     131,    0    193, 

O  233,  0  290. 
Hipponyx 

antiquatus,    27,    108,  140,    194, 
O   255,  O   324,  0   363,  0   365, 
P  296,  P  297,  P  298,  R  3. 
australis,  0  236,  0  255,  P  299, 

P  538,  R  3- 

barbatus,  24,  37,   108,  140,  194, 
195,   O   255,    0   275,    O    324, 
0  366,  P  299,  R  3,  R  4. 
barbatus,  var.    costellatus,  R  4. 
eranioides,  114,  239. 
crispus,  P  299,  R  4. 
effodiens,  R  5. 

foliaceus,  0  239,  0  255,  P  296, 
P  546,  R  3. 


Hipponyx 

Gray  anus,  24,  27,  37,  108,  194, 
O  184,  0  193,  0  200,  0  230, 
0  255,  0  275,  0  282,  O  353, 
0  360,  0  361,  0  366,  P  299, 
R4,  R5. 

mitralis,  P  297. 

mitrula,  0  226,  0  324,  O  363, 
P  297,  R  3. 

Panamensis,  0  255,  O  275,  O 
324,  0  363,  P  297,  R  3. 

planatus,  140,  0  255,  0  284, 
0  324,  P  298. 

radiatus,  194,  0  184,  0  200, 
0  230,  0  255,  0  275,  P  299,  R  4. 

serratus,  27,  98,  140,  195,  256, 
O  226,  0  236,  0  239,  0  255, 
0  324,  0  364,  P  296,  P  297, 
P  300,  P  549,  R  3,  R  5. 

subrufus,  37,  194,  282,  0  230, 
0  275,  0  363,  R  4. 

tessellatus,  P  90,  P  549. 

tuberculatus,  R  4. 

lumens,  23,  27,  140,  282. 
Homalopoma 

sanguineum,  23,  74,  113. 
Hyala 

rotundata,  104,  217. 
Hyalaea 

tridentata,  132. 
Hydrobia 

compacta,  104,  217. 

stagnalis,  P  361. 

ulvse,  20,  142,  0  257,  0  327, 
0  366,  P  361. 

lanacus 

Lessonii,  0  2,  P  280. 

squama,  0  2,  P  280. 

unguiculus,  P  281. 

unguiformis,  P  284. 
lanthina 

bifida,  P  185. 

communis,  74,  0  366,  P  186. 

decollata,  52,  107,  O  251,  0  316, 
0  364,  P  187. 


60 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


lanthina 

fragilis,  52,  186,  0  364,  P  185. 

globosa,  52,  0  251,  P  187. 

pallida,  0  366. 

prolongata,   74,  0  251,  0  364, 
0  366,  P  185,  P  187. 

striolata,  52. 

striulata,  31,  52,  0  251,  0  316, 
O  364,  0  366,  P  185. 

var.  contorta,  0    251,   P 
186. 
Iberus 

Gaulterianus,  P  247. 

sportella,  157. 
Imperator 

olivaceus,  P  227. 

serratus,  98,  138. 

unguis,  29. 
Infundibulum 

Califoruicum,     40,    O     286,     P 
265. 

cliloromplialus,  40. 

Gabiotense,  82. 

radians,  P  264. 
lopas 

sertura,  P  489. 
Iphigenia 

altior,  23,  27,  202,  0  245,  0  304, 
P42. 

laevigata,  O  245,  0  304,  0  366, 

P  42,  P  548. 
Iphinoe 

coronata,  72. 
Isapis 

fenestrata,  99,  114,  142,  241. 

maculosa,  0  257,  0  327,  P  247, 

P355- 

obtusa,  99,  142. 
ovoidea,  142,  241,  0  230,  0  326, 

P  355,  P  356,  U  205. 
Ischnochiton 
Beanii,  108. 

Elenensis,  38,  39,  104,  266. 
ror.  expressus,  38,  266. 
flectens,  89,  92. 
Gothicus,  98. 


Iscnnochiton 

limaciformis,  63,  108. 
Magdalensis,  18,  107,  135,  151, 

266. 

Mertensii,  89. 
Nuttallii,  113. 
parallelus,  104,  212,  213. 
pectiuatus,  98. 
(?yar.)  prasiuatus,  104,  213. 
pseudodeutieus,  16,  92,  98. 
retiporosus,  89. 
sanguineus,  266. 
scabricostatus,  98. 
serratus,  104,  213. 
trifidus,  89. 
veredentiens,  98,  135. 
Isognomon 

Chemnitzianus,  24,  27,  107,  199, 

0  249,  0  297,  0  311,  0  352, 

o  363,  o  365,  P  150- 

var.  199. 

Chemnitzii,  P  151:    [=-anus.] 
costellatus,  107,  0  349,  V  219. 
flexuosus,  0  311,  0  363. 
incisus,  107. 
Janus,    107,   0   250,  0   311,   P 

IS*- 

perna,  P  150. 

Janira 

bella,  80. 

deutata,  14,  27,  81,  98, 107,  131, 

153- 

Estrellana,  81. 
excavata,  131,  153. 
Jefifreysia 

Alderi,  109,  143,  0  257,  0  327, 

P362. 

bifasciata,  109,  0    257,  0    327, 

0  366,  P  362,  P  363. 
opalina,  0  366. 
translucens,  99,  143. 
lumens,  0  257,  0  327,  P  366. 
Jouannettia 

Darwinii,  251. 
pectinata,  121. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


61 


Katharina 

Douglasiae,  9,  134,  0  192,0  288, 

0318,0348. 
subinarinorea,  O  318. 
tuuicata,  26,  134,  0  318. 

Kellia 

(var.)  Chironii,  99,  113,  129. 
Laperousii,  15,  26,  88,  129,  304, 

305,  0  308,  0  349- 

( rar.)  Chironii,  304. 

pulchra,  0  295. 

rotundata,  129,  305. 

rubra,  P  108. 

suborbicularis,  39,  88,  97,  106, 

129,  155,  1 68,  303,305,  0  208, 

0   248,  0  297,  0    308,  0   365, 

0  366,  P  105. 
ventricosa,  0  280. 

Kennerlia 

bicarinata,  80,97,  124,  232. 
filosa,  88,  124,  231. 
glacialis,  231,  232. 

Lacuna 

var.  aurantia,  142. 

carinata,    17,    118,    142,  240,  0 

209,0   2ii,0   213,  0   327,0 

348. 

decorata,  114,  142,  240. 
var.  effnsa,  114,  142,  240. 
var.  exsequata,  114,  142,  240. 
glacialis,  0  220,  0  223. 
pallidula,  P  252. 
porrecta,  114,  142,  240. 
puteolus,  0  240. 
solidula,  17,  25,  142,  240,  322. 
(?solidula,  var.)  corapacta,  114, 

240. 
unifasciata,  23,    142,  0   228,  0 

230,  0  327. 

variegata,  114,  142,  240. 
vincta,  89,  142,  169. 
Laevicardium.     See  Liocardium. 

Lagena 

California,  0  286. 


Lagena 

Wiegmanni,  P  455. 
Laminaria 

digitata,  Q  236,  Q  237. 
Lanistes 

discors,  70. 

laevigata,  70. 
Lasaea 

oblouga,  0  248,  0  308,  P  109. 

rubra,  30,  88,  97,  106,  129,  169, 
O  248,  0  308,  0  366,  P  108. 

trigonalis,  0  248,  0  308,  P  109. 
Lasea.     See  Lasaea. 
Lathirus 

armatus,  0  287,  O  297,  O  338. 

Californictis,  0  338. 

castaneus,    24,    48,     154,    183, 
0  282,  0  338. 

ceratus,    24,    no,    183,  0   261, 
0338,  036i,  P  457. 

concentricus,  0  282,  0  338. 

gracilis,  S  166. 

Knorrii,  0  364. 

nodatus,  0  338. 

rudis,  24,  183,  O  338. 

spadiceus,  183,  0  338. 

tuberculatus,    24,    61,    0    282, 
0338,0361,  0364,  P  457. 

tumens,  O  284,  0  338,  S  166. 

varicosus,  0  338,  0  361. 
Lathyrus.     See  Lathirus. 
Latirus.     See  Lathirus. 
Latyrus.     See  Lathirus. 
Lavignon 

larnellosa,  P  29. 
Lazaria 

affinis,  14,  23. 

Californica,  27,  30,  106. 

pectunculus,  153. 

subquadrata,  22,  113,  128,  280. 
Leda 

arctica,  70. 

cselata,  22,  130. 

costellata,  0311. 

commutata,  130. 

cuneata,  98,  130. 


62 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Leda 

eburnea,  46. 

Elenensis,  24,  200, 0  249,0  311, 

P  H5,  P  53°. 

fossa.  88,  91,  130. 

foveata,  91. 

gibbosa,  0  311. 

hamata,  98,  130. 

Hindsii,  41. 

impressa,  0  367. 

inornata,  130. 

lyrata,  46. 

minuta,  71,  89,  130,  169. 

ininuta,  var.  71. 

pernula,  130. 

polita,  24,  200,  311. 

Sowerbiana,  46. 

Taylori,  41,  46. 
Leiosolenus 

spatiosus,  0  249,  0  310,  P  130, 

p  550. 

Leiostraca.     See  Liostraca. 
Leiostracus 

Mexicanus,  P  177. 

Ziegleri,  P  177. 
Lepas 

alba,  P  297. 
Lepeta 

Candida,  71. 

caecoides,  89,  137,  169. 
Lepidopleurus 

Adauisii,  37,  265,  266. 

Beanii,  0  252,  O  317,  P  197. 

bullatus,  0  252,  0317,?  195- 

var.    calciferus,  0  252, 

P  196. 

clathratus,  0  252,  0  317,  P  195- 

limaciformis,  0  317. 

MacAndrese,   0    252,   O   317,  P 
196,  P  197. 

Maedalensis,  0  317. 
Mertensii,  89,  135. 

ppctinatus,  89,  135. 
regularis,  135. 
sanguineus,0  252,0317,?  194, 
P  195,  P  196. 


Lepidopleurus 

scabricostatus,  98,  135. 
tenuisculptus,  37,  39,  266. 
Lepralia 

adpressa,  256,  0  244,  0  298,  P 

5- 

atrofusca,  0  243,  0  298,  P  3. 

cucullata,  P  3. 

hippocrepis,  0  244,  0  298,  P  4. 

humilis,  0  244,  0  298,  P  5. 

inarginipora,  0  244,  0  298,  P  4. 

Mazatlanica,  0  243,  0  298,  P  3. 

rostrata,  O  243,  0  298,  P  4. 

trispiuosa,  0  243,  0  298,  P  3. 
Leptinaria 

Elisae,  44. 

Emraelinse,  44. 
Leptochiton 

cinereus,  92. 

interstinctus,  16. 

lividus,  0  317. 

Mertensii,  0  317,  0  349. 

nexus,  98,  136. 

proprius,  0  317. 

scrobiculatus,  0  317,  0  349. 
Leptoconchus 

monodonta,  63. 
Leptoconus 

gladiator,  P  405. 

puncticulatus,  P  404. 

purpurascens,  P  402. 

regularis,  P  402. 

regalitalis,  P  403. 

Lepton 

clementinuni,  0    248,  0   308,  P 
no,  P  in. 

dionamm,  0  248,  O  308,  P  in. 

meroeura,  97,  129. 

placunoidenm,  P  in. 

umbonatum,  0    248,  O   308,   P 

in. 
Leptonyx 

bacula,  98,  138. 

sanguineus,  113,  138. 
Leptoxis 

fusca,  163. 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


63 


Leptoxis 

Nuttallii,  162. 

vireus,  162. 
Lesoea.     See  Lasaea. 
Leuchochila 

chordata,  158. 
Leucozonia 

Californica,  O  297. 

cingulata,    24,    28,    151,   180,  0 
171,    0    231,    0    235,    0   261, 
0  338,  P  457- 
Levenia 

coarctata,  24,  27,  no. 
Levicardium.     See  Liocardium. 
Lima 

angulata,  24,  154,  199,  0  185, 
0  189,  0  229,  0  277,  0  284, 
0  311. 

arcuata,  107,  199,  0  189,  0  277, 
OS",  0359. 

dehiscens,  98,  131. 

fragilis,  107. 

gigantea,  8. 

hians,  131. 

orientalis,  98,  131. 

Paeifica,  199,0277  0311,0359. 

squamosa,  21,47,69,  107,0222. 

var.  tenera,  131. 

tetrica,  21,  27,  69,  107,  0  227, 

0  234,0  311,0  352,  V203. 
Limacina 

artica,  0  218,  0  221,  0  223. 

helicialis,  0  221. 
Limatula 

subauriculata,  98,  131. 
Limax 

Columbianus,  85,  159,  0  210, 
0213,0313. 

foliolatus,  0  213. 
Limnophysa 

Adelinse,  160. 

bulimoides,  160. 

catascopium,  160. 

etnarginata,  160. 

ferruginea,  160. 

pallida,  160. 


Limnophysa 

palustris,  160. 
proxima,  160. 
reflexa,  159. 
solida,  1 60. 
Sumassii,  159. 
Traskei,  160. 
Limnea 

Adelinse,  160. 

apicina,  160,  0  210,  0  316. 

appressa,  159. 

auricularia,  0  222. 

bulimoides,  116,  160. 

cataracta,  93. 

catascopium.  160. 

cornea,  160. 

desidiosa,  93,  116. 

elodes,  90,  160. 

elongata,  159. 

emarginata,  85,  160. 

exigua,  120. 

exilis,  159. 

expansa,  160. 

ferruginea,  160,  0  265,  0  316, 

fragilis,  116,  159,  160. 

Gebleri,  0  222. 

Haydeni,  159. 

humilis,  1 16. 

jugularis,  85,  159. 

lepida,  159,0  209,  0  213. 

leucostorna,  0  222. 

megasoina,  93. 

Nuttalliana,  160,  0  198,  0  316, 

V  220. 

Ontariensis,  160. 
pallida,  120,  160. 
palustris,  90,  116,  160,  169, 

0  222. 

pinguis,  1 60. 
plebeia,  160. 
proxima,  120,  160. 
reflexa,  159. 
sericata,  160. 
serrata,  160. 
solida,  1 60. 
speciosa,  159. 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Limnea 

atagnalis,  93,  159,  0  222. 

Sumassii,  90,  159. 

Traskei,  160. 

truncatula,  0  222. 

umbrosa,  85,  159,  0  210,  0  316. 

ventricosa,  0  213. 

Virginiana,  160. 
Limnaea.     See  Limnea. 
Limnaeus.     See  Limnea. 
Limaea 

subauriculata,  169. 
Lingula 

albida,  122,  0  207,  0  298. 
Liocardium 

apicinum,  23,  104,  211,  261. 

crueritatum,  128. 

elatum,  27,  97,  128,  152,  0  248. 

Elenense,  170. 

Mortoni,  168. 

substriatum,  21,  128,  168,  170. 
Lioconcha         .     . 

hieroglypica,  101. 
Liostraca 

distorta,  0   335,  0   363,  0    366, 

P44L 

var.  yod,  0  260,  P  441. 

fulvocincta,  P  440. 

involuta,  193. 

iota,  33,  37,0  335,  P44I. 

? var.  retexta,  0  260,  P 

440. 

linearis,  193,  0  260,  P  440. 
producta,  33,  193,  260. 
recta,  33, 193,  260,  0  260,  0  335, 

P439- 

retexta,  33,  37,  39,  192. 
solitaria,  33,    193,  260,    0  260, 

0  335,  P  439- 
Liotia 

acuticostata,  98,  138. 
carinata,  0  253,  0  322,  P  248. 
C-B-Adatusii,  0    253,  0  322,  P 

249. 

fenestrata,  98,  138. 
striulata,  0  253,  0  322,  P  248. 


Lithodomus 

aristatus,  38,  47,  50,  P  126. 
attenuatus,  38,  47. 
calyculatus,  50. 
caudigerus,  47,  50,  P  127. 

var.  P  124. 

cinnamoraeus,  50,  P  129. 
cinnamoniinus,  50. 
coarctata,  50. 
Cumingianus,  50. 
faleatus,  50,  0  227,  U  202. 
Gruneri,  50. 
lithophagus,  P  127. 
pessulatus,  50. 
plumula,  38,  50. 

var.  50. 

subula,  50. 
teres,  50. 
Lithophagus 

aristatus,  23,   107,    199,  0  249, 

o  297,0  310,0.363,0  365, 

P  126,  P  128. 

aristatus,  var.  gracilior,  P  129. 
aristatus,  var.  tumidior,  P  125, 

P  129,  0  249. 
attenuatus,   26,    130,   152,    199, 

0  233,0  248,0  309,  O  351, 

P  124,  P  127. 
calyculatus,  0  249,  0  309,  P 

124. 

caudigerus,  0  363,  0  365. 
cinnamomeus,  72,   200,  0    174, 

0   234,  0  249,  0  309,  0  363, 

P  127,  P  129. 
dactyl  us,  0  174. 
falcatas,  0  229,  0  232,  0  234, 

U  202. 
Gruneri,  0   227,  0    229,  0   232, 

0  350,  U  202. 

Isevigatus,  P  125. 

plumula,    107,    130,    199,    256, 

0  249,  0  310,  P  125,  P  128. 
mgiferus,  P  125. 
Litiopa 

divisa,  0  288,0  350,  Q  234. 
saxicola,  190, 0  273,  P  369,  Q  234. 


INDEX   OP    SPECIES. 


65 


Litorina 

aberrans,  60,  0  1 86,  0  326. 
angiostotna,  188,  0  273. 
angulifera,  U  205, 
aspera,    24,    152,    188,    0     162, 
0    1 86,  0  216,  0  224,  0   230, 
0  235,  0  237,  0  257,  0  273, 
0   286,  0  326,  0  348,  P  348, 
P  349,  P  350,  P  536,  P  540- 
aspera,  var.  0  273,  P  349. 
atrata,  36,    188,   190,  0   273,  0 

326. 

castanea,  20. 
cincta,  17. 

conspersa,  24,  27,  60,  108,  188, 
189,0208,0237,0257,0326, 
P  346,  P  347,  P  348,  P  349- 

var.  0  230,  0  273. 

coronata,  0  297,  0  326. 
dubiosa,  32,  188. 
excavata,  188,  0  273. 
fasciata,   27,    152,    188,    189,    0 
177,  0  208,  0  237,  0  257,  0 
273,  0    296,    0    326,    0    352, 
P  35 1,  P  540. 
foveata,  188,  0  273. 
grandis,   19,   0    215,   0   220,   0 

223. 

Groonlandica,  70. 
iostoma,  35. 
irrorata,  51. 
Kurila,  19,  0  215,  0  220,  0  223, 

0  326. 
lepida,   17,    142,  0  209,  0  326, 

0348. 

litoren,  19,  0  176. 
maculata,  35. 
megasoma,  188,  0  273. 
modesta,  51,  84,  0  216,  0  224, 
0  237,  0  257,  0  286,  0  326, 
P  340,  P  347- 
var.  modesta,  141. 
xnuricata,  0  222. 
neritoides,  0  222. 
parvnla,  32,  36,  188,  0  273,  0 
295,  0  326. 
5 


Litorina 

patula,  17,84,  141,0  209,  0  212, 

O  213. 

Pedroana,  76,  118. 
phasianella,  0  273,  0  295. 
Philippii,  24,  32,  36,  1 08,  188, 

0  257,  0  273,  0  326,  0  364, 

P349- 

Philippii,  var.  dubiosa,  0  273. 
,  var.  penicillata,  104, 109, 

216. 
planaxis,  17,  23,  27,  84, 141,  151, 

0  200,  O  209,  O  212,  0  224, 

0  230,  0  235,  0  326,  0  349, 

P  348,  P  349,  V  226. 
plena,  17,  71,  76,  79, 142,  0  209, 

0  213,  0  326. 
pulchra,  48,   61,   189,  0   160,  0 

273,  0326,  P  351. 
pullata,  32,  104,  216. 
punctata,  P  346. 
puncticulata,  189,  0  230,  0  257, 

0  273,  P  346,  P  347. 
porcata,  O  186,  0  326,  0  360. 
pusilla,  0  230. 
rudis,  84,  141,  0  222. 
scabra,  P  351. 

scutellata,  0  213,  0  326,  0  348. 
scutulata,    17,  23,     84,    142,   O 
.   209. 
Sitchana,    17,    19,    20,   84,   141, 

O  216,  0  223,  0  286,  0  326. 
squalida,  0  176. 
sulcata,  84,  141. 
subtenebrosa,  19,  84,  141,  0  215, 

0  220,  0  223. 
tenebrata,   13,  O  200,  0  230,  V 

226. 
varia,   48,    188,    189,    0  273,   0 

326. 

zebra,  P  348. 
ziczac.  0  364,  P  348. 
(ziczac,  t-ar.)  lineata,  104,  216. 
Livona 

pica,  0    225,  0    228,  0   321,    0 
350. 


66 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Livona 

picoides,  21,  23,  100,  138. 
Lophyrus 

Adamsii,  198,  265. 
albolineatus,   0    252,  O   317,    0 

352,  P  191,  P  193. 
articulatus,  O  3,  0  251,  0  317, 

P  190,  P  192,  P  193,  P  199. 
dispar,  6317. 
Goodallii,  O  317,  O  360. 
laevigatus,  0  317,  0  352,  P  191. 
striato-squamosus,0  252,0  317, 

P  192,  P  196. 
Stokesii,      153,      198,     266,    0 

3J7. 

sulcatus,  0  317,  0  360. 
tenuisculptus,  198. 
Lottia 

conica,  79. 

gigantea,  26,  47,  136,  151,309, 

P  199. 
mitra,  79. 
pallida,  O   177,  0   199,  O  215, 

V  222. 

patina,  37,  79,  197,  268,  0  252, 

0  276,  0>84,  P  203. 
pintadina,    31,   0    173,    0    209, 

0  211,  P  203,  P  208,  V  221. 
punctata,  0  174,  O  215,  P  209, 

V222. 

scabra,  79,  0  199,  O  284,  P  209, 

V222. 

spectrum,  79,  O  284. 

testudinalis,  0  211. 

textilis,  0  209. 

viridula,  0  210. 
Lucapina 

alta,  P  221. 

crenulata,  27,  45,  76,  137,  151, 
O  i,  0  174,  0  199,  O  320, 
0  349,  V  223. 

insequalis,  P  220. 

pica,  P  220. 
Lucina 

acutelirata,  97. 

acutilineata,  129,  165,  0  367. 


Lucina 

anuulata,  0  248,  0  289,  0  307, 

P  96,  P  97. 
Artemidis,  128,  0  227,  O  308, 

U  201. 
bella,  102,   128,  151,  O    197,  0 

234,  0307,  0  351,  V  218. 
borealis,    97,    129,    168,  O    167, 

P96. 

cselata,  0  248,  P  102,  P  103. 
calculus,  0  187,  P  96,  P  100. 
California,  22,  25,  26,  86,  128, 

151,0    197,  0    234,  0   307,  0 

35i,  V  218. 
cancellaris,  106,  0  224,  0  248, 

0  307,  P  99,  P  534- 
Candeaua,  O  364,  P  103. 
capax,  39. 

carnaria,  0  245,  P  40. 
Childreui,  8. 
commutata,  P  99. 
cowpressa,  8. 
cornea,  O  187,  P  103. 
corrugata,  0  203. 
cristata,  14,  0  203,  0  245,  P  39. 
eburnea,  23,  106',  0  187,  O  248, 

0  308,  P  101. 
excavata,  23,  106,  0  248,  0  308, 

PgS. 

fenestrata,  0  207,  0  297,  0  308. 
fibula,  0  187,  P  96,  P  99. 
glacialis,  0  327. 
lenticula,  165. 
lentilaria,  47. 
lingualis,  104,  211. 
Mazatlanica,  97,  0  248,  0  307, 

P  99,  P  530. 

muricata,  0  249,  0  307,  P  98. 
Nuttallii,  78,  128,  0  197,  0  307, 

0351,  V2i8. 
obliqua,  60. 
occidentalis,  P  96. 
orbella,    30,    78,  0   227,  0   229, 

0  284,  U  202,  V  218. 
pecten,  0  197,  0  364,  P  99. 
pecten,  var.  V  218. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


67 


Iiucina 

pectinata,   23,    102,    128,     154, 

0  248,  O  308,  0  364,  P  98. 
pisum,  60. 
prolongata,   0    248,    0    308,  P 

100. 
punctata,   47,    O    '74,   0    187, 

0  232,  0  248,  0  307,0  351, 

0  352,  P  96,  P  97.; 
reticulata,  P  99. 
scabra,  9. 

semireticulata,  0  248,  P  102. 
serricata,  P  104. 
squamosa,  P  99. 
telliuoides,  201,  0  279. 
tenuisculpta,  88,  97,  128. 
tigerina,  63,  153,  0  243,  0  248, 

0  282,  0  308,  0  350,  0  363, 

P  96,  P  97. 
undata,  272. 
unifasciata,  U  205. 
Lucinopsis 

subquadrata,  P  62. 
undata,  Q  231. 
Lunatia 

algida,  17,0336,0348. 

aperta,  71. 

Bonplandi,  0  337. 

caurina,  9,  147,  0  336,  0  348. 

flava,  0  336. 

Gallapagosa,  0  337,  0  360. 

herculaea,    17,    147,    0    336,    0 

348. 

heros,  168. 
impervia,  0  336. 
Lewisii,  17,  23,  25,  82,  101,  147, 

1 68,  0  336. 
lurida,  0  337. 
otis,  0  337,  0  360. 
pallida,  71,  H7,  l69- 
pallidoides,  71. 
ravida,  60. 
septentrionalis,  71. 
soluta,  9,  147. 
tenuilirata,  214,  0  261,  0  337, 

P451- 


Luponia 

albuginosa,  27,  32,  109. 

fimbriolata,  154. 

nigropunctata,  0  328,  0  360. 

semipolita,  154. 

Sowerbyi,  27,  109. 

spadicea,  9,  23,  143. 

spurca,  32,  0  328. 
Lutraria 

caualiculata,  0  211. 

capax,  11,  86,  0  209,  0  213, 
0  219. 

carinata,  0  211. 

elegans,  204,  0  280. 

inflata,  0  296. 

lineata,  61. 

maxima,  n,  17,  86,  0  192,  0 
209,  0  219,  0  224,  0  300. 

nasuta,  0  232. 

Nuttallii,  61,  69. 

papyria,  81.   . 

transmontana,  81. 

Traskei,  76. 

undulata,  0  211,  0  227,  0  232, 
0  280,  U  200. 

veutricosa,    29,  0    211,  0    227, 
0  232,0  246,  P  51,  P  548,  U 
200. 
Lutricola 

alta,  22,  80,  81,  125,  301. 

Dombeyi,  40,  301. 

ephippium,  301. 

viridotincta,  105. 
Lymneea.     See  Limnea. 
Lyonsia 

arenosa,  73. 

bracteata,  124,  0  300. 

Californica,  22,  26,  124,  167, 
0  194,  0  226,  0  300,  O  349, 
0  351,  U  199,  V  211. 

cuneata,  Q,  229. 

diaphana,  40,  0  284,  0  287, 
0  301,  Q  228. 

flabellata,  73. 

Floridana,  119,  124,  169. 

gibbosa,  0  222. 


68 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


Lyonsia 

hyalina,  20,  167,  O  194. 
infiata,  40,  105,  0  193. 
naviuula,  73,  91. 
nitida,  124,  0  194,  0  297,0  300, 

U  199,  V  211. 
Norvegica,  20,  71,    73,   0    219, 

0  222,  O  223. 
picta,  105,  0  184,  0  245,  0  301, 

0  358,  0  364,  P  26. 
plicata,  0  364. 
saxicola,  91. 
striata,  0  222. 
ventricosa,  73. 
Lyria 

Cumingii,  40. 
harpa,  24,  40. 

Machaera 

costata,  20,  73,  87,  O  219, 0  222, 

0  223,  0  301. 
lucida,  72,  124,  O    195,  O   301, 

V  211. 

maxima,  0  195. 
Nuttalli,  5,  O  349. 
patnla,   12,  20,  22,  26,  72,   87, 

124,  154,  251. 
sodalis,  73. 
Mac  o  ma 

calcarea,  70,  125. 

concinna,  202. 

crassula,  235. 

Dombeyi,  202. 

edentula,  12,  70,  113,  125. 

edulis,  12,  86,  125. 

(fivzr.)  expansa,  88,  125. 

Fabricii,  125. 

fragilis,  125. 

fusca,  167. 

inconspicua,  12,  18,  20,  86,  125, 

167. 

indentata,  97,  125. 
inquinata,  II,  80,  97,  125,  168. 
lata,  70,  88,  125. 
nasuta,  20,  22,  26,  71,  125. 
proxima,  70,  88. 


Macotna 

secta,  12,  22,  26,  86,  125,  151. 
solidula,  39,  125,204. 
sordida,  70. 
Suesoni,  70. 
teiiera,  O  221. 
tersa,  125. 

yoldiforuris,  88,  97,  125. 
Macro  ceramus 

polystreptus,  45. 
Macrocyclis 

Newberryana,  157. 
(?rar.)  sportella,  157. 
Vancouverensis,  157. 
Macron 

Kellettii,  40,  102,  150,  151. 
lividus,  100,  150,  151. 
Mactra 

alata,  P.  50. 
albaria,  76. 
angnlata,  0  229,  0  246,  0  282, 

0  289,  0  297,  0  304,  P  52, 

S  161. 

augusta,  O  287,  0  289,  0  304. 
Brasiliana,  0  211,  0  246,  P  51. 
Californica,  26,  0    196,  0    229, 

0  232,  0  287,  0  289,  0  304, 

0  349,  V  214. 
canaliculata,  0  364. 
carinata,  0  364,  P  50. 
carinulata,  0  289,  P  52. 
Diegoana,  76. 
donaciformis,  0  289. 
elegans,  0    174,  0   227,  0   280, 

O   282,  O   284,  0  289,  0  304, 

0  352,  0  364,  U  200. 
exoleta,  O   208,  0   211,  0   227, 

0  232,  0  246,  O  280,  0  364, 

P   50,  P   51,  P   52,  U   200,  V 

214. 

falcata,  0  209.  0  232,  0  304. 
fragilis,  0    243,  0   246,  0   304, 

0363,  P  5'- 

Gabiotensis,  82. 

goniata,  0287,0304,  P  52. 

laciniata,  0  284,  0  304,  S  161. 


INDEX   OP   SPECIES. 


Mactra 

maxima,  0  192. 

'mendica,  0  227,  P  549,  U  200. 

modesta,  152. 

nasuta,  0  211,  0  232,0  304, 
0352. 

Nuttallii,  0  194. 

oblonga,  0  246,  P  51. 

ovalina,  0  246,  P  51. 

ovalis,  0  219,  0  221,  0  223, 
0  304. 

pallida,  0  175,  0  304. 

planulata,  25,  0  196,  0  304, 
0  349,  V  214. 

ponderosa,  0  221. 

similis,  0  178,  0  192,  0  221. 

stultorum,  P  531. 

subglobosa,  0  1/5. 

undulata,  U  200. 

velata,  204, 0  280,  0  295,  0  304. 
Mactrella 

alata,  154. 

exoleta,  29, 126,  204. 

carinata,  154. 

lacinata,  0  284,  S  161. 
Maera 

Gouldii,  301. 

salmonea,  113,  125,  235. 
Malea 

crassilabris,  0  171,0  178,  0"  238, 
0  269. 

latilabris,  0  171,  0  238,  0  269, 
O  292,  0  337. 

riugens,  24,  34,  80,  no,  152, 
153,  166,  179,  0  171,  O  238, 
O  282,0  288,  0337. 

riugens,  var.  0  238. 
Mamma 

uberina,  P  452. 
Mangelia 

acuticostata,  36,  184,  O  284, 
0332,  P40i,  S  162. 

acuticostata,  var.  subangulata, 
O  259,  P  400. 

albolaqueata,  273. 

angulata,  23,  89,  144,  284. 


Mangelia 

attenuata,  144. 

cerea,  24,  294. 

concinna,  0  332. 

crebricostata,  114,  144,  242. 

exigua,  184. 

gemmulosa,  184. 

hamata,  24,  293,  294. 

interfossa,  114,  144,  242. 

levidensis,  89,  144. 

neglecta,  36,  184,  0  272,  0  332, 

P  401,  S  163. 
plumbea,  0  332. 
pulchella,  24. 
rigida,  S  163. 
var.  fuscoligata,  0  284, 

S  163,  S  164. 
septangularis,  144 
striosa,  0  284,8  163. 
subdiaphana,  24,  104,  154,  218. 
sulcata,  34,  259. 
sulcosa,  185,  0  272,  0  332. 
tabulata,  114,  144,  242. 
variegata,  23,  144,  284. 
(?variegata,  var.)    nitens,    144, 

284. 
Margarita 

acuminata,  47. 

acuticostata,  98,  139. 

albula,  73. 

arctica,    19,    73,    322,    O    216, 

O  220,  0  223,  0  321. 
argeutata,  71. 
calostorna,    18,   40,  139,  0   286, 

O  321. 

cidaris,  113,  139,  238. 
var.  conica,  139. 
costellata,  18,  40,  47,  92. 
Groenlandica,  0  216. 
helicina,    71,    113,    139,  169,  0 

216. 

Hillii,  28,  0  240. 
iantbina,  73. 
inflata,  89,  139. 
lirulata,  82,  139. 
mustelina,  73. 


70 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Margarita 

obscura,  70. 

var.  obsoleta,  139. 

pupil  la,  25,  40,  47,  92,  98,  139. 

pnrpurata,  28,  0  240. 

pusilla,  89. 

(? 'var.)  salmonea,  98,  139. 

Schantarica,  73. 

sordida,  0  216. 

striata,   47,    71,  0    176,  0   216, 
0  223,  0  321. 

var.  subelevata,  139. 

sulcata,  0  216,  O  223,  O  321. 

var.  tenuisculpta,  89,  139. 

urnbilicalis,  0  176. 

undulata,  47,  98,  139. 

Vahlii,  89,  139,  169. 
Margaritana 

margaritifera,  85,  116,  120,  164. 
Margaritiphora 

albina,  P  149. 

barbata,  199. 

firnbriata,  27,  50,  107,  153,  199, 
O  161,  O  249,  O  277,  O  282, 

03",  P  550. 
margaritifera,  P  149. 
Mazatlanica,  199,  O  249,  O  296, 

0  311,  P  149,  P  196. 
radiata,  P  149. 
Marginella 

ccerulea,  0  363  :  [should  be — ] 
coerulescens,    15,    24,   35,    177, 

0  189,  O  339,  O  365. 
curta,  0  296,  O  339. 
cypneola,   45,   0    267,   O    285, 

0339- 

glans,  15,  177. 
graitum,  0  267 
imbricata,  O  2262  0  285,  O  297, 

339- 
Jewettii,   23,   147,  287,   O   228, 

0  339,  0  349,  U  207. 
Lavalleana,  P  461. 
margaritula,    0     261,    0     339, 

0  364,  P  462. 
minima,  O  364,  P  461. 


Marginella 

minor,    no,    147,    177,   0    261, 

O  267,  0  339,  0  364,  P  461. 
ovuliformis,  0  261,  0  364,  P  462. 
polita,    23,   24,   0   261,  0   339, 

P462. 
prunuin,    7,  15,    177,  0    189,  0 

206,   O   282,   0   339,   0    363, 

0365. 

regularis,  23,  147,  287. 
sapotilla,    15,    35,    177,   O    189, 

0  206,  0   231,  0   267,  0  282, 

0  339,  O  363- 
subtrigona,  23,  147,  287. 
Marinula 

Recluziana,  0  275. 
Marmorostoma 
planospira,  35. 
undulata,  10. 
Martesia 

intercalata,  114,  123,  151,0244, 

0  299,  P  13. 
Megalomastoma 

simulacrum,  45. 
Meioceras.     See  Mioceras. 
Melampus 

acutus,  0  315. 

Adamsianus,  S  161. 

bidentatus,  P  178. 

Bridgesii,  O  284,  O  315,  S  161. 

concinuus,  0  315. 

fasciatus,  44. 

infrequens,  O  315. 

olivaceus,    107,    133,    151,    159, 

O   233,0   251,0   284,0  315, 

O  351,  P  178. 
Panamensis,  O  315. 
stagnalis,  0  315. 
Tabogensis,  0  315. 
trilineatus,  O  315. 
Melania 

bulbosa,  163,  O  209,  0  325. 
Buschiana,  51. 
exigua,  163,  O  283. 
fnsca,  163. 
Gouldii,  O  325. 


INDEX   OP    SPECIES. 


n 


Melania 

Largillierti,  0  265. 
'  maxima,  0  286. 
Menkeana,  163. 
Newberryi,  120,  163. 
nigrina,  51,  120,  163. 
occata,  120,0  206, 0  211,0  325. 
plicata,  0  211,  O  325. 
plicifera,    18,    84,   92,    116,  163, 

0  210,  0  213,  0  325. 
polygonata,  0  286. 
rudens,  92. 
seuiinalis,  120. 
Scipio,  51. 

Shastaensis,  120,  163. 
Shortaensis,  84. 
silicula,    84,   92,    163,    0    209, 

0325- 

siliqua,  0  209. 
striata,  6,  162. 
subnodosa,  0  265. 
Wahlamatensis,     163,    0     211, 

0325- 

Wavderiana,  163. 
Melaraphe 

fast-iata,  P  351. 

phasianella,  31,  37,  192. 
Meleagrina 

fimbriata,  O  296,  P  550. 

Mazatlanica,  P  149,  P  151. 
Melongena 

occidentalls,  35. 
Membranipora 

calpensis,  P  2. 

denticulata,  O  243,  0  298,  P  I. 

Flemingii,  34,  256. 

gothica,  0  243,  0  298,  P  2. 

Lacroixii,  P  2. 

Rozieri,  P  2. 

Savartii,  P  2. 
Menetus 

opercularis,  161. 
Mercenaria 

Ducatellii,  77. 

orientalis,  69. 

perlaminosa,  77. 


Mercenaria 

Stimpsoni,  69,  73. 
Meretrbc 

Californiana,  75« 
Dariena,  77. 
impudica,  P  70. 
petichialis,  P  70. 
Poulsoni,  75. 
Tularena,  75. 
uniomeris,  75. 
Uvasana,  75. 
Mesalia 

lac  tea,  89,  141. 

lacteola,  89,  93,  141,  166,  169. 
subplanata,  89,  141. 
tenuisculpta,  98,  141. 
Mesembrinus 
excelsus,  158. 
inscendens,  158. 
pallidior,  158. 
Mesodesma 

rubrotinctum,  78. 
Mesodon 

Columbianus,  157. 
devius,  157. 
Meta 

cedonulli,  53. 
coniformis,  53. 
Dupontiae,  53. 
ovuloides,  53. 
Metula 

Hindsii,  0  342. 
Miltha 

Children!,  106. 
Mioceras 

cornubovis,  X  439,  X  443. 
cornucopias,  X   429,  X  439,   X 

440,  X  443. 

nitidum,  X  438,  X  443. 
Miodon 

orbicularis,  236. 

prolongatus,  97,  113,  128,  168, 

236. 
Miralda 

lac  n  n  at  a,  33,  P  414. 
quinquecincta,  33,  P  414. 


72 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Miralda 

scalariformis,  33,  P  413. 
Mitra 

amphorella,  P  461. 

attenuata,  0  188,  0  339. 

auriculoides,  0  231. 

babea,  0  171,  O  339. 

Belcheri,  0  2o5,  0  339. 

Chilensis,  13,  147. 

crassideus,  0  175. 

crenata,  no. 

Dapontii,  0  231,  0  239,  0  261, 

P466. 

effusa,  O  185,  O  338. 
foraminata,  0  231. 
funiculata,    24,    177,  0    267,   0 

339- 

gausapata,  O  186,  0  339,  0  361. 
grannlosa,  177,  O  364. 
gratiosa,  0  186,  0  339,  0  361 
Haneti,  62. 

Hindsii,  O  207,  O  208,  0  339. 
lens,  24,  28,  177,  0  231,  O  239, 

0  261,  0  267,  0  338,  P  460, 

P545- 
maura,    13,    147,    170,   O    201, 

O  338,  0  349,  V  227. 
xnnricata,  0  339,  O  361. 
nucleola,  24,  no,  177,  O   267, 

O  338,  0  364. 
orientalis,  13,  147. 
pica,  0  231. 
solitaria,  no,  177,  0  267,  O  284, 

0339- 

sulcata,  0  188. 

tristis,  177,  0  185,0  267,  P  461. 
Mitrella 

cribraria,  P  487. 
Mitromorpha 

aspera,  144. 

filosa,  144,  284. 

effusa,  144. 
Modelia 

striata,  118,  240. 
Modiola 

Adamsiana,  38. 


Modiola 

attenuata.  P  124. 
Brasiliensis,  18,  23,  38,  47,  50, 
152,  153,  199,  0   248,  0  277, 

0    309,  0    363,   P     121,    P     122, 

P55°- 
Brasiliensis,    var.    mutabilis,   0 

248,  P   122. 

Californiensis,  0  174. 

capax,  23,  27,38,  50,  78,  85,  107, 
129,  152,  153,  199,  0  197, 
0  232,  0  236,  O  241,  0  248, 
0  282,  0  284,  O  296,  0  351, 
0  352,0  353,0  358,0  361, 
0  366,  P  121,  V  218. 

caudigera,  0  249,  P  127. 

Chenuana,  P  123. 

cinnamomea,  63,  P  129. 

contracta,  76. 

cultellns,  0  203,  0  223. 

discrepans,  0  211. 

divaricata,  0  234. 

elongata,  0  211,  0  309. 

flabellata,    13,    18,'  85,   0    213, 

0309. 

var.  130. 

flabellum,  0  234. 
fornicata,  22,  129,  280. 
Gibbsii,  0  218. 
grandis,  0  218. 
Guyanensis,  0  248,  P  122. 
inodiolus,  22,   26,  85,  129,   169, 

0  218,  0  223,  0  309,  0  366, 

P   121. 

nigra,  0  223. 

nitens,    21,    50,    102,   0    227,  0 

309,  0  349. 
opifex,  123. 
papuana,  0  218. 
plumula,  P  125. 
recta,  13,  18,  22,  76,  129,  0  197, 

0  229,  0  349,  V  218. 
semifusca,  38,  47,    199,  0  248, 

0  277,  P   122. 

semilsevis,  0  236,  P  539. 
spinifera,  P  121. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


Modiola 

subparpurea,  21,  50. 

'sulcata,  P  119. 

vernicosa,  0  223. 

vulgaris,  0  211. 
Modiolaria 

corrugata,  71. 

discors,  0  218. 

Ijevigata,  88,  130,  169,  0  218. 

lacvis,  0  218. 

marmorata,  88,  130,  169. 

nigra,  71,  0  218,  0  221. 

vernicosa,  0  218,  0  221. 
Modulus 

carchedonicus,   0    286,    0  364, 
P  352. 

catenulatus,  27,  109, 191,  0  230, 
0  233,  0  257,  0  274,  0  326, 

0  364,  P  353. 
cerodes,  152. 
disculus,  27,    36,    192,    0    202, 

0   225,  0  226,  0  230,  0  233, 

0   257,  O   326,  0   364,  P  353, 

U  205. 
dorsuosus,    21,   0   226,  0    228, 

0    230,  0   257,  0   326,  P  353, 

11205. 
duplicatus,  0  226. 

var.  0  257,  P  253. 

lenticularis,  21,  0  226. 

lividus,  0  274. 

trochiformis,  0    202,  0    257,  P 

352. 

unidens,  P  352. 
fMormula  .,  : 

unifasciata,  33,  P  433. 
Monoceros 

brevidens,    13,    149,    0    201,    0 

285,  O  340,  \7  229. 
brevidentatum,  25,  179,  0  191, 

0   231,  0   235,  0   269,  0  283, 

0341. 
cingulatum,  29,  48,  180,  0  171, 

0   188,  0  238,  0  269,  P  457, 

P  458,  P  542. 
cornigeruin,  0  341. 


Monoceros 

crassilabrum,  0  171,  0  235. 
cyinatum,    48,    0    174,    0     177, 

0  235,  0  285,  0  294. 
engonatuin.  83,  102,  149,  0  201, 

0  340,  0  349,  V  228. 
globulus,  0  235. 
grande,  0   177,  0   188,  0  204,  0 

294,  0  341,  0  361. 
lapilloides,   13,  83,  149,  0  201, 

0  231,  0  340,  0  349,  V  229. 
Ingubre,  10,  14,  48,  76,  151,  153, 

0  177,  0   178,  0  285,  0  294, 

0  341. 

var.  152. 

maculatum,    0    177,   0   201,   0 

341,  V  229. 
muricatura,  0  191,0  234,0  238, 

P  458,  P  476,  P  542. 
plumbeum,  35. 
punctatum,    83,  149,  0    177,  0 

201,    0   231,    0    235,    0    293, 

V229. 

punctulatum,  0  201,  V  229. 

?var.  spiratum,  149. 

tuberculatuin,    0    234,    0    341, 
0352. 

unicarinatum,  83,  149,   0   201, 
0  231,  0  235,  0  285,  0  293, 
V  229. 
Monodonta 

carchedonia,  P  352. 

catenulata,  0  238. 

fusca,  35. 

modulus,  P  353. 

pyriformis,  0  228,  U  204. 

Sayii,  0  286. 
Montacuta 

chalcedonica,     34,    0     354,     P 

53i. 

dionsea,  257. 
divaricata,  73. 

elliptica,  0  248,  0  308,  P  113. 
obtusa,  34,  257. 
subquadrata,  0    248,  0    308,    P 

113,  P  114. 


74 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Mopalia 

acuta,  134. 

Blainvillei,  0  318,  0  351. 

Grayii,  89,  134. 

Hindsii,  13,  26,  89,  92,  0  318. 

imporcata,  89,  134. 

lignosa,  40,  134. 

Merckii,  134. 

Montereyeueis,  19,  134. 

muscosa,  23,  26,  92,  134. 

Simpsonii,  134,  0  3i8,.0  349. 

sinuata,  89,  134. 

Stimpsoni,  72. 

(?rar.)  Swauii,  113,  134,  238. 

vespertina,  134,  O  318,  0  348. 

Wosnesseuskii,  134. 
Morrisia 

Hornii;  118. 
Mormus 

pilula,  158. 

sufflatus,  158. 
Morum 

xantliostoma,  0  287. 
Morvilia 

zonata,  71. 
Mouretia 

Peruviana,  9. 

stellata,  0  185. 
Mucronalia 

involuta,  33,  259,  P  439. 

solitaria,  33,  37. 
Mulinia 

angulata,   23,  27,  76,  106,  204, 
0  246,  0  280,  P  52. 

carinulata,  152. 

densata,  80. 

donaciforaiis,  204,  0  246,  0  280, 
P  S2,  P  549- 

exalbida,  0  295. 

ventricosa,   204,  0  246,  0  280, 

P5i. 
Mumiola 

uodosa,  33,  P  417. 
oblonga,  33,  P  418. 
ovata,  33,  39,  P  417. 
rotundata,  33,  P  418. 


Murex 

acanlliopterus,  0  177. 
aculeatus,  0   179,  0  188,  0  238, 

0  271,  P  527. 
alatus,  0  173,  0  177. 
alveatus,  0  188,  P  527. 
ambiguus,  0  177,  0  237,  0  238, 

0  264,  0  271,  P  521,  P  543. 
amplustris,  4. 
anceps,  0  182. 
argus,  4,  0  177. 
argus,  var.  P  455. 
armatus,  0  226, 0  287,  0  344. 
Belcheri,  1 5, 60, 182, 0  205, 0351. 
bicolor,  119,0  172,0  234,0  235, 

0  238,  0  264,  0  352,  P   524, 

P  525,  P  543- 

var.  45. 

Boivinii,  0  182,  0  293. 
brassica,  0  174,  0  176,  0  177, 

0  234,  0  236,  .0  238,  0  264, 

P  523,  P  537,  P  543- 
Californicns,  0  205. 
centrifuga,  99,  0  205. 
ceratus,  0  179,  P  457- 
olathratus,  0  217. 
corneus,  0  217. 
corrugatus,  0  294. 
crassispina,  P  518. 
crispatus,  5,  8. 
dubius,   182,  0    179,   0    1 88,   0 

238,  0  271,  P  526,  P  543. 
ducalis,  0    176,  0   236,  0   238, 

0  264,  P  523. 
erinaceus,  .P  528. 
erinaceoides,  0  172,  P  527. 

var.  indentatus,  0  264. 

erosus,  182,0  182,  0  271,  0  345* 

0364. 
erythrostoma,  45,  0  238,  0  264, 

P  524. 

ferrugineus,  7,  0  173,  0  217. 
festivus,  83,  0  205. 
fimbriatus,  0  287. 
foliatus,3,5,6,  83,0  173,  0  177, 

0  235,  0  241,  0  293. 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Murex 

foveolatus,  0  205. 

funiculatus,  P  519,  P  520. 

glouius,  4,  5- 

hamatns,  0  208. 

hippocastanurn,  0  264,  P  524. 

horridus,  0  182,  0  293,  0  345. 

humilis,  0  208. 

imperialis,  45,  0  178,  P  524. 

incisus,  0  208. 

lactuca,  7,  0  173,  0  217,  0  223. 

var.  0  173. 

lappa,    0    182,    0    238,   0    264, 

P  526,  P  543- 
lima,  61. 
lividus,  0  345. 
lyratus,  5. 
macropterus,  0  203. 
melanoleucus,  42. 
melanoinathos,  6,  0  271. 
messorius,  0  238,  0  264,  0  294, 

0364,  P5i9,  P  520,  P  543- 

var.  P  519. 

miliaris,  P  485. 
inonoceros,  0  201,  0  293. 
monodon,    83,   0    173,    0    174, 

0177,0217,  0  223. 
montacilla,  0  294. 
multico^tatus,  7,  0  173,  0  217. 
nigrescens,  25,   0    264,  0    294, 

P5i9,  P520. 
nigritus,    60,  0    177,    0    237,  0 

238,   0    264,    0   354,   P   521, 

P  523,  P  530,  P  543- 

var.  0  238. 

nitidus,  O  182,  0  264,  P  523. 
nodatus,  10. 

nucleus,  O  182,  0  345,  O  361. 
Nuttalli,  0  201,  0  231,  0  293. 
mix,  0  191,  0  287,  P484. 
oxyacantha,  0  182,  0  208,  0  294. 
pauxillus,    0    264,    0    287,     P 

528. 

peritus,  O  205. 
Peruvianus,  7. 
phyliopterus,  48,  0  177. 


Murex 

pinniger,  0  235. 

plicatus,  28,  112,  0  185,  0  234, 

0  263,  0  345,  0  352,  P  518. 
pomum,  var.  45. 
ponderosus,  119. 
princeps,  0  264,  P  124,  P  523, 

P525- 

pumilus,  0  182,  0  345,  0  361. 
purpura,  4,  5,  0  177,  P  485. 
radix,   6,    182,   0    174.    O    177, 

0  271,  0  283,  P  521,  P  522. 
radicatus,  0  205,  0  264,  P  526. 
rectirostris,  182,  0   271,  0  294, 

0345,  P  5 19,  P  520. 
recurvirostris,  25,  28,  112,  182, 

0  182,  0  271,  0  345,  0  364,  P 

519,  P  520. 
var.    lividus,  0    264,    P 

519. 
regius,  182,  0  172,  0  174,  0  177, 

0    179,  0  264,  0  271,  0  283, 

P524. 

rigidus,  10,  0  179,  0  188. 
salebrosus,   182,  0  179,  0   238, 

0271,  0293,  P  485,  P  543. 
salmo,  10. 
sanguineus,  10. 
sexcostatus,  35. 

ternispina,  0  238,  P  518,  P  543. 
tortuus,  14. 
trialatus,  5,  0  192. 
tricolor,    119,  0    172,  0   264,0 

271,  P  525- 
trigouularis,  0  177. 
tripterus,  5,  6,  0  173. 
uncinatus,  P  335. 
unidentatus,  0    238,  P   519,   P 

543- 

vibex,  183,  O  182,  0  271. 
vittatns,  183,  0  271. 
vitulinus,  0  177,  0  262,  P  485, 

P486. 
Muricidea 

alveata,  155,  O  345. 
California,  149. 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Muricidea 

dubia,  25,   28,  112,   182,  274,0 

264,  0  345,  P  526- 
erinaceoides,  0  345. 
.  var.  indentata,  0  264,  0 

345,  P  527. 

erosa,  182. 

lactuca,  0  345. 

lappa,  0  264,  0  345,  P  526. 

pauxillus,   0     264,   0     345,   P 
528. 

perita,  0  345. 

pinuigera,  25. 

radicata,  0  345. 

var.  squamulata,  274. 

vibex,  25,  0  345. 

vittata,  183,  0  345. 
Musculus-polylepto-ginglymus 

Area-Nose,  33. 
Mya 

abrupta,  165,  0  367. 

arenaria,    69,    70,    74,    0    219, 
0  222,  0  223,  0  300. 

byssifera,  0  221. 

cancellata,  87. 

liyaliua,  0  222. 

Japonica,  74. 

Montereyana,  80. 

prsecisa,  17,  123,  0  209,  0  210, 
0  219,  0  300. 

suborbicularis,  P  105. 

subsinuata,  80. 

truncata,  17,70,  123,  168,  0  209, 
0  210,  0  219,  0  222,  0  223. 

Uddevalensis,  0  222. 
Myrtaea 

lenticula,  165. 
Mysia 

turaida,   12,  78,   129,  0   196,  V 
215. 

"sta,  73- 
Mytilimeria 

Nuttallii,  26,  87,    124,  O   194,  0 

301,  0  349,  V  211. 
Mytilus 

abbreviatus,  0  219. 


Mytilus 

Adainsianus,  41. 

bicolor,  P  122. 

bifurcatus,   12,  49,  129,  0  198, 

0  226,  0  309,  0  349,  V  219. 
borealis,  0  219. 
Brasilieiisis,  U  202. 
Californianus,  5,  22,  26,  72,  85, 

129,  0    192,  0  197,  0  212,  O 

234,   0    284,    0   309,    0   349, 

0351,  V  219. 
cinnamomeus,  P  129. 
coruscus,  73. 
Cuiningianus,  49. 
edulis,  1 8,    22,   26,    70,  72,    76, 

78,  85,  129,  151,  169,  0  192, 

0   197,  0   212,  0  219,  0  223, 

O  284,  0  309. 

rar.  102. 

var.  latissimus,  V  219. 

flabellatus,  18. 

frons,  6. 

glomeratus,  26,  49,  102,  129,  0 

212,    0   227,    0    234,    0   309, 

P   119,  U  202. 

Guiaensis,  0  277. 
Guyanensis,  P  122. 
humerus,  75. 
incurvatus,  0  219. 
Inezensis,  81. 
latissimus,  0  197. 
litliophagus  striatus,  P  126. 
xnultiforinis,   27,  41,    106,    199, 
200,    0    248,    0   309,    P    1 1 8, 

P  120,  U  202. 

normalis,  0  197. 
notatus,  0  219. 
palliopunctatus,  49,  106,  0  248, 

0  282,  0  309,  P  118,  P  119. 
Pedroanus,  76. 
pellncidus,  0  197,  0  219. 
retusus,  0  219. 
ropan,  0  249,  P  129. 
rugosus,  0  221. 
Sallei,  49. 
spleudens,  72,  73. 


INDEX    OF   SPECIES. 


Mytilus 

spatula,  0  236,  P  121,  P  538. 

•subsaxatilis,  0219. 

tenuiaratus,  P  118. 

trossulus,  18,  78,  129,  O  212. 
Myurella 

albocincta,  109,  0    258,  P  VI., 
P  384,  P  386. 

elata,  177. 

frigata,  0  360. 

Hindsii,  0  258,  P  385,  P  386. 

larvseformis,  177. 

rufocinerea,  32,  O  258,  P  386. 

simplex,  23,  100,  143,  285. 

subnodosa,  109,  0  258,  P  386. 

tuberculosa,  177. 

variegata,  109,  153. 

Nacella 

Asmi,  0  318. 

depicta,  21,   136,  0  227,  0  229, 

0  318,  0  349,  U  204. 
incessa,    23,    26,    136,    0    229, 

0318,0349- 

instabilis,  84,  136,  0  318. 

paleacea,  21,  23,  136. 

peltoides,  31,  104,  213. 

subspiralis,  98,  136. 

fvar.  triangularis,  98,  136. 
Naranio     \ 
(Narinio)  / 

scobina,  0  244,  0  300,  P  529. 
Narica 

anoinala,  P  355. 

aperta,  104,  215. 

cryptophila,  0  254,  0  323. 

Diegoana,  76. 

insculpta,  273. 

ovoidea,  0    228,  0    230,  P   355, 

11205. 

Narinio.     See  Naranio. 
Nassa 

acuta,  35,  O  263,  0  342,  0  366, 
P  497,  P  498. 

ambijzua,  155,  0  364. 

angulifera,  0  186,  0  342,  0  361. 


Nassa 

Californica,  155. 

canesceus,    35,    178,    0   268,   0 

342. 
collaria,  25,  155,  0  231,  O  268, 

0342. 
complanata,  25,   35,    151,    179, 

0  231. 

Coopevi,  28,  100,  148. 
corpulenta,  25,  28,  in,  0  231, 

O  268,  0  342. 
costellata,  0  167. 
crebristriata,    25,   34,    35,    179, 

0  263,  0  342,  0  351,  0  366, 

P499- 

crenulata,  0  222. 
decussata,  35,  178,  P  497. 
elegans,  17,  100,  148. 
exilis,  35. 

festiva,  0  185,  0  268,  0  342. 
fossata,  25,  27,  100,  148,  0  209, 

0342. 

gemmulata,  69. 
gernmulosa,  178,  0  263,  0  268, 

0  342,  P  498. 
Gibbesii,  17,  83,  148. 
glauca,  0  268,  0  342. 
incrassata,  0  167,  P  499. 
insculpta,  99,  102,  148. 
interstriata,  76,  100. 
lunata,  76. 
luteostoma,     28,    178,    0      176 

0  231,  0  255,  0  262,  0    268 

0    283,0  342,0   351,  P  494, 

P  496,  P  542. 
mendica,  17,  23,  25,  27,  28,  76, 

83,    148,  1 68,  0    209,  0    212, 

O  342,  O  348. 
mcesta,  0  206. 
nodicincta,   25,    153,   0    186,  0 

342. 
nodifera,    178,    0     185,   O    268 

0  342,  0  361,  P  496. 
nodocincta,  0  297,  O  361. 
nodu-lifera,  256,  P  496. 
Northise,  48,  61. 


78 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Nassa 

obsoleta,  179. 

pagodas,    25,   35,    178,   0    268, 

O  342,  P  552. 
( rar.)  acuta,  178,  0  263, 

P49S. 

pallida,  0  185,  0  342. 
Panamensis,   35,    179,    0    268, 

0  342. 

paapera,  35,  IOO>  W 
Pedroana,  76. 
perpinguis,  23,  27,  100,  147,  0 

206,  0  231,  0  342,  O  349. 
polygonata,  P  497. 
proxima,  34,  35,  179,  0  268. 
scabriuscula,    25,    28,    35,   179, 

0  185,  0  268,  0  342. 
Stimpsoniana,  25,  179. 
striata,  35,  100,  179,  0  268, 

0  342. 
tegula,  25,   in,   148,  151,   152, 

0  192,  0  262,  0  283,  0  342, 

0351,  P  496,  P  497. 
var.  nodulifera,  0  263, 

P496. 

tiarula,  0  192,  P  497. 
trivittata,    76,    83,    148,  168,  0 

209. 
versicolor,  25,  34,35,  IJI>  J79, 

0  231,  0  268,  0  342,  0  364, 

P499- 

var.  0  268. 

Wilsoni,  35,  179,  0  268,  0  342. 
Woodward!,  17,  28,  148. 
xanthostoma,  0   176,  0  262,  P 

495- 
Natica 

alabaster,  0  261,  0  292,  P  452. 

alapapilionis,  no. 

algida,  17,  0  210,  O  212. 

alveata,  75,  77. 

aperta,  0  216,  0  220,  0  223. 

Beverlii,  9. 

bifasciata,  0  192,  0  234,  0  235, 

0  292,  0  296,  0  336,  0  352. 
Bonplandi,  7,  0  170. 


Natica 

borealis,  0  177,  0  216,  0  220. 
var.    Californica,    193,    0    201, 

0336. 

canrena,  no,  0  235. 
catenata,  24,  no,  155. 
caarina,  0  209,  0  213,  0  348. 
Chemnitzii,  0  202.  0  21 1,  0  235, 

0  236,  0  240,  0  260,  0  274, 

0  292,  0  336,  P  449,  P  450, 

V  227. 
clausa,  9,  25,  71,  72,   147,    169, 

322,   0    176,   0   216,    0    220, 

0  223,  0  335- 
consolidata,  0  216,  0  220. 
Elense,  40. 
excavata,   40,    0    282,   0    336, 

S  165. 

flava,  19,  0  216,  0  223. 
Gallapagosa,  0  176,  0  185, 0  274. 
geniculata,  77. 
gibbosa,  75. 
glauca,  0    172,   0    190,  0    202, 

0  237,  P  540. 
Gouldii,  O  216,  0  220. 
Groenlandica,  O  216. 
Haneti,  40,  194,  0  230,  0  274, 

0336. 

helicoides,  8,  0  223. 
herculea,  84,  0  216,  0  224. 
heros,  0  211. 

ianthostoma,  0  203,  0  216. 
impervia,  0  348. 
Inezana,  82. 
interaerata,  0  286. 
intermedia,  P  448. 
iostorna,  0    235,  0    261,  P   449, 

R  450,  P  536. 
lactea,  0  216. 
Lewisii,  84,0  209,  0  211,  0  213, 

0  216,  0  284. 
lineata,  40,  S  165. 
lurida,   37,    193,  O   260,  O   274, 

P448. 

Moquiniana,  62. 
uaaroccana,   13,   27,   37,  63,  69, 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


79 


Natica 

1 10,   193,  0  201,  0  202,   0  211, 

'     0  230,  0  234,  0  236,  0  237, 

0  261,  0  274,  0  296,  0  336, 

0  352,  0  353,  0  360,  0  365, 

0  366,  P  448,  P  450,  P   536, 

P54Q. 
var.    24,  0    230,  0    235, 

0  240,  O  282. 

var.  Californica,  V  227. 

marochiensis,    63,    69,    0     261, 

P  448.        . 
Ocoyana,  77. 
oetites,  75. 
otis,  9,  37,  193,  0  176,  0   185, 

0  274,  0  296. 
ovum,    0    237,    0   261,    P    452, 

P54Q. 
pallida,  9,  0  176,  0  216,  0  220, 

0  223,  0  347. 
Panarnensis,  0  185. 
patula,  8,  0  170,  0  172,  0  190, 

0  202,  0  234,  0  237. 
perspicua,  0  292. 
plicatula,  0  201. 
Pritchardi,  0  240,  0  261,  0  336, 

P  449,  V  227. 
pusilla,  0  216. 
rapulum,  0  261,  P  452. 
Recluziana,  0  203,  0  208,  0  234, 

0  237,  P  540. 
rugosa,  61. 
russa,  72. 

Salangonensis,  0  274. 
sanguinolenta,  0  203. 
saturalis,  0  177,  0  216. 
saxea,  0  367. 

septentrionalis,  0  216,  0  220. 
semilunata,  75. 
severa,  72. 
Souleyetiana,  24,  37, 193,  0  230, 

0  274,  0  336. 
Taslei,  62. 

tessellata,  0  261,  P  449. 
uber,  7,  0   231,  0   274,  0   283, 

0292,  0351,  P  452. 


Natica 

uber,  var.  0  292. 

uberina,  0  185. 

unifasciata,  37,  72,  193,  0  230, 
0  261,  P  448. 

unimaculata,  0  292. 

variolaris,  35. 

vitrinelloides,  P  246. 
"  virginea,  37,  193,  0  274. 

zonaria,    24,    27,     no,    0    231, 

0336. 
Naticina 

scopulosa,  0  367. 
Nautilus 

angustatus,  0  367. 

zigzag,  0  367. 
Navarchus 

inermis,  95,  133. 
Navea 

subglobosa,  121. 
Neaplysia 

Californica,  133. 
Neaera 

costata,  0  207,  0  301. 

didyma,  0  207,  0  301. 

pectinata,  87,  88,  123. 
Neptunea       ) 
(Neptunaea)  ) 

badia,  60. 

castanea,  60. 

liarpa,  60. 

Icelandica,  73« 

incisa,  18. 

terebralis,  73. 
Nerita 

Bernhardi,  24,  27,  108,  152,  194, 
0  233,  0  237,  0  254,  0  274, 
0  282,  0  322,  0  352,  0  364, 
P257. 

costata,  0  274. 

Deshayesii,  194,  0  254,  0  274, 
0  322,  P  255,  P  256. 

elegans,  0  230. 

fulgurans,  61. 

funiculata,  O  237,  0  254,0  322, 
P  257,  P  540. 


80 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Nerita 

glaucina,  P  448. 
maroccaua,  P  448. 
marochiensis,  0  261,  P  448. 
multijugis,  0  233,  0  236,  0  237, 

0  254,  P  255,  P  536. 
ornata,  48,   194,  0   179,  0  237, 

0   254,  0  274,  0  322,  P  255, 

P  256,  P  540. 
papilionacea,  0  170. 
patula,  0  179. 
prsecognita,  0  283. 
scabricosta,  24,  27,  48,  62,  108, 

152,  194,  0  179,  0  230,  0  233, 

0  235,  0  254,  0  274,  P  255. 
scabriuscula,   0    192,  0    237,  0 

282. 

tessellata,  0  364,  P  257. 
textilis,  0  170. 
Neritina 

alata,  0  176. 

Californica,  0  291,  P  258. 
cassiculum,  0  4,  0  237,  0  254, 

0  275,  0  322,  P  258,  P  540. 
faba,  P  258. 
Fontaiueana,  P  259. 
globosa,  24,  0  182,  0  322. 
Guayaquilensis,  24,  194,  0  274, 

0  322,  P  259. 
harpaeformis,  0  230. 
intermedia,   24,    194,  0    182,  0 

274,  0  322. 

var.  0  182. 

latissima,  0  182,  0  322. 
Hasina,  P55L 

Listeri,  0  289,  0  291,  0  322. 
Michaud i,  0  189,  0  291,  O  322. 
picta,  24,  27,  0  4,  0  1 60,  0  182, 

0  192,  0  233,  0  235,  0  237, 

0  241,  0  254,  O  275,  0  283, 

0  322,  0  352,  0  364,  P  258, 

P  259,  P  540. 
pulchra,  0  188,  0  322. 
pusilla,  P  237. 
tritonensia,  0  182. 
virginea,  0  364,  P  258. 


!  Netastoma  •» 

(Netastomella)  J 

Darwinii,  15,  26,  91,   121,  123, 

170,  250. 
Neverita 

Cheinuitzii,  P  449. 
glauca,  1 10,  0  337. 
helicoides,  0  208. 
•     patula,  24,  27,  0  208,  0  337. 
Reclusiana,  147,  151,  152,  153, 

0  337,  0  349- 
Niothia 

getnmulosa,  P  498. 
Nitidella 

cribraria,   25,  28,  53,  in,  180, 
220,    0    262,    0   269,    0   296, 
0   341,  0  363,  0  365,  0  366, 
P  487,  P  493,  U  208. 
densiliueata,  105,  221. 
gausapata,  92. 
Gouldii,    21,    23,    53,    89,    149, 

0  228,  0  341,  0  349,  U  208. 
guttata,  0  363,  0  365. 
millepunctata,    105,     155,    220, 

221. 

pulclirior,  0  270,  O  341. 
Noetia 

reversa,  24,  31,  154,  155,  200. 
Northia 

pristis,  25,  48,  155,  0  294,  0  344. 

serrata,  61,  179,  0  344. 
Novaculina 

Caribbsea,  205. 
Nucula 

arctica,  O  175,  0  219,  0  223. 

castrensis,  14,  75,  91,  0  207,  0 
219,  0  223,  0  310. 

cselata,  0  207,  0  311,  0  349. 

Cobboldise,  91,  0  207. 

costelUta,  0  182. 

crispa,  0  207,  0  311. 

decisa,  75. 

divaricata,  14,  75,  91, 165,  0  207, 

0367- 

Elenensis,  200,  0  277. 
excavata,  0  207,  0  311. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


81 


Nucula 

exigua,    100,    0    249,  0    277,  0 

.     3",  Pi45- 
gibbosa,  0  182. 

var.  0  182. 

impressa,  0  367. 

insignis,  73. 

Lyallii,  91. 

lyrata,  0  207,  0  311. 

mirabilis,  73,  91. 

polita,    200,    0    182,   0    229,   0 

277. 
pygmsea,  0  223. 

Obeli  sous 

achates,  21,  24,  0  333,  U  206. 

Adarasii,  33,  37. 

bicolor,  0  296. 

clavulus,    21,   0    289,    0    333, 
U  206. 

conicus,  193,  0   259,  0   333,  P 
409. 

hastatus,  218. 

variegatus,  99,  104,  144,  219. 
Ocinebra 

var.  aspera,  149. 

erinaceoides,  25. 

interfossa,  89,  92,  114,  149. 

lurida,  25,  90,  92,  114,  149. 

var.  munda,  149. 

mix,  P  484. 

Poulsoni,  23,  149,  151,  316. 
Octopus 

megalocyathus,  118. 

punctatus,  99,  118,  150. 
Odostomia 

achates,  0  228,  0  230,  U  206. 

sequisculpta,  219. 

var.  avellana,  144,  243. 

canal iculata,  P  411. 

clavnlus,  0  228. 

conoidea,  0  228. 

conoidalis,  243. 

crebristriata,  T  170. 

delieatnla,  219. 

dolioliformis,  144. 
6 


Odostomia 

geinmulosa,  P  415. 

var.  Gouldii,  144. 

gravida,  23,  144,  0  228,  0  230, 

0  296,  0  333,  0  349,  P  413, 

U  207. 

inflata,  23,  114,  144,  145,  285. 
laraellata,    0     259,   0     333,    P 

411. 
mamillata,    36,    259,    0    259,  O 

334,  P4ii,  P4I2. 
nuciformis,  114,  144,  243. 
obeliscus,  0  230. 
satura,  114,  144,  243- 
straminea,  no,  145,  314. 
sublirulata,  145,  0  259,  0  333, 

P  410. 

subsulcata,  0  259,0  333,  P  411. 
tenuis,  0  259,  0  334,  P  412. 
tenuisculpta,  114,  145,  243. 
vallata,  0    259,  0   334,  0   364, 

P4ii,  P4I2. 
Odontidium 

levissimum,  X  436. 
rugulosum,    X   415,    X   425,   X 

426. 
CBdalia 

scintillaeforrais,  97. 
subdiaphana,  125,  302. 
Oliva 

aldinia,  63. 

angulata,  9,  24,  35,62,  153,  177, 

0  174,  0  231,  0  238,  0  261, 

0  268,  0  292,  P  463,  P  464, 

P  465,  P  544. 

anazora,  0  239,  O  292,  P  545. 
araneosa,  35,    63,    178,   O   261, 

0  268,  0  292,  0  364,  P  466. 
aureocincta,  35. 
auricnlaria,  63. 
azemula,  62,  0  292. 
bajtica,  var.  63. 
biplicata,  8,  10,  25,  79,  0  208, 

0    231,  0    235,0  284,  0  292, 

0352. 
Brasiliensis,  63. 


82 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Oliva 

caldania,  62,  63. 

Candida,  63. 

columellaris,  8. 

cruenta,  0  282. 

Cumingii,  n,  28,  34,   63,    153, 

0  191,  O  292,  O  339,  P  464. 
dama,  63,  0  292. 
Deshayesiana,  63. 
Duclosi,  0   261,  0   339,  O   366, 

P467. 

eburnea,  O  231,  O  234,  0  339. 
erytbrostoma,  62. 
fimbriata,  63. 
fusiformis,  63,  178. 
gracilis,  0  226,  P  461. 
hiatula,  0  262,  P  472. 
inconspicua,  178,  0  268,  0  364, 

P47<D. 
intertincta,    34,  0    261,  0   339, 

P465- 

intorta,  0  234. 
Julietta,   62,    154,    178,  0    188, 

0  238,  O  339,  P  466,  P  544- 
kaleontina,  154,  0  188. 
Levariana,  6. 
lineolata,  63,  178,  0  177,  0  178, 

0292,  P47i. 
literata,  178. 
manticbora,  62. 
Maria,  62. 
Melchersi,   28,   35,  in,  178,  0 

238,   0   261,   O   339,  0   364, 

P  464,  P  465,  P  466,  P  544. 
memnonia,  63. 
mutica,  63. 
neduliua,  63,  0  292. 
nivea,  0  268. 
obesina,  63,  0  292. 
onisca,  63. 
oriola,  63. 
oryza,  0  364. 
ozodona,  63,  0  292. 
pantherina,  0  238. 
pellucida,  34,  35,  178,  0  268. 
ipetiolita,  0  231,  P  470. 


Oliva 

pindarina,  62,  63,  0  292. 

plumbea,  0  231. 

polpaster,  1 1 , 0  1 88, 0  1 9 1 ,  0  339, 
P464- 

ponderosa,  62. 

porpbyria,  6,  24,  28,  48,  ill, 
152,  178,  0  168,  0  174,  0  234, 
0  238,  0  268,  0  282,  0  339, 
0  350,  0  352,  P  463,  P  544- 

propatula,  0  265,  V  209. 

purpurata,  63,  0  262,  P  471. 

razomola,  62,  63. 

reticularis,  62,  178,  0  292,  P 
464,  P  465,  P  466,  P  467- 

var.  0  261,  0  268,  P  466. 

rufifasciata,  63,  0  231. 

Scbumacheriana,  P  467. 

selasia,  62,  63. 

setnistriata,  9,  178,  0  268. 

splendidula,  8,  O  188,  0  234, 
0  235,  0  283,  0  297,  0  339, 

o  351,  o  352. 

Steerise,  63. 

subangulata,  28/34,    in,  152, 

P464- 
tergiua,  0    234,  0   236,  0   239, 

0  292,  P  469,  P  537,  P  544- 
testacea,    178,   0    171,   0    177, 

0  231,  0  235,  0  239,  0  265, 

0  268,  0  292,  P  472,  P  545, 

V209. 

testacea,  var.  63. 
tigrina,  0  235. 
timoria,  63,  0  292. 
tisipbona,  63. 
todosina,  62. 
undatella,   10,  63,   178,  0    177, 

0  239,  0  268,  0  292,  P  467, 

P545- 

ustulata,  63. 
venulata,    35,   63,    178,  0   192," 

0  238,  0  261,  0  268,  0  292, 

0  339,  P  464,  P  465,  P  466, 

P  467,  P  544. 
var.  0  268. 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


83 


Oliva 

volutella,  63,  178,  0  171,0  177, 
.     0  178,  0  231,  0  235,  0  268. 
zonalis,  0    171,    0    177,  0    236, 

P  468,  P  471,  P537. 
Olivella 

auazora,  23,  24,  in,  147,  0  262, 

0  339,  P  469- 
a  ureocincta,  34,  in. 
baetica,  23,  27,  76,  100,  147. 
biplicata,  13,  23,  27,  114,    147, 

*S*,  0339. 
bullata,  U  207. 
eolumellaris,  178. 
conoidalis,  0  364. 
dama,   34,    in,    178,0   262,0 

339,  P47L 
eburnea,  0  352. 
fulgida,  152. 
glandinaria,    13,    147,    0    201, 

0  339,  V  227. 

gracilis,  24,  28,  34,  155,  178. 
inconspicua,  24,   34,    in,    178, 

0  262,  0  340,  P  470. 
intorta,   0    228,  0    339,  0    352, 

U  207. 

kaleontina,  0  340,  0  361. 
lineolata,  0  192,  0  262,  P  471. 
mutica,  P  470,  P  472. 
oryza,  178,  P  470. 
pellucida,  178,  0  340. 
petiolita,  23,  147,  0  364,  P  469, 

P4/o. 
var.  aureocincta,  0  262, 

0  339,  O  364,  P  470. 
rufifasciata,  23,  147,  0  339. 
semistriata,  24,  100,  178,  0  340. 
tergina,  24,  28,  147,  178,  0  262, 

0  340,  0  352,  0  364,  P  469. 
undatella,    in,    178,0   262,   0 

350,  P  468. 
volutella,   24,   28,    178,  0   282, 

0  340,  P  469. 
Zanoeti,  24. 
zonalis,  24,  ill,  0   262,  0   339, 

0  363,  P  472. 


Ommastrephes 

Ayresii,  99,  150. 
giganteus,  99,  150. 
Omphalius 

ater,  13,  0  200,  V  224. 
aureotinctus,    25,    151,   0    200, 

0  321,0  349,  0351,  V  224. 
Brazilianus,  P  234. 
brunneus,  0  321,  0  351. 
Byronensis,  P  234. 
Californicus,  0    163,  0   233,    0 

297,  P  235- 
coronulatus,    24,   27,    108,    191, 

0  274. 

cruciatus,  P  234. 
dentatus,  0  229. 
euryomphalus,  0  321. 
funebralis,  13. 
fuscescens,  27,  138,  151,  0  200, 

0  233,  0  321,  V  224. 
globulus,  0  253,  o  321,  P  236. 
ligulatus,24,  34,  138,  191,256,0 

253, 0  321,  P  234,  P  235,  P  236. 
maculosus,  0  321. 
inarginatus,  13,  0  200,  0  321, 

V224. 

moestus,  0  321,  0  348. 
Panamensis,  24,  192. 
•    Pfeifferi,2i,02i7,  0321,  U204. 
reticulatus,  0  321. 
rugosus,  27,  0  321,  0  352. 
var.  rufotinctus,  0  253, 

P233- 
viridulus,    24,    36,  155,  192,  0 

229,   0    253,   0   321,    P   234, 

P  235,  P  236. 
Onchidium 

Carpenteri,  107,  159. 
Oniscia 

oniscus,  0  364. 
tuberculata,  0  282. 

far.  0  287. 

tuberculosa,    27,    no,   0      188, 

0  234,  0  270,  0  292,  0  337, 

0  350,  0  352,  0  360,  0  364. 
xanthostoma,  0  337,  0  360. 


84 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Onychoteuthis 

Bergii,  O  218,  0  223,  0  345. 

fusiformis,  99,  118,  119,  150. 

Kamtschatica,  0  218,  0  223. 
Opalia 

attenuata,  244. 

australis,  244,  245. 

bicarinata,  244. 

borealis,  18,  99,  114,  146. 

bullata,  23,  146,  287. 

crassicostata,  244,  245. 

crassilabrum,  244. 

crenata,  105,  220,  244,  324. 

crenatoides,    105,      220,      244, 

( —var.')  insculpta,  25,  105, 

146,  214,  322,  324. 

diadema,  244. 

funiculata,  37,  244. 

Me  Andreas,  244. 

Ochotensis,  114,  245. 

retiporosa,  99,  146,  244. 

spongiosa,  99,  146,  244. 
Orbicula 

Cumingii,  54,  205,  0  280. 

Evansii,  55,  0  287. 

Norvegica,  55. 

ostreoides,  55. 

striata,  55. 

strigata,  54. 
Orthalicus 

livens,  59,  0  251,  P  176. 

Mexicanus,  O  250,  P  177. 

princeps,  P  177. 

undatus,  158,0  363,  P  176. 

zebra,  93,    158,  0   170,  O   363, 
P  176. 

Ziegleri,  0  251,  P  177. 
Orthocera 

glabra,  X  436. 

imperforata,  X  425. 

trachea,  X  414,  X  423. 
Oscilla 

exarata,  33,  no,  P  415. 

terebellnra,  no. 

ziziphina,  33,  P  416. 


Osilinus 

ater,  0  321,  0  348,  0  351. 

gallinus,  0  321. 

var.  U  204. 

Osteodesma 

bracteatum,  17,  O  209,  O  210. 

Californicum,  0  231. 

corbuloides,  O  222. 

diaphanum,  0  287,  Q  228. 

hyalinum,  119,  0  209,  O  210, 
0  222. 

nitidum,     17,    O    226,    0    228, 

U  199,  Q  229. 
Ostrea 

seqnatorialis,  0   191,  0  250,   P 

157. 

amara,  27,  38,  107,  152,  199. 

bicolor,  P  161. 

borealis,  74. 

Bourgeoisii,  119. 

Canadensis,  P  160,  P  550. 

Columbiensis,  107,  132,  0  186, 
0  226,  0  250,  0  277,  0  312, 
P  161. 

conchaphila,  38,  78,  132,  151, 
152,  199,  0  198,  O  233,  0  250, 
0  277,0  282,  0  312,  0  351, 
0  353,  O  365,  P  J59,  P  161, 

P  163,  P  352,  P  482,  V  220. 

Cumingiana,  0    250,    0   312,  0 

352,  P  163- 
edulis,  85,   132,  198,  P   159,   P 

161. 

tvar.  expansa,  101,  132,  306. 
frons,  6. 
gallus,  14. 
Heermanni,  76. 
iridescens,    107,    117,    198,  273, 

274,    0    162.    0    226,    O    250, 

0  312,0  365,  P.  157,  P   162, 

P  164. 

var.  laticaudata,  101,  132,  305. 
longiro-tris,  P  160. 
lurida,  85,  92,  101,  132,  305. 

var.  76. 

margaritacea,  0  250. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


85 


Ostrea 

megodon,  14,  154. 
palmula,  24,  132,    199,  0    233, 
O   250,  0   282,  0  312,  P  163, 

P550- 

Panatnensis,  198. 
Panzana,  81. 
perna,  P  150. 
plumula,  0  351,  0  353. 
prismatica,  P  157. 
Puelchana,  P  157. 
rufa,  38,  132,   198,  306,  0  226, 

0  250,  P  157,  P  159. 
var.  rufoides,  78,  101,  132,  306. 
spathulata,  0  365,  P  157. 
subfalcata,  76. 
subjecta,  81. 
Titan,  80. 
vespertina,  76. 
Virgiuica,  38,  78,  107,  132,  152, 

306,  0    226,  0    250,  0    277, 

0  312,  0  363,  P  159,  P  160. 
Ovulum  ) 
(Ovula)  J 

aciculare,  P  370. 
jequale,  0  182,  O  188. 
avena,  35,  176,  O  182,  O  267. 
Californicum,    0    230,    0    233, 

0  358,  P  370. 
deflexum,  O  239,  P  545. 
emarginatum,  176,  0  239, 0  267, 

P545- 

gibbosum,  0  297,  O  328,  0  363. 
inflexuxn,  0  182. 
neglectum,  35,  O  267. 
patulum,  P  375. 
secale,  0  226. 
simile,  0  226. 

subrostratum,  O  364,  P  370. 
uniplicatuin,  P  370. 
variabile,  176,    0    226,   0   230, 

0  233,  0  267,  0  364,  P  370. 
var.  0  267. 

Pachychilus 

corvinus,  45. 


Pachydesma 

crassatelloides,  25,  26,  81,  114, 

126,  151. 
Inezana,  Si. 
Pachypoma 

gibberosum,  113,  137,  239. 
inaequale,  137. 
Pallium 

Estrellanum,  80,  81. 
Faludina 

balthica,  0  220. 

carinata,  0  170. 

Hindsii,  162. 

Kikxii,  0  222. 

muriatica,  O  220. 

nuclea,  162,  0  207,  O  297. 

Nuttalliaua,  162. 

octona,  0  220. 

pusilla,  0  220. 

seminalis,    90,    120,    162,    211, 

0  206. 
stagnalis,  O  220. 

,  var.  0  220. 

tentaculata,  0  222. 
tliermalis,  0  220. 
ulva,  0  220. 
virens,  162. 
Paludinella 

aculeus,  0  215,  O  220,  0  223. 
castanea,  241,  0  215. 
cingulata,  O  215,  0  220,  0  223. 
stagnalis,  0  215,  O  220,  O  223, 

0  257,  P  361. 
Pandora 

arcuata,  228. 

bilirata,  80,  124,  232. 

brevifrons,  231,  0  185,  0  301. 

Oylanica,  229. 

cistula,  231. 

claviculata,    124,    204,     225,   0 

287,  0  301,  Q  228. 
cornuta,  39,  204,  227,    O    280, 

301. 

Cumingii,  229. 
delicatula,  229,  230. 
depressa,  227. 


86 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Pandora 

discors,  228- 

flexuosa,  230. 

insequalis,  230. 

Indica,  229. 

nasuta,  226. 

oblonga,  231. 

obtusa,  229,  230,  231. 

punctata,     12,226,0194,0301, 

0  349,  Q228,  V  211. 
radiata,  231. 
rostrata,  230,  231. 
striata,  232. 
trilineata,  226. 
nnguicnlus,  230. 
Wardiana,  230,  231. 
Fandorina 

arenosa,  O  222. 
flabellata,  73. 
Panopaea 

abrupta,  0  367. 

Aldrovandi,  0  209. 

Faujasii,  123. 

fragilis,  73. 

generosa,  73,  82,  0  209,  0  213, 

0  300,  0  348. 
Norvegica,  0  222,  0  223. 
reflexa,  82. 
var.  sagrinata,  73. 
Farapholas 

acuminata,  29,    O    194,   O   244, 

O    265,  O    299,  O  366,   P   12, 

V  209. 
bisulcata,    61,    121,    0    265,  V 

209. 

branchiata,  0  366. 
California,    26,   119,   121,   123, 

O  194,  0  299,0  349,  O  351, 

V  209,  V  210. 
calva,  26,  29,  6 1,  0  244,  O  299, 

P9. 

Janelli,  123. 

penita,  n,  251,  0  194,  V  210. 
Parthenia 

armata,  0  259,  0  334,  0  364, 


Parthenia 

exarata,    33,  36,    190,  0    259, 

0334,  P4I5,  P4i6. 
gemmulosa,  0  364. 
lacunata,  0  334,  P  414. 
quinquecincta,  33,  36,  189,   190, 

O  259,  0  334,  P  414. 
scalariforrais,    0    259,    0    334, 

P  368,  P  413,  P  414,  P  434. 
ziziphina,  0  259,  0  334,  P  416. 
Patella 

aculeata,  P  268. 

serugmosa,   19,    0    215,    0    224, 

P203. 

ancyloides,  19. 

antiquata,  P  297,  R  3. 

Asmi,  19,  0  215,  0  223. 

Araucana,  P  200. 

auriculata,  P  287,  P  290,  T  168. 

australis,  P  299,  R  3. 

Barbadensis,  P  215. 

caeca,  19,  0  215,  O  219,  0  223. 

var.  concentrica,  19. 

calyptra,  3,  98. 

Candida,  71,  0  219. 

cassis,  O  215. 

cerea,  0  219. 

cinis,  48,  O  173,  0  290,  P  207, 

V  221. 
clypeaster,  48,  0    172,   0   290, 

P208. 

conica,  0  209. 

corrugata,  0  252,  0  291,  P  200. 
crepidula,  0  255,  P  284. 
Cumingii,  0  173,  0  290,  P  203, 

P  208,  V  221. 

deaurata,  0  173,  O  215,  0  348. 
diaphana,  0  173,  0  187,  0  199, 

0  208,  O  239,  O  252,  P  203, 

V  221. 

digitalis,  0  223. 
discors,  60,  108,  0  233,  0  252, 

0   282,  0  291,  P  200,  P  201, 

P  206,  P  210. 

exarata,  9,  0  173,  O  290. 
fenestrata,  O  173,  0  198,  O  291, 
P  207,  V  221. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


Patella 

fiinbriata,  0  209. 
floccata,  P  203. 
fornicata,  P  268. 

var.  P  268. 

Goreensis,  0  255,  0  363,  P  284. 
grata,  72. 
incessa,  0  206. 
instabilis,  0  209. 
laevigata,  0  199. 
liinatula,  49. 
livescens,  48,  0  291. 
leucophsea,  0  173,  0  199,0  291, 

P  203,  V  221. 

Magellanica,  91. 

mamillata,  13,  49,  0  173,0  198, 

0  291,  P  207,  V  221. 
maxima,  0  192,  0  252,  P  199. 
Mazatlandica,  9,  0  173,  0  178. 
Mexicana,  24,  27,  0  175,  0  190, 

O  233,  0  239,  0   241,  0  252, 

O  318,  P   199,  P  200,  P  201, 

P  210,  P  546. 
militaris,  P  300. 
mitrula,  P  297. 

inonticola,  0  173,  0  198,  V  221. 
inonticolor,   0    173,   O    198,  V 

221. 

navicula,  0  252,  0  291,  P  210. 
nivea,  P  297,  R  3. 
Nuttalliana,  49,  0   173,  0  291, 

P  208. 
opea,  P  206. 
Oregona,  0   174,  0   199,  0  291, 

P  209,  Q  223,  V  222. 

pallida^,  72. 

patina,  O  215,  0  219,  0  223. 
pecten,  3. 

pediculus,   108,  0   224,  O  252, 
0  291,  0  318,  P  200,  P  201, 

P535- 

pelta,  O  219,  0  223. 
perforata,  P  215. 
persona,  0  215,  0  223. 
personoides,  O    215,  0    223,    P 

203. 


Patella 

peziza,  10,  0   3,  0   179,  P  287, 

P  290. 
pileata,  0   174,  0   199,  P  209, 

V222. 

pileolus,  19,  0  215,  0  223. 

plicata,  35. 

plumbea,  29. 

poculuin,  0  179. 

porphyrozonias,  P  215. 

rosea,  P  215. 

seabra,   16,   49,  O   199,  O    209, 

0  252,  0  291,  P  203,  V  222. 
scurra,   0    172,    0    173,  0   215, 

0  224,  V  222. 

scutellata,  0  3,  P  287. 
spectrum,    16,    O    199,    0    209, 

0  291,  P  209,  V  222. 
stipulata,  48,  0  187,  0  318. 
striata,  0    187,   O   252,   P   203, 

P  208. 
strigillata,   0     273,    0    198,   V 

221. 

talcosa,  9. 

tessellata,  0  173,  0  199,  P  207, 

V  221. 

textilis,  1 6,  0  209. 
toreuma,   48,  0    288,  O   290,  0 

291,  Q  233. 
? var.  tenuilirata,  0  288, 

Q233. 

tramoserica,  3. 
trochiformis,  P  264. 
trochoides,  P  265. 
umbonata,  0  174,  0  199,  0  291, 

P  209,  V  222. 

venosa,  0  163,  O  290. 
verriculata,   0    173,    0   291,    P 

203,  P  207,  V  221. 

vespertina,  48,  0  290,  P  203. 
vulgata,  37,  198. 
zebrina,  var.  P  200. 
Patelloida 

depicta,  0  206,  U  204. 
punctata,  0215. 
striata,  P  203. 


88 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Patula 

Cooperi,  157. 
Mazatlanica,  157. 
sportella,  157. 
strigosa,  157. 
Fecten 

adspersus,  0  236,  P  538. 
(?yar.)  sequisulcatns,  22,  26,  78, 

85>  13*.  155,  W  280. 
altiplicatus,  81. 
aspersus,  199,  0  277 
catilliformis,  77. 
caurinus,  73.  85,  131,  0  311,  0 

348. 
circular-is,  40,   45,   76,    107,   0 

250,  0  2^5,  0  290,  0  352,  P 

152. 

dentatus,  0  233,  0  311,  0  352. 
deserti,  76,  81. 
Dieffenbachii,  73. 
digitatus,  0  207. 
discus,  81. 
excavatus,  14. 
Fabricii,  60,  0  211,  0  218. 
faseiculatus,  0  207,  0  311. 
floridus,  25,  322,  0  207,  0  311, 

0351. 

hastatus,  14,  18,  22,  81,  92,  131. 
hericeus,    18,  92,    131,   0    212, 

0311,  0  348. 
Hindsii,  60,  92. 
inca,  199,0  277,0311 
intermedia,  80,  107. 
irradians,  281. 
Islandicus,   4,    20,    60,    70,   92, 

131,  0  218,  0223. 
Jeffersonius,  81. 
Isetus,  73. 
laqueatus,  0  288. 
latiauritus    22,   45,    60,  131,  0 

198,   0   229,  0   233,   0    234, 

03",  0349,  0351,  V  219. 
Madisonius,  77. 
magnificus,   0    185,   0    311,   0 

359- 
magnolia,  81. 


Pecten 

Meekii,  81. 

mesotimeris,  45. 

mouotimeris,  26,   78,   131,   151, 

O  198,  0  229,  0  233,  O  234, 

¥219. 

Nevadauus,  77. 
nodosus,  0  233,  0  234,  0  311, 

0352. 

nucleus,  var.  0  290. 
Pabloensis,  80. 

paucicostatus,  22,  100,  131,281. 
Pealii,  0  218. 
poinatia,  14. 
propatulus,  165,  0  367. 
purpuratus,  102,  0  233,  0  284, 

0351. 

pyxidatus,  153. 
rastellinus,  14. 
rubidus,  4,  20,  92,  131,  0  207, 

0  218,  0  223,  0  311. 
senatorius,  40,  73,  0  282. 
sericeus,  0  207,  0  311. 
(?rar.)  squarrosus,  22,  281. 
subcrenatus,  153. 
subnodosus,   24,   27,    107,    151, 

0  185,  0  311. 
Townsendi,    18,  0   213,    0   311, 

0348. 

Tumbezensis,  199, 0  277,  0  311. 
tumidus,  35,  78,  85,  0    185,  0 

187,  0  277,  0  290. 
tunica,  60,  131. 
varius,  0  222,  P  532. 
ventricosus,   14,  24,  27,  40,  45, 

54,  78,  85,  107,  131,  151,  152, 

17°>    I99>   28o>    28l>    0    l87» 

0  233,  0  234,  0  277,  0  282, 

0  290,  0  311. 

var.  22. 

Yessoensis,  70,  74. 
Pectunculus 

assimilis,    200,   0   182,   0   229, 

0  233,  0  249,  0  277,  P  144. 
bicolor,  0  285,  0  290,  0  310. 
Californicus,  0  192. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


89 


Pectunculus 

corbis,  4. 

-  giganteus,   27,   0   208,    0    233, 
0  285,  0  289,  0310,  0  352. 

inaequalis,  10,  24,  200,  0  178, 
0  182,  0  249,  0  285,  0  289, 
0  290,  0  310,  0  366,  P  144. 

maculatus,  24,  200,  0  208,  0 
277,  0  310. 

multicostatus,  0  249,  0  310, 
O  366,  P  144. 

nitens,  165,  0  367. 

parcipictus,  24,  O  229,  0  310. 

patulus,  165,  0  367. 

pectenoides,  24,  0  208,  0  265, 
O  310. 

pectiniformis,  0  249,  P  144. 

septentrionalis,  0  219,  0  223. 

tessellatus,  0  229. 
Pedicularia 

California,  119,  149. 

decussata,  119. 

elegantissima,  119. 

Sicula,  119. 
Pedipes 

angulatus,  0  275,  0  316. 

liratus,  98,  116,  133,  159. 
Penitella 

Conradi,  14,  121,  0  203. 

ovoidea,  76. 

penita,  76,  121. 

spelsea,  76. 

tubigera,  15,  0  203. 

Wilsonii,  121,  0  194,  0  265,  V 
209. 

xylophaga,  15,  0  203. 
Perdicea 

nodosa,  48. 
Periploma 

alta,  0  280,0  301. 

argentaria,  80,  124, 0  194,  0  301, 
0351,  Q229,  V2ii. 

excurva,  Q,  229. 

excurvata,  0  287,  0  301. 

Leana,  0  231, 0  297,  0  301,  Q  229. 

obtusa,  62. 


Periploma 

papyracea,   0    287,    0    301,    Q 

229. 
planiuscula,  0   194,  0    231,  0 

301,  0'352,  V  211. 
Perna 

anomioides,  52. 

Californica,  52,   0    193,  0    198, 

0  234,  V  219. 
Chemnitziana,    0    233,   0    277, 

P  150. 
costellata,    52,    0    198,   P    152, 

V2I9. 

flexuosa,  0  208,  0  233,  0  249, 
P  150. 

incisa,  V  219. 

maxillata,  82. 

montana,  82. 

quadrata,  60. 

radiata,  P  150. 
Peronaeoderma 
.    ochracea,  104,  210.   ] 

punicea,  202. 
Feronseus 

artemisia,  158. 
Persicula 

clandestina,  P  462. 

fruuientum,  in. 

inabricata,  24,  in,  112. 

interrupta,  in. 

phrygia,  in,  112. 

minor,  P  461. 

sagittata,  in. 
Persona 

constricta,  24,  0  231. 

ridens,  24,  0  338. 
Petaloconchus 

cereus,  W  3l6,  W3I7. 

cochlidium,  W  314,  W  315,  W 
31?- 

flavescens,  W  314,  W  317. 

raacrophragma,  24,  43,  108,  114, 
140,  239,  0  200,  0  255,  0  323, 
0  35i,0  353,0  364,  P  306, 
P3o9,  V  226,  W  313,  W  314, 


90 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


Fetaloconchus 

nerinseoides,    W   316,    W   317, 

X428,  X431- 
octosectus,  W  317.. 
renisectus,  W  315,  W  317. 

?. ,    var.    Woodwardii,   W 

316. 
varians,  0  364,  W  315,  W  3^, 

W3I7- 
Petricola 

amygdalina,   0    184,   0   299,  0 

359- 
arcuata,  12,    14,   45,    120,    127, 

0  196,  0  203,0  229,  V  214. 

var.  0  203. 

bulbosa.  O  226,  0  232,  0  244, 

P  547',  U  198. 
Califoruica,    12,   45,    120,    127, 

0    196,  0  229,  0   299,  0  349» 

0  351,  V  214. 
carditoides,   12,   14,  20,  22,  26, 

76,  78,  88,    120,    127,  0    196, 

0  229,  0  284,  V  214. 
cognata,  38,  203,  0  279,  0  299. 

0363- 
Cordieri,  0  196,  0  203,  0  229, 

V2i4. 
cylindracea,  12,  14,  20,  78,  120 

127,   0    196,   0   203,   0   219 

0  224,  0  229,  0  284,  V  214. 
dactylus,  0  232,  0  299,  0  352. 
denticulata,  0  244,  0  297. 
gibba,   20,    127,  0    196,  0   219 

0  223,  0  299. 
lainellifera,  var.  0  229. 
rnirabilis,  0  281. 
pholadiforrnis,  0  279. 
var.  23,  38,  203,  0  299 

0363. 

robusta,  15,  29,  106,  0  184 
0  226,  0  232,  O  234,  0  244 
0  265,  0  295,  0  299,  0  352 
0  364,  0  365,  P  17,  P  547 
U  198,  V  209. 

rubra,  P  108. 


etricola 

siimosa,  0    226,  0  244,  0  265, 

P  547,  V  209. 
subglobosa,  45. 
suborbieularis,  P  105. 
tenuis,  38,  203. 
ventricosa,  154,  0  244,  0  299,  P 

19. 
'hasianella 

compta,  54,  79,  97,  *37,  228, 
282,  0  230,  0  253,  0  283,  O 
284,0  320,  0  351,  P  225,  U 
204. 

(? var.)  elatior,  23,  137, 

282. 

(? var.)     pulloides,    23, 

137,  282. 

(? var.     punctulata,  23^ 

137,281. 
fasciata,  P  226. 
fulminata,  P  226. 
minuta,  P  224. 

perforata,  24,  54,  155.  °  253» 
0  295,  0  320,  0  364,  U  204. 

? ,  var.   striulata,  0   253, 

P  225. 

pulhis,  282,  P  226. 
striulata,  214. 
tessellata,  P  224. 
undatella,  P  226. 
zebrina,  P  225. 
Phidiana 

iodinea,  94,  95. 
Pholadidea 

clausa,  0  366. 

concamerata,  123. 

cornea,  121. 

curta,  0  244,  0  299,  P  9. 

melanura,  121,   0    194,    0   244, 

0  265,  0  299,  0  366,  V  209. 
ovoidea,  14,  22,  26,  123,  0  226, 

0  299,  0  351,  U  198. 
penita,    22,   50,    87,    123,    251, 

0299,  0349,  0351. 
tubifera,  205,  0  299. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


91 


Fholadopsis 

pfcctiuata,  121,  0  265,  V  209. 
Fholas 

acuminata,  O  184. 

Californioa,  121,  0   194,  0  202, 

0  231,  0  234,  V  209. 
Californiensis,  0  174. 
calva,  0  184. 
Candeana,  121. 
concamerata,    87,    121,   0    194, 

0  202,  0  211,  0  228,  V  210. 
cornea,  0  184,  0  229. 
crucifera,  0  280. 
crucigera,  23,  205,  0  184,  0  280, 

0299. 

curta,  0  184,  0  191. 
dactylus,  205. 
Darwiuii,  251. 

Janellii ,  1 2 1 , 0  1 94,  0  202,  V  209. 
lanceolata,  23,  0  280. 
laqueata,  39,  0  280. 
var.  nana,  0  184. 
oblongata,  121. 
ovoidea,  0  226,  0   231,  0  234, 

U  198. 
penita,  87,  121,  0   194,  0    202, 

0  211,  0  231,  V  210. 
retifera,  121. 
rostratra,  15,  O  203. 
truncata,  121. 
tubifera,  205,  0  280. 
xylophaga.  205,  0  280,  0  299. 
Phorcus 

Californicus,  0  253, 0  286,  P  235. 
euryomphalus,  139. 
liratus,  P  235. 
maculosus,  139. 
marcidus,  139. 
Panamensis,  0  295. 
pulligo,  19,  21,  139. 
umbilicaris,  P  235. 
variegatus,  0  253,  P  234. 
Phos 

articulatus,  0  206,  0  343. 
biplicatns,  0  284,  0  343,  S  166. 
crassus,  0  206,  0  268,  0  343. 


Phos 

gaudens,  25,  0  206,  0  342. 

seuticosus,  0  206. 

turritus,  0  186,  0  343. 

Veraguensis,  0  206,  0  342. 
Phrontis 

xanthostoma,  P  495. 
Phylliroe 

Lichtensteinii,  0  173. 
Phyllonotus 

bicolor,    28,     112,    153,   0    264, 
0  345,  P  524- 

brassica,  28,  155,  0  264,  0  345, 
P523- 

imperialis,  0  345. 

nigritus,  28,  152,  153,  182,  0264, 
0  345,  P  52i. 

nitidus,  0  264,  0  345,  P  523. 

oxyacanthus,  0  345. 

princeps,  28,  112,  0  264,  0  345, 

P  525. 

radix,  182,  0  345 
regius,  182,  0  264, 0  345,  P  524, 

P525- 
Physa 

ampullacea,  160. 

aurantia,  27, 0  237, 0  251, 0  316, 

0364. 
aurea,  160. 

bullata,  85,  1 60,  0  283,  0  316. 
Charpentieri,  160. 
concolor,  161. 
costata,  1 1 8,  160. 
cylindrica,  160. 
elata,  27,  0  227,  0  296,  0  316, 

0  364,  P  1 80,  U  203,  V  220. 
elliptica,  160. 
elongata,  85,  161. 
elongatina,  161. 
fontinalis,  O  222. 
fontana,  160. 
Gabbii,  160. 
glabra,  160. 
gyrina,  160. 
heterostropha,  85,  93,  116,  120, 

1 60. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


Physa 

Hildrethiana,  160. 

humerosa,    79,  90,   160,  0  283, 

0316. 

hypuorum,  116,  0  222. 
iuflata,  1 60. 
Lordi,  90,  93,  160. 
Maugerae,  61,  162,  0  364. 
osculans  160,  0  265. 
Peruviana,  0  237,  0  251,  P  179, 

P  1 80,  P  540. 
Phillipii,  1 60. 
plauorbula,  161. 
plicata,  1 60. 
purpurostoma,  44. 
Sowerbyana,  44. 
striata,  160. 
subarata,  160. 
triticea,  120,  161. 
virgata,  160,  0  283,  0  316. 
virginea,    160,   0   209,   0    213, 

03i6. 
Pila 

multijugis,  P  255. 
ornata,  P  255. 
scabricosta,  P  255. 
Fileopsis 

antiquata,  P  297. 
mitrula,  0  255,  P  297,  R  3. 
pilosa,  0.275. 
subrufa,  R  4. 
Pilidium 

commodum,    0     216,     0     220, 

0233. 
Pinna 

lanceolata,  107,  0  208,  0  249, 

0  311,  P  147- 
maura,  24,  38,  107,  199,  0  185, 

0249,0277,0311,?  146. 
nigra,  43. 

rudis   0  241,  0  282,  0  296. 
rugosa,  27,  107,  0  185,  0  249, 

0  311,  P  147. 

tuberculosa,  24,  38,  199,  0  185, 
0277. 


\ 


Pirena 

Californica,  0  200,  0  209, 0  '230, 

U  206,  V  226. 
Pisania 

sequilirata,  0  263,  0  344. 

articulata,  0  226. 

ciuis,  O  344,  0  361. 

D'Orbignyi,  180. 

elata,  105,  221. 

elegans,  0  288. 

fortis,  25,  322,  324. 

gemmata,   25,  29,   196,  0   204, 
0  236,  0  263,  0  344,  0  364, 

PS'S- 

hsemastoma,  0  231. 
iusignis,  25,  28,  179,  324,  325, 

0  204,  0  263,  P  514,  P  515, 

P$i6. 

lugubris,  112,  0  344. 
mutabilis,  P  514. 
nigrocostata,  0  344. 
pagodus,  25,  179,  0  344,  P  552- 

(? rar.)  sequilirata,  P  515. 

Panamensis,  0  344. 

pastinaca,  0  344. 

pusio,  0  226. 

ringens,  25,  179,  0  263,  0  283, 

0296,  0344,  0363,  P  518. 
sanguinolenta,  25,  28,  112,  155, 

179,    0    177,    0   204,    0   263, 

0344,  P  517,  P  5i8. 
Stimpsoniana,  0  344. 
tincta,  363. 
Pisidium 

abditum,  165. 
amplum,  165. 
Kurtzii,  165. 
notatnm,  165. 
obliquum,  0  222. 
obscurum,  165. 
occidental,  118,  165. 
plenum,  165. 
regulare,  165. 
resartnra,  165. 
retusum,  165. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


93 


Pisidium 

zonatum,  165. 

Placiphora,  vide  Flaxiphora. 
Flaciphorella,  vide  Mopalia. 
Placunanomia  ) 
Placunomia      / 

alope,    ii,    132,  0  192,  0   286, 

0  312,  0  348. 
Broderipii,  0  286. 
cepio,  n,  92,  132,  0  192,  0  286, 

0  312,  0  348. 

claviculata,  0  250,  0312,?  166. 
Cumingii,  47,  0  180,  0  312. 
echinata,  50,  0  250,  P  166. 
foliacea,  0  363. 
foliata,  50,  0  250,  0  282,  6312, 

P  1 66,  P  167. 

macroschisraa,  n,  26,  50,  72,  76, 
85,  92,  132,  169,  0  203,  0  218, 
0  223,  0  234,  0  286,  0  312, 

0347. 
patelliforinis,    0    218,   0     223, 

0312. 

pectinata,  0  250,  P  166. 
pernoides,  0  161,  0  250,  0  312, 

O  365,  P  164. 
Planaxis 

acutus,  0    237,  0   240,  0   257, 

P  364,  P  541. 
canaliculatus,  0  268. 
laticostatus,  0  178. 
nigritella,  24,  100,  109,  0    164, 

0  237,  0  240,  0  257,  0  328, 

P364. 

var.,  0  237. 

obsoletus,  0  237,  0  240,  0  257, 

P364,  P54i. 
planicostatus,  10,  24,  109,  178, 

328,   0    174,   0   230,   0    235, 

0  268,  0  360. 
snlcatus,  0  230. 
Planorbis 

affinis,  0  364,  P  181. 

albus,  0  222. 

ammon,  40,  79,  120,  161,  0  283, 

0316. 


Planorbis 

cariuatus,  P  252. 

complanatus,  0  222. 

contortus,  0  222. 

corneus,  0  222. 

corpulentus,  18,  44,  85,  93,  161, 

0  210,  0  316. 
deflectus,  0  211. 
Duenasianus,  44. 
exacutus,  0  211. 
var.  fallax,  161. 
gracilentus,  40,  0  283,  0  316. 
Haldemanni,  40. 
lentus,  161. 
leucostoma,  0  222. 
Liebmaimi,  40. 
inacrostoma,  161. 
inegastoma,  161. 
Newberryi,  120. 
opercularis,    85,     161,    0    209, 

O2ii,  0  316. 

Panameiisis,  0  186,  0  316. 
parvus,  1 1 6. 
planulatus,  85,  161. 
regularis,  161. 
subcrenatus,   93,    161,   0    198, 

0  316,  V  220. 
tenagophilus,  161,  0  237,  0  251, 

P  181,  P  540. 
Traskei,  40,  120,  161. 
trivolvis,    85,    116,     120,     161, 

V  221. 

tuniens,  44,  161,  0  237,  0  251, 

0  316,  0  364,  P  181. 
tumidus,  44. 
vermicularis,  161,  0  209,  0  211, 

0  316. 

vermiculatii3,  0  213. 
vortex,  0  222. 
Wyldi,  44- 
Platyodon 

cancellatus,    11,    26,    87,    123, 
0  194,  0  231,  O  234,  0  300, 
O  349,  0  351,  V  210. 
Platysemus 

Wossnessenskii,  92. 


94 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Plaxiphora  ) 
Flaciphora  ) 

retusa,  0  318. 
Plectodon 

scaber,  97,  124. 
Pleuropus 

pellucidus,  0  173. 
Pleurophyllidia 

Californica,  94,  133. 

lineata,  94. 
Pleurotoma 

arcuata,  0  207,  0  208. 

aterriuaa,    183,    0    183,   0    271, 

P393- 

var.  Melchersi,  0  271. 

atrior,  36,    183,  0  258,  0  271, 

P  393,  P  394- 

bicanalifera,  183,  0  183,  0  271. 
bicolor,  0  183. 
bituberculifera,  0  330. 
Bottse,   0    191,    0   238,  0   258, 

0  271,  0  294,  P  392. 
cedo-uulli,  0  185,  0  330. 
cincta,   0    187,    0  258,  0   272, 

P295. 

clavulus,  0  183,  0  330. 
collaris,  183,  O  271. 
concinna,  183,  0  271,  S  162. 
cornuta,  0  271. 
corrugata    183,  0  183,  O  271. 
discors,  36,  183,  0  258,  O  271, 

P  393,  P  394- 

duplicata,  184,  0  183,  0  271. 
excentrica,  184,  0   183,  0  271, 

P  393- 

exigua,  184,  O  271. 

funiculata,  24,  27,  109,  184, 
0  208,  0  226,  0  238,  0  258, 
0  271,  0  282,  0  294,  0  330, 

P  390,  P  391,  P  544- 
gemmata,  0  205,  0  330. 
gemmulosa,  184,  0  271. 
gracillima,  0  284,  O  330,  S  163, 

S  164. 

grandiraaculata,  184,  0  271, 
grauulosa,  0  183. 


Pleurotoma 

h^xagona,  0  183. 

incrassata,  184.  0    183,  0    238, 

O  271,  0  294,  P  392,  P  544. 
iuerrais,  O  205. 
luctuosa,  P  397. 
maculata,  P  391. 
maculosa,    27,   0    235,   0    238, 

0  258,  0  330,  P  391. 
maura,0  191,0  258, 0  294,  P  293. 
militaris,  0  208. 
Melchersi,  0  238,  0  294,  P  393, 

P544- 

modesta,  0  187. 
nigerriraa,  184,  0  183,  0  271. 
uitida,  0  183. 
nobilis,  0  205. 
obeliscus,  184,  0  271. 
Ocoyana,  77. 
olivacea,    184,   0    208,   0    271, 

0  33°,  P  39°- 

var.,  0  258,  P  390. 

oxytropis,  0  183,  0  330. 
pallida,  184,  0  271. 
picta,  0  207,  0  208,  0  330. 
pudica,  0  330. 
rava,  P  399. 
rigida,  184,  0  271. 
rudis,  184,  O  272,  P393. 
rugifera,  0  183. 

rustica,  36,  184,  0  272,  P  393. 
Schantarica,  0  217,0  220,  O  223. 
simplex,  0  217,  0  220,  0  223. 
splendidula,  0  183. 
striosa,  184,  0  272. 
stromboides,  0  208. 
thiarella,  0  272. 
transmontana,  77. 
triticea,  59. 

tuberculifera,  6,  O  176,  0  330. 
turricula,  O  271. 
unicolor,  0  183. 
unirnaoulata,  O  183,  O  330. 
variculosa,  0  183. 
Plicatula 

dubia,  var.,  0  250,  P  155. 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


95 


Plicatula 

penicillata,  38,  107,  199,  0  250, 

0  312,  P  155. 
Polinices 

bifasciata,  27,  no,  152,  153. 

var.  fusca,  9,  no. 

Gallapagosa,  0  282,  O  284. 

intemerata,  0  337. 

lactea,  0  364. 

otis,  24,  27,  i  TO,  0  282. 

ovum,  0  284. 

Panamensis,  0  337. 

perspicua,  102,  0  337. 

Recluziana,  27,  153. 

Salangonensis,  27,  193,  0  337. 

uber,  24,  37,  no,  193,  0  261, 
0  282,  0  337,  O  364,  P  452. 

unimaculata,  0  337. 

virginea,  0  337. 
Pollia 

distorta,  0  268. 

hoemastoma,  0  177,0  191,  0  236, 
0  263,  0  269,  P  517. 

insignis,  29. 

scabra,  20. 
Polydonta 

dentata,  0  321. 
Polygyra 

.acutedentata,  157. 

contortuplicata,  0  294. 

polygyrella,  157. 

ventrosula,  157. 
Folyplex 

gracilis,  6. 
Polytropa 

uux,  P  484. 
Fomatiopsis 

Binneyi,  163. 
Pomaulax 

umlosus,  23,  27,  37,  53,  108, 137, 
151,  192,  0  199,  0  234,  0  240, 
0  282,  0  283,  0  320,  P  230, 

V224. 

Fompholyx 

effusa,  120,  1 60. 


Poronia 

Petitiana,  30,  P  549. 

rubra,  69,  P  108. 
Potamis       \ 
Potamides  / 

Californianus,  0  213. 

ebeninus,  48. 

fuscatus,  U  206. 

Hegewiscliii,  0  233,  0  295,  P  345. 

Montagnei,  0  238,  P  542. 

pullatus,  79,  84,  0  283,  0  284. 

sacratus,  0  209,  U  206,  V  226. 
Potamomya 

sequalis,  204,  0  280,  0  300. 

inflata,  204,  0  280,  O  300. 

trigonalis,  204,  0  280,  0  300. 
Priene 

cancellata,  20,  170. 

nodosa,  24,  27,  152,  166. 

Oregouensis,  20,  25,  69,  92,  99, 

147,  169    170,  322. 
Pristes 

oblongus,  97,  127. 
Propilidium 

ancyloide,  19. 
Fsammobia 

Californiea,  119. 

casta,  23,  38,  202. 

decora,  124,0  195,  0  207,  0231, 

V2I2. 

fusca,  0  221. 

Kindermanni,  0  301. 

maxima,  49. 

olivacea,  74. 

Pacifica,  12,  38,  78,  126,  0  195, 
0301,  0351,  V  212. 

regnlaris,  104,  210. 

rubroradiata,  26,  49,  88,   124. 
Psephis 

Lordi,  88,  97,"I27« 

salmonea,  25,  97,  127. 

tantilla,  22,  25,  118,  126,  165. 

tellimyalis,  127,  303. 
Pseudobuccinum 

biliratum,  0  342. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


Pseudobuccinum 

liochilus,  0  342. 
Panamense,  0  342. 
pulchrum,  0  342. 
Pseudoliva 

Kellettii,  40,  0   272,  0  340,   0 

350. 
Pteroceras 

lambis,  109. 
Pteronotus 

centrifugal,  102,  0  345. 
festivus,  23,  149,  0  345. 
Pullastra 

gigantea,  0  196. 
Puncturella 

Cooperi,  98,  137. 

cucullata,  80,   98,    137,  0   209, 

0  320,  0  348. 

galeata,  137,  0  320,  0  348. 
noachina,  72. 
Pupa 

Californica,  118,  158. 
chordata,  158. 
ovata,  117. 
Rowelli,  117,  158. 
Pupilla 

Californica,  158. 
Rowelli,  158. 
Furpura 

alveolata,  0  187,  0  293,  0  340. 
analoga,  20,  28,  148,  0  240. 
angulifera,  10,  O  191,  0  269. 
aperta,  13,  325,  0  201,  V  227. 
atroraarginata,  0  236,  P  537. 
attenuata,  20,  148,  0  220. 
bezoar,  0  294. 

bicostalis,  0  174,  0  190,  O  191, 
0  236,  0  238,  0  262,  0  292, 
P  477,  P  478,  P  537;  P  543. 
biserialis,  14,  24,  28,  in,  151, 
152,  180,  0  171,  0  187,  0  190, 
0  191,  0  202,  0  204,  0  231, 
0  234,  0  235,  0  236,  0  238, 
O  262,  0  269,  0  283,  0  340, 
0  352,  0  364,  0  366,  P  477, 
P482. 


Furpura 

biserialis  rar.,  0  283. 

bizonalis,  0  217. 

brevidens,  V  229. 

bufonides,  14. 

callosa,  10,  48,  0  269,  0  294. 

caualiculata,  10,  20,  28,  92,  148, 

0  171. 

cancellata,  0  236. 
Carolensis,  180,  0    187,  0   240. 

0   241,  0  262,  0  269,  0  340, 

0  361,  P  480. 
cassidiformis,  P  476. 
centiquadra,  10,  0  171,  0  191, 

0  262,  P  480. 
chocolata,  0  191,  0  294. 
columellaris,  6,   0   174,  0  178, 

0   187,  0  191,  0  228,  0  231, 

0  235,  0  240,  0  262,  0  294, 

0  340,  0  361,  P  355,  P  475, 

0  481. 
Conradi,  83,  0  184,  0  192,  0  201, 

0  203,  0  231,  V  228. 
consul,   0   238,   0   262,  P  477, 

P  478,  P  542. 
cornigera,    10,   0    177,   0    191, 

0  201,  0  269,  V  229. 
coronata,  0  297. 
costata,  0  191,  P  482. 
costularis,  0  191. 
crassilabrum,  0  171,  0  235. 
crispata,  7,   13,  23,  26,  74,  92, 

148,  0  192. 
decemcostata,  4,  10,  20,  28,  83, 

92,  149,  0  217,  0  223,  0  240, 

0340. 

deltoidea,  0  364,  P  478. 
diadeuna,  0  262,  P  482. 
dumosa,  0  201. 
emarginata,     13,    27,    83,    148, 

0  201,  0  203,  0   212,  0  213, 

0  231,  0  234,  0  235,  0  283, 

0340,0351,0  352,  V  228. 
engonata,  0  293,  V  228,  V  229. 
fasciata,  0  183. 
ferrnginea,  83. 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Purpura 

Florid  ana,  0  190,  0  262,  0  364, 

P  477- 

-  foliata,  4,  5. 
foveolata,  35,  180,  0  269. 
Freyciuetii,    14,  20,  28,   72,  83, 

0  203,  0  204,  O  217,  0  220, 

0  223.  0  240,  0  340. 
fuscata,  13,  28,  114,  148. 
fusiformis,  0   191. 
Grayi,  0  188,  0  204,  O  294. 
hsemastoma,    0    190,    0  202,  0 

231,    0    236,   0    262,  O   366, 

P  477,  P  478,  P  537. 
haeraatura,  0  204,  0  262,  P  477. 
harpa,  13,  0  201,  O  340,  0  349, 

V  228. 

imbricata,  102,  0  217. 
kiosquiformis,  180,  0  191,  0  231, 

0  234,  0  235,  0  269,  0  352, 


far.,  0  269. 


lactuca,  4,  83,  148. 

lagena,  18,  0  212,  0  340,  0348. 

lamellosa,  5,  0  340. 

lapillus,    13,    1  8,    23,    83,     148, 

0  203,  0  204,  0  217,  0  220, 

0  223,  0  231,  0  340. 
lapilloides,  0  293. 
macrostoma,  0    201,  0   340,  0 

349,  V  227. 
maculata,  0  269. 
madreporarurn,  63. 
melo,  24,  1  80,  0  269,  O  340. 
melones,  10,  O  231,  0  269,  0  282, 

0  340. 
muricata,  28,  108,  in,  0  235, 

0  262,  0  340,  0  352,  P  476. 
mix,  P  484. 
nympha,  0  191. 
ocellata,  10,  0  269. 
ochrostoma,  63. 
osculans,  35,  180,  0  269. 
ostrina,  13,  14,   18,   26,  27,  83, 

148,  151,  152,  0  210,  O  340, 

0348. 

7 


Purpura 

pallidus,  191. 

pansa,  0  228,  0  262,  0  340,  0 
362,  0  363,  0  365,  P  474,  P 
475,  U  208. 

patula,  6,  8.  24,  28,  48,  63,  in, 
152,  166,  0  171,  0  228,  0  234, 
O  238,  0  262,  0  283,  0  292, 
0  340,  0  352,  0  361,  0  363, 

O  365,  P  474,  P  475,  1J  476, 

P  479,  P  542,  U  208. 
planospira,   6,  8,  28,    103,   104, 

108,  in,  0  187,  0  240,  0  340, 

0361. 

planospirata,  48. 
plicata,  148. 
purpuroides,  180. 
rupestris,  14. 
sanguinolenta,   0    191,    0    231, 

saxicola,    13,    18,    23,    83,    148, 

0  204,  0  220,  0  231,  0  340. 

var.,  83. 

scalariformis,  0    190,  0   262,  0 

269,  P  48 1. 

semi-imbricata,  7,  0  171. 
septentrionalis,   74,   83,  148,    0 

211,   0    212,   0    217,    0  231, 

0  340. 
speciosa,  0  171,  0   191,  0  262, 

0  340,  P  480. 
sphaeridia,  10. 
spicata,  0  293,  V  228. 
spirata,  O  191,  0  201,  V  228. 
succincta,  10. 
tecta,  1 80,  0  269, 
triangularis,  24,    28,    in,   180, 

0  187,  0  191,  0  262,  0  269, 

0  340,  0  361,  P  480. 
triserialis,    24,    in,    0     171,   0 

191,  0  262,  0  283,  0  294,  O 

340,  P  479,  P  48o. 
truncata,  O  191,  0  262,  P  476. 
undata,    180,   0    171,  0    187,  O 

190,    0    202,   0    262,  O    269, 

0  340,  0  364,  P  477,  P  478. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


Pustularia 

pustulata,  P  375. 
Pyramidella 

bicolor,  0  296. 

conica,  193,  O  274,  P  409. 
Pyrazus 

iucisus,  108,  112,  152. 

var.,  152. 

Pyrgula 

quadricostata,    0    284,   0   326 

S  162. 
Pyrgulina 

clathratula,  33,  P  424. 

convexa,  33,  P  424- 

Photis,  33,  P  425. 
Pyrula 

anomala,  0  238,  O  263,  P  503, 

P  544- 

Belcheri,  O  205. 
bezoar,  0  191. 
carnaria,  0  171. 
lactea,  0  263,  P  503. 
lignaria,  0  234,  0  263,  P  502. 
melongena,  O  294,  O  364,  P  501. 

var.,  0  263,  P  501. 

patula,    25,    28,    153,    O    171 

0  176,  0  234,  O  238,0  263 

O  271,  O  294,  0  343,0  364 

P  500,  P  544. 
rapa,  7. 

reticulata,  0  171. 
spirata,  7,  0  171. 
subrostrata,  0  176,  O  238,  0 

293,  P  544- 
turbinelloides,  0  263. 
ventricosa,  O  174,  O  236,  0  294, 

P  453- 

vespertilio,  0  171. 
Pythina 

rugifera,  88,  129. 

sublaevris,  0  248,  0  308,  P  1 12 

Radius 

jequalis,  O  328. 
avena,  24,  154,  0  328. 
Californicua,  O  328. 


Radius 

emargiuatus,  0  328, 

inflexus,  0  328. 

similis,  24. 
Raeta 

canaliculata,  100,  126,  167,  204. 

undulata,  21,  100,  126,  167. 
Ranella 

albofaseiata,  0  163,0  185  0338. 

anceps,  O  238,   O   294,   0  338, 

P544- 

argus,  0  294. 

bufonia,  0  294. 

cselata,  24,  no,  182,  0   231,  0 

270,  O  294,  0  338. 
Californica,    15,    27,     no,    147, 

170,  0  205,  0  338,  0  351. 
convoluta,  O  231,  0  338. 
crumena,  0  171. 
crumenoides,  0171. 
granifera,  0  172. 
muriciformis,    0    182,    0    201, 

O  238,  O  283,  0  338,  0  351, 

P  544. 

nana,  O    163,  0    176,  0    185,  0 
208,  O   238,  0  271,  0   338,  P 

544- 
nitida,  24,  182,   0   231,   0  271, 

0338. 

pectinata,  0  338. 
plicata,  0  271,  0  338. 
pyramidalis,  24,  0  182,  0  238, 

0  294. 

scabra,  0  294. 
semigranosa,  0  270,  0  294. 
triqueta,  13,  24,    34,  102,    153, 

0  201,  0  285,0  338,  0  351, 

V  227. 
tuberculata,  0  338. 

var.,  0  297. 

ventricosa,  15,  147,  17°,  °   235« 
vexillum,  0  294,  0  297. 
Rangia 

trigona,  O  232,  0  246,  P  52. 
Rapana 

nux,  0  262. 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Recluzia 

Rollandiana,  62,  0  297,  0  316. 
Rhinoclavis 

gemmata,  7,  24,  108,  152,  185. 
Rhizochilus 

asper,  0  287,  0  297,  O  340. 

Californicus,   35,    in,    180,    0 
262,  0  287,  P  484. 

distans,  34,  35,  180,  P  484. 

foveolatus,  0  340. 

gibbosus,  P  485. 

madreporarura,  155. 

niveus,  P  484. 

nux,  25,  34,  35,  in,  180,  0262, 

0  269,  0  340,  P  484. 
Rhodea 

Californica,  158. 
Rhynchonella 

lucida,  72. 

psittacea,  71,  93,  122,  168. 
Ricinula 

alveolata,  0  187,  0  293. 

arachuoidea,  0  176. 

carbonaria,  181,  0  231,  0  270. 

contracta,  0  187. 

elegans,  0  176. 

heptagon  alls,  0  187. 

jugosa,  181,  O  270. 

Reeviana,  181,  0  270. 

zonata,  0  187. 
Rimula 

cucullata,  0  209,  0  213. 

galeata,  0  209. 

Mazatlanica,  108,  0  252,  0  320, 

P  222. 

Rissoa 

acutelirata,  99,  142. 

albolirata,  104,  216. 

arctica,  0  220. 

bryerea,  P  357. 

clandestiua,     189,    0      273,     P 

257. 

compacta,  89,  142. 
firmata,  361,  89,  0  273,  P  357. 
fortis,  0  273,  P  356. 


Rissoa 

glabra,  0  220. 

incouspicua,  32,  33,36,  189,  190, 

0  273, 

infrequens,  189,  0  273,  0  327. 
Janus,  189,  0  273,  0  327. 
lirata,  P  358. 
notabilis,   33,   36,    189,    190,    0 

273,  0  327. 
proxima,  P  437. 
saxatilis,  0  220. 
scalariformis,  36,  189,  0  273,  0 

327. 

striata,  0  238,  P  356,  P  542. 
Rissoina 

ambigua,  230. 

Catesbyana,  0  364. 

Clandestine,  109,  0  327. 

expansa,  24,  293. 

infrequens,  109,  293. 

interfossa,  99,  142. 

firmata,  24,  32,  109,  189,  0  327. 

fortis,  24,  109,  0  327. 

Janus,  24. 

pyramidata,  P  356. 

scalariformis,  32. 

striata,  24,  109,  0  257,  0  327, 
P356. 

Woodwardii,    24,    189,    0    257, 

0  327,  0  364,  P  356,  P  357. 
Rocellaria 

ovata,  121. 
Rostellaria 

indurata,  0  367. 
Rotella 

lineata,  0  222. 
Rupellaria 

Cordieri,   127. 

exarata,  0  244,  0  299,  P  20. 

foliacea,  154,  0  299. 

lamellifera,  22,  25,  26,     127,  0 
299,  0  349,  V  214. 

lingua-felis,  106,  0  244,  0  299, 
P  20. 

paupercula,  0  299. 


100 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Sanguinolaria 

Calit'omica,  0  221. 
Californiaua,    12,  62,    86,    125, 

0  301,  V  212. 
decora,  70,  0  226. 
fusca,  62,  0  221. 
graudis,  0  228,  0  349. 
miniata,  23,  27,  29,  35,  49,   154, 

0  231,  0  245,  O  301,  P  548, 

U  199. 
Nuttallii,  26,  70,  124,  151,  169, 

O  195,  0  207,  O  226,  0  234, 

0  301,  0  35I,°352- 
ovalis,  49. 
Pacifica,  V  212. 


Saxicava 

tennis,  38,  203,  0  279,  0  299. 
Sazidomus 

aratus,  12,  73,  86,  127. 
brevisiphonatus,  93,  127,  251. 
giganteus,  12,  0  196,  0  299,  V 

215. 
Nuttallii,    12,   74,   76,    86,    127, 

0  192,  0  196,  0  203,  O  210, 

0  232,  0  234,  0  299,  0  349, 

0  351,  V  215. 
Petitii,  12,   17,  0  196,  0  299,  0 

349- 

squalidus,  12,  14,  20,  22,  86,  91, 
127,  O  192. 


purpurea,    49,    0    226,  0    231,    Scalaria 


0  245,  0    301,  0  352,  P    31, 

P  548,  U  199- 

rubroradiata,  12,  0  301,  V  212. 
tellinoides,   49,   0    286,    °  3O1 

P3L 
Saxicava 

abrupta,  76. 

arctica,  118,  123,  0  244,  0  296, 

0   299,   0  365,  0  366,  P  1 6, 

P24. 

California,  120,  0  196,  V  214. 

carditoides,  120,  0  196,  0  232, 
0  234, V  214. 

clava,  15,  0  203. 

Cordieri,  0  232,  P  16. 

distorta,  70,  0  221. 

fragilis,  256. 

Gallicana,  0  221. 

GrcBiilandica,  0  221. 

lamellifcra,  0  234. 

legumen,  14,  15,  I23,  °  2O2> 
0  203. 

pholadis,  14,  15,  22,  26,  7°,  88, 
91,  105,  123,  124,  151,  1 66, 
168,  0  202,  0  219,  O  221, 
O  223,  0  232,  0  279,  0  299, 

0351. 
rngosa,   70,    91,  0   22I>   p    *5 

P  16. 
solida,  P  16. 


aciculina,  0  207,  0  336. 
australis,    18,    114,    0    210,    0 

336. 

bellastriata,  99,  146. 
borealis,  0  212. 
crassilabris,  0  238,  P  542. 
crebicostata,  99,  146. 
Cumingii,  99,   146,    0     284,    0 

336,  S  165. 

diadema,  33,  0  181,  P  448. 
Dianse,  0  206,  0  336. 
Elenensis,  33. 
funiculata,  33,  0  260. 
gracilis,  146. 
Groenlandica,  71,  0  216,  0  223, 

0336. 
hexagona,    192,  0   260,  0  274, 

O  285,  0  336,  P  446. 
Hindsii,  24,  0  284,  0  336,  S  165. 
Indianorum,  114,  146,  169,  244. 

var.  99. 

indistincta,  0  285,  0  288,  0  336. 
Mindorensis,  S  164. 
mitraformis,   0    186,  0   336,  P 

446,  Q  235,  S  165. 
obesa,  S  164. 

obtusa,  192,  0  274,  0  336. 
Ochotensis,   20,    O  216,  0  220, 

O  223. 
planicosta,  O  216. 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


101 


Scalaria 

raricostata,  33,    0    260,    0   336, 

P447- 
regularis,    244,  0    284,    0   336, 

S  164. 

reflexa,  0  288.  0  336,  Q  235. 
statuminata,  0  230,  O  336. 
subcorouata,  99,  146. 
)          subnodosa,    0    284,    0    336,    S 

165. 

subulata,  0  216. 
suprastriata,  0    260,   0   336,   P 

446,  P  447- 

tiara,  no,  0  284,  0  336,  S  164. 
?var.  tiiicta,  146,  151,  244. 
Turtonis,  244. 
venosa,  0  230. 
vulpiua,  0  206,  0  336. 
Scapharca 

bifrons,  24,  154. 
emarginata,  24. 
labiata,  24. 
nux,  24. 
Schizopyga 

Californiana,  79. 
Schizothaerus 

Nuttallii,  22,  25,  26,  69,  72,  76, 

86,  123,  126,  169. 
maxiuius,  123. 
Scintilla 

Cuiningii,  0  186. 
Scissurella 

rimuloides,  34,  258. 
Scrobicularia 
alta,  26. 

angulata,  Q  230. 
biangularis,  0  303. 
biangulata,    12,    0   195,  Q  230, 

V2I3. 

Dombeyi,  var.  272. 

producta,  40,  272,  0  284,  0  287, 

0  3°3,  Q  230,  S  1 60. 
viridotincta,  0  284,  0  303,  S  160. 
Scutalus 

protetis,  158. 
Xantusi,  158. 


Scutellina 

navicelloides,  31,37,  I97|0  252, 

0  319,  P  211. 
Scurria 

(?y«r.)  funiculata,  98,  136. 

initra,  23,  26,  79,  84,  136,  170, 
0  173,  0  174,  0  190,  0  199, 
0  202,  0  209,  0  234,  0  297, 

0  319,   0  348,  P292,  V  222. 

pallida,  79,  0  284. 
scurra,  170,  V  222. 
Segmentina 

Donbilli,  44. 
Seila 

assimilata,  33,  P  445. 
Semele 

bicolor,  29,  105,  O  303. 
California,  0  287. 

var.  105,  151,  0  303. 

corrugata,  126. 

decisa.  22,  26,  126,  0  231,  0  303, 

0351,  V  213. 
elliptica,  0  303,  P  28. 
flavescens,  29,  39,  48,  105,  203, 

0  245,  0  303,  0  351,  P  28,  P 

548,  U  199. 

flavicans,  48,  0  231,  0  279. 
incongrua,  97,  126. 
obliqua,  0  284,  0  303. 
planata,  0  284,  0  303,  S  160. 
proxiraa,   39,    154,    203,   0  226, 

0  231,  0  245,  0  279,  O  303, 

P  548,  U  199- 
pulchra,  23,  39,  78,  97,  126,  154, 

203,  0  303. 

punctata,  0  304,  S  160. 
rubrolineata,    22,    113,    126,    0 

163,  0  232,  0  303,  0  351,  V 

212. 

rubrotincta,  0  284,  0  352. 
rupium,   97,    126,    170,   0  304, 

0359- 
simplex,  0   163,  0  195,  0  232, 

V  212. 

striosa,  203,  0  303. 
tortuosa,  0  303. 


102 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Semele 

ventricosa,  203,  0  303. 

venusta,  23,  29,  154,  203,  0  245, 

0  303,  P  28. 
Senectus 

funiculatus,  4. 

sqnamigerns,  24,  154. 
Septifer 

bifurcatus,  26,  129,  151. 

Cnmiiigianus,  106,  0  309. 
Serpula 

incurvata,*X  436. 

recta,  X  425,  X  436. 

regularis,  42. 
Serpulorbis 

Panamensis,  42. 

squamigerus,  23,  27,  100,  140. 
Serripes 

Grcenlandicus,  70,  88,  128,  168. 

Laperousii,  128. 
Serrula 

Carpenter!,  0  287. 
Sigaretus 

coriaceus,  0  176,  0  216. 

debilis,  27,  O  228,  O  233,  0  337, 
0  352,  U  207. 

fenestratus,  0  259,  P  408. 

inflatus,  O  275. 

millegranus,  0  170,  P  408. 

scopulosus,  0  367. 

tessellatus,  0  294,  P  407. 
Siliqua 

lucida,  120,  O  195,  V  211. 

Nuttallii,  120,  124,  0  195,  V  211. 
Siliquaria 

gibba,  39. 
Simnia 

patula,  P  375. 
Sipho 

terebalis,  73. 
Siphonalia 

anomala,  152. 

fuscotincta,  23,  149,  288. 

Kellettii,  74,  149,  169,  289. 

modificata,  152. 

pallida,  28,  49,  112. 


Siphonaria 

fequilirata,  107,  112,  151,  152, 
162, 0  251,  0  290,  0316,  P  184. 

sequilorata,  0  290,  P  550. 

amara,  48,  162,  0  290. 

characteristica,  197,  0  185,  O 
276,  O  282,  0  290. 

costata,  0  185,  0  276,  0316. 

denticulata,  O  239,  P  546. 

ferruginea,  31. 

gigantea,  0  229. 

gigas,  24,  152,  197,  0  174,  0 
276,  0  282,  0  290,  0  316,  0 
359,  T  1 68,  U  205.  . 

var.  O  276. 

lateralis,  133,  170,  238. 

lecanium,  24,  31,  107,  162,  256, 
O  208,  0  225,  0  235,  0  251, 
0  290,  0  316,  P  182,  P  184, 

P  535,  P  536. 

var.  0  239. 

: —  t-ar.  palmata,  0  251,  P 

183. 

leviuscula,  152. 
manra,   24,   31,    162,   0  185,  0 

276,  0  316. 

palmata,  24,  31,  107,  162. 
pentegoniostoma,  P  212. 
pica,  37,    197,  O  276,  0  285,  0 

316. 

scutellum,  0  203,  0  316,  0  359. 
thersites,  47,  113,  133,  162,  170, 

237. 

Tristensis,  47,  113. 
Siphonium 

var.  centiqnadra,  42. 
effusum,  42. 
lituella,  42. 
margaritamm,  42. 
xnegamastum,  42. 
var.  spinosum,  44. 
snbcrenatum,  44. 
Sistrum 

carbonarium,  25,  in. 
(fochro.stoma,      var.')      rufono- 

tatum,  105,  220. 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


103 


Skenea 

rota,  X  415,  X  426. 

Verranxii,  62. 
Smaragdinella 

thecaphora,  0  250, 0313,  P  533. 
Solariella 

aspecta,  98. 

peramabilis,  98,  139. 
Solarium 

setliiops,  0  294. 

bicaiialiculatuni,  7,  0  170. 

cyclostoma,  0  294. 

granosutn,  0  170,  P  408. 

grariulatum,  15,  24,  27,  36,  58. 
no,  153,  191,  0  170,  0  236, 
0  237,  0  274,  0  333,  P  536, 

P  54i. 

granulatum,  var.  58. 
granulosum,  15. 
placentale,  58,  0  206,  0  333. 
placentula,  58. 
quadriceps,  15,  27,  58,  no,  153, 

191,  0  206,  0  234,  0  235,  0 

274,  0  333. 

variegatum,  63,  0  294,  P  407. 
verrucosum,  58. 
Solecardia 

eburnea,  0  265,  V  209. 
Solecurtus 

affinis,  39,  205,  0    245,  0  280, 

0  301,  P  27. 
ambiguus,  48. 
Californianus,  12,  22,  26,  124, 

170,  0  195,  0  231,  0  284,  0 

3OI,  0  351,  V  212. 

Californicus,  0  349. 
Californiensis,  78. 
Caribbseus,  39,  205. 
Carpenter!-,  29. 
Dombeyi,  12,  48,  124,  170. 

lucidus,    12,    120,0    195,0    211, 

V  211. 

maximus,  120,  124,  V  211. 
Nnttallii,  12,  87,  120,  0   195,  0 

222,  V    211. 

politus,  29,  0  245,  0  301,  P  27. 


Solecurtus 

radiatus,  120,  0  195,  0  211,  V 

211. 

splendens,  V  211. 

subteres,  22,  124,  0  195,  0  231, 

0  234,  O  301,0  349,  0  351. 
violascens,   151,  0  282,  0  301, 

P27. 

Solemya 

pusilla,  73. 

valvulus,  104,  210. 

velum,  73. 

ventricosa,  164,  0  367. 
Solen 

altus,  0  175,  O  222. 

acutidens,  0  175. 

auabiguus,  6,  7,  8,  20. 

Americanus,  0  222. 

Californianus,  0  61. 

corneus,  73. 

Dombei,  61. 

ensis,  0  222. 

gracilis,  73. 

maximus,  9,  87,  0  211,  0  212, 
0  213,  0  222,  O  231. 

medius,  7,  20,  0  222. 

minutus,  0  221. 

Nuttalli,  0  231. 

patulus,  5,  9. 

rudis,  6,  39,  205,  0  280,  0  301. 

sicarius,  26,   74,   87,    124,    169, 
0  209,  0  212,  0  213,  0  301. 

(? var.)  rosaceus,  22,  124, 

279. 

splendens,  120,  0  195,  0  222. 

strictus,  73. 

subteres,  61. 

tenuis,  0  175,  0  222. 
Solena 

ambigua,  39. 

media,  39. 

obliqua,  39,  205. 
Soletellina 

obscurata,  70. 
Spliae  ilia 

bilirata,  118. 


104 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Sphaenia 

Binghami,  P  16,  P  24. 

Californiea,  78,  87,  0  194,  0 
211,  0  284,  0  301,  0  349,  0 
351,  V  210. 

fragilis,  29,  39,  105,  0  244,  0 
300,  P  24,  P  530. 

luticola,  29. 

ovalis,  168. 

ovoidea,  88,  123. 
Sphaerella 

tuniida,  30,  129. 
Sphaerium 

dentatura,  164. 

lenticula,  165. 

meridionale,  165. 

nobile,  165. 

occidentale,  116,  165. 

ovale,  165. 

patella,  165. 

Spokani,  91,  165. 

striatinnm,  116,  164. 

subtransversum,  165. 

tumidum,  91,  165. 
Spiraxis 

Cobanensis,  44. 

Lattrei,  44. 

Shuttleworthii,  44. 
Spiroglyphus 

albidus,  43. 

lituella,  27,  108,  140. 
Spisula 

fragilis,  P  51. 
Spondylus 

calcifer,  24,  107,  199,  256,  258, 
0  241,  0  250,  0  277,  0312, 
P  547,  P  548,  P  550- 

erassisquama,  O  233. 

dubius,  0  182,  O  312,  P  153. 

ducalis,  P  153. 

Estrellanus,  81. 

Lamarckii,  199,  0  250,  0   277, 

P  153,  P  547- 

limbatus,  43,  0  290,  0  312. 
pictorum,  0  233,  0  234,  0  265. 
var.  P  153. 


Spondylus 

priuceps,  0312. 

var.  0  182. 

radula,  0  290,  0  312. 

varians,  O  233. 

Victories,  41. 
!  Standella 

Californiea,  22,99,  IJ3j  I26,  151. 

falcata,  126. 

fragilis,  27,  106. 

nasuta,  12,  99,  126. 

planulata,  99,  126. 

velata,  204. 
Stenotrema 

gerinana,  I57« 
Stephopoma 

var.  bispinosa.  42. 

pennatum,  42. 
Stoa 

ainmonitiformis,  42. 

subcreuata,  44. 
Stomatella 

inflata,  37,  194,  0  275,  0  320. 
Stramonita 

petrosa,  76. 
Strategus 

inerunis,  94,  95. 
Strebloceras 

anellum,  43. 

cornuoides,  X  441,  X  443. 

solutum,  X  441,  X  443. 
Strephona 

incrassata,  P  464. 

Pedroana,  76. 
Strigatella 

effnsa,  O  339. 

tristis,  24,  no,  151,   177,  0  261, 

0  339,  P  461. 
Strigilla 

carnaria,  23,  27,  102,  151,  154, 
0  195,  0  224,  0  227,  O  228, 
0  245,  0  303,  0  350,  O  353, 

0  363,  P  39,  P  40,  U  200. 
dichotoma,  0  224,  0  303. 
disjuncta,  40,  0  284,  O  303,  S 
'    1 60. 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


105 


Strigilla 

effusa,  0  361. 

ervilia,  0  224,  0  303. 

fucata,  29,  38,  0  227,  0  228,  0 

245,  0  279,  0  363,  U  200. 
lenticula,  105,  O  224,  0  245,  0 

303,  P  4L 

miniata,  0  245,  P  40,  U  200. 
pisiformis,  23,  0  224,  0  303,  0 

363- 
sincera,     23,    40,    105,    203,    0 

303,  S  1 60. 
tristis,  0  361. 
Strombina 

angularis,  0  344. 

bicanalifera,   25,  180,  0  344,  *0 

361. 

dorsata,  180,  0  344. 
elegaus,  0  344. 
fusiformis,  0  344. 
gibberula,  25,    112,   151,180,0 

344- 

lanceolata,  0  344,  0  361. 
uiacuiosa,  112,  0  263,  0  344,  P, 

513. 

recurva,  25. 

turrita,  181,  0  344. 
Strombus 

bituberculatus,  10. 

cancellatus,  7. 

crenatus,  187,  0  258,  P  300, 

galea,  43,  0  179,  0  241,  O  258, 
0  270,  0  282,  P  302,  P  381. 

galeatus,  24,  109,  0  187,  0  238, 
0  270,  0  329,  P  544. 

gigas,  0  364,  P  382. 

gracilior,  24,  27,  109,  153,  0  174, 
0  179,  0  187,  0  233,  0  235, 
0  238,  0  270,  0  282,  0  329, 
O  352,  0  364,  P  383,  P  544. 

granulatus,  7,  24,  27,  109,  0  2, 
0  174,  0  179,  0  187,  0  230, 
0  235,  0  238,  O  258,  0  270, 
0  282,  0  329,  O  360,  P  382, 
I'  544- 

lentiginosus,  0  238,  P  544. 


Strombus 

inarmoratus,  P  335. 

muricatus,  P  335. 

Peruvianus,  10,  0    270,  0   329, 
O  364,  P  382. 

pugilis,  0  364. 

vittatus,  0  367. 
Stylifer 

astericola,  0  281,  0  335,  0  360. 
Styliferina 

turrita,  99,  143. 
Styloptygma 

claiusiliformis,  33,  P  126. 
Subula 

luctuosa,  109,  0  258,  0  329,  P 

387- 

strigata,  109,  0  329. 
varicosa,  177,  0  329. 
Sticcinea 

aperta,  162. 
aurea,  159. 
brevis,  0  296. 

cingulata,  159,  0  240,  0  315. 
•    Hawkinsii,  90,  159. 
lineata,  120. 
tfuttalliana,  85,  159. 
Oregonensis,  159,  0  198,  0  315, 

V  220. 
ovalis,  159. 
putris,  44,  93,  0  222. 
rotuudata,  162. 
rusticaua,  93,   116,  159,  0  209, 

0315. 
Surcula 

funiculata,  P  390. 
Sycotypus 

Ocoyanus,  77. 
Syphopatella 

aspersa,  0  275. 

conica,  P  265. 

lichen,  P  266. 

mamillaris,  P  266. 

regularis,  195. 

sordida,  0  184. 
Syrnola 

lamellata,  33,  no,  P  411. 


10G 


INDEX    OP    SPECIES. 


Tapes 

Adamsii,  74,  304. 

decussata,  74,  127. 

Deshayesii,  58. 

discors,  23,  78,  0  306,  P  77. 

diversa,  12,  56,  72,  76,  86,  127, 

304,  O  203,  0  284,  0  289,  0 

306. 

florida,  U  200. 
fluctuosa,  39. 
fuscolineata,  23,  211. 
geographioa,  U  200. 
graoilis,  75,  7«,  0   227,  0  284, 

0  306,  0  352,  U  200. 
granulata,  55,  0    364,   P    76,  P 

78. 
grata,  23,  27,38,  55,  58,  78,  151, 

201,  O  247,  0  278,  0  282,  0 

306,  0  352,  P  77. 

var.  56,  151. 

histrionica,  27,  38,  201,  0  203, 

0  247,  O  278,  0  306,  0  352, 

0  364,  P  76,  P  77,  V  215. 
Inezensis,  81. 
laciniata,  26,  57,  127,  304. 
linteata,  80. 
maxima,  0  232. 
montana,  81. 
mundulus,  127. 
var.  orbella,  127. 
Petitii,  127. 

var.  70,  74,  76,  91. 

pectunculoides,  0  306. 

regularis,  119. 

rigida,  127. 

var.  ruderata,  127. 

squamosa,    106,  0    247,  0  306, 

P78. 

staminea,    )  12,  17,  22,    26,   56, 

strarainea,  J  76,  78,86,  91,  127, 

151,  152,  304,  0 

306,    0    349,    0 

35i,  0  352,  P  76, 

V2i5. 

tenerrima,  17,22,  100,  127,304, 

0  227,  0  229,  0  306,  U  200. 


Tapes 

turaida,    127,  0    196,  0   306,  V 

214. 
Tectarius 

coronatus,  0  170. 
Tectura 

persona,  16. 

textilis,  16. 
Tecturella 

grandis,  31,  47,  136,  310. 
Tedinia 

pernoides,  0  250,  0  286,  P   165. 
Tegula 

elegans,  10. 

flammea,  61. 

pellis-serpentis,  24,  61,  0  170, 
0  282,  0  288,  0  321. 

strigilata,  0  282. 
Teinostoma 

amplectaus,  0  254,  0  322,  P 
253,  P  254. 

minutum,  0  273,  0  322. 

substriatum,  0   254,    0   322,  P 

254. 
Tellidora 

Burneti,  14,  29,  226,  0  234,  0 
245,  0  297,  0  303,  0  364,  P 
548. 

crystallina,  202. 

lunulata,  14. 
Tellina 

albaria,  0  367. 

alta,  12,  125,  0  195,  0  302,  0 
349,  V  213. 

alternata,  29,  0  245,  P  35. 

alternidentata,  9,  O  175,  0  221, 
0347. 

amplectans,  155. 

angulosa,  0  245,  P  35. 

arctata,  165,  0  367. 

atra,  0  219. 

aurora,   202,  0    186,  0   279,   0 

3°3- 

balthica,  20,  0  221. 
biinaculata,  0  363. 
bitruncata,  0  367. 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


10T 


Tellina 

Bodegensis,  69,  86,  125,  169,  0 

207,  0  211,  0  219,  0  224,  0 

234,  O  302,  O  349. 
brevirostris,    0    245,    0    287,  0 

302,  P  38. 

Broderipii,  0  245,  0  302,  P  32. 
Burneti,    0    175,  0    203,    P  39, 

P83. 

calcarea,  0  221,  0  232. 
Californica,  18,  0  211,  0  302. 
carnaria,    0    221,   O  222,  P  39, 

P  40,   U  200. 

cicercula,  0  224,  0  236,  P  534, 

P  539- 
cognata,  38,  202,  0  279,  0  303, 

0364- 

Columbiensis,  202,  0  279, 0  303. 
concinua,  O  279. 
congest  i,  75. 

crystallina,  202,  0  279,  0  303. 
Cumingii,  27,  105,  202,  0   186, 

0  234,  0  245,  0  279,  0  302,  P 

36. 

Dariena,  77. 
decumbens,  271. 
delicatula,  0  245,  0  287,  0  302, 

P37- 

denticuiata,  O  245,  O  302,  P  38. 
Deshayesii,  0  284,  0  303,  S  160. 
dichntoraa,  0  224,  P  534. 
Diegoana,  75. 
divaricata,  P  99. 
Dombeyi,    202,    272,  0    186,   0 

245,  0  279,  O  302,  P  33. 
donaciformis,  P  34. 
donacilla,  O  245,  0   302,  0  366, 

P34,  P53I- 
donacina,  0  366,  P  34. 
eburnea,  29,  0  245,  0  302. 
edentula,  86,  0    175,  0   195,  0 

219,  0  223,  O  301,  V  213. 
elougata,  0  186,  0  279,  0  302. 
emaeerata,  165,  O  367. 
ervilia,  0  224,  P  534. 
fabagella,  73. 


Tellina 

Fabricii,  0  221. 

fausta,  0  284,  0  303. 

felix,   23,    38,    73,   202,  203,  0 

186,  0  228,  0  245,  0  279,  0 

302,  P  34- 
frigida,  0  221. 
fucata,  0  227,  U  200. 
fusca,  20,  0  221. 
gemma,  75,  0  227,  0  232,  0  302, 

0  352,  U  200. 
Grcenlandica,  0  175. 
gubernaculum,  0  186,  0  302. 
Guilfordise,  9,  0  221. 
Hanleyi,  105. 
hiberna,  0  186,  0  303. 
insequalis,  230. 
inconspicua,  62,  0   175,  0  221, 

0347. 

inquinata,  0  192,  0  302. 
insculpta,  0  186,  0  302 
Japonica,  14. 
laceridens,   202,  0   186,  0  279, 

0  302. 

lamellata,  0  245,  0  302,  P  37. 
laminata,  39. 

lata,  0  219,  O  221,  0  223,  O  301. 
lenticnla,  0  224,  P  41,  P  534. 
ligamentina,  14,  0  195,  V  213. 
lingua-felis,  P  20, 
lintea,  0  193. 
lubrica,  73. 
lutea,  9,  0   219,  O   221,  0  223, 

0  301. 

Mazatlanica,  40,  0  302,  P  33. 
miniata,  0  226,  P  31,  P  548,  U 

199. 

muricata,  9,  P  98. 
nasuta,  86,  302,  0   192,  0  211- 

0  219,  0  221,  0  223,  0  232, 

O  234,  0  283    0  296,  0  347, 

0351,  0367,  V  213. 
ocbracea,  104,  210. 
opercularis,  47,   154. 
operculata,  8,  47,  0  245,  0  363, 

P32. 


108 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


Tellina 

Panaineusis,  0  295,  0  303. 
Pedroana,  75. 
perna,  0  366. 
petaluin,  O  170,  0  302. 
pisiformis,  60,  0  224,  P  102. 
plebeia,  0  186,  O  302. 
princeps,  154,  0  186,  0  282,  0 

302. 

prora,  202,  0  279.  0  303. 
proxima,  0  178,  0  221. 
puella,   23,   38,   202,    0    245,  0 

279,  O  302,  P  37. 
punicea,  8,    23,   154,  0    245,  0 

279,  0  302,  O  363,  P  35. 
pura,  21,  29,  40,  0  227,  0  232, 

0  302,  0  351,  U  199. 
pnrpurea,  29,  P  33. 
regia,  0  186,  0  232,  0  302. 
regularis,  0  245,  0  302,  P  36. 
rhodora,  0  284,  O  303. 
rosea,  35. 
rubella,  23. 
rubescens,  105,  202,    0    186,  0 

282,  O  302,  P  32. 
rufescens,  47,  0  208,  0    246,  0 

296,  0  302,  0  363,  0  366,  P  32. 
rugosa,  9. 

siliqua,  202,  0  279,  0  303. 
similis,  0  364. 
solidula,    20,  0    170,  0   219,  0 

221,  0  223,  O  301. 
sordida,  0  221. 
straminea,  0  245,  0  287,  0  302, 

P34- 

striatw,  155,  P  35. 
suborbicularis,  P  105. 
tersa,    20,    272,    0    226,  0  228, 

0  303,  U  199. 
triangularis,  221. 
vicina,   12,   38,   78,   126,  203,  0 

232,  0  279,  O  284,  0  302,  0 

351,0363,  U20I. 

virgo,  0  189,  0  302. 
Tellimya 

bideutalis,  303. 


Tellimya 

lactea,  P  105. 
suborbicuiaris,  P  105. 
tenuis,  P  105. 
tumkla,  88,  97,  129. 
Tellinides 

purpureus,  0  175,  P  32. 
Terebra 

aciculata,  0  185,  0  285,  P  388, 

P389. 
Africana,  51,  61,  0  285,  0  288, 

P384. 
albocincta,    51,   0    226,  0    258, 

P  vi.,  P  384,  P  386. 
arguta,    0   228,    0   233,  0  258, 

P  388,  U  206. 
armillata,   51,  0   206,  0  239,  0 

258,  0  366,  P  384,  P  545- 
aspera,  51,  0  185. 
Belcheri,  0  296. 
castanea,  51. 
cinerea,  51,  0  364. 
dislocata,  51. 
elata,  177,  0  185.  0  267. 
elongata,  51. 

flammea,  41,  51,  61,  0  207. 
formosa,  41. 
frigata,  0  189. 
fulgurata,  0  225,  0  228,  0  233, 

0  236,  0  352,  P  535,  P  537, 

P552- 

Hindsii,  51,  0  258. 
Hupei,  51. 
incomparabilis,  41. 
insignis,  41. 
interstincta,  0  366. 
intertincta,  51,  P  384. 
Jamaicensis,  51.  v 
larvaeforniis,  41,  177,  0  267. 
laurina,  51. 

lingualis,  109,  0  206,  0  330. 
Loroisi,  51. 
luctuosa,  51,  63,  0  206,  0  239, 

o  364,  P  387,  P  545- 

marginata,  51. 

ornata,  0  185,0207,0330,0360. 


'INDEX  OF  SPECIES. 


109 


Terebra 

Petiveriana,  41,  51. 

robusta,  24,    0    206,    0    230,  0 

267,  0  282,  0  330,  0  350. 
rudis,  51. 

rufooinerea,  51,  0  258. 
Salleana,  41. 
specillata,  41,  101,  0  206,  O  267, 

0  268,  O  330. 
strigata,  10,  46,  51,  155,  0  174, 

0  207. 
strigosa,  61. 
stylata,  51. 
subnodosa,  51,  0  258. 
textilis,  0  206. 
tuberculosa,    154,    177,    0    206, 

O  268. 
uva,  0  330. 

varicosa,  177,  0  206,  0  268. 
variegata,  51,  61,  0  235,  0  239, 

0  285,  0  288,  0  352,  P  384, 

P  463,  P  545. 
zebra,  10,  41,  51,  0  207. 
Terebratella 

angustata,  250. 
caput-serpentis,  93,  122. 
caurina,  18,  97,  122. 
Coreanica,  122,  169. 
dorsata,  122. 
frontalis,  122. 
globosa,  122. 
miniata,  20,  72,  122. 
vitrca,  122. 
Terebratula 
aiigusta,  54- 
Belcberi,  54. 

Californica,  54,  60,  72,  0  289. 
caput-serpentis,  54.  249,  250. 
xsaurina,  18,  54,  0  210,  0  298, 

0348. 
dilatata,  54. 
frontalis,  20,    0   218,  0   221,  0 

223. 

Gaudichaudi,  54. 
globosa,  54,  72. 
Grayi,  70,  72. 


Terebratula 

Japonica,  54. 

nitens,  1 66,  0  367. 

physema,  54. 

psittacea,  O  218,  0  223. 

pulvinata,  18,  72,  0  210,  0  213, 
0  298,  0  348. 

radiata,  54. 

trausversa,  72. 

unguiculus,   93,   97,    122,   249, 
250. 

uva,  54,  0  265. 

vitrea,  54,  72. 
Terebratuliria 

Japonica,  54. 

radiata.  54. 
Teredo 

fimbriata,  91. 

substriata,  0  367. 
Thaumastus 

Californicus,  158. 
Theliostyla 

Bernhardi,  P  257. 
Theora 

lubrica,  73. 
Thracia 

alta,  0  280. 

curta,  26,  88,  124,  0  194,  0  300, 
0349,  V  2 10. 

granulosa,  0  231. 

mactropsis,  79. 

phaseolina,  202. 

plicata,  27,   50,  0  231,  0  297. 
0352. 

squamosa,  105,  0  287,  0  300,  O 
366,  Q  229. 

trapezoides,  165,  0  367. 

villosiuscula,  0  366. 
Thylacodes 

contortus,  43,  44. 

contortula,  43,  44. 

cruciformis,  43. 

electrina,  43. 

var.  indentata,  43. 

favosar  43. 

oryzata,  44. 


110 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES.  ' 


Thylacodes 

re  pens,  43. 

Riisei,  43. 

squauiigera,  43. 
Tiara 

forainiuata,  0    185,   0    261,    P 
460. 

muricata,  0  185. 
Tivela 

arguta,  60. 
Tonicia 

Brandti,  0  317. 

cremilata,  0  317. 

Eschsclioltzii,  0  317. 

Forbesii,  0  252,  0  317,  P  193. 

insignis,  0  317. 

lineata,  134,  170,  0  317. 

var.  134. 

lineolata,  134,  170. 

Merckii,  0317. 

Sitclieusis,  0  317. 
Torinia 

areola,  0  192,  P  407. 

bicanaliculata,  0  333. 

granosa,  0  259,  0  333,  P  408. 

rotundata,  36. 

variegata,  24,  32,  63,  69,  0  192, 
0  238,  0  259,  0  274,  0  297, 
0  333,  0  363,  P  407. 
Tornatella 

punctocselata,  132,  307. 
Tornatellina 

Cuinitigiana,  0  186,  0  315. 
Tornatina 

carinata,  37,  97,  133,  r94,  0  250, 

0313,  P  171- 

cerealis,  23,  133,0  227,0  313, 

0349,  P  171,^203. 
culcitella,  23,  133,  0  313,  0  349, 

U203. 

eximia,  89,  90,  133,  166. 
incalta,  79,  0  227,  0  313,  O  351, 

U203. 

infrequens,  154,  194,  0    250,  0 

275,0313,0366,  P  171- 
gracilis,  P  171- 


Trachydermon 

dentieiis,  135. 

flecteus,  135. 

Gothicus,  98,   135. 

Hartwegii,  135. 

interstiuctus,  135. 

Nuttallii,  113,  135. 

pseudodeutiens,  98,  135. 

reteporosus,  135. 

trifidus,  135. 
Trapezium 

Californicum,    102,    0'  306,    0 

349- 
Tresus 

capax,  76. 

maximus,  ir,  123,  0  192. 
Tribulus 

Caroletisis,  P  480. 
Trichotropis 

Atlantica,  0  217. 

bicarinata, 48,  6 1,  70,  71,  0  176, 
0  220,  0  223,  0  328. 

borealis,  20,  146,  176,  0  211,  0 
217,  0  223,  0  328,  0  347,  0 

348. 
cancellata,  20,  114,  147,  0  206, 

0  210,  0  211,  0  213,  0  217,  0 

328. 

ciliata,  72. 
coronata,  7°i  72- 
costellata,  0  217. 
Gouldii,  40,  0  288. 
inermis,  114,  H^,  0  207,  0  217, 

0328. 
insignis,  70,  71,  0  217,  0  223, 

0328. 

wmlticaudata,  70. 
Sowerbiensis,  61,  0  220. 
umbilicata,  0217. 
Trigona 

sequilatera,  P  549- 

argentina,  27,  O  202,  0  234,  0 

246,  0  305,  P  58. 
bicolor,  0  366,  P  59. 
Byronensis,  O  246,  P  54. 
corbicula,  O  232,  0  234. 


INDEX   OP    SPECIES. 


Ill 


Trigona 

crassatelloides,  10,  22,  0  196, 
0  229,  0  232,  0  234,  0  246, 
O  305,  O  349,  0  351,  P  58, 
V  216. 

Dillwyni,  P  55. 

gracilior,  P  55. 

Hindsii,  23,  154,   155,  0  241,  P 

55- 

,  var.  0  229,  0  366. 

huinilis,  0  246,  0  305,  P  57. 

intermedia,  P  55. 

mactroides,  60,  0    192,  0    229, 

0  364,  P  55- 
nitidula,  106. 
planulata,  23,  27,  O  229,  0  234, 

0  246,  0  305,  0  366,  P  59. 
radiata,  27,   106,    201,   0    192, 

0  229,  0    232,  0  234,  0  241, 

0    246,  0    305,  O   364,  P   54, 

P  55,  P  56,  P  58,  P  59- 
semifulva,  P  56. 
stultorum,  10,  12. 
tantilla,  0  229,  0  305,  U  201. 
tripla,  0  366,  P  55. 
undulata,  P  59. 
ventricosa,  P  55. 
Trigonella 

crassatelloides,  0    196,    0   207, 

0  296,  0  353,  0  V  216. 
Triodopsis 

loricata,  157. 
Mullani,  157. 
omphalia 
pulcherrima,  121. 
Triforis     ) 
Triphoris  ) 

ad  versa,  99,  114,  146,  169. 
alternata,   36,    no,    155,    186, 

0  256,  0  272,  0  325,  P  341. 
inconspicua,    32,    186,    0    256, 

0  272,  0  325,  P  341,  P  342. 
infrequens,    32,    186,  0    256,   0 

272,  0  325,  P  342. 
Trio  pa 

Catalinoe,  95. 


Triton 

anomalus,  0  205,  0  337. 
cancellatus,  83,  0  218. 
Chemnitzii,  182,  0  iSS,  0  235, 

0  238,  0  261,  0  265,  0  270, 

P  455,  V  209. 
ciliatus,  0  218. 
cingulatus,  182. 
clandestine,  0    292,  0    338,  0 

360. 
constrictus,  182,  0  231,  0  270, 

0337- 
crebristriatus,    0    284,   0    337, 

S  165. 

decussatus,  0  270. 
elegans,  61. 
eximius,  0  284,  0  337. 
fusoides,  182,  0  270,  0  337. 
gibbosus,  0  182,  0  270,  0  337. 
lignarius,  24,  0    182,  0   205,  0 

271,0337. 

liueatus,  0  182,  0  188,  0  360. 
nodosus,  0  261,  P  455. 
Oregonensis,  83,  119,  0  210. 
pagodus,    178,   0    1 86,    0    268, 

0  292,  P  497,  P  552. 
parvus,  0  284. 
perforatus,  0  261,  0  265,  P  455, 

V  209. 

pilearis,  24,  0  364. 
pictus,   0    185,   0   292,  0   337, 

0  360,  S  1 66. 
reticulatus,   0    183,   0    188,   0 

337,  0  360. 

scaber,  10,  0  179,  0  347. 
scalariformis,  0  182,  0  337. 
siphonatus,  0  235. 
Sowerbyi,  0  188,  0  337,  0  360. 
tigrinus,  18,  24,  0  182,0  211, 

0212,0337. 

turriculatus,  0  188,  0  360. 
vestitus,  no,  0   205,  0   270,  0 

337,  0  364. 

,  var.  senior,  0  270. 

Tritonia 

arborescens,  0  218. 


112 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Tritonia 

Palmeri,  94. 
Reynolds!!,  0  218. 
Tritonidea 

gernmata,  P  516. 
pagodus,  0  231,  0  235. 
riugens,  P  518. 
sanguinoleuta,  P  517. 
Tritonium 

angulosum,  60. 

antiquum,  19,  69,  0  217,  0  220, 

0  223. 

Baerii,  19,  0  217,  0  223. 
Behringianuui,  0  220. 
Behringii,  19,  0  217,  0  223. 
cancellatum,  20,  0  218,  0  223. 
carinatum,  60. 
cassidariseforme,  70. 
Chemnitzii,  0  177. 
clatkratuiu,  20,  0  217,  0  223. 
commune,  0  220. 
contrarium,   0    217,    0   220,   0 

223. 
decemcostatum,  20,  83,  0  217, 

0  223. 

decussatum,  0  171. 
deforme,  0  217. 
fornicatum,  0  220. 
gracile,  0  217. 
hsernastoma,  0  171. 
Islandicunu,  0  217. 
intertextum,  0  188. 
lignariutn,  0  238,  P  544. 
Inridum,  19,  0  217,  0  223. 
macrodon,  O  171. 
Mediterranean!,  0  188. 
Morchianum,  60. 
nodosum,  0  238,  P  544. 
Norvegicum,  0   217,  0  220,   0 

223. 
Ochotense,  19,  0  218,  0  221,  0 

223. 

ooides,  19,  0  218,  0  223. 
Oregonense,  69. 
ovoides,  O  221. 
ovum,  0  223. 


Tritonium 

reticulatum,  0  188. 

Rombergi,  60. 

rutilum,  60. 

Sabinii,  0  217. 

scabrum,  20,  0  218,  0  224. 

scalariforme,  0  238,  P  544. 

Schantaricum,   0    217,    0    220. 

0  221,  0  223. 
simplex,  19,  0    218,  0    221,   0 

223. 

Sitchense,  18,  19,  0  217,  0  223. 
tenebrosum,    0   217,  0    218,  0 

221,  0  223. 
undatum,  19,  0  217,  0    221,  0 

223. 

verrucosum,  0  263,  P  517. 
Triumphis 

distorta,  0  288. 
Trivia 

California,    23,   27,    143,     151, 

0  328,  0  349. 
var.  fusca,  0  258,  0  328,  O  360, 

P  378,  P  545- 
Maugerise,  0  328,  0  360. 
Pacifica,    24,    27,    101,    109,    0 

328,  0  360. 
pediculus,  0  364. 
pulla,  24,  0  258,  0  328,  0  360, 

P379- 
pustnlata,   24,  27,   109,  0    258, 

0  282,  0  328,  P  375,  P  545- 
radians,  27,  109,  0  258,  0  282, 

0  328,  P  376,  P  377. 
rubescens,  0  328,  O  360,  P  378. 
sanguinea,  27,  101,  109,  0  258, 

0  328,  P  379,  P  545- 
Solandri,  27,  99,  109,  143,  151, 

0  192,  0  258,  0  328,  P  376, 

P377- 
subrostrata,    0    258,  0    328,   O 

364,  P  379,  P  545. 
suffusa,  0    192,  0   328,  0   360, 

O  364,  P  379- 
Trochatella 

conica,  0  239,  P  545. 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


113 


Trochatella 

Larnarckii,  0  239,  P  266,  P  545. 
mamillaris,  0  190. 
trochiformis,  0  190,  P  265, 
Trochiscus 

convexus,  23,  138,  282. 
Norrisii,    23,    27,    138,    151,   0 

177,  O  200,0  235,  0  321,0 

349,  V  224. 
Trochita 

aspera,  52. 

corrugata,  52. 

costellata,  82, 

Diegoana,  76. 

radians,  28,  0  179,  P  264,  P  265. 

solida,  52. 

spirata,  28,  52,  0  240,  O  323, 

P265. 

,  var.  28. 

subreflexa,  52. 

ventricosa,   76,  0   254,  0   323, 

P  264. 
Trochus 

angulatus,  P  352. 
annulatus,  3,  4,  5. 
amictus,  0  203,  0  253,  P  229. 
Antonii,  P  233. 

var.  0  230. 

ater,  19,  0  216,  O  224,  0  230, 

0235. 
aureotinctus,  0  233,  0  240,  V 

224. 

auripigmentum,  54. 
balsenarum,  10,  0  204,  P  230. 
Belcheri,  0  296. 
Brazilianus,  0  253,  P  234. 
brevispinosus,  O  204,  0  253,  P 

227. 

brunneus,  0  233. 
Buschii,  0  229,  P  227. 
Byronianus,  0    179,  0   229,  0 

253,  P  234. 
cselatus,  4,  5. 
Californianus,  0  199. 
Californicus,  35,  O  233. 
callichrons,  0  296. 
8 


Trochus 

callicoccus,  0  296. 
calyptrseformis,  P  552. 
canaliculatus,  3,  4,  5. 
castaneus,  0  200,  O  240,  0  286, 

V224. 

cateniferus,  O2oo,0  233,  0  240, 

V  224. 
catenulatus,  191,  0  238,  0  274, 

P  352,  P  542. 
conulus,  0  163. 
coromilatus,  191,  0  274. 
costatus,  3,  84. 
decarinatus,  6- 
diadetuatus,  14. 
digitatus,  53. 

disculus,  0  225,  0  274,  P  535. 
doliarius,  4,  5,  8,  O  200,  0  230, 

0  233,  0  234,  V  224. 
dorsuosua,  0  274. 
erythrophthalmus,    0    253,    0 

296,  P  227. 

euryomphalus,  19,0  216,  0  224. 
eximius,  0  253,  P  232. 
filosus,   19,  84,  O   179,  O  200, 

O  209,  0  230,  0  234,  0  349, 

0351,  V  224. 
Fokkesii,  19,  0224,  P  223. 
gallinus,  0  200,  0  230,  0  235, 

0  240,  V  224. 
gibberosus,  53. 
gigas,  53. 
glomus,  0  238,  0  253,  P  236, 

P542. 

Hillii,  0  240. 
inaequalie,  3,  4. 
inermis,  0  229,  0  293,  0  296. 
in-fauce-nigerrimus,  28. 
Japonicus,  53. 
Leanus,  36,  191,0  274. 
ligatus,  84,  0  200,  0  209, 0  230, 

0  286,  V  224. 

ligulatus,  0  238,  P  235,  P  542. 
lima,  14,  36,  191,  272,  O  274. 
lividus,  36,  192,  0274. 
Inridus,  O  200,  V  224. 


114 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Trochus 

MacAudrese,  0  253,  0    284,  P 

232. 

magus,  P  235. 
mareidus,  21,  O  227,  U  204. 
melanostoma,  28. 
Melchersi,  0  238,  0  253,  P  227, 

P54L 

metaformis,  O  296. 
minutus,  O  238,  0  253,  P  233, 

P54L 

modestus.  18,  19,  84,  0  223. 
mcestus,  19,  79,  0   212,  0  216, 

O  224,  0  230,  0  234,  O  265, 

0  284,  O  352. 
Monterey!,  O    227,    0    233,    U 

204. 

neritoides,  0  296. 
Norrisii,  0  230. 
Novse-Zelandise,  4. 
nucleus,  O  296. 
olivaceus,  29,  0  179,  0  233,  0 

238,  O  253,  O  296,  P  227,  P 

54i. 

pallidus,  0  200,  V  224. 
Panamensis,  192,  O  229,  O  274, 

0295. 
pellis-serpentis,   10,  6or  192,  0 

179,  0  274. 
pellucidus,  14. 
perlatus,  P  352. 
perspectiviuiiculus,    0    238,    P 

407. 

Pfeifferi,  O  233,  U  204. 
pica,  U  204. 
picoides,  0  228,  0  229,  0  362, 

U  204. 
pulligo,  4. 
pupillus,  18. 
purpuratus,  0  240. 
pyriformis,    O    228,  0    233,  U 

204. 

radiatus,  61. 
reticulatus,  36,   192,  0  229,  O 

253,  O  270,  P  234. 
rubiginosus,  14. 


Trochus 

Schantaricus,  84,  0  216,  0  220, 

0  223. 
Solaris,  61. 
stellaris,  0   238,  0   253,  P   230, 

P54L 

striatulus,  O  233. 
Strigilatus,  10,  60,,  0  274. 
snavis,  0  296. 
undatus,  10 
nndosus,  10,  53,  O  179,  P  230, 

V  224. 

unguis,  53,  0  179,  P  229. 
uuidens,  P  352. 
variegatns,  0  238,  P  407. 
versicolor,  0  238,  0  253,  O  286, 

P  231,  P54i. 
virgineus,  4,   5,  0   200,  0   213, 

0  233,  O  234,  0  286,  V  224. 
viridulus,  0  274,  0  283. 
vittatus,  119. 
Trophon 

Baraffii,  0  217. 
Barvicensis,  324. 
canaliculatus.  0  217. 
cancellinus,  O  343. 
clatliratus,    20,    71,    0     173,    0 

217,0  223,  0343- 
corrugatns,  0  343,  0  348. 
crassilabrum,  0  226. 
crassus,  73- 
Fabricii,  17. 
fimbriatulus,  25,  324. 
Gunneri,  149,  0  217. 
Hindsii,  0  205,  0  343. 
incomptus,  73. 
labiosus,  0  296. 
lainellosus,  0  347. 
Magellanicus,  93,  170. 
multicostatus,  6,  49,    89,    149, 

169,  170. 

inuricatus,  0  205. 
muriciformis,  0  293. 
Orpheus,     17,   92,   149,   322,    0 

343,  0  348. 
tenuisculptus,  25,  322,  324. 


INDEX   OP    SPECIES. 


115 


Trophon 

triangulates,  99,  149. 
Truncaria 

corrugata,  25,  148. 

eurytoides,  104,  220. 

modesta,  25,  180,  0  231,  0  270, 

0342. 
Truncatalla 

assiminea,  0  275. 

Bairdiaua,   154,   194,  0  275,  0 

326. 

Californica,  60,  100,  143,  156. 
dubiosa,  37,  194,  0  275,  0  326. 
gracilenta,  156. 
Montagui,  P  363,  P  364. 
Turbinella 

acuminata,  48,  0  271,  0  292. 
ardeola,   0   171,  0  261,  0  338, 

P  456. 

armata,  0  182. 
caestus,  27,    183,  0  171,  O  238, 

0  261,  0  271,  0  338,  P  456, 

P  458,  P  544. 
callosa,  0  269. 
castanea,  183,  0  177,  0  271,  0 

292. 
cerata,  61,    183,  O   177,  0  271, 

0  292,  0  294,  P  457. 
cingulata,  0  294,  P  457.     • 
muricata,  P  456. 
nodata,  0  188. 
rigida,  10,  0  177. 
rudis,  183,  0  271. 
spadicea,  183,  0  271. 
tectum,  0  292. 
tubercularis,  61,  0  294. 
tuberculata,  0  182. 
varicosa,  10,  0  188. 
Turbo 

bicariuatus,  61,  0  174. 

Buschii,  36,  192,  0  274. 

carneus,  0  216. 

cinereus,  0  216. 

coccineus,  3. 

digitatus,  0  203,  0  253,  P  229. 

eximius,  31. 


Turbo 

fluctuatus,  0  192,  0  253,  P  223. 

,  var.  0  293,  Q  234. 

,  var.  depressus,  Q  234. 

fluctuosus,  0  179,  0  233,  0  236, 

0  237,  P  223,  P  536,  P  541. 
Fokkesii,  19,  60,  0  216,  6  233, 

0  253,  0  351,  P  223. 
funiculosus,  0    288,  0    293,   P 

223. 

margarita,  0  216. 
margiuatus,  49,0  200,  0  291. 
mcestus,  49. 
muriaticus,  0  220. 
pellis-serpentis,  0  170. 
petholatus,  63. 
phasianella,    31,    36,    63,     192, 

214,  0  274. 
pulcher,  48. 
pustulatus,  0  230. 
rotelliformis,  0  200. 
rutilus,  37,  192,  0  274,  0  320. 
sanguineus,  3. 
saxosus,  10,  192,  0  179,  0  186, 

0-230,  0  274. 

squamiger,  0  187,0  230,  0  360. 
var.  striulatus,  36. 
tessellatus,  0  230,  0  291. 
ulvse,  0  220,  P  361. 
unguis,  P  229. 
variegatus,  36. 
ventrosus,  0  220. 
Turbo  nilla 

aspera,  118,  323. 
Turris 

funiculata,  P  390. 
Turritella 

altilira,  80. 

Banksii,  36,   154,   186,  0    256, 

0  272,  0  291,  0  325,  P  330. 
biseriata,  77. 
Broderipiana,  O   190,  0  256,  P 

330- 

Californica,  P  330. 
Cooperi,  98,  141. . 
Cumingii,  0  256,  0  291,  P  332. 


116 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Turritella 

Cuiniugii,  var.  108. 

erosa,  71. 

Eschrichtii,  17,  19,  84,  310,  0 
223,  0  325. 

fascialis,  0  187,  0  325. 

Gatuoensis,  80. 

gouiostorna,  24,  27,  36,  153,  186, 
O  170,  0  190,  0  192,  O  230, 
0  237,  0  256,  0  291,  0  325, 
0  364,  P  330,  P  359,  P  540. 

var.  0  291. 

Hookeri,  0  256,  P  330,  P  540. 

imbricata,  O  235,  0  256,  O  364, 
P  332,  P  536. 

Inezana,  82. 

Jewettii,  25,  141,  323. 

Isevis,  0  325. 

lentiginosa,  0    256,  0    291,  0 

325,  P  330. 
lineata,  75. 
leucostoma,   153,  154,  0   170,  O 

256,  P  332. 
meta,  O  364,  P  330. 
nodulosa,  0  187,  0  325. 
obruta,  75. 
papillosa,  0  187. 
punctata,  152. 
rubescens,  0  187. 
sanguinea,  108,  141,323,0  178, 

O  291,  0  297. 
tigrina,  27,  108,  153,  O  235,  0 

237,  0  256,  0  272,  0  293,  0 

364,  P  332,  P  540. 

var.  0  291. 

Uvasana,  75. 
variata,  82. 
Turtonia 

minuta,  71. 
Tyleria 

fragilis,  0  245,  0  300,  P  25,  P 

53'.  P  547- 
Tympanotonus 

Gallapaginis,  P  338. 
Typhis 

fimbriatus,  0  287,  0  345* 


Typhis 

grandis,  0  287,  0  297,  0  345. 
quadratus,  0  205,  0  345. 

Umbrella 

ovalis,    52,   0    284,   0    313,   S 

161. 
Ungulina 

luticola,  15. 
Unio 

Aztecorum,  0  295. 

batavus,  0  222. 

cjrenoides,  0  295,  0  309. 

Dahuricus,  0  222. 

famelicus,   163,  0  210,  0  213, 

0309. 

Liebmanui,  0  295. 
luteolus,  116. 
margaritifera,  0  222. 
Mexicanus,  0  295. 
Mongolians,  0  222. 
xmculiuus,  0  295,  0  309. 
Oregonensis,  164. 
pic  torn  rn,  0  222. 
Uvanilla 

Buschii,  36,  0  320. 

inermis,   24,  36,  192,  0  253,  0 

274,  0  320,  P  229. 
olivacea,  27,  36,  108,  192,  0  204, 

0  235,  0  253,  0  282,  0  320, 

P  227,  P  229,  P  231,  P  530. 
unguis,  108,  256,  O  203,  0  253, 

0  282,  0  320,  P  229,  P  309. 
variegatus,  0  253. 
Uzita 

nodulifera,  P  496. 
versicolor,  P  499. 

Valvata 

obtusa,  215. 
piscinalis,  0  222. 
sincera,  162. 
tricarinata,  163. 
virens,  162. 
Vanicoro  (see  Narica) 

cryptopbila,  0  254,  P  262, 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


117 


Vasum 

csestus,  P  456. 
Ve.lutina 

coriacea,  0  216,  0  223,  0  337. 
cryptospira,  20,  0  216,  0  220. 
haliotoidea,  71,  0  216,  0  223. 
Kamtschatkana,  147. 
laevigata,    14,   89,    147,    169,   0 

216. 

Mulleri,  14,  0  203,  0  216. 
prolongata,  114,  147,  245. 
Sitchensis,  0  286,  0  337. 
spongiosa,  0  223,  0  337. 
zonata,  71. 

Venericardia 

borealis,  17,  97,  128,  165,   168, 

170. 

crassa,  106. 
crassicostata,  10. 
laticostata,  23. 
radiata,  23. 

ventricosa,  25,  97,  118,  128. 
Venerupis 

Cordieri,  86,  0  196. 

var.  V  214. 

cjlindracea,  45. 
foliacea,  0  281. 
gigantea,  14,  20,  86,  0  196,  0 

203,  0  219,  0  223. 
•Nuttallii,  74. 
paupercula,  0  289. 
Petitii,  86,  0  203,  0  219,  0  223, 

0232. 
Venus 

Adamsii,  57,  70. 

amathusia.   38,    201,  0    229,  0 

232,  0  234,  0  247,  0  278,  0 

282,  O  289,  0  306,  0  358,  P 

72,  V  217. 
ampliata,  18,  0  213,  0  305,  0 

348. 

angustifrons,  0  367. 
asperriina,  55,  56. 
astartoides,  70,  88, 0  219, 0  221, 

0  223,  0  305. 


Venus 

bilineata,  57. 
biradiata,  0  178. 
bisecta,  0  367. 
brevilineata,  0  367. 
calcarea,  1 8, 0  210,  0  305, 0  348. 
Californiana,  12,  55,  56,  O  351. 
California,  0  232,  O  285. 
Californiensis,  12,  40,  56,  0  191, 

0  232,  0  234,  0  285,  0  305, 

0  352,  V  216. 

var.  0  285. 

callosa,  56,  57,  0  232,  V  216. 
cancellata,  0  236,  0  364,  P  72, 

P  80,  P  539. 
cardioides,  55,  56,  57. 
casina,  55. 
cingulata,  55,  0  185. 
circinata,  0  363,  P  69. 
Columbiensis,  0  185,  O  232,  0 

247,  0  282,  0  306,  0  352,  P 

75- 

compta,  55,  56,  57,  0  232. 
Cortezi,  56. 
crassa,  55. 
crenata,  55. 
crenifera,  55,  0    185,  0   208,  0 

247,  0  306,  O  364,  P  74. 
crenulata,  55,  56. 
Cuvieri,  14. 
cycloides,  39,  P  60. 
Cypria,  57. 
decorata,  0  176. 
decussata,  var.  P  32. 
dione,  0  266. 
discors,  38,    55,   201,  0    185,  O 

229,  0  247,  0  278,  0  284,  P 

79- 
dispar,  102,  0  196,  0  283,  0  305, 

0  351,  V  21^5. 
distans,  0  247,  0  296,  0  306,  P 

74- 

elevata,  P  74. 
encausta,  0  289. 
entocapta,  0  247,  P  77. 


118 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


Venus 

excavata,  56,  0  305,  0  351,  V 

216. 

eximia,  55. 
fluctifraga,  56,  57,  78,  0  232,  0 

0284,0351,0  352. 
fluctuosa,  70. 

fuscolineata,  30,  0  185,  0  306. 
gibbosula,  56,  57. 
gnidia,  47,  57,  201, 0  161,  0  175, 

0  229,  0  232,  0  234,  0  241, 

O  247,  0  279,  0  306,  O  358, 

gran  ill  ata,  55- 

grata,  55,  0  229,  0  284,  P  77- 

Guineensis,  P  69. 

histrionica,  86,  0  185,  P  76. 

intersecta,  56. 

Kellettii,  0  207,  0  306. 

Kennerleyi,  39,  55,  86,  88,  127. 

Lamarckii,  56. 

lamellifera,  86,  0  196,  0  232,  0 

367,  V  214. 
laticostata,  14- 

leucodon,  40,  55,  0  285,  V  216. 
var.  lilacina,  56. 
Listen,  var.  55. 
lupinaria,  P  67. 
maxima,  86. 
mercenaria,  18,  0  210. 
multicostata,  14,  55,  20I>  °  l85i 

0278. 

mundulus,  12,  56,  304. 
muscaria,  57. 

neglecta,  55,  5<>,  57,  0  161,  0 
170,  0  178,  0  191,  0  208,  0 
247,  0  306,  0  364,  P  77. 
Nuttallii,  12,  56,  57,78,0  232 
0  284,  0  305,  0  349,  0  35 J,  ° 
352,  V  216.^ 

ornatissima,  57,  0  185,  0  306. 
Pajaroana,  81. 
paphia,  57,  61. 
pectorina,  55. 

pectunculoides,  14,  201,  0  203 
0278. 


Venus 

perdix,  0  203. 

Pinacatensis,  55. 

planulata,  0  191,  P  59. 

Portesiana,  55,  0  247,  P  74. 

pulicaria,  55,  56,  0  185,  0  305. 

puuctata,  P  97. 

radiata,  6,  14,  P  74. 

reticulata,  0  232,  0  305,  0  35.. 

rhysomia,  118. 

rigida,  12,  17,  18,  57,  70,  86,  0 

210,  0  284,  0  305. 
ruderata,  12,  17,  56,  304. 
simillima,  55,  56,  0  232,  0  289, 

0  305,  V  216. 

Solangensis,  0  191,  0  246,  P  54. 
staminea,    157,    86,   0    196,    0 
straminea,  I  232,  0  234,  0  284, 
0352,  V  215. 

var.  0  232. 

Stimpsoni,  73. 

Stutchburyi,  56. 

subimbricata,  57,  0  185. 

subrostrata,  56. 

subrugosa,   47,    201,  0  178,    0 

278. 

subsulcata,  0  278. 
succincta,  7,   12,  55,  56,  78,   0 

170,  P  72,  P  549. 
sugillata,  55,  201. 
sulcata,  0  221. 
tantilla,  0  227,  U  201. 
Thouarsii,  14,  0  278. 
tigeriua,  P  96. 
toreuma,  101. 
tricolor,  55,  0  247,  P  77. 
tumida,  304. 
undatella,  57,  0  247,  0  285,  0 

305,  P  75- 
Vermetus 

anellum,  43. 

centiquadrus,  43,  0  204,  P  302, 

P303- 

contortus,  43. 
corrodens,  43. 
eburneus,  24,  32,  37,  42,  194,  0 


INDEX    OF    SrEClES. 


110 


Vermetus 

175,  0  185,  0  255,  0  324,  0 

367,  p  304. 

effusus,  42. 

glomeratus,  32,  37,  194,  0  235, 

0  237,  0  255,  0  275,  P  305, 

P  306,  P  536,  P  540. 
Hindsii,  42,  P  304. 
lumbricalis,  42,  P  301,  P  306. 
macrophragma,  43. 
margaritaruin,  0  204. 
margaritifera,  43. 
Panamensis,  37,  43,  194,  0  237, 

0  255,  0  275,  P  306,  P  540. 
pellucidus,  0  I75>°  255,  P  3°4- 
Peronii,  43,  0  204,  0  255,  0  324, 

P302. 

tulipa,  43- 

varians,  43,  W  315. 
Vermiculus 

centiquadrus,  42. 

eburneus,  42. 

effusus,  42. 

incurvatus,  X  436. 

pellucidus,  42. 
Vertagus  (see  Rhinoclavis) 

fragraria,  0  325. 

geminatus,  0  170,  0  230,  0  256, 

o  325,  P  339. 

Verticordia 

novemcostata,  131,  168,  170. 

ornata,  98,  131,  170. 
VexLlla 

fuscolineata,  102. 
Vitrina 

diaphana,  118. 

pellucida,  0  222. 

Pfeifferi,  118,  157. 
Vitrinella 

annulata,  0  253,  P  245. 

bifilata,  0  253,  0  321,  P  241.    • 

bifrontia,  0  253,  0  321,  P  242, 

P245- 
carinulata,   191,  0  253,  0  321, 

P246. 


Vitrinella 

cincta,  0  253,  0   321,  P  245,  P 

246. 

clathrata,  0  357,  P  238. 
concinna,  190,  0  273,  0  322. 
corouata,  0  253,  0  321,  P  244. 
decussata,  0  253,  0  321,  P  239, 

P  240. 

exigua,  190,  0  253, 0  273,  0  3221 
interrupta,  P  237. 
Jauus,  190,  O  273,  0  322. 
lirulata,  0  253,  0  321,  P  241. 
megastoma,  P  237. 
ininuta,  36,  190,  0  273,  P  237. 
inodesta,  190,  0  273,  0  322. 
monile,  0  253,  0  321,  P  240. 
monilifera,  0  253,  0  321,  P  240, 

P  241. 

naticoides,  0  253,  0  321,  P  246. 
orbis,  0  253,  0  322,  P  247. 
ornata,  34,  258. 
Panamensis,  108,  191,  0  253,  0 

273,  0  322,  P  238,  P  239. 
parva,  191,  0  253,  0  273,  0  322, 

0  357,  P  238. 
perparva,  191,  0  273,  0  322,  P 

243- 
t-ar.   nodosa,  0   253,   P 

243- 
planospirata,  0  253,  0  322,  P 

246. 

regularis,  36,  191,  0  273,  0  222. 
seminuda,  191,  0  274,  0  322. 
spiruloides,  T  169. 
subquadrata,  0  253,  0   321,   P 

241. 

tenuisculpta,  34,  258. 
tincta,  P  237. 
tricarinata,  191,  256,  0  274,  0 

322,  P  244. 
trigonata,  P  244. 
valvatoides,  36,    191,  0  274,  0 

322,  P  237. 
Vitta 

picta,  0  4,  P  259. 


120 


INDEX   OF    SPECIES. 


Vitularia 

aspera,  90. 

Belcheri,  0  340. 

lactuca,  92. 

«  salebrosa,  13,  25,  34,  151,  152, 
182,  0  177,  0  201,  0  235,  0 
262,  0  282,  0  340,  0  361,  0 
366,  P  485. 

vitulina,  0  366. 
Volsella 

splendida,  41. 
Voluta 

Barnesii,  40. 

cserulea,  0  178,  0  268. 

coffea,  P  178. 

Cumingii,  0  181,  0  292,  0  339. 

dama,  0  177,  178,  P  471. 

harpa,  TO,  40,  0  178,  0  188,  0 

231,  0  339- 

incrassata,  9,  0  261,  0  292,  P 
464. 

lens,  10,  0  185. 

nucleus,  10. 

nux,  10. 

ocellata,  0  262,  P  487. 

plumbea,  7. 

tenebrosa,   10,  0  262,  0  268,  P 

468. 
Volutella 

margaritula,  39,  no,  147,  316. 

pyriformis,  147,  316. 
Volutharpa 

ampullacea,  70. 
Volutilithes 

Californiaua,  75. 

Sayana,  75. 
Volvarina 

fnsea,  24,  154. 

serrata,  23,  24. 

varia,   23,    24,    100,    m,    112, 

147- 
Volvula 

cylindrica,  23,  133,  281. 
Vulsella 

Nuttalli,  0  193. 


Waldheimia 

California,   99,    122,    169,  250, 

0  298. 

Coreanica, )  20,    72,    113,   ,122, 
Koreanica,  )  169. 
dilatata,  54. 

globosa,  54,  99,  122,  250. 
Grayi,  70,  97,  122,  169. 
pulvinata,  18,  122,  166. 
trausversa,  72. 


Xylotrya 

fimbriata,  122,  168. 
palmulata,  122. 
pennatifera,  113,  122,  168. 

Yoldia 

amygdala,  89,  131. 
arutica,  131. 
hyperborea,  71. 
lanceolata,  89,  131,  169. 
liinatula,  71. 
myalis,  71. 
tliraciaeformis,  7°« 

Zaphon 

elegans,  17. 
Zebra 

Mullen,  59. 
Zemira 

Kelletii,  40. 
Zierliana 

solitaria,  177. 
Zirphaea 

crispata,  88.  97,  123,  168. 
Ziziphimis  (see  Calliostoma) 

anuulatus,  5, 0  200, 0  286,  V  224. 

Antonii,  53,  272,  0  320. 

Californicus,  40,  53,  0  253,   0 
286,  P  231. 

canaliculatus,  5. 

eximius,  53. 

filosus,  0  192,  0  286,  0  320. 

Leanus,  0  321. 

lima,  0  321. 


INDEX    OF    SPECIES. 


121 


Ziziphinus 

luridus,  53. 

M'Audrese,  0  284,  0  321. 
'     Panamensis,  0  321. 
versicolor,  0  320. 


Zonites 

cultellata,  159. 
electrina,  92. 
excavata,  92. 


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